JP6568068B2 - 一方向強化材、一方向強化材の製造方法、及びそれらの使用 - Google Patents
一方向強化材、一方向強化材の製造方法、及びそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6568068B2 JP6568068B2 JP2016533029A JP2016533029A JP6568068B2 JP 6568068 B2 JP6568068 B2 JP 6568068B2 JP 2016533029 A JP2016533029 A JP 2016533029A JP 2016533029 A JP2016533029 A JP 2016533029A JP 6568068 B2 JP6568068 B2 JP 6568068B2
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Classifications
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- D04H3/12—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
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- B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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- B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Description
a)一方向強化材は、基本的に、粉末接着形状で、一般的に、特に横方向に、非常に限られた樹脂の浸透性を有しており、ゆえに、長さのある対象物の生産は非常に挑戦的である。
b)従来技術の示す樹脂のための長手方向の流路により浸透性が改善された場合、強化材は横方向安定度を失う。
c)樹脂のための流路を確保することを狙って、一方向強化材の間及び一方向強化材に対し横方向に配置された、横方向の太い撚った多繊維は、ロービングを互いに離しすぎてしまい微小亀裂の恐れが大きくなり、減圧で多繊維が圧縮されてより効果のない直径、すなわちZ方向厚さとなる。
d)平坦になった横方向の糸は、樹脂がこれらの流路内を流れるのを妨げる。
e)一方向ロービングの長繊維間の気泡又は乾燥領域が、強化材積層体内に残りやすく、真空注入でも除去することができず、最終製品の強度をより更に著しく低下させることがある。
f)熱可塑性コーティング及びホットメルト接着剤は、注入に用いられる樹脂と少なくとも局所的に対立する。
a)連続ロービングを、2つの長手方向縁部、上面及び下面を有する少なくとも1枚のシート内に一方向に並べて配置する工程。
b)細い分離した流路形成手段を、少なくとも1枚のシートの上面及び下面の少なくとも1つの上の連続一方向ロービング上に、一方向ロービングの方向に対し横方向に配置する工程。
c)追加の糸を、細い分離した流路形成手段の上及び横方向に、並びにロービング上に、配置する工程であって、各々の追加の糸は、上に配置した細い分離した流路形成手段を有する少なくとも1枚のシートの1つの面上に延びる工程。
d)工程a)の後に、少なくとも1枚のシートの上に熱可塑性及び/又は熱硬化性バインダーを塗布する工程。
e)工程d)の後に、2つの長手方向縁部、上面及び下面を有する一方向強化材を形成するために、ロービングを一体に接着するためのバインダーの反応を促進する工程。
f)細い分離した流路形成手段を、工程e)又は工程e)の後の別個の工程のいずれかで、連続一方向ロービング上に接着する工程。
g)追加の糸を、工程f)でロービング上に、又は工程f)の後の別個の工程でロービング上及び細い分離した流路形成手段上に、細い分離した流路形成手段と一体に接着する工程。
・編み目及び横方向の結合糸は、バインダーシステムにより置き換えられて、編み目により生じる有害なよじれは避けられる。
・強化繊維が真っ直ぐなままに留まるため、強化材の強度特性は向上する。
・生産速度は、縫製機械により制限されない。
・一方向強化材の樹脂に対する浸透性は、良好な樹脂の流動を促進するようなレベルに向上する。
・製品の浸潤と同時に、実際に、一方向長繊維間の気泡又は乾燥領域が含浸後に製品内に残らないように、残っている空気が製品から排出される。
・横方向に樹脂が進む距離は、実施した実験では、編んだ一方向強化材と比較して少なくとも2.5倍、及び編んでいない一方向強化材と比較するとそれ以上に、相当に増加する。
・含浸のために必要な時間は、実施した実験では、従来技術の強化材で必要な時間の少なくとも6分の1にと、相当に短縮される。
・編んだ構造体の欠点は最小化される。
・最終製品は、優れた強度及び疲労特性を有する。
・マトリックスとの化学的擾乱に関係する欠点は最小化される。
・充分な横方向安定度を達成するために特定の横方向強化繊維又は結合糸を用いる必要がない。
・粉末接着された一方向強化材は、強化材積層体が凹形の成形型内に配置された時でさえも柔軟性が低減しているので、成形型内に平らに配置することができる。この特性は、折り目の形成、又は強化材ロービングの局所的領域が積層体内部に小さな湾曲曲がりを形成する恐れを大幅に低減する。
・粉末接着による形成により、局所的折り目及びよじれが防止されるので、この強化材は炭素繊維ベースの積層体に特に適している。理由は、局所的折り目及びよじれは炭素繊維積層体の圧縮強度特性を劇的に低減させるだろうということである。
・細い分離した流路形成手段が、細い分離した流路形成手段の横方向に延びる糸により強化材の面上に固定され、強化材及び強化材でできた最終製品の両方の高品質が確保される。
Claims (18)
- 閉型成形法による繊維強化複合体の製造のための一方向強化材であって、前記一方向強化材(2、4、34)は、前記一方向強化材の長手方向に配置され、熱可塑性及び/又は熱硬化性バインダーにより互いに接着された連続した一方向ロービングを含み、前記一方向強化材(34)は、2つの長手方向縁部、上面、及び下面、並びに前記一方向強化材の前記上面及び前記下面のうちの少なくとも1つの上に配置され前記一方向ロービングの前記方向に対し横方向に延びた連続部材を有する、一方向強化材であって、
前記連続部材は、前記強化材(2、4、34)の前記上面及び前記下面のうちの少なくとも1つの上に前記一方向ロービングに対し横方向に配置された、樹脂のための流路を形成するための、細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)であり、前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)は、前記一方向強化材(2、4、34)の前記長手方向縁部の1つから反対側の前記長手方向縁部に延びる横方向の流路(10)を、両側面に形成する、したがって前記一方向強化材(2、4、34)の積層体を浸潤する際に前記一方向強化材(2、4、34)への樹脂の注入を促進するための手段であり、
前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)は、前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)上を横方向に延びる追加の糸(42、46)により前記一方向ロービング上に固定され、各々の前記追加の糸(42、46)は、前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)を上に配置されて有する前記一方向強化材のそうした1つの表面上に連続して留まり、前記追加の糸(42、46)は、少なくとも前記一方向ロービングに接着により結合していることを特徴とする一方向強化材。 - 前記追加の糸(42、46)は、前記一方向ロービングに熱可塑性及び/又は熱硬化性バインダーにより接着されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の一方向強化材。
