JP6572212B2 - 治療用の改変霊長類l−メチオニナーゼ - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、概して、医学及び生物学分野に関するものである。より具体的には、癌治療における使用のための、改善されたヒトメチオニン−γ−リアーゼ(hMGL)に関する。
癌性組織において、必須アミノ酸のL−メチオニンに対する要求性は異常に高い。メチオニンの枯渇は、様々な腫瘍型に効果的であり、非癌性組織に有害な影響を与えないことが示されている。アミノ酸を加水分解する酵素の作用を介して、メチオニン枯渇は生じることができる。ヒトメチオニン枯渇酵素は以前には存在していなかったが、緑膿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)由来の細菌酵素である、メチオニン−γ−リアーゼが、臨床での治療に有効であることが示され、臨床試験で評価されていた。しかしながら、細菌性タンパク質であるメチオニン−γ−リアーゼは、高い免疫原性があり、特異抗体の形成を惹起し、それにより、有害反応が生じ、また、活性が低下してしまう。メチオニン−γ−リアーゼはまた、非常に半減期が短く、in vitro及びin vivoで約2時間しかなく、全身的に枯渇させるためには、非常に高頻度及び非現実的な高用量が必要となる。
天然型霊長類CGLアミノ酸配列(配列番号1及び7〜10を参照のこと)と比較して少なくとも1つの置換を有する、単離された修飾された霊長類シスタチオニン−γ−リアーゼ(CGL)酵素であって、前記少なくとも1つの置換が、前記天然型霊長類CGL配列の59位、63位、91位、119位、268位、331位、339位、及び/または353位に置換を含み、前記少なくとも1つの置換が、59位のVal、59位のAsn、119位のLeu、及び/または339位のValのみであってはならない、前記酵素。
[本発明1002]
前記少なくとも1つの置換が、(i)59位のAsnもしくはIle、(ii)63位のLeu、(iii)91位のMet、(iv)119位のLeuもしくはAla、(v)268位のArg、(vi)311位のGly、(vii)339位のVal、及び/または(viii)353位のSerを含む、本発明1001の酵素。
[本発明1003]
前記少なくとも1つの置換が、63位のLeu、91位のMet、268位のArg、311位のGly、339位のVal、及び353位のSerを含む、本発明1001の酵素。
[本発明1004]
59位のAsnまたはIle、及び119位のLeuまたはAlaをさらに含む、本発明1003の酵素。
[本発明1005]
前記少なくとも1つの置換が、59位のAsn、63位のLeu、91位のMet、119位のLeu、268位のArg、311位のGly、339位のVal、及び353位のSerを含む、本発明1004の酵素。
[本発明1006]
前記少なくとも1つの置換が、59位のIle、63位のLeu、91位のMet、119位のLeu、268位のArg、311位のGly、339位のVal、及び353位のSerを含む、本発明1004の酵素。
[本発明1007]
前記少なくとも1つの置換が、59位のAsn、63位のLeu、91位のMet、119位のAla、268位のArg、311位のGly、339位のVal、及び353位のSerを含む、本発明1004の酵素。
[本発明1008]
前記少なくとも1つの置換が、59位のIle、63位のLeu、91位のMet、119位のAla、268位のArg、311位のGly、339位のVal、及び353位のSerを含む、本発明1004の酵素。
[本発明1009]
異種ペプチドセグメントをさらに含む、本発明1001の酵素。
[本発明1010]
前記異種ペプチドセグメントが、XTENペプチド、IgG Fc、アルブミン、またはアルブミン結合ペプチドである、本発明1009の酵素。
[本発明1011]
ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)に連結されている、本発明1001の酵素。
[本発明1012]
1以上のLysまたはCys残基を介してPEGに連結されている、本発明1011の酵素。
[本発明1013]
本発明1001の酵素をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む核酸。
[本発明1014]
細菌、真菌、昆虫、または哺乳類での発現にコドン最適化されている、本発明1013の核酸。
[本発明1015]
本発明1014の核酸を含む発現ベクター。
[本発明1016]
本発明1014の核酸を含む宿主細胞。
[本発明1017]
細菌細胞、真菌細胞、昆虫細胞、または哺乳類細胞である、本発明1016の宿主細胞。
[本発明1018]
前記細菌細胞が、ilvA及びmetA遺伝子の欠失を有する大腸菌(E. Coli)株である、本発明1017の宿主細胞。
