JP6571075B2 - アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド介在性エクソンスキッピングを、それを必要とする対象の網膜において行うための方法 - Google Patents
アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド介在性エクソンスキッピングを、それを必要とする対象の網膜において行うための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド介在性エクソンスキッピングを、それを必要とする対象の網膜において行うための方法に関する。
ヒトゲノムは、タンパク質をコードする遺伝子20,000〜25,000個からなるが、各遺伝子から発生された複数のRNAアイソフォームの結果として、mRNA配列及びコードされるタンパク質のレパートリーは、はるかに大きい。RNA転写物の多様性は、いくつかのメカニズムから進展するが、RNAの選択的スプライシングは、高等真核生物における表現型多様性を推進する主要な要因に相当する。実際にスプライシング事象は、高度に普及しており、全ての多エクソン遺伝子の95%について起こると推定されている。観察されるRNA選択的スプライシングには数多くの様式があるが、そのうち最もよく見られるものは、エクソンスキッピングである。この様式では、一部の条件下又は特定の組織において特定のエクソンがmRNA中に含まれる場合もあれば、他ではmRNAから除外される場合もある。大多数のスプライシング事象は、コードされるタンパク質を変更するが、半数超がmRNAのリーディングフレームをシフトさせる。よく見られる遺伝的変異体は、選択的スプライシングにおける変化を「正常な」生理学的範囲内に収めることができる。しかし、スプライシングにおける異常な変動が、大部分のヒト遺伝障害において、特に網膜疾患において意味づけられており、遺伝要素を有する疾患の最大50%超がスプライシング突然変異を伴う。コドンの位相シフトが中途終止シグナルを導入するならば、異所性スプライシングを引き起こす突然変異は、典型的には、非機能性タンパク質又はナンセンス介在性RNA崩壊を招く。
本発明者らは、今回驚くことにアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドの硝子体内注射を用いて網膜におけるアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド介在性エクソンスキッピングを行うことが可能であると実証することによって、これらの偏見及び限界を克服する。結果は、予備的であるものの、光受容器細胞を含む全ての網膜細胞層の核内プレmRNAのスプライシングを改変するためにこの戦略を使用するという概念実証に最初で高度に説得力のある根拠を提供している。したがって、本発明は、特許請求の範囲によって定義される。
定義:
本明細書に使用される用語「前駆mRNA」又は「プレmRNA」は、1つ以上の介在配列(イントロン)を含有するメッセンジャーリボ核酸(mRNA)の未熟1本鎖を表す。プレmRNAは、細胞核内のDNAテンプレートからRNAポリメラーゼによって転写され、イントロン及びコード領域(エクソン)の交互配列からなる。イントロンが除去され(splicing out)、エクソンが結合されることによってプレmRNAが完全にプロセシングされた後、それは、エクソンのみからなるRNAである「メッセンジャーRNA」又は「mRNA」と呼ばれる。真核生物プレmRNAは、mRNAに完全にプロセシングされる前に一過性にだけ存在する。プレmRNAがmRNA配列に適正にプロセシングされたとき、プレmRNAは核から搬出され、最終的に細胞質中のリボソームによってタンパク質に翻訳される。
本発明は、アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド介在性エクソンスキッピングを、それを必要とする対象の網膜細胞において行うための方法であって、ある量のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを対象の硝子体内に注射する段階を含む方法に関する。
ここで、本発明者らは、所与の網膜細胞型の機能及び/又は生存に重要な遺伝子においてスプライシングを改変及び/又は中途終止を生成する突然変異による網膜疾患を患う患者を処置する新しい方法を説明する。該方法は、網膜表面全体に到達するための、及び突然変異が遺伝性網膜疾患を引き起こす遺伝子からのプレmRNAをターゲティングするための、安定化されたアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドの硝子体内注射によって、ヌクレオチド配列をスキッピングすることにある。
− CEP290:本遺伝子は、エクソン54個にまたがり、290kDaの中心体タンパク質をコードする7.9kb mRNAとして転写される。網膜において、該遺伝子は、少なくとも神経節細胞層、内顆粒層及び光受容細胞層に発現される(Baye et al., 2011)。光受容細胞に関して、該タンパク質は、内節と外節との間の分子輸送を可能にする結合繊毛の構造及び機能を維持することに重要な役割を果たす。CEP290は、最も早期で最も重症の網膜ジストロフィーであるレーバー先天黒内障に関与することが最も多い(Perrault et al., 2007)。
− ABCA4:本遺伝子は、エクソン50個にあり、分子量256kDaを有するタンパク質をコードする7.3kbのメッセンジャーに転写される。ABCA4の発現は光受容細胞(杆体及び錐体)に限られる。最もよく見られる黄斑ジストロフィーであるシュタルガルト病は、光受容器ATP結合カセット(ABC)輸送体であるABCA4をコードする遺伝子における突然変異によって引き起こされる。該タンパク質は、光励起後の光受容器からの潜在的に毒性のレチナール化合物の除去を促進するフリッパーゼとして介在する(Molday et al., 2004)。
− TMEM126A:エクソン5個にある本遺伝子は、21.5kDaの膜貫通ミトコンドリアタンパク質をコードする0.7kbメッセンジャーに転写される。網膜において、TMEM126Aは、ミトコンドリア中に特に濃縮されている神経節細胞層、視神経乳頭、内顆粒層、及び外網状層に強く発現される。これまでのところ、TMEM126Aの機能は未知であるが、その変化は、視神経線維の変性によって特徴付けられる常染色体劣性視神経症の原因である(Hanein et al., 2013)。
− GRM6:代謝型グルタミン酸受容体6遺伝子は、10個のエクソンを含有し、95.5kDaと予想される分子量を有するタンパク質をコードする6kbのメッセンジャーに転写される。GRM6の局在は、双極細胞のシナプス後終末に限定される。このグルタミン酸受容体は、光受容器から隣接する双極細胞へのシグナル伝達に関与し、その破壊は先天性停止性夜盲に至る(Maddox et al., 2008)。
材料及び方法
