JP6554669B2 - Lighting device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a lighting device.

  A lighting fixture including a light source, a fixture main body in which the light source is built, and a cover attached to the fixture main body has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In this lighting fixture, the fixture body has an annular wall. On the other hand, the cover has a facing portion that faces the outer wall of the wall of the instrument body when the cover is attached to the instrument body. Then, a female screw is formed on a part of the wall of the instrument body, and a male screw that is screwed into the female screw is formed on the facing portion of the cover. The cover can be attached to the instrument body by screwing the male screw into the female thread of the instrument body. In the maintenance of the lighting device after this type of lighting device is fixed to the ceiling or wall, the cover is rotated with respect to the fixture body, the cover is removed from the fixture body, and the internal components are replaced.

JP 2011-108587 A

  In this type of lighting device, in consideration of workability at the time of maintenance, it is required to connect the cover removed from the instrument body to the instrument body by some method. One method of connecting the cover to the instrument body is to fix one end of the wire to the instrument body and fix the other end to the cover.

  However, when this method is employed in this type of lighting device, when the cover is attached to the instrument body, the wire is fixed to a part of the instrument body and a part of the cover, so that the wire is wound in the rotation direction of the cover. Will turn. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the length of the wire in consideration of rotating the cover several times. If it does so, the length of a wire will become extremely long, and when a wire gets entangled, there exists a possibility that the workability | operativity of a maintenance may fall and return.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the said reason, and it aims at providing the illuminating device which can improve the workability | operativity in a maintenance.

In order to achieve the above object, a lighting device according to the present invention includes:
A housing having a cylindrical side wall and a first screw portion formed on the side wall along a circumferential direction of the side wall;
A light source disposed inside the housing;
A cover attached to the housing by screwing a second screw part formed at least partially with a cylindrical frame part along the circumferential direction of the frame part into the first screw part;
A connection member that is elongated and has one end in the longitudinal direction fixed to the housing,
The cover has a held portion in which a position held by the other end portion of the connecting member is movable along a circumferential direction of the frame portion,
The held portion includes a detachment preventing portion that prevents the cover from detaching from the other end of the connecting member.

  According to the present invention, the cover has the held portion in which the position held by the other end portion of the connecting member is movable along the circumferential direction of the frame portion. Accordingly, when the cover is attached to the housing by rotating the frame portion of the cover around the cylinder axis of the side wall of the housing relative to the housing, the second screw portion is screwed to the first screw portion. The other end of the member moves along the circumferential direction of the frame. That is, when the frame portion of the cover is rotated with respect to the housing, the other end portion of the connecting member does not follow the frame portion of the cover. Accordingly, since the length of the connecting member can be determined without considering the cover being rotated several times with respect to the housing, the length of the connecting member can be minimized, and the connecting member Tangle can be suppressed. Further, the held portion has a detachment preventing portion that prevents the cover from detaching from the other end of the connecting member. As a result, even if an external force is applied to the cover in a state where the cover is suspended from the connecting member by the connecting member, the cover is not detached from the housing. You can work without worrying. As described above, according to the present invention, since the entanglement of the connecting member is suppressed and the cover is prevented from being detached from the housing, the workability in maintenance can be improved.

It is a disassembled perspective view of the illuminating device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the illuminating device which concerns on embodiment. (A) is a perspective view of the illuminating device which concerns on embodiment, (B) is a bottom view of the illuminating device which concerns on embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the illuminating device which concerns on embodiment. The illuminating device which concerns on the comparative example 1 is shown, (A) is sectional drawing which shows the state by which the glove was attached to the housing | casing, (B) is sectional drawing which shows the state from which the glove was removed from the housing | casing. It is a side view which shows the fixing member and connection member which concern on embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the illuminating device which concerns on a modification. (A) It is sectional drawing which shows a part of cover which concerns on a modification, (B) is sectional drawing which shows a part of cover which concerns on another modification.

  Hereinafter, a lighting device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The lighting device according to this embodiment is used by being attached to a ceiling, a wall, or the like of a building, and can be in a state in which a cover is suspended from a housing during maintenance.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the lighting device 1 includes a bottomed cylindrical casing 11, a light source unit 12, a battery 14, a lighting circuit unit 13, a terminal block 15, a fixing member 16, The cover 20 and the connecting member 17 are provided.