[本発明1019]
本発明1001の酵素または本発明1013の核酸を薬学的に許容される担体中に含む、医薬製剤。
[本発明1020]
腫瘍細胞または腫瘍細胞を有する対象を治療する方法であって、本発明1019の製剤を前記腫瘍細胞または前記対象に投与する段階を含む、前記方法。
[本発明1021]
前記対象が、メチオニン制限食で維持されている、本発明1020の方法。
[本発明1022]
前記対象が、通常食で維持されている、本発明1020の方法。
[本発明1023]
前記対象が、ヒト患者である、本発明1020の方法。
[本発明1024]
前記製剤が、静脈内に、皮内に、動脈内に、腹腔内に、病巣内に、頭蓋内に、関節内に、前立腺内に、胸膜内に、気管内に、眼球内に、鼻腔内に、硝子体内に、膣内に、直腸内に、筋肉内に、皮下に、結膜下に、膀胱内に、経粘膜に、心膜内に、臍帯内に、経口で、吸入によって、注射によって、点滴によって、持続点滴によって、標的細胞を直接浸す局所かん流によって、カテーテルを介して、または洗浄液を介して投与される、本発明1020の方法。
[本発明1025]
前記製剤が、前記腫瘍細胞の栄養培地に投与される、本発明1020の方法。
[本発明1026]
前記栄養培地が、血液、リンパ液、または髄液である、本発明1025の方法。
[本発明1027]
前記対象に少なくとも第二の抗癌治療を施す段階をさらに含む、本発明1020の方法。
[本発明1028]
前記第二の抗癌治療が、外科治療、化学療法、放射線治療、寒冷療法、ホルモン療法、免疫療法またはサイトカイン療法である、本発明1027の方法。
[本発明1029]
対象における腫瘍細胞の治療における使用のための、本発明1001の酵素または本発明1013の核酸を含む組成物。
[本発明1030]
前記酵素が、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)に連結されている、本発明1029の組成物。
[本発明1031]
前記酵素酸が、細菌、真菌、昆虫、または哺乳類での発現にコドン最適化されている、本発明1029の組成物。
[本発明1032]
前記組成物が、腫瘍内、静脈内、皮内、動脈内、腹腔内、病巣内、頭蓋内、関節内、前立腺内、胸膜内、気管内、眼内、鼻腔内、硝子体内、膣内、直腸内、筋肉内、皮下、結膜下、膀胱内、経粘膜、心膜内、臍帯内、経口投与用に処方されている、本発明1029の組成物。
[本発明1033]
前記腫瘍細胞の栄養培地への投与用に処方されている、本発明1029の組成物。
[本発明1034]
前記栄養培地が、血液、リンパ液、または髄液である、本発明1033の組成物。
[本発明1035]
少なくとも第二の抗癌治療をさらに含む、本発明1029の組成物。
[本発明1036]
前記第二の抗癌治療が、化学療法、ホルモン療法、免疫療法、またはサイトカイン療法である、本発明1035の組成物。
[本発明1037]
腫瘍細胞の治療のための医薬の製造における、本発明1001の酵素または本発明1013の核酸の使用。
本発明の他の目的、特性、及び、利点は、以下の詳細な記述から明白となるであろう。しかしながら、本発明の主旨及び範囲内の、様々な変化及び変更が、本明細書から当業者には明らかであるため、詳細な記述及び具体的な実施例が、本発明の好ましい実施形態を示している一方で、解説の目的でのみ、提示されているものであることを理解されたい。
本発明は、hMGL−NLV変異体(E59N、R119L、E339V)に関し、改善されたヒトメチオニン−γ−リアーゼ(hMGL)に関する主題の組成物を開示するものである。これら変異体は、高い触媒活性を示し、それにより、患者への投与に必要とされる治療剤濃度が低下しうる。これら改変ヒト酵素は、アミノ酸L−メチオニンを分解する。
本明細書において使用されるとき、「タンパク質」及び「ポリペプチド」という用語は、ペプチド結合を介して結合されたアミノ酸を含有する化合物を指し、相互交換可能に用いられる。
リアーゼは、様々な化学結合の分断を触媒する酵素であり、多くの場合、新たな二重結合または新たな環構造を形成する。たとえば、この反応を触媒する酵素は、リアーゼである:ATP→cAMP+PPi。リアーゼは、1方向の反応に対しては1つの基質のみを必要とするが、逆反応に対しては2つの酵素を必要とする点で、他の酵素とは異なる。
ヒトはメチオニン−γ−リアーゼ(MGLまたはメチオニナーゼ)を産生しないため、ヒト治療のために、生理学的条件下でのメチオニン分解に対し、高い活性及び特異性を有し、ならびに、生理学的液体(たとえば、血清)中で高い安定性を有し、及び、非免疫原性(それらは通常、免疫寛容を惹起する天然型タンパク質であるため)のメチオニナーゼを改変する必要がある。
