JP6568061B2 - 改変藻類株及び同株を用いるトリアシルグリセロール蓄積の方法 - Google Patents
改変藻類株及び同株を用いるトリアシルグリセロール蓄積の方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6568061B2 JP6568061B2 JP2016526723A JP2016526723A JP6568061B2 JP 6568061 B2 JP6568061 B2 JP 6568061B2 JP 2016526723 A JP2016526723 A JP 2016526723A JP 2016526723 A JP2016526723 A JP 2016526723A JP 6568061 B2 JP6568061 B2 JP 6568061B2
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Classifications
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- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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Description
−ホモサピエンス(CAD2731)/シロイヌナズナ(Arabidopsis thaliana)(ABM06019):同一性26.8%、類似性41.5%
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−シロイヌナズナ(ABM06019)/フェオダクチラム・トリコルヌタム(XP_002183583):同一性26%、類似性42.6%
−シロイヌナズナ(ABM06019)/タラシオシラ・シュードナナ(XP_002294083)不完全配列:同一性20%、類似性29.1%
−フェオダクチラム・トリコルヌタム(XP_002183583)/タラシオシラ・シュードナナ(XP_002294083)不完全配列:同一性30.9%、類似性41.2%
−サイレンシング構築物をもつ原生生物は、窒素含有成長培地(ESAWなど)(「窒素強化培地」とも呼ばれる、0.05g/Lの硝酸ナトリウム、NaNO3又は0.034g/LのN元素など)又は窒素枯渇培地(窒素無添加)中で、野生型の非形質転換細胞と比べて多くの油を含有する;
−サイレンシング構築物をもつ原生生物は野生型の非形質転換細胞と比べて多くの油を含有する;
−サイレンシング構築物をもつ原生生物は野生型の非形質転換細胞と比べて早く油を蓄積する;
−油の蓄積は増殖の初期対数期に起こる;
−油の蓄積は増殖の遅延と相関しない。
1.材料及び方法
フェオダクチラム・トリコルヌタム株及び増殖条件
フェオダクチラム・トリコルヌタム(Pt1)Bohlin株8.6CCMP2561(海洋植物プランクトンカルチャーコレクション、現在ではNCMA:国立海洋藻類及びミクロビオームセンターとして知られる)を全ての実験で使用した(Berges JA et al., 2001, J Phycol 37: 1138-1 145)。Pt1は強化人工海水(ESAW)培地を用いて20℃にて250mLフラスコで育てた。細胞は12:12光(450μE-1秒-1)/暗サイクルで培養した。前培養の1/5を用いて新鮮培地に播種することによって細胞を毎週継代培養した。窒素欠乏N(−)培地は窒素源を含有しなかった。窒素豊富N(+)培地は0.05g/L NaNO3を含有した。
フェオダクチラム・トリコルヌタムPt1株からゲノムDNAを以下の手順で抽出した:100mgの新鮮なPt細胞を液体窒素中で急速に冷凍し、400μlの抽出バッファー(200mM トリスHCl、pH7.5;250mM NaCl;25mM EDTA;0.5%重量/体積 SDS)中でホモジナイゼーションした。10,000×gで5分間遠心分離した後、上澄みを同量のイソプロパノールに移してDNAを沈殿させた。10,000×gでさらに15分間遠心分離した後、ペレットを70%エタノールで洗浄し、乾燥して水に溶かした。DNA濃度を、ナノドロップ2000分光光度計(サーモサイエンティフィック社)を用いて測定し、DNAの質をアガロースゲルでの電気泳動でチェックした。