  The housing 11 includes a cylindrical side wall 112 and a bottom wall 111 that closes one end of the side wall 112 in the cylinder axis direction. The housing 11 is made of a metal such as aluminum. An attachment hole 111a for attaching the housing 11 to a construction material such as a ceiling or a wall is formed in the bottom wall 111. A female screw portion (first screw portion) 112 a is formed along the circumferential direction of the side wall 112 on the inner peripheral surface of the other end portion in the cylinder axis direction of the side wall 112. As shown in FIG. 2, the housing 11 is attached to the building material C <b> 1 via a packing 18.

  The light source unit 12 is disposed at the center of the bottom wall 111 of the housing 11. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the light source unit 12 includes a light emitting unit 121 having a light emitting diode (LED) light emitting element.

  The battery 14 is electrically connected to the lighting circuit unit 13 via a wire harness (not shown) and supplies direct current to the lighting circuit unit 13. The battery 14 is composed of, for example, a secondary battery. The battery 14 is supported by a battery support member 19 fixed to the bottom wall 111 of the housing 11.

  The lighting circuit unit 13 converts an alternating current supplied from an external alternating current power source into a direct current by an AC / DC converter and supplies the direct current to the light emitting unit 121 at a normal time. On the other hand, the lighting circuit unit 13 supplies the direct current supplied from the battery 14 to the light emitting unit 121 in an emergency.

  The terminal block 15 is electrically connected to the lighting circuit unit 13 via a wire harness (not shown). The terminal block 15 is fixed to the bottom wall 111 of the housing 11 by a fixing member 16.

  The fixing member 16 includes a fixing piece 161 that is fixed to the bottom wall 111 of the housing 11, and an extension piece 162 that extends from the edge of the fixing piece 161 in a direction that intersects the fixing piece 161. The terminal block 15 is fixed to one surface of the extension piece 162.

  The cover 20 includes a frame portion 211, an inner flange portion 212, a translucent member 22, a packing 23, and a pressing member (detachment preventing member) 24. The frame part 211 is formed in a cylindrical shape. A male screw portion (second screw portion) 211 a is formed on the outer peripheral surface of one end portion of the frame portion 211 in the cylinder axis direction along the circumferential direction of the frame portion 211. Then, the cover 20 is attached to the housing 11 by screwing the male screw portion 211 a with the female screw portion 112 a of the housing 11.

  The inner flange portion 212 has an annular shape in plan view, and protrudes inward from the other end portion of the frame portion 211 opposite to the housing 11 side in the cylinder axis direction. An annular groove (track portion) 212 a having a width W0 formed along the other end portion of the frame portion 211 is formed on the housing 11 side of the inner flange portion 212. The groove 212a has a shape in which the bottom of the groove having a rectangular cross section is curved outwardly.

  The translucent member 22 includes a translucent member main body 221 formed in a dome shape and an outer flange portion 222 projecting outward from the periphery of the translucent member main body 221. The translucent member 22 is formed from a translucent material. As this translucent material, synthetic resins, such as transparent glass and polycarbonate, are mentioned, for example.

  The packing 23 has an annular shape and has a U-shaped cross section that is open toward the inside. The packing 23 is made of an elastic material such as rubber. The packing 23 is fitted into the peripheral edge portion of the outer flange portion 222 of the translucent member 22.

  The connecting member 17 has a substantially string shape, and one end portion in the longitudinal direction is fixed to the bottom wall 111 of the housing 11 via the fixing member 16. The connecting member 17 includes a plate-like fixing portion 171 fixed to the bottom wall 111 of the housing 11 via the fixing member 16, a wire portion 172 having one end connected to the fixing portion 171, and other than the wire portion 172. And a ball-shaped fastener 173 provided at the end. The connecting member 17 is made of a metal such as stainless steel or aluminum. The fastener portion 173 is formed by, for example, caulking the other end portion of the wire portion 172 in a slit of a ball-shaped member having a slit. The diameter of the fastener part 173 is set to 3 mm, for example. The fixing portion 171 is fixed to the end portion of the extending piece 162 of the fixing member 16 with a screw 163. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the connecting member 17 is located outside the light distribution area AR <b> 0 of light that is transmitted from the light source unit 12 through the light transmitting member 22 and emitted outward. Thereby, the generation of shadows due to the connecting member 17 is prevented.