ある態様において、ポリペプチドは、L−メチオニンを枯渇させる新規酵素を用いた、メチオニン枯渇に感受性のある癌(たとえば、肝細胞癌、メラノーマ、及び腎細胞癌)を含む疾患の治療に用いられても良い。本発明は、メチオニン分解活性を有する修飾シスタチオニン−γ−リアーゼを用いた治療方法を具体的に開示する。以下に記述されるように、現在利用可能なメチオニン−γ−リアーゼは、通常、細菌由来のタンパク質であり、ヒト治療への使用にはいくつかの課題が残る。本発明のある実施形態により、治療効果の増加のためのメチオニン−γ−リアーゼ活性を有する新規酵素が提示される。
本発明の組成物及び方法には、たとえば、異種ペプチドセグメントまたはポリマー(たとえば、ポリエチレングリコール等)との結合物の形成による、改善のために改変されたメチオニナーゼのさらなる修飾が含まれる。さらなる態様において、改変メチオニナーゼは、酵素の流体力学的半径を増加させ、それにより血清持続性を増加させるために、PEGに連結されていても良い。ある態様において、開示されるポリペプチドは、任意の標的剤(たとえば、腫瘍細胞上の外部受容体または結合部位に特異的に、及び安定的に結合する能力を有するリガンド等)に結合されていても良い(米国特許出願公開第2009/0304666号)。
本発明のある実施形態は、融合タンパク質に関する。これら分子は、異種ドメインに、N末端またはC末端で連結された改変ヒトメチオニナーゼを有していても良い。たとえば、融合物はまた、異種宿主中での組換えタンパク質の発現が行えるよう、他の種由来のリーダー配列を用いても良い。別の有用な融合物としては、好ましくは、当該融合タンパク質の精製を容易に行えるように開裂可能な、タンパク質アフィニティタグ(たとえば、血清アルブミンアフィニティタグまたは6ヒスチジン残基)、または、免疫学的に活性なドメイン(たとえば、抗体エピトープ)の付加が挙げられる。非限定的なアフィニティタグの例としては、ポリヒスチジン、キチン結合タンパク質(CBP)、マルトース結合タンパク質(MBP)、及び、グルタチオン−S−トランスフェラーゼ(GST)が挙げられる。
ある実施形態において、改変メチオニナーゼは、二官能性架橋試薬を用いて化学的に結合されても良く、または、タンパク質レベルでペプチドリンカーと融合されていても良い。
本発明のある態様において、改変メチオニナーゼのPEGに関連した方法及び組成物が開示される。たとえば、改変メチオニナーゼは、本明細書に開示される方法に従いPEG化されても良い。
ある実施形態において、本発明は、たとえば改変メチオニナーゼ等の少なくとも1つのタンパク質またはペプチドを含有する新規組成物に関する。これらペプチドは、上述の融合タンパク質で含有されていてもよく、または剤に結合されていても良い。
本発明のある態様において、改変メチオニナーゼまたは改変ヒトメチオニナーゼを含有する融合タンパク質をコードする核酸配列が開示されうる。どの発現系が用いられているかにより、核酸配列は、標準的な方法に基づき選択されても良い。たとえば、もし改変メチオニナーゼがヒトシスタチオナーゼ由来であり、及び、大腸菌ではまれにしか用いられない多重コドンを含有する場合、それらは発現に干渉する可能性がある。それゆえ、各遺伝子またはそれらの変異体は、大腸菌発現のためにコドン最適化されていても良い。また様々なベクターを用いて対象のタンパク質(たとえば改変メチオニナーゼ)を発現させても良い。例示的なベクターとしては、限定されないが、プラスミドベクター、ウイルスベクター、トランスポゾン、またはリポソームベースのベクターが挙げられる。
宿主細胞は、改変メチオニナーゼ及びそれらの結合物の発現及び分泌が可能となるよう形質転換されたものであっても良い。宿主細胞は、細菌、哺乳類細胞、酵母、または糸状菌であっても良い。様々な細菌としては、Escherichia及びBacillusが挙げられる。Saccharomyces、Kiuyveromyces、Hansenula、またはPichia属に属する酵母は、適切な宿主細胞としての用途が見出されている。様々な種類の糸状菌が発現宿主として用いられても良く、以下の属が挙げられる:Aspergillus、Trichoderma、Neurospora、Penicillium、Cephalosporium、Achlya、Podospora、Endothia、Mucor、Cochliobolus、及びPyricularia。
タンパク質精製技術は、当分野の当業者に公知である。これら技術は、あるレベルで、細胞、組織または器官の、ポリペプチド及び非ポリペプチド分画へのホモジナイゼーション及び粗分画化を含む。他で特定されない限り、部分精製または完全精製(または均質になるまでの精製)を得るために、対象のタンパク質またはポリペプチドはクロマトグラフィー法及び電気泳動法を用いてさらに精製されてもよい。純粋なペプチドの調製に特に適した解析方法は、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、ゲル排除クロマトグラフィー、ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動、アフィニティクロマトグラフィー、免疫アフィニティクロマトグラフィー、及び等電点電気泳動である。ペプチド精製の特に効率的な方法は、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(FPLC)、または、さらに高速の液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)である。