- 前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)は単繊維であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の一方向強化材。
- 前記追加の糸(42、46)は、前記追加の糸(42、46)を前記一方向ロービング上に固定するための熱可塑性及び/又は熱硬化性バインダーを備えていることを特徴とする、請求項1、2、又は3に記載の一方向強化材。
- 前記追加の糸(42、46)は、互いの横方向の距離を5mm〜70mmに配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の一方向強化材。
- 前記追加の糸(42、46)は、ガラス繊維、ポリエステル繊維、ポリアミド繊維、ポリエーテル繊維、天然繊維、改善された天然繊維、金属繊維、アラミド繊維、若しくは炭素繊維、若しくは前記一方向ロービングと同じ材料、又はそれらの任意の組合せであることを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の一方向強化材。
- 前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6)は、配置された前記1つの表面上で平行で、前記一方向強化材(2、4、34)上に2mm〜50mmの間隔で配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の一方向強化材。
- 前記一方向ロービングは、人工繊維若しくは天然繊維、すなわちガラス、炭素、アラミド、玄武岩、ケナフ、サイザル、亜麻、麻、黄麻、及び亜麻布のような繊維、又はこれらの任意の組合せのいずれかであることを特徴とする、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の一方向強化材。
- 前記熱可塑性及び/又は熱硬化性バインダーは、乾燥粉末、分散液、若しくは溶液、又は低粘性にするために加熱された形態であることを特徴とする、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の一方向強化材。
- 前記一方向強化材は、厚さ方向、すなわち前記一方向強化材のZ方向に樹脂流動を促進するための手段(128、138)を更に含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の一方向強化材。
- 閉型成形法により、繊維強化複合体の製造のための一方向強化材を生産する方法であって、
a)連続したロービングを、2つの長手方向縁部、上面及び下面を有する少なくとも1枚のシート(20、122’、122”)内に一方向に並べて配置する工程と、
b)細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)を、前記少なくとも1枚のシート(20、122’、122”)の前記上面及び前記下面のうちの少なくとも1つの上の前記連続した一方向ロービング上に、前記一方向ロービングの前記方向に対し横方向に配置する(26で)工程と、
c)追加の糸(42、46)を、前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)の上及び横方向に、並びに前記ロービング上に、各々の前記追加の糸を上に配置した前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)を有する前記少なくとも1枚のシート(20、122’、122”)の1つの面上に延びて配置する工程と、
d)工程a)の後に、前記少なくとも1枚のシート(20、122’、122”)の上に熱可塑性及び/又は熱硬化性バインダーを塗る(24)工程と、
e)2つの長手方向縁部、上面及び下面を有するように一方向強化材(34)を形成するために、前記ロービングを一体に接着するための前記バインダーの反応を促進する工程と、
f)前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)を、工程e)又は工程e)の後の別個の工程のいずれかで、前記連続した一方向ロービング上に接着する(28)工程と、
g)前記追加の糸(42、46)を、工程f)で前記一方向ロービング上に、又は工程f)の後の別個の工程で、前記一方向ロービング上及び前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)上に、前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)と一体に接着する工程と、を特徴とする、方法。 - 工程a)で、
(1)少なくとも2枚のシート(122’、122”)内に連続したロービングを一方向に配置することと、
(2)前記シート(122’、122”)間に垂直の間隙を残すことにより、前記シート(122’、122”)を垂直方向に離して保つことと、を特徴とする、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)はバインダーを含む外側の層を備えること、又は前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)は2成分の形成手段であること、並びに前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)及び前記追加の糸(42、46)の両方は前記連続した一方向ロービング上に前記バインダーの反応を促進することにより工程e)で接着されることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)を、工程e)の後に配置すること、並びに前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)及び前記追加の糸(42、46)を前記ロービングに前記バインダーの反応を再度促進することにより接着することを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)を、工程e)の後に配置すること、並びに前記細い分離した流路形成手段(6、40)及び前記追加の糸(42、46)を前記ロービングに、追加のバインダーを用いること及び反応を促進することにより接着することを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の方法。
- バインダーの前記反応促進は、前記バインダーを融解すること、溶媒を噴霧すること、及び前記バインダーから溶媒を蒸発させることのうちの少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 風力タービンブレードのスパーキャップを製造する方法であって、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の一方向強化材を用いることを特徴とする方法。
- 一軸若しくは多軸のプリフォーム又は強化材製品を製造する方法であって、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の一方向強化材を用いることを特徴とする方法。
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