  The pressing member 24 has an annular plate shape, and presses the packing 23 in which the outer flange portion 222 of the translucent member 22 is fitted toward the inner peripheral edge portion of the inner flange portion 212 to crush the packing 23. Further, it is fixed to the inner collar portion 212. The pressing member 24 also has a function of preventing the fastener portion 173 from being detached from the groove 212a in a state in which the fastener portion 173 of the connecting member 17 is movable in the groove 212a of the inner collar portion 212. As shown in FIG. 2, the pressing member 24 covers a part of the groove 212a so that the gap 212b is formed over the entire circumference of the groove 212a. The diameter φ2 of the fastener portion 173 is smaller than the width W0 of the groove 212a of the cover 20 and the depth D0 of the groove. Accordingly, when the cover 20 is rotated with respect to the housing 11, the fastener portion 173 moves in the groove 212 a of the cover 20. Further, the width W1 of the gap 212b is larger than the diameter φ1 of the cross section of the wire portion 172 of the connecting member 17 and smaller than the diameter φ2 of the fastener portion 173. Accordingly, when the connecting member 17 is to be detached from the cover 20, the fastener portion 173 is caught in the gap 212 b formed by the groove 212 a and the pressing member 24. The pressing member 24 and the inner flange portion 212 constitute a held portion in which the position held by the fastener portion 173 of the connecting member 17 is movable along the circumferential direction of the frame portion 211.

  Next, a method for removing the cover 20 from the housing 11 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 for the lighting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. First, as shown in FIG. 3A, the cover 20 is rotated with respect to the housing 11 (see arrow A1). At this time, as shown in FIG. 3B, the fastener portion 173 of the connecting member 17 moves in the groove 212 a of the inner collar portion 212 as viewed from the cover 20 side and does not follow the rotation of the cover 20. Then, when the male screw portion 211a of the cover 20 is removed from the female screw portion 112a of the housing 11, as shown in FIG. 4, it is possible to open the side opposite to the connecting member 17 side of the cover 20 (arrow A2). reference). At this time, the cover 20 is in a state of being suspended from the housing 11 in a state in which the fastener portion 173 of the connecting member 17 is caught in the gap 212b formed by the groove 212a and the pressing member 24.

  Next, lighting device 1 according to the present embodiment will be described in comparison with lighting device 901 according to the comparative example shown in FIG. As illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the illumination device 901 according to the comparative example includes an instrument body 911, a light source unit 812, and a cover 920. A hollow portion 911a is provided at a substantially central portion of the instrument main body 911, and a support member 9113 that supports the light source unit 812 is fixed to the bottom portion of the hollow portion 911a. A screw portion 9112a is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the recess portion 911a. The cover 920 includes an annular frame portion 9211, a bottomed cylindrical cover main body 922 formed continuously and integrally with the frame portion 9211, and an annular packing 923 fitted into the frame portion 9211. A screw portion 9211 a that is screwed into the screw portion 9112 a of the instrument main body 911 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the frame portion 9221. A latching portion 917 for latching the cover 920 is fixed to the bottom of the recess 911a. The height H2 of the support member 9113 is set so that the hooking portion 917 does not enter the light distribution area AR1 of the light emitted from the light source unit 812. As a result, the occurrence of a shadow due to the hooking portion 917 is prevented.

  As shown in FIG. 5A, the cover 920 can be attached to the instrument main body 911 by screwing the screw part 9211 a of the cover 920 with the screw part 9112 a of the instrument main body 911. In addition, as shown in FIG. 5B, the frame portion 9211 of the cover 920 can be hooked to the hooking portion 917. Accordingly, for example, maintenance such as repair or replacement of the light source unit 812 can be performed in a state where the frame portion 9211 of the cover 920 is hooked on the hooking portion 917, so that workability of maintenance can be improved.

