JP6577313B2 - Chip sampling apparatus and perforation machine equipped with the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a drilling machine such as a crawler drill, and more particularly to a chip sampling apparatus that can be installed in this type of drilling machine.

  This type of drilling machine includes a dust collector device that prevents and collects scattered powder generated during drilling. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the dust collector device is provided at the front end of the guide shell 104 of the drilling machine 101, and is provided in the rear stage of the dust pod 107 that collects the dust D together with the compressed air A, and the dust pod 107. A pre-cleaner 110, a dust collector 108 provided on the carriage main body 100, and a dust collecting hose 109 for connecting them together (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  In this type of drilling machine, compressed air that has passed through a flushing device is supplied from a compressor to a bit at the tip during drilling. The supplied compressed air is ejected to the rock surface along with the dust in the hole, but after being collected by the dust pod, it is sucked to the dust collector and separated into solid and gas. The pre-cleaner is used to classify and discharge coarse particles of dust in compressed air to prevent clogging of the dust collector filter and blockage of the dust collecting hose. A pre-cleaner 110 type that deflects the direction of airflow from below to above is used.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-37651 JP 11-247575 A

By the way, when this type of drilling machine is used in a mine, powder collected by a dust collector device is used to monitor the quality of a product to be mined.
For example, Patent Document 2 proposes a technique in which pressure sensors are provided at a plurality of locations in a dust collector device, and the properties of the powdered powder are estimated using detection data of each sensor. However, the technique described in Patent Document 2 is intended to optimize the drilling conditions by estimating the properties of the dust, and specifies the quality of the actual product to be blasted after drilling. It is difficult.

Therefore, in this type of drilling machine, the operator periodically collects the dust discharged from the dust collector device, thereby specifying the properties of the drilled rock mass.
In a dust collector apparatus equipped in this type of drilling machine, the dust is discharged from two outlets of the precleaner of the primary classification means and the dust collector of the secondary classification means. The state of the chip powder collected from the hole bottom is more faithfully shown by the chip powder discharged from the precleaner. For this reason, chopping powder discharged from the precleaner is used for periodic sample collection.

However, in a general bench-cut method, the perforation length reaches 15 to 20 meters. Therefore, if the whole amount of scraped powder discharged from the precleaner is collected from the start to the end of the perforation, the amount is too large as a sample. Therefore, each time the operator adds a rod, the operator performs a sample collection operation of collecting a predetermined amount of powder from the powder discharged from the outlet of the precleaner by leaving the operator cabin. There is a problem in that sample collection is a heavy burden on the operator.
Therefore, the present invention has been made paying attention to such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a chip sampling apparatus capable of reducing an operator's work load and a drilling machine including the same.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, a scrap sampling apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention includes a dust pod attached to the tip of a guide shell, a precleaner provided at a subsequent stage of the dust pod, and a dust collector provided in a cart body. And a dust sampling device that collects the dust from the dust collector device, and is used in a drilling machine including a dust collector hose that connects the dust pod, precleaner, and dust collector so as to collect dust. A pre-cleaner having a inlet connected to the pre-cleaner housing and capable of discharging powdered powder toward a sampling bottle disposed at a sample-collecting position on the outlet side; A part of the powder in the precleaner is removed from the sampling tube during sampling. It rotated at an angle to form a ramp leading to the side, in the time of non-sampling, and having a chestnut powder distribution unit which rotates the normal chestnut powder discharge angle.

  Here, in the dust sampling apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention, a sampling door that opens and closes the inlet side of the sampling tube is provided on the inlet side of the sampling tube, and the sampling door is used during the sampling. If it is not sampled, it is located at an open position where the inlet side of the sampling tube is communicated with the inside of the precleaner by being pressed by the rotation of the powder distribution part. It is preferable that the pressing by the portion is released and the inlet side of the sampling tube is located at a closed position where the inlet side does not communicate with the inside of the precleaner.

Further, in the dust sampling apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention, a storage unit that stores a plurality of sampling bottles, and a drive that switches the positions of the storage units to sequentially position the plurality of sampling bottles at the sample sampling position. It is preferable to further include a bottle changer having a portion.
In order to solve the above-described problem, a drilling machine according to an aspect of the present invention includes the chip sampling apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention.