ゲノムDNAを基材(matrix)として用いて、XM002183547(Pt CGI.58ホモログ)から設計した、EcoRI及びXbal制限酵素切断部位(下線配列)をそれぞれもつ以下のプライマーを用いるポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)によって436pbの配列を増幅した:Pt.CGI−58.AS.F TCGAATTCTTGCAGGGTCGTCTGATGTA、Pt.CGI−58.AS.R CTAGATCTAGATGGCCCGACTTACTCACT。PCRは、Phusionハイフィデリティーポリメラーゼ(サーモサイエンティフィック社)を用いてS1000(商標)サーマルサイクラー(バイオ・ラッド・ラボラトリー社)で製造業者の取扱説明書に従って行なった。PCR産物をEcoRI及びXbaIで切り、精製し、線形化した発現ベクターにクローニングした。
1,550psi(約10,687,250パスカル)ラプチャーディスクを備え付けた微粒子銃PDS−1000/ヘリウムパーティクルデリバリーシステム(バイオ・ラッド、ハーキュリーズ、カリフォルニア州、アメリカ合衆国)を用いて微粒子銃(micro-particle bombardment)で以前に記載の通り(Falciatore A et al., 1999, Mar Biotechnol (NY) 1:239-251)、ベクターをP.トリコルヌタムに導入した。タングステン粒子(M−17)をPvuIIで予め線形化した1μgのプラスミドDNAでCaCl2及びスペルミジンの存在下で被覆した。粒子を当てる1時間前に、約5.107細胞を、20mlの固形培養培地(ESAW培地、寒天1%)の入ったプレートの中央に播いた。粒子を当てるためにプレートを微粒子銃チャンバー内の二段目に置いた。次に、粒子を当てた細胞を48時間回復させた後、1mLのESAW培地に懸濁した。500μlのこの懸濁液を75μg/mLのゼオシンを含有する固形培地に播いた。20℃にて白色光で2〜4週間インキュベーションした後(175pmol m-2.s-1;12時間光周期)、個々の耐性コロニーを集め、75μg.mL-1のゼオシンを補充した新鮮なESAW寒天プレートにストリークし、さらなる分析のために液体ESAW培地に播いた。フェオダクチラム・トリコルヌタム中のトランスジーンの存在は、最終的に耐性コロニーのゲノムDNAを用いるPCR増幅によって確認した。
Miyahara et al (2013) Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem, 77: 120936-1-3に記載の方法に従って、多重パルスを用いたエレクトロポーレーションによってベクトルをP.トリコルヌタムに導入した。多重パルスを用いる他のエレクトロポーレーション方法を用いることができる。
以前に記載されたように(Cooksey KE et al, 1987, J. Microbiol. Meth. 6:333-345)、ナイルレッド(シグマアルドリッチ)蛍光染色(485nmの励起波長;525nmの蛍光)で油滴の蓄積をモニターした。手短に説明すると、細胞を希釈し、ナイルレッド蛍光と線形的に相関する細胞密度に調整した。ナイルレッド溶液(40μlの100%DMSO中2.5μg/mLの原液濃度)を160μlの細胞懸濁液に加えた。ナイルレッド蛍光強度を細胞の数で割ることによって特異的蛍光を決定した。次に、ナイルレッドで染色された油体を、ツァイスAxioScope.A1顕微鏡(FITCフィルター;488nmの励起波長;519nmの蛍光)を用いて可視化した。
脂質分解を防ぐためにDomergue F et al., 2003, Plant Physiol 131: 1648-1660に従って200mgの凍結乾燥したフェオダクチラム・トリコルヌタム細胞からトリアシルグリセロールを抽出した。手短に説明すると、細胞を採取直後に液体窒素中で凍らせた。凍結乾燥した細胞ペレットを4mLの沸騰エタノールで5分間再懸濁し、その後2mLのメタノール及び8mLのクロロホルムを室温で加えた。次に、混合物をアルゴンで飽和し、室温で1時間撹拌した。グラスウールを通して濾過した後、3mLの2:1(体積/体積)のクロロホルム/メタノールで残った細胞を洗った。二相形成を起こすために、次に5mLの1%NaClを濾過液に加えた。クロロホルム相をアルゴン下で乾燥した後、純クロロホルムに脂質抽出物を再溶解した。TAGを単離するために、脂質をヘキサン:ジエチルエーテル:酢酸(70:30:1、体積/体積)を用いてシリカゲル薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)プレート(メルク)にかけた。