  By the way, during maintenance, for example, the operator's hand may come into contact with the cover 920 in a state where the frame portion 9211 of the cover 920 is hooked on the hooking portion 917 as shown in FIG. is there. In this case, an external force is applied to the cover 920 in a direction in which the cover 920 is detached from the hooking portion 917, and the cover 920 may fall off the instrument body 911.

  On the other hand, in the lighting device 1 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the width W1 of the gap 212b of the groove 212a that is not covered by the pressing member 24 is the width of the wire portion 172 of the connecting member 17. It is larger than the diameter φ1 of the cross section and smaller than the diameter φ2 of the fastener portion 173. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, the fastener portion 173 of the connecting member 17 is not detached from the groove 212 a in a state where the cover 20 is suspended from the housing 11. Therefore, for example, during maintenance, even if the operator's hand contacts the cover 20 in a state where the cover 20 is suspended from the casing 11, the cover 20 will not fall out of the casing 11. There is an advantage that a sense of security can be given to the person.

  In the case of the illumination device 901 according to the comparative example, the height H2 of the support member 9113 that supports the light source unit 812 needs to be set so that the hooking portion 917 does not enter the light distribution area AR1 of the light source unit 812. is there. For this reason, the thickness of the lighting device 901 is limited by the size and shape of the hooking portion 917. Therefore, there is a limit to reducing the thickness of the lighting device 901.

  On the other hand, in the illuminating device 1 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the groove 212a is provided in the inner collar portion 212 located on the outer peripheral portion of the translucent member 22, and is disposed in the groove 212a. The casing 11 and the cover 20 are connected by a connecting member 17 having a fastener portion 173. Thereby, since the thickness of the illuminating device 1 is not restrict | limited to the dimension and shape of the connection member 17, there exists an advantage that it is easy to aim at thickness reduction of the illuminating device 1. FIG. Further, the connecting member 17 according to the present embodiment is simpler in shape than the latching portion 917 according to the comparative example. Thereby, since it can manufacture easily compared with the latching | locking part 917 which concerns on a comparative example, there also exists an advantage that reduction of manufacturing cost can be aimed at. Furthermore, since the dimension of the connecting member 17 is smaller than the dimension of the latching portion 917 according to the comparative example, the lighting device 1 can be reduced in size.

  As described above, according to the lighting device 1 according to the present embodiment, the position where the cover 20 is held by the fastener portion 173 provided at the other end of the connecting member 17 is the circumferential direction of the frame portion 211. The inner flange portion 212 and the pressing member 24 constitute a held portion that is movable along the inner side. Accordingly, the frame portion 211 of the cover 20 is rotated around the cylinder axis of the side wall 112 of the housing 11 with respect to the housing 11, so that the male screw portion 211 a is screwed to the female screw portion 112 a and the cover 20 is attached to the housing 20. When attaching to the body 11, the fastener part 173 of the connecting member 17 moves along the circumferential direction of the frame part 211. That is, when the frame portion 211 of the cover 20 is rotated with respect to the housing 11, the fastener portion 173 of the connecting member 17 does not follow the frame portion 211 of the cover 20. Accordingly, the length of the connecting member 17 can be determined without considering the rotation of the cover 20 with respect to the housing 11 several times. Therefore, the length of the connecting member 17 can be minimized. It can suppress that the connection member 17 is entangled. Further, the pressing member 24 prevents the cover 20 from being detached from the other end portion of the connecting member 17. As a result, even when an external force is applied to the cover 20 in a state where the cover 20 is suspended from the casing 11 by the connecting member 17, the cover 20 is not detached from the casing 11. Therefore, for example, an operator who performs maintenance of the lighting device 1 can perform work without worrying about contact with the cover 20 during maintenance. Thus, according to the illuminating device 1 which concerns on this Embodiment, since the tangle of the connection member 17 is suppressed and the detachment | leave from the housing | casing 11 is prevented, the workability | operativity in a maintenance is improved. Can do.