  According to the dust sampling apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention, when the dust distribution portion in the pre-cleaner is rotated to the sampling side, the slope that guides a part of the dust to the inlet side of the sampling tube is scraped. Since the distribution part is formed, a part of the powder in the pre-cleaner is guided from the ramp formed by the powder distribution part to the collection pipe, and further discharged from the discharge side of the collection pipe to the collection bottle. Therefore, the sample can be collected in the collection bottle.

  When the powder distribution part is rotated to the non-sampling side, the powder distribution part is rotated to the normal powder discharge angle, so that the powder in the pre-cleaner is not guided to the sampling tube. It is discharged from the outlet. That is, according to the powder sampling apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention, the powder can be collected as a sample only when the powder distribution part is rotated to the sampling side. Can be collected. Moreover, since the collection of the sample is automatically performed by the dust sampling apparatus, the operator's work load can be reduced.

  And according to the punching machine which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention, since the powder sampling apparatus which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention is provided, collection | sampling of a sample can be automatically performed with a powder sampling apparatus. Therefore, the operator does not need to collect samples away from the operator cabin. Therefore, the operator's workload can be greatly reduced.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the operator's workload can be reduced.

It is explanatory drawing of one Embodiment of the drilling machine provided with the chip sampling apparatus which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which looked at the principal part of the drilling machine of FIG. 1 from the front. FIG. 3 is a front view of a chestnut sampling apparatus (a view of FIG. 2 as viewed from the direction A (from the back side of the sheet to the diagonally forward direction)). It is a bottom view (the figure which looked at Drawing 3 from the C direction) of a chestnut sampling device. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view explaining operation | movement of a chestnut sampling apparatus, The figure (a) shows the state at the time of non-sampling, (b). It is a 3rd page figure (the figure (a) is a figure which looked at Drawing 2 from the B direction) which shows the bottle changer with which the meal sampling apparatus of this embodiment is equipped. It is explanatory drawing (DD sectional drawing of FIG.6 (b)) which shows the internal structure of a bottle changer. It is explanatory drawing of an example of the punching machine shown as a comparative example. It is explanatory drawing of the pre cleaner shown as a comparative example.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a dust sampling apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate. The drawings are schematic. For this reason, it should be noted that the relationship between the thickness and the planar dimension, the ratio, and the like are different from the actual ones, and the dimensional relationship and the ratio are different between the drawings. Further, the following embodiments exemplify apparatuses and methods for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the technical idea of the present invention is the material, shape, structure, and arrangement of components. Etc. are not specified in the following embodiments.

First, the overall configuration of the drilling machine of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and demonstrated about the structure similar to the drilling machine shown as a comparative example in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, a drilling machine 51 according to this embodiment includes an arm 52 provided on a carriage main body 100, a guide shell 1 provided at the tip of the arm 52, and a drill rock provided on the guide shell 1. Machine 53. The rock drill 53 is detachably provided with a rod 55 having a bit 54 attached to the tip.

  The dust collector device of the drilling machine 51 includes a dust pod 4 provided at the tip of the guide shell 1, a precleaner 20 provided at the rear stage of the dust pod 4, and a dust collector 108 provided in the carriage main body 100. And dust collecting hoses 5 and 8 connected to each other. The dust pod 4 and the precleaner 20 are connected to each other by the first dust collecting hose 5, and the precleaner 20 and the dust collector 108 are connected to each other by the second dust collecting hose 8.

2, the dust pod 4 is a rubber skirt-like member, and its base end is attached to a substantially cylindrical dust pod housing 4a. The dust pod housing 4a is provided with a first outlet pipe 4b obliquely upward from a cylindrical side surface portion. The precleaner 20 has a cylindrical precleaner housing 21.
A bracket 21c is provided on the outer wall of the precleaner casing 21, and one end of the support beam 6 is connected to the bracket 21c. The other end of the support beam 6 is fixed to the side surface of the tip portion of the guide shell 1, and the precleaner 20 is supported in parallel with the guide shell 1.