Cep290エクソン23及びエクソン36のスキッピングに対するターゲット配列の同定。Cep290プレmRNAのエクソン23及びエクソン36並びにそれらの周辺イントロン配列(スプライス部位)内からターゲティング可能な配列を見つけるためのバイオインフォマティクス解析を、http://mfold.rna.albany.edu/及びhttp://rulai.cshl.edu/cgi-bin/tools/ESE3/esefinder.cgiを使用して実現した。
治療用AONの単回硝子体内注射の安全性及び有効性の評価
ヒト突然変異型イントロン26(c.2991+1655A>G)を有するトランスジェニックマウス系統がまだ入手できないことを考慮して、本発明者らは、AON配列を設計して野生型マウスエクソンをスキップした。本発明者らは、それぞれエクソン23及びエクソン36をスキップすることを選択した。エクソン23のスキッピングは、リーディングフレームの移動及び安定ならば切断型タンパク質の産生を招くと予想される(図1A)。対照的に、エクソン36のスキッピングは、リーディングフレームを保存すると予想される(図1B)。
硝子体内注射後のスキッピング効率を判断するために、本発明者らは、蛍光標識m23D AONを使用した。AON 10nmolを8週齢C57BL/6Jマウスの左眼の硝子体内に注射した。注射の2、6及び10日後に動物を屠殺し、注射された(左)眼及び注射されていない(右)眼の両方を解剖して視神経網膜を単離した。処置された網膜及び未処置の網膜からメッセンジャーRNAを調製した。野生型及び改変型Cep290転写物の両方を増幅することができるプライマーを使用してRT−PCRを行い、一方で、エクソン23を欠如する野生型mRNA及び突然変異型転写物に特異的なプライマーを使用してRT−qPCRを行った。RT−PCR産物のアガロース電気泳動分析から、注射されていない眼とは対照的に、2、6及び10日処置された眼は、野生型産物に加えてサイズのより小さな産物を表したことが示された(図3A)。サンガー配列決定から、両方の産物(野生型mRNA及びエクソン23を欠如する突然変異型mRNA)の同一性が確認された。
材料及び方法
Abca4エクソン10のスキッピングに対するターゲット配列の同定。http://mfold.rna.albany.edu/及びhttp://rulai.cshl.edu/cgi-bin/tools/ESE3/esefinder.cgiを使用して、Abca4プレmRNAのエクソン10及びそれらの周辺イントロン配列(スプライス部位)内のターゲティング可能な配列を見出すためのバイオインフォマティクス解析を実現した。
マウス光受容器におけるAbca4 mRNAに対するAON誘導型改変
本発明者らは、光受容器特異的Abca4遺伝子のプレmRNAのスプライシングを妨害するために2’−OMePS AONを設計した(Molday et al., 2000)。mfoldソフトウェア及びESEfinderプログラムを使用して(詳細についてはGerard et al., 2012参照)、本発明者らは、エクソン10をターゲティングするAONを設計した。研究所で光受容細胞系統が入手できないので、本発明者らは、予めインビトロ検証を行わずにC57BL/6Jマウスの左眼の硝子体内に2’−OMePS AON 10nmolを硝子体内注射することに着手した。注射の2、6及び10日後にマウスを屠殺し、注射された眼及び注射されていない眼の両方の網膜を前記のように調製した。それぞれエクソン9(フォワード)及びエクソン11(リバース)において設計されたプライマーを使用したRT−PCR分析によってスキッピングを分析した。アガロースゲル電気泳動によって、全ての処置後の眼においてスキッピングの成功が裏付けられ、未処置の眼に不在のより短いPCR産物が出現していた(図5)。そのことをサンガー配列決定によって確認した。
本出願にわたり、本発明が属する技術分野の現状を様々な参考文献が説明している。これらの参考文献の開示は、本開示の参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
Claims (17)
- アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド介在性エクソンスキッピングを、それを必要とする対象の光受容細胞において硝子体内注射により行うための配列番号25、配列番号30又は配列番号31からなる配列を含む、裸のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを含む医薬組成物であって、
対象は、光受容細胞の機能及び/又は生存に重要な遺伝子において、スプライシングを改変し、及び/又は中途終止を生成する突然変異により引き起こされる網膜疾患を患っており、
裸のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドは、対象の光受容細胞内で、突然変異が網膜疾患を引き起こす遺伝子からのプレmRNAにおけるアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド介在性エクソンスキッピングを行う、
医薬組成物。 - 網膜疾患が、網膜変性疾患又は網膜停止性疾患である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 網膜疾患が、色素性網膜炎、加齢黄斑変性、錐体杆体ジストロフィー、レーバー先天黒内障、シュタルガルト病からなる群より選択される、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 網膜疾患が、c.2991+1655 A>G突然変異に関連するレーバー先天黒内障である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 裸のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが、オリゴデオキシリボヌクレオチド、オリゴリボヌクレオチド、ロックド核酸(LNA)オリゴヌクレオチド、モルホリノオリゴヌクレオチド、トリシクロ−DNA−アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド、U7−又はU1−介在性アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド、それらのコンジュゲート産物、例えばペプチドコンジュゲーション型、ナノパーティクル複合型アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド、2’−O−Me RNA/ENAキメラオリゴヌクレオチド、及び2’−O−メチル−ホスホロチオアートオリゴヌクレオチドからなる群より選択される、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 疾患が、シュタルガルト病であり、そして裸のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号:25である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 