腫瘍細胞の増殖を阻害するために、最も好ましくは、局所進行性または転移性の癌を有する癌患者中の癌細胞を殺傷するために、新規メチオニナーゼが全身または局所に投与されうることが企図される。それらは、静脈内、髄腔内、及び/または腹腔内に投与されても良い。それらは単独で、または、抗増殖剤と組み合わせて投与されても良い。1つの実施形態において、それらは外科手術または他の治療の前に、患者の癌の量を減らすために投与される。あるいは、それらは、いずれの残留癌(たとえば、外科手術で排除しそこねた癌)も生き延びないことを確実にするために、外科手術後に投与されても良い。
ある実施形態において、本発明の組成物及び方法は、第二の、または追加の療法と組み合わせた改変メチオニナーゼの投与を含む。そのような療法は、メチオニン依存と関連した任意の疾患の治療に適用することができる。たとえば、当該疾患は、癌であっても良い。
広範な化学療法剤を、本実施形態に従い用いても良い。「化学療法」という用語は、癌を治療するための薬剤の使用を指す。「化学療法剤」は、癌の治療において投与される化合物または組成物を示すために用いられる。これらの剤または薬物は、細胞内でのその作用様式によりカテゴライズされ、たとえば、細胞サイクルに影響を与えるかどうか、及び、どのステージで細胞サイクルに影響を与えるか、などがある。あるいは、剤は、直接DNAに架橋する能力、DNA内に挿入される能力、または、核酸合成に影響を与えることにより染色体異常及び有糸分裂異常を引き起こす能力に基づき特徴付けられても良い。
DNA損傷を引き起こし、広く用いられている他の因子としては、ガンマ線、X線、及び/または腫瘍細胞への直接的な放射性同位体の送達として普遍的に知られているものが挙げられる。他の形態のDNA損傷因子もまた企図され、たとえば、マイクロ波、陽子線照射(米国特許第5,760,395号及び第4,870,287号)、及びUV照射がある。おそらく、これらすべての因子が、DNA、DNA前駆体、DNAの複製及び修復、ならびに、染色体のアセンブリ及び維持に対し、広範な損傷を与える。X線量の範囲は、長期間(3〜4週)に対しては50〜200レントゲンの1日量、単回投与は2000〜6000レントゲンの範囲である。放射性同位体量の範囲は、当該同位体の半減期、放出される放射線の強さ及びタイプ、ならびに、新生細胞による取り込みに依存し、広く変化する。
当業者であれば、本実施形態方法と組み合わせて、または併せて、免疫療法を用い得ることを理解するであろう。癌治療に関連し、免疫療法とは通常、癌細胞を標的とし、破壊するために、免疫エフェクター細胞及び分子を用いることに依るものである。リツキシマブ(RITUXAN(登録商標))はそのような例である。免疫エフェクターは、たとえば、腫瘍細胞の表面上のなんらかのマーカーに特異的な抗体であっても良い。抗体単独で治療のエフェクターとして供されても良く、または、実際に細胞殺傷作用を及ぼす他の細胞を動員しても良い。また抗体は、薬剤または毒素(化学療法剤、放射性核種、リシンA鎖、コレラ毒素、百日咳毒素等)に結合され、単なる標的化剤として供されても良い。あるいは、当該エフェクターは、腫瘍細胞標的と直接または間接のいずれかで相互作用する表面分子を担持するリンパ球であっても良い。様々なエフェクター細胞として、細胞傷害性T細胞及びNK細胞が挙げられる。
およそ60%の癌患者が何らかのタイプの外科手術(予防手術、診断手術または病期診断手術、治療的手術及び緩和手術が挙げられる)を受けている。治療的手術には、癌性組織のすべてまたは一部を物理的に除去、摘出及び/または破壊する切除術が含まれ、及び、他の療法(たとえば、本実施形態の治療、化学療法、放射線治療、ホルモン療法、遺伝子治療、免疫療法及び/または代替療法等)と併せて用いられても良い。腫瘍切除とは、腫瘍の少なくとも一部を物理的に除去することを指す。腫瘍の切除に加え、外科手術による治療には、レーザー外科手術、寒冷外科手術、電気外科手術、及び顕微鏡下手術(モース外科手術)が含まれる。