As shown in FIG. 5, the precleaner 20 has a dust collection chamber 22 formed inside a cylindrical precleaner housing 21, and a dust reducing chamber 22 is provided on the upper portion of the dust collection chamber 22 via a reduced diameter portion. An outlet pipe 21a is provided, and a dust discharge pipe 21b is provided at a lower portion through a reduced diameter portion. Further, an inlet pipe 23 is connected to the precleaner casing 21 obliquely upward.
As shown in FIG. 3, the second dust collection hose 8 is connected to the outlet pipe 21a, the valve 9 is connected to the dust discharge pipe 21b, and the first dust collection hose 5 is connected to the inlet pipe 23. ing. The valve 9 is a flexible hose that is deformed so as to open and close the passage in accordance with the pressure in the dust collection chamber 22. The valve 9 is deformed and closes the passage when the dust collection chamber 22 is in a negative pressure state. When the powdered powder is filled in the closed space in the valve 9 and the weight of the powdered flour increases until the filled powder cannot maintain the closed state, the powdered powder is discharged in an open state. As shown in FIG. 2, the perforating machine 51 is equipped with the dust sampling apparatus 10 in the dust collector apparatus described above.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the chestnut sampling apparatus 10 includes a swing tray 26 that is rotatably provided in the precleaner casing 21, and a sampling tube 40 that is connected to the outer wall surface of the precleaner casing 21. . In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a bottle changer 30 that is fixed to the base end portion of the support beam 6 via a column 7 is further disposed below the outlet of the sampling tube 40. The collection tube 40 includes a first collection tube 24c that forms the upper portion of the collection tube 40, a second collection tube 31c that is provided at the top of the bottle changer 30 and forms the lower portion of the collection tube 40, and a first collection tube 24c. It has the collection hose 25 which connects the 2nd collection pipe 31c mutually.

A collection box 24 is provided on the outer wall of the precleaner casing 21 as shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 5, a sampling port 24a is opened on the wall surface of the precleaner casing 21 covered with the sampling box 24, and a sampling door 24b that can be opened and closed is provided in the sampling port 24a. .
In the present embodiment, the collection door 24b itself is constituted by a rubber plate member so that the collection door 24b is urged toward the closing side by its own elastic force. Note that a torsion coil spring that pivotally supports the upper portion of the collection door 24b and urges the collection door 24b toward the closing side may be mounted around the support shaft.

  In the lower part of the collection box 24, the first collection pipe 24c constituting the upper part of the collection pipe 40 is provided obliquely downward, and the first collection pipe 24c constitutes the lower part of the collection pipe 40. A second hose 25 is connected to the second sampling tube 31c. The central portion of the sampling hose 25 can be opened and closed by the same structure as the valve 9 described above, and the powder D can be transferred intermittently.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the dust distribution portion is configured to have the swing tray 26, the drive shaft 27, and the drive cylinder 28. The swing tray 26 is a member having a U-shaped cross section in which a central slope 26a and two side walls 26b are formed on both sides of the slope 26a. As shown in FIG. 5, the swing tray 26 can be rotated around a horizontal drive shaft 27 in the dust collection chamber 22 of the precleaner 20 and at a position below the opening 23 k of the inlet pipe 23. Is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the drive cylinder 28 is attached to the outer wall of the precleaner casing 21, and the rod tip of the drive cylinder 28 is connected to the drive shaft 27 via an arm 27a. The drive cylinder 28 is expanded and contracted according to supply and discharge of pressure oil by a hydraulic mechanism (not shown). The state of the oil passage of the control valve of the hydraulic mechanism is controlled by pressure oil control means. The pressure oil control means is operably connected from an operation panel (not shown) provided in the operator cabin, and the rod of the drive cylinder 28 expands and contracts in response to an operation signal from the operation panel by the operator. In other words, it is designed to rotate like a butterfly valve.