  In the lighting device 1 according to the present embodiment, the fixing portion 171 of the connecting member 17 is fixed to the inside of the housing 11 via the fixing member 16, and the fastener portion 173 is held inside the cover 20. It has a structure. Thereby, it is possible to substantially seal the region surrounded by the housing 11 and the cover 20. Moreover, since the connection member 17 is arrange | positioned in the area | region enclosed by the housing | casing 11 and the cover 20, there also exists an advantage that the external appearance of the illuminating device 1 is not impaired.

  Further, in the lighting device 1 according to the present embodiment, the fixing portion 171 of the connecting member 17 is located in the vicinity of the periphery of the housing 11. Thereby, for example, when an operator who performs maintenance replaces the components of the light source unit 12 disposed in the vicinity of the center portion of the housing 11, there is an advantage that the connecting member 17 does not interfere with the work.

  Moreover, in the illuminating device 1 which concerns on this Embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the fixing | fixed part 171 of the connection member 17 is being fixed to the extension piece 162 which cross | intersects the fixing piece 161 of the fixing member 16. As shown in FIG. . Thereby, in a state where the cover 20 is suspended from the housing 11, the gravity F <b> 1 applied to the connection portion P <b> 1 is a component F <b> 11 in the thickness direction of the fixing portion 171 and a component F <b> 12 in the direction along the extension piece 162. Will have. In this case, the size of the component F11 in the thickness direction of the fixed portion 171 is smaller than the size of the gravity F1. Thereby, when the cover 20 is suspended by the housing | casing 11, it can suppress that the connection part P1 bends. Moreover, since the thickness of the fixing | fixed part 171 can be made thin, there also exists an advantage that the weight reduction of the connection member 17 is achieved. Moreover, since the fixed part of the connection member 17 and the fixing member 16 can be brought close to the opening of the housing 11, the connection member 17 can be shortened accordingly.

(Modification)
As mentioned above, although each embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the structure of each above-mentioned embodiment. For example, the connecting member may be formed from an elongated plate-like flexible member. In this case, the connecting member is made of a metal such as stainless steel or aluminum, or a resin material. Further, the connecting member may be one in which the fixing portion and the fastener portion are connected by a chain.

  In the embodiment, the example in which the translucent member 22 is configured to include the dome-shaped translucent member main body 221 and the outer flange portion 222 has been described, but the shape of the translucent member is not limited thereto. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the transparent member 3022 may be a flat plate shape like a cover 3020. In FIG. 7, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. According to this configuration, the illumination device 301 can be further reduced in thickness.

  In the embodiment, the pressing member 24 functions as a held portion that holds the fastener portion 173 of the connecting member 17 movably along the circumferential direction of the frame portion 211, and the packing 23 faces the inner flange portion 212. The example which combines the function to press was demonstrated. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 8A, the pressing member 2024 that presses the packing 23 toward the inner flange portion 212 and the detachment of the fastening portion 173 of the connecting member 17 from the groove 212a. The structure provided with two members of the annular | circular shaped removal prevention member 2212b to prevent may be sufficient. In FIG. 8, the same components as those in the embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG.

  Moreover, about the illuminating device 1 which concerns on embodiment, the press member 4024 by which the bending part 4024a was formed in the edge part as shown to FIG. 8 (B) instead of the press member 24 may be used. In this case, contact between the end edge of the pressing member 4024 and the wire portion 172 of the connecting member 17 is suppressed. Therefore, disconnection of the wire portion 172 due to rubbing between the wire portion 172 and the edge of the pressing member is suppressed.

  In the embodiment, the example in which the fixing portion 171 of the connecting member 17 is fixed to the end of the extending piece 162 of the fixing member 16 on the opposite side of the fixing piece 161 by the screw 163 has been described. The fixing direction of 17 to the fixing member 16 is not limited to this. For example, the fixing portion 171 may be fixed to the extending portion 162 by caulking or welding. Or the fixing | fixed part 171 may be adhere | attached on the extension part 162 with the adhesive material.