処置の治療効果を改善するために本実施形態のある態様と組み合わせて他の剤を用い得ることが企図される。これら追加の剤としては、細胞表面受容体及びGAPジャンクションの上方制御に影響を与える剤、細胞増殖抑制剤及び分化剤、細胞付着阻害剤、アポトーシス誘導物質への過増殖性細胞の感受性を増加させる剤、または、他の生物学的剤が挙げられる。GAPジャンクションの数を上昇させることによる細胞内シグナル伝達の増加は、近傍の過増殖性細胞群に対する抗過増殖効果を増加させる。他の実施形態において、細胞増殖抑制剤または分化剤は、処置の抗過増殖性を改善するために本実施形態のある態様と組み合わせて用いられても良い。細胞付着阻害剤は、本実施形態の有効性の改善が企図される。細胞付着阻害剤の例としては、焦点接着キナーゼ(FAK)阻害剤及びLovastatinである。アポトーシスに対する過増殖性細胞の感受性を増加させる他の剤(たとえば、抗体c225)を、治療有効性を改善するために本実施形態のある態様と組み合わせて用いられうることが企図される。
本発明のある態様において、たとえば治療用キット等のキットが開示されうる。たとえば、キットは、本明細書に開示される1以上の医薬組成物及び任意選択的にそれらの使用のための説明書を含有しても良い。また、キットは、そのような組成物の投与を成し得るためのデバイスを1以上含有しても良い。たとえば、主題のキットは、医薬組成物及び当該組成物の癌性腫瘍への直接的な静脈内注入を行うためのカテーテルを含有しても良い。他の実施形態において、主題のキットは、改変メチオニナーゼを前もって充填されたアンプル(任意選択的に、医薬用として処方され、または、送達用デバイスを用いた使用のために、凍結乾燥される)を含有しても良い。
以下の実施例は、本発明の好ましい実施形態を示すために含まれるものである。当業者であれば、以下の実施例に開示されている技術は、本発明の実施が上手く機能するよう本発明者らにより開発された技術を提示していることを認識し、ゆえに、その実施に対する好ましい様式を構成するとみなされうる。しかしながら、当業者は、本開示の観点から、開示される具体的な実施形態において、多くの変更が可能であること、及び、本発明の主旨及び範囲から逸脱することなく、良く似た、または類似の結果が得られることを認識するであろう。
CGLは、哺乳類の含硫基移動経路において最後の工程を触媒する四量体である(Rao et al., 1990)。CGLは、L−シスタチオニンのLシステイン、アルファ−ケト酪酸及びアンモニアへの転換を触媒する。ヒトCGL(hCGL)cDNAは従前にクローニング及び発現されているが、比較的低い収率であった(約5mg/L培養液)(Lu et al., 1992; Steegborn et al., 1999)。CGL、及びガイドとしてMGL酵素の配列及び構造アライメントを用いて、hCGLを、メチオニンを効率的に分解する酵素へと転換した。
ヒトシスタチオニン−γ−リアーゼ遺伝子は、滅多に大腸菌では用いられず、発現に干渉しうる多重コドンを含有している。ゆえに、大腸菌におけるタンパク質発現を最適化するために、各遺伝子を、DNA−Worksソフトウェアを用いて設計されたコドン最適化されたオリゴヌクレオチドを用いてアセンブリした(Hoover et al., 2002)。各構築物は、クローニングを単純化するための、N末端NcoI制限酵素部位、インフレームN末端His6タグ、及びC末端EcoRI部位を含有している。pET28aベクター(Novagen)へのクローニングの後、適切なシスタチオナーゼ発現ベクターを含有する大腸菌(BL21)を、Terrific Broth(TB)培地(50μg/mLのカナマイシンを含有)を用いて、37℃で、振とうフラスコ、250rpmにて、約0.5〜0.6のOD600に達するまで増殖させた。この時点で、培養を25℃での振とうに切り替え、0.5mM IPTGを用いて誘導させ、さらに12時間、タンパク質を発現させた。次いで、細胞沈殿物を遠心により回収し、IMAC緩衝液(10mM NaPO4/10mMイミダゾール/300mM NaCl、pH8)に再懸濁した。French圧力セルにより溶解させた後、溶解物を、4℃で20分間、20,000gで遠心し、得られた上清を、ニッケルIMACカラムへと入れ、10〜20カラム体積のIMAC緩衝液で洗浄し、次いで、IMAC溶出緩衝液(50mM NaPO4/250mMイミダゾール/300mM NaCl、pH8)で溶出させた。次いで、酵素を含有する分画を、25℃で1時間、10mM ピリドキサル−5´−リン酸(PLP)でインキュベートした。10,000MWCO遠心フィルターデバイス(AMICON(登録商標))を用いて、次いで、タンパク質を、100mM PBS、10%グリセロール、pH7.3溶液へと数回、緩衝液交換を行った。酵素の分注物を、次いで、液体窒素中で瞬間凍結させ、−80℃で保存した。この方法で精製したCGL及びCGL変異体は、95%超の均一性であった(SDS−PAGE及びクマシン染色により評価)。収率は、6Mグアニジン塩酸塩、20mMリン酸緩衝液、pH6.5の最終緩衝液濃度中、算出された吸光係数(λ280=29,870 M−1cm−1)に基づき、約400mg/L培養液であると算出された(Gill and von Hippel, 1989)。