  That is, in a state where the rod of the drive cylinder 28 is contracted, the inclined path 26a of the swing tray 26 rotates so as to face the direction following the longitudinal direction of the precleaner casing 21, as shown in FIG. On the other hand, in the state where the drive cylinder 28 is extended, as shown in FIG. 5B, the swing tray 26 rotates in the clockwise direction in the figure, and the inclined path 26a of the swing tray 26 has a predetermined inclination angle. In addition to forming a slide surface, the ends of the left and right side walls 26b of the swing tray 26 are in contact with the inner wall surface of the collection door 24b, and are pushed up outward against the pressing force of the collection door 24b. It arrange | positions so that it may open.

In particular, in this embodiment, when the sampling port 24a is opened, the axis line FL of the inlet pipe 23, the streamline ML along the slide surface of the inclined path 26a of the swing tray 26, and the axis line NL of the first sampling pipe 24c are Therefore, a sampling path that smoothly guides the powder D from the inlet pipe 23 to the first sampling pipe 24c is formed.
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the bottle changer 30 includes a flat box type casing 31, a drive unit 32 including a motor 32 a on the casing 31 and provided inside the casing 31, and an upper portion of the casing 31. And a cylindrical bottle magazine 33 for accommodating a plurality of collection bottles B. The upper surface of the bottle magazine 33 is covered with a top plate 31a, and the top plate 31a is provided with a collection window 31b that can be opened and closed by an operator by hand. Further, the second sampling tube 31c is connected to the top plate 31a obliquely upward.

The side surface of the bottle magazine 33 is covered with a side wall 31 d erected on the upper surface of the casing 31 so as to cover approximately 2/3 of the circumference of the bottle magazine 33. The bottle changer 30 is held by the guide shell 1 by connecting the lower portion of the support column 7 to the base end portion of the side wall 31 d of the casing 31 and connecting the upper portion of the support column 7 to the support beam 6.
The drive unit 32 has a motor 32 a standing upright on the upper surface of the casing 31 on the side of the bottle magazine 33. The drive unit 32 in the casing 31 has a transmission means (not shown) for transmitting the driving force of the motor 32a to the rotating shaft 33a of the bottle magazine 33, and drives the motor 32a to control the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 33a. Control means (not shown) are provided. The control means is operably connected from an operation panel (not shown) provided in the operator cabin. The control means drives the rotation angle of the rotary shaft 33a by a predetermined angle so that the plurality of collection bottles B are sequentially positioned at the sample collection position in response to a drive signal from the operation panel by the operator. .

  The bottle magazine 33 includes a guide plate 33b connected to the upper portion of the rotation shaft 33a, and a cylindrical case 33c that covers the periphery of the guide plate 33b at a predetermined distance. The guide plate 33b has a plurality of concave arcuate surfaces (9 locations in this example) equally distributed in the circumferential direction on its outer peripheral surface as a container for the collection bottle B. The guide plate 33b holds nine collection bottles B in a plurality of holding portions by cooperation between the guide plate 33b and the inner peripheral surface of the case 33c. The opening can be positioned at a sample collection position facing the opening of the second collection tube.

  In the present embodiment, the sample collection position is formed with a slit on the side wall 31d where the amount of scraped powder filled in the collection bottle B can be seen from inside the operator cabin, and the operator can collect the sample from the slit on the side wall 31d. The amount of crushed powder filled in the bottle B can be visually observed from within the operator cabin. In addition, the detection sensor which can detect the amount of the powder filled in the collection bottle B at the sample collection position is provided, the amount of the powder filled in the collection bottle B at the sample collection position is detected, and the detected value is set to the above pressure. You may comprise so that it may send to an oil control means. In this case, if the acquired detection value (amount of the dust) exceeds a predetermined amount, the pressure oil control means reduces the rod of the drive cylinder 28 and sets the swing tray 26 in a normal state in which the swing tray 26 faces downward. To program. Further, whether or not the swing tray 26 is in the normal state can be configured so that the operator can visually check the display lamp on the operation panel provided in the operator cabin.