  In the embodiment, the example in which the fastener portion 173 of the connecting member 17 is ball-shaped has been described, but the shape of the fastener portion is not limited to the ball shape. For example, it may be a cubic shape or other shapes. In this case, the dimension of the fastener part is set to a dimension that allows the fastener part to move in the groove 212 a in a state in which the fastener part is fitted in the groove 212 a formed in the inner collar part 212 of the cover 20.

  The shape of the groove 212a formed in the inner collar portion 212 of the cover 20 described in the embodiment is not particularly limited as long as the fastener portion 173 can be moved in the groove 212a with the fastener portion 173 fitted in the groove 212a. .

  In the embodiment, the example in which the groove 212a as the track portion is formed in the inner flange portion 212 of the cover 20 is described, but the track portion is not limited to the groove 212a. Instead of the groove 212a, the inner collar portion 212 may be provided with a rail through which the fastener portion 173 moves.

  In the embodiment, the example in which the light emitting unit 121 of the light source unit 12 includes an LED has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the light emitting unit 121 is another type of light emitting element such as an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) element. May be provided.

  In the embodiment, the example in which the fixing portion 171 of the connecting member 17 is fixed to the bottom wall 111 of the housing 11 via the fixing member 16 is described. 171 may be fixed to the bottom wall 111 of the housing 11 by screws.

As mentioned above, although each embodiment and modification (including what was written in the description. The same is true hereinafter) of the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to these. The present invention includes a combination of the embodiments and modifications as appropriate, and a modification appropriately added thereto.

  The present invention is suitable for a lighting device attached to a ceiling, a wall, or the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,301: Illuminating device, 11: Housing | casing, 12: Light source unit, 13: Lighting circuit unit, 14: Battery, 15: Terminal block, 16: Fixing member, 17: Connecting member, 18, 23: Packing, 19: Battery support member, 20, 3020: Cover, 22, 3022: Translucent member, 24, 2024, 4024: Press member, 111: Bottom wall, 111a: Mounting hole, 112: Side wall, 112a: Female screw part, 163: Screw 121: light emitting part, 161: fixing piece, 162: extension piece, 171: fixing part, 172: wire part, 173: fastener part, 211: frame part, 211a: male screw part, 212: inner flange part, 212a: groove, 212b: gap, 221: lens main body, 222: outer collar portion, 2212b: separation preventing member, 4024a: bent portion, AR0, AR1: light distribution area, C1: construction material, P1: connection portion

Claims (5)

A housing having a cylindrical side wall and a first screw portion formed on the side wall along a circumferential direction of the side wall;
A light source disposed inside the housing;
A cover attached to the housing by screwing a second screw part formed at least partially with a cylindrical frame part along the circumferential direction of the frame part into the first screw part;
A connection member that is elongated and has one end in the longitudinal direction fixed to the housing,
The cover has a held portion in which a position held by the other end portion of the connecting member is movable along a circumferential direction of the frame portion,
The held portion has a detachment preventing portion that prevents the cover from detaching from the other end of the connecting member.
Lighting device. The connecting member has a fixing part fixed to the housing, a wire part having one end connected to the fixing part, and a fastener part provided at the other end of the wire part,
The held portion is an annular shape that protrudes inward from an end opposite to the casing in the cylinder axis direction of the frame, and is formed on the casing along the end of the frame. Is composed of an inner collar portion formed with an annular track portion in which the fastener portion is movable,
The detachment preventing portion prevents the fastener portion from detaching from the track portion in a state in which the fastener portion is movable in the track portion;
The lighting device according to claim 1. The track portion is composed of an annular groove,
The lighting device according to claim 2. The detachment preventing portion is annular, and a gap that is larger than a diameter of a cross section of the wire portion and smaller than an outer dimension of the fastener portion is formed over the entire circumference of the track portion. Covers part of the track,
The lighting device according to claim 3. A terminal block;
A fixing member for fixing the terminal block to the housing; and
The housing is a bottomed cylindrical shape,
The fixing member includes a fixing piece fixed to a bottom wall of the housing, an extending piece extending in an intersecting direction with the fixing piece from an end edge of the fixing piece, and the terminal block fixed to one surface, Have
One end portion of the connecting member is fixed to an end portion of the extending piece.
The illuminating device of any one of Claim 1 to 4.

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