MGL及びCGLの両方とも、それらの各基質から2−ケト酪酸を産生する。小ライブラリーをスクリーニングし、最も高いMETase(メチオニン−γ−リアーゼ)活性を有するクローンを順位付けするために、3−メチルベンゾチアゾリン−2−オン ヒドラゾン(MBTH)を用いた、α−ケト酸の検出に対する比色分析(Takakura et al., 2004)を96ウェルプレート形式に大きさを合わせた。このプレートスクリーニングにより、突然変異ライブラリーから最も活性のあるクローンを選択するための簡易な方法が提供される。元の対照よりも高い活性を示しているクローンをさらなる特徴解析に選択し、動的解析のために多くの変異体を精製する手間を省いた。
hCGL−E59N−R119L−E339V(hCGL−NLV)メチオニン分解酵素に対する遺伝子を、活性が改善されたさらなる変異体を作製するための開始物質として用いた。アミノ酸配列アライメントを、様々な生物体由来のMGL及びCGLの配列を用いて作製した。突然変異誘導に選択された領域は、すべてのMGL酵素が1つの保存残基を有しており、及び、すべてのCGL酵素が異なる保存残基を有していた、固有のアライメント部位で特定された。MGL及びCGLは高度に相同性のある構造を有しているが、互いの各基質を分解せず、ゆえに、MGLとCGLの間で系統発生学的に保存されたアミノ酸配列の差異は、各基質の分解に重要な残基を示唆している可能性がある。ライブラリーは、保存残基をコードする元のhCGL−NLV鋳型のコドン、または対応するMGL保存残基に対するコドンのいずれかを含有するオリゴヌクレオチドを用いた重複伸長PCRにより作製された。最終アセンブリPCR産物を、NcoI及びEcoRIを用いて消化し、T4 DNAリガーゼを有するpET28aベクターへとライゲーションされた。得られたライゲーション物を、直接大腸菌(BL21)へと形質転換し、実施例3に記述される次のスクリーニングのためにLB−カナマイシンプレートに播種した。ライブラリーの理論上の多様性(すなわち、当該ライブラリーによりコードされる、すべての可能性のある遺伝子配列)の2倍以上のコロニーをスクリーニングした。元のhCGL−NLV変異体よりも高い活性を示すクローンを単離し、活性改善に寄与した変異を特定するために配列解析を行った。上述の変異誘導の反復ラウンドにおいて、L−メチオニン分解活性が改善されていたクローンを鋳型として用いた。
実施例3及び4に記述される突然変異誘導とスクリーニングを数ラウンド行った後、元の3つの変異部位(すなわち、E59N−R119L−E339V)に加え、5つのアミノ酸の位置が、hCGL−NLVと比較した、メチオニン分解活性の改善に寄与していることが判明した。これらの追加の位置は、hCGL(配列番号1)の63、91、268、311、及び353残基の位置である(図1を参照)。59、119、及び339位の残基の変異と組み合わせて、これらの位置のうちの1以上のS63L、L91M、K268R、T311G、及びI353Sへの変異により、hCGL−NLVと比較し、L−メチオニン分解のkcat/KM値の改善がもたらされた。特に、
に相当するアミノ酸置換を含有する変異体は、最も高いL−メチオニン分解のkcat/KM値を示していた。これら変異体(hCGL−8mut−(1−4))は、95%を超える均一性にまで精製され(実施例2に記述されるSDS−PAGEにより評価)、及び、実施例3に記述されるものと類似の1mLスケールのMBTHアッセイを用いて、100mM PBS緩衝液(pH7.3)、37℃でのL−Met分解の能力に対し、動力学的に特徴解析がなされた。
メラノーマ細胞株A375ならびに前立腺癌細胞株DU145及びPC3に対するhCGL−8mut−1のin vitro細胞毒性を評価した。A375細胞に対しては、約3000細胞/ウェルで、96ウェル培養プレートのDMEM培地中に細胞を播種し、前立腺腫瘍細胞株に対してはRPMI−1640培地に細胞を播種し、様々な濃度の酵素で処理を行う前に、24時間、増殖させた。処置の5日後、(3−(4,5−ジメチルチアゾール−2−イル)−5−(3−カルボキシメトキシフェニル)−2−(4−スルホフェニル)−2H−テトラゾリウム(MTS)アッセイを用いて、増殖を測定した。A375に対して得られたデータの解析から、0.08μMの見かけ上のIC50値が、DU145に対しては0.21μMの見かけ上のIC50値が、及び、PC3前立腺腫瘍細胞に対しては0.25μMの見かけ上のIC50値が得られた(図2)。