Next, operation | movement, an effect | action, and effect of the dust sampling apparatus 10 of this embodiment are demonstrated.
In the drilling machine 51 of this embodiment, compressed air that has passed through a flushing device is supplied from a compressor (not shown) to the bit 54 at the tip during drilling. Although the drill powder D in the hole is ejected to the rock surface, the compressed air A is collected by the dust pod 4 together with the drill powder D in the hole, so that it does not scatter. The supplied compressed air A is collected by the dust pod 4 with the dust D in the hole by the above-described dust collector device, and sucked to the dust collector 108 for solid-gas separation.

  At that time, the scrap D collected by the dust pod 4 is sent to the precleaner 20 through the first dust collecting hose 5 along with the compressed air A. In the dust collection chamber 22 of the pre-cleaner 20, in order to prevent clogging of the filter of the dust collector 108 and blockage of the second dust collection hose 8, coarse particles of the compressed air A and the dust D are primarily classified by the deflection of the airflow. . The compressed air A after the primary classification is sent to the second dust collecting hose 8, and the primary classified scrap powder D is sent to the valve 9 through the dust discharge pipe 21b and discharged outside the apparatus.

Here, as described above, in the drilling machine 51 of the present embodiment, the dust sampling device 10 is equipped in the dust collector device, and the dust distribution portion of the dust sampling device 10 is an operator in the operator cabin. Can be operated from the operation panel.
That is, the dust distribution part has a swing tray 26 that can be rotated in the pre-cleaner 20, and the drive cylinder 28 expands and contracts in response to a signal from the operation panel, so that the swing tray 26 rotates. When the swing tray 26 is in a non-sampling state, that is, when the drive cylinder 28 is contracted and the swing tray 26 faces downward (FIG. 4A), the dust distribution portion rotates to a normal discharge angle. The normal primary classification is performed in the dust collection chamber 22.

On the other hand, the dust distribution portion is in the sampling state, that is, the drive cylinder 28 is extended and the swing tray 26 is rotated in the clockwise direction, and the push-out sampling port 24a is opened against the pressing force of the sampling door 24b. In the open state (FIG. 4B), the inclined path 26a of the swing tray 26 is in a predetermined inclined posture, and a sampling path that guides a part of the powdered powder to the collection side is formed.
In particular, in the present embodiment, the sampling of the powder D in which the axis FL of the inlet pipe 23, the streamline ML along the slide surface of the ramp 26a, and the axis NL of the first sampling pipe 24c are substantially in the same straight line relationship. Since the path is formed, a part of the powder D classified in the dust collection chamber 22 is sent to the collection hose 25 through the first collection pipe 24c.

  The collection tube 40 connected to the pre-cleaner housing 21 communicates with the collection bottle B which is connected to the exit side of the ramp 26a of the swing tray 26 at the sample collection position on the exit side. Since D is discharged, the scrap D sent to the collection tube 40 passes through the second collection tube 31c of the bottle changer 30 and is discharged to the collection bottle B at the opposing sample collection position and collected as a sample.

  When the collection bottle B is filled with a predetermined amount of sample, and the operator visually confirms the filling of the collection bottle B from within the operator cabin, the operator sends an operation signal of the powder distribution portion from the operation panel in the operator cabin, and the swing tray 26 rotation operations are performed. As a result, the pressure oil control means reduces the rod of the drive cylinder 28 and puts the swing tray 26 of the powder distribution portion into a non-sampling state, and closes the sampling path for the powder D.

When the operator visually confirms the filling of the collection bottle B from the operator cabin, the operator performs a feeding operation of the bottle changer 30 from the operation panel in the operator cabin. Thereby, the control means of the drive unit 32 of the bottle changer 30 drives the motor 32a to rotate the bottle magazine 33 by a predetermined angle.
As a result, the empty collection bottle B is positioned at the sample collection position facing the opening of the second collection tube 31c. Next, the operator sends out an operation signal of the powder distribution part from the operation panel. In response to this, a series of sampling operations in which the pressure oil control means rotates the swing tray 26 of the dust distribution part into the sampling state and opens the sampling path of the dust D can be repeated.