網膜疾患が、レーバー先天黒内障であり、そしてアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド介在性エクソンスキッピングが、Cep290プレmRNAのエクソン36で行われる、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 網膜疾患が、レーバー先天黒内障であり、そして裸のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号30又は配列番号31からなる配列を含む、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 光受容細胞の機能及び/又は生存に重要な遺伝子において、スプライシングを改変し、及び/又は中途停止を生成する突然変異により引き起こされる網膜疾患のそれを必要とする対象における処置のための配列番号25、配列番号30又は配列番号31からなる配列を含む裸のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを含む医薬組成物であって、
ある量の裸のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを、対象の硝子体内に注射する工程を含み、
ここで、裸のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドは、対象の光受容細胞内で、突然変異が網膜疾患を引き起こす遺伝子からのプレmRNAにおいてアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド介在性エクソンスキッピングを行う、
医薬組成物。 - 裸のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが、対象の光受容細胞の核内でアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド介在性エクソンスキッピングを行うために使用される、請求項9記載の医薬組成物。
- 網膜疾患が、網膜変性又は網膜停止性疾患である、請求項9記載の医薬組成物。
- 網膜疾患が、色素性網膜炎、加齢黄斑変性、錐体杆体ジストロフィー、レーバー先天黒内障、シュタルガルト病からなる群より選択される、請求項9記載の医薬組成物。
- 網膜疾患が、c.2991+1655 A>G突然変異に関連するレーバー先天黒内障である、請求項9記載の医薬組成物。
- 裸のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが、オリゴデオキシリボヌクレオチド、オリゴリボヌクレオチド、ロックド核酸(LNA)オリゴヌクレオチド、モルホリノオリゴヌクレオチド、トリシクロ−DNA−アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド、U7−又はU1介在性アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド、ペプチドコンジュゲーション型、ナノパーティクル複合型アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド、2’−O−Me RNA/ENAキメラオリゴヌクレオチド、及び2’−O−メチル−ホスホロチオアートオリゴヌクレオチドからなる群より選択される、請求項9記載の医薬組成物。
- 網膜疾患が、シュタルガルト病であり、そして裸のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号25である、請求項9記載の医薬組成物。
- 網膜疾患が、レーバー先天黒内障であり、そしてアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド介在性エクソンスキッピングが、Cep290プレmRNAのエクソン36で行われる、請求項9記載の医薬組成物。
- 網膜疾患が、レーバー先天黒内障であり、そして裸のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号30又は配列番号31からなる配列を含む、請求項9記載の医薬組成物。
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EP3555291A1 (en) | 2016-12-13 | 2019-10-23 | Stichting Katholieke Universiteit | Antisense oligonucleotides for the treatment of stargardt disease |
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EP3824086A1 (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2021-05-26 | Stichting Katholieke Universiteit | Antisense oligonucleotides rescue aberrant splicing of abca4 |
WO2020037415A1 (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2020-02-27 | Deep Genomics Incorporated | Therapeutic splice-switching oligonucleotides |
US11416850B1 (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2022-08-16 | United Services Automobile Association (Usaa) | Peer to peer navigation system and method |
AU2020215232A1 (en) | 2019-01-28 | 2021-08-26 | Proqr Therapeutics Ii B.V. | RNA-editing oligonucleotides for the treatment of usher syndrome |
AU2020214704A1 (en) | 2019-01-28 | 2021-08-26 | Proqr Therapeutics Ii B.V. | Antisense oligonucleotides for the treatment of leber's congenital amaurosis |
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US11739324B2 (en) | 2019-06-25 | 2023-08-29 | Stichting Katholieke Universiteit | Antisense oligonucleotides rescue aberrant splicing of ABCA4 |
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