hCGL−8mut−1酵素は、1つの例外(IMACカラムへの結合の後、タンパク質は、0.1%TRITON(登録商標)114を含有するIMAC緩衝液(90〜100カラム体積)を用いてしっかりと洗浄した)を除き、実施例2に記述されるように精製した。次いで、カラムを、10〜20カラム体積のIMAC緩衝液を用いて洗浄し、IMAC溶出緩衝液(50mM NaPO4/250mMイミダゾール/300mM NaCl、pH 8)を用いて溶出した。TRITON(登録商標)114を用いた洗浄は、エンドトキシン除去のために行われた。精製されたタンパク質は、10,000MWCOのろ過デバイス(Amicon)を用いて、100mM NaPO4緩衝液(pH8.3)への緩衝液交換に供された。続いて、PLPを、10mMの濃度で添加し、タンパク質を、1時間、25℃でインキュベートした。次いで、メトキシPEGスクシンイミジルカルボキシメチルエステル5000MW(JenKem Technology)を、80:1のモル比率でhCGL−8mut−1に加え、一定して攪拌しながら、1時間、25℃で反応させた。得られた混合物は、100,000MWCOのろ過デバイス(Amicon)を用いて、しっかりと緩衝液交換(10%グリセロールを伴うPBS)され、0.2ミクロンのシリンジフィルター(VWR)を用いて滅菌された。すべてのPEG化酵素は、Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL)キット(Cape Cod Incorporated)を用いて、リポ多糖(LPS)含量を解析された。
PEG化hCGL−8mut−1の血清安定性は、最終濃度10μMで、プールされたヒト血清中に当該酵素を37℃でインキュベートすることにより検証された。異なる時点で分注物を採取し、DTNBアッセイ(米国特許出願公開第2011/0200576号(参照によりその全体が本明細書に援用される)に記述されている)を用いて活性を検証した。データをプロットした後、PEG化hCGL−8mut−1は、101±4時間の半減期(T0.5)を有していると算出された(図3)。
マウスモデルにおける、上述の実施例4〜7で開示された改変ヒトメチオニン分解酵素のL−メチオニン除去における有効性を評価するために、3群(各3匹)を、通常食で飼育しながら、尾静脈注射により、50mg/kgのPEG−hCGL−8mut−1を投与した。血清採取のために、心静脈穿刺により8、24、48時間の時点で群を殺処分した。次いで、o−フタルアルデヒド(OPA)を用いた誘導体化により、血清サンプルをL−メチオニン含量に対して解析し、次いで、原則的に、Agilent Technologies(ワールドワイドウェブ、chem.agilent.com/Library/datasheets/Public/5980−3088.PDF)に記述されているように高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)を行った。PEG−hCGL−8mut−1を用いたこの投与スキームにより、15時間にわたり、5μM未満のレベルにまでL−メチオニンが枯渇された(図4)。対照的に、通常食のマウスにPEG化hCGL−NLV 200mg/kg投与しても、血清L−メチオニンは、4時間の間、約10μM程度までしか低下しなかった(図5)。
Claims (30)
- 配列番号1、7、8、9、および10から選択される一つの天然型霊長類CGLアミノ酸配列と比較して、(i)59位にIleまたはAsnを、(ii)119位にAlaまたはLeuを、および(iii)339位にValを有し、かつ
311位のGly、63位のLeu、91位のMet、268位のArg、および/または353位のSerから選択される少なくとも1つの置換を有する、
単離された、修飾された霊長類シスタチオニン−γ−リアーゼ(CGL)酵素。 - (i)59位のIle、63位のLeu、91位のMet、119位のAla、268位のArg、311位のGly、および353位のSerを含む;
(ii)59位のIle、63位のLeu、91位のMet、119位のLeu、268位のArg、311位のGly、および353位のSerを含む;
(iii)59位のAsn、63位のLeu、91位のMet、119位のAla、268位のArg、311位のGly、および353位のSerを含む;または
(iv)59位のAsn、63位のLeu、91位のMet、119位のLeu、268位のArg、311位のGly、および353位のSerを含む、請求項1に記載の酵素。 - 異種ペプチドセグメントをさらに含む、請求項1または2に記載の酵素。
- 前記異種ペプチドセグメントが、XTENペプチド、IgG Fc、アルブミン、またはアルブミン結合ペプチドである、請求項3に記載の酵素。
- ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)に連結されている、請求項1または2に記載の酵素。
- 1以上のLysまたはCys残基を介してPEGに連結されている、請求項5に記載の酵素。
- 請求項1または2に記載の酵素をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む核酸。
- 細菌、真菌、昆虫、または哺乳類での発現にコドン最適化されている、請求項7に記載の核酸。
- 請求項8に記載の核酸を含む発現ベクター。