When the drilling operation is completed, the operator manually removes the collection window 31b of the bottle changer 30 to secure a passage space for the collection bottle B, and manually collects the sample from the bottle magazine 33 while driving the drive unit 32. Collect bottle B.
Thus, according to the powder sampling apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, the powder D is obtained by operating the swing tray 26 of the powder distribution portion provided rotatably in the precleaner 20 in the operator cabin. Can be automatically sampled into the collection bottle B. This eliminates the need for the operator to collect a sample away from the operator cabin, thereby greatly reducing the operator's workload.

It should be noted that the dust sampling apparatus according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, in the above embodiment, the specific dimensions of the swing tray 26 are not mentioned. However, for example, the sampling amount can be easily adjusted by changing the specifications of the swing tray 26. That is, the amount of sampling can be increased by extending the upper part of the swing tray 26 toward the inlet pipe 23, and the interval between the two side walls 26b can be increased or decreased to reduce the width of the ramp 26a. It is possible to increase or decrease the sampling amount by changing.

Moreover, according to the powder sampling apparatus 10 of this embodiment, the sampling amount and sampling timing of the powder D can also be set suitably by control of the powder distribution part. For example, it is also possible to set the sampling amount as one sampling bottle per rod in a long hole drilling operation performed by adding a plurality of rods.
Moreover, it can also be set as the structure which does not provide the bottle changer 30 of the said embodiment. However, since the bottle changer 30 that accommodates a plurality of collection bottles B can be sampled as in the above-described embodiment, it is possible to sample a large amount of powder D, so that it is possible to cope with long-time drilling operations. It is suitable.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Guide shell 2 Centralizer 3 Foot pad 4 Dust pod 4a Dust pod housing | casing 4b 1st exit pipe 5 1st dust collection hose 6 Support beam 7 2nd dust collection hose 9 Valve 10 Dried powder sampling apparatus 20 Pre cleaner 21 Pre Cleaner casing 21a Outlet pipe 21b Dust discharge pipe 21c Bracket 22 Dust collection chamber 23 Inlet pipe 24 Collection box 24a Collection port 24b Collection door 24c First collection pipe (collection pipe)
25 Sampling hose (sampling tube)
26 Swing tray (Drilling part)
26a Ramp 26b Side wall 27 Drive shaft 27a Arm 28 Drive cylinder 30 Bottle changer 31 Casing 31a Top plate 31b Collection window 31c Second collection pipe (collection pipe)
31d Side wall 32 Drive part 32a Motor 33 Bottle magazine 33a Rotating shaft 33b Guide plate 33c Case 40 Sampling tube A Compressed air B Sampling bottle D Batter

Claims (4)

A dust pod attached to the tip of the guide shell, a precleaner provided at the rear stage of the dust pod, a dust collector provided in the main body of the cart, and a dust collecting hose for connecting the dust pod, precleaner and dust collector so as to collect dust. A dust sampling device that collects dust from the dust collector device, and is used in a drilling machine including a dust collector device having
The inlet tube is connected to the housing of the pre-cleaner, and the sampling tube is provided so as to be able to discharge the powder toward the sampling bottle arranged at the sample sampling position on the outlet side.
It is provided in the pre-cleaner so as to be able to rotate, and at the time of sampling, it rotates at an angle that forms an inclined path that guides a part of the dust in the pre-cleaner to the inlet side of the sampling tube. When sampling, a starch sampling apparatus characterized by having a starch powder allocating part that rotates to a normal powder discharge angle. On the entry side of the collection tube, a collection door for opening and closing the entry side of the collection tube is provided,
The sampling door is positioned at the open position that is pressed by the rotation of the powder distribution portion and communicates the inlet side of the sampling tube with the inside of the pre-cleaner during the sampling, and is not at the time of the non-sampling. The powder sampling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the powder powder sampling device is located at a closed position where the pressing by the powder distribution part is released and the inlet side of the sampling tube is not communicated with the inside of the precleaner.   The bottle changer further comprising: a storage unit that stores a plurality of collection bottles; and a drive unit that switches a position of the storage unit and sequentially positions the plurality of collection bottles at the sample collection position. The described chipping sampling apparatus.   A drilling machine comprising the scrap sampling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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