次に、メタノール中2%での8−アニリノ−1−ナフタレンスルホン酸の粉砕後、脂質をUV下で可視化した。次にさらなる分析のために、それら脂質をTLCプレートから削り落とした。TAGのアシルプロフィリング及び定量のために、脂肪酸をメタノール中の3mLの2.5%H2SO4を用いて100℃で1時間メチル化した(21:0の標準量を含む)。3mLの水及び3mLのヘキサンを加えることによって反応を止めた。ヘキサン相をBPX70(SGE)カラムでガス液体クロマトグラフィー(パーキンエルマー)によって分析した。その保持時間を標準の保持時間と比較することによってメチル化脂肪酸を特定し、校正用の21:0を用いて表面ピーク法(surface peak method)によって定量した。抽出及び定量は少なくとも3回行なった。
CGI−38アンチセンス構築物を発現するフェオダクチラム・トリコルヌタムの作製
従来のBlastP類似検索によって、ただ1つのCGI−58ホモログの単一遺伝子コーディング(ジェンバンクXM_002183547;Phatrdraft54974)がP.トリコルヌタムゲノムで予測された(Altschul SF et al., 1990, Journal of Molecular Biology 215:403-410)。Phatrdraft54974サイレンシングを働かすために、発現がH4プロモーターの制御下にあるベクターを構築した(De Riso Vet al, 2009, Nucleic Acids Res 37:e96)。サイレンシングに用いた発現ベクターは、アンチセンスベクターhla(De Riso及び共同研究者の初版文献での名称:「h」はプロモーターH4を、「I」「このプロモーターの長い断片」を、「a」は以前に開発されたアンチセンスを表わす(De Riso Vet al, 2009, Nucleic Acids Res 37:e96))から作製した。このhlaベクターを改変して、ベクターが最初に含有したGUS断片に対応するアンチセンス断片を除去し、CGI−58に対応するアンチセンス断片を導入している。サイレンシングの標的領域はPhatrdraft54974/CGI−58配列の末端部に対応した(図1)。
Claims (10)
- CGI−58タンパク質の活性が、株中の油の蓄積、有利にはトリアシルグリセロールの蓄積を可能にするために改変されているクロムアルベオラータ界に属する種の改変株であって、前記株が、前記CGI−58遺伝子の発現がサイレンシング又は減衰されている遺伝子組み換え株であり、前記株が、フェオダクチラム・トリコルヌタムであることを特徴とする株。
- 対応する野生型株のトリアシルグリセロール含有量の少なくとも1.5倍を蓄積又は含有する請求項1に記載の改変株。
- 対応する野生型株のトリアシルグリセロール含有量の少なくとも4倍を蓄積又は含有する請求項2に記載の改変株。
- クロムアルベオラータ界の前記株を前記CGI−58遺伝子の発現を標的とするように設計されるRNAi構築物を発現するベクターで形質転換することを含む請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の改変株を調製する方法。
- 前記ベクターが、粒子銃又はエレクトロポーレーションによって前記株に導入される請求項4に記載の方法。
- CGI−58遺伝子の発現を減衰又はサイレンシングする工程を含むクロムアルベオラータ界に属する株のトリアシルグリセロールの蓄積を増加させる方法であって、前記株が、フェオダクチラム・トリコルヌタムであることを特徴とする、方法。
- 前記株が窒素富化培地で培養される請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記株が窒素枯渇培地で培養される請求項6に記載の方法。
- トリアシルグリセロールの生成のための請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の改変株の使用。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の改変株を培養培地中で培養する工程、前記改変株を採取する工程、及びトリアシルグリセロールを回収する工程を含む、トリアシルグリセロールの製造のための方法。
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