- 請求項8に記載の核酸を含む宿主細胞。
- 細菌細胞、真菌細胞、昆虫細胞、または哺乳類細胞である、請求項10に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記細菌細胞が、ilvA及びmetA遺伝子の欠失を有する大腸菌(E. Coli)株である、請求項11に記載の宿主細胞。
- 請求項1もしくは2に記載の酵素または請求項7に記載の核酸を薬学的に許容される担体中に含む、医薬製剤。
- 腫瘍細胞または腫瘍細胞を有する対象を治療するための医薬の製造における、請求項1もしくは2に記載の酵素または請求項7に記載の核酸の使用。
- 前記対象が、メチオニン制限食で維持されている、請求項14に記載の使用。
- 前記対象が、通常食で維持されている、請求項14に記載の使用。
- 前記対象が、ヒト患者である、請求項14に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が、静脈内に、皮内に、動脈内に、腹腔内に、病巣内に、頭蓋内に、関節内に、前立腺内に、胸膜内に、気管内に、眼球内に、鼻腔内に、硝子体内に、膣内に、直腸内に、筋肉内に、皮下に、結膜下に、膀胱内に、経粘膜に、心膜内に、臍帯内に、経口で、吸入によって、注射によって、点滴によって、持続点滴によって、標的細胞を直接浸す局所かん流によって、カテーテルを介して、または洗浄液を介して投与される、請求項14に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が、前記腫瘍細胞の栄養培地に投与される、請求項14に記載の使用。
- 前記栄養培地が、血液、リンパ液、または髄液である、請求項19に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が、少なくとも第二の抗癌治療と組み合わせて前記対象に投与される、請求項14に記載の使用。
- 前記第二の抗癌治療が、外科治療、化学療法、放射線治療、寒冷療法、ホルモン療法、免疫療法またはサイトカイン療法である、請求項21に記載の使用。
- 対象における腫瘍細胞の治療における使用のための、請求項1もしくは2に記載の酵素または請求項7に記載の核酸を含む組成物。
- 前記酵素が、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)に連結されている、請求項23に記載の組成物。
- 前記核酸が、細菌、真菌、昆虫、または哺乳類での発現にコドン最適化されている、請求項23に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、腫瘍内、静脈内、皮内、動脈内、腹腔内、病巣内、頭蓋内、関節内、前立腺内、胸膜内、気管内、眼内、鼻腔内、硝子体内、膣内、直腸内、筋肉内、皮下、結膜下、膀胱内、経粘膜、心膜内、臍帯内、経口投与用に処方されている、請求項23に記載の組成物。
- 前記腫瘍細胞の栄養培地への投与用に処方されている、請求項23に記載の組成物。
- 前記栄養培地が、血液、リンパ液、または髄液である、請求項27に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも第二の抗癌治療をさらに含む、請求項23に記載の組成物。
- 前記第二の抗癌治療が、化学療法、ホルモン療法、免疫療法、またはサイトカイン療法である、請求項29に記載の組成物。
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CA2922550C (en) | 2022-12-06 |
KR102244750B1 (ko) | 2021-04-28 |
AU2014312159B2 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
ES2702120T3 (es) | 2019-02-27 |
US10233438B2 (en) | 2019-03-19 |
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CN105531371B (zh) | 2021-04-09 |
US20150064159A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
EP3039139A2 (en) | 2016-07-06 |
WO2015031726A3 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
CN105531371A (zh) | 2016-04-27 |
IL244261A0 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
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