JP6528619B2 - Speed converter - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a speed converter, and more particularly to a speed converter using a magnetic wave gear mechanism.

  A speed converter using a magnetic wave gear mechanism is known. Patent Document 1 below describes a magnetic wave gear mechanism (magnetic gear (1)) that performs speed conversion between an input shaft (6) and an output shaft (7). The inner rotor (8) has permanent magnets (10) arranged along the circumference so as to alternate in polarity. The outer rotor (11) has permanent magnets (13) arranged along the inner circumference so as to be alternating in polarity. A circumferentially arranged magnetic core (17) is disposed between the permanent magnet (10) of the inner rotor and the permanent magnet (13) of the outer rotor. The relationship between the number of poles (N) of the permanent magnet (10) of the inner rotor, the number of poles (M) of the permanent magnet (13) of the outer rotor, and the number (L) of magnetic cores (17) is given by | M ± N | = L. The rotation of the input shaft is transmitted to the output shaft at the speed conversion ratio N / M. Patent Document 1 does not disclose a speed converter capable of selectively using a plurality of speed conversion ratios, that is, a so-called transmission.

  Patent Document 2 below shows a speed converter in which three sets of magnetic gear pairs are formed by three inner rotors (24, 26, 28) and three outer rotors (34, 36, 38) having different numbers of pole pairs. Is described. By moving the magnetic property changing portion (44), the magnetic gear pair constituting the magnetic wave gear is selected. A speed conversion ratio corresponding to the number of pole pairs of the selected magnetic gear pair can be obtained, and a multistage transmission mechanism capable of changing the speed conversion ratio can be formed.

  In addition, the code | symbol attached () is a code | symbol used in each patent document, and is not related with the code | symbol used by embodiment of this application.

JP, 2011-33166, A JP 2011-94742 A

  In a speed converter using a magnetic wave gear mechanism, it is desirable to selectively use a plurality of speed conversion ratios. Patent Document 2 shows a multi-speed transmission mechanism, but the same number of magnetic gear pairs (inner rotor and outer rotor) as the number of gear stages are required, and furthermore, each rotor must be provided with a magnet. The same number of magnetic gear pairs as the number of shift speeds is a factor that increases the size of the device. Also, providing a magnet for each rotor causes an increase in cost.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a speed converter which obtains two speed conversion ratios from one magnetic gear pair.

  The speed converter according to the present invention comprises a magnetic wave gear mechanism, first and second transmission elements connected via the magnetic wave gear mechanism, and a transmission mechanism for changing the speed conversion ratio of the magnetic wave gear mechanism. Including. The magnetic wave gear mechanism has a first magnetic gear having magnets arranged along the circumferential direction so as to alternate in polarity and a second having a magnet arranged along the circumferential direction so as to alternate in polarity. A magnetic gear, and a modulator having a modulator arranged along the circumferential direction and positioned to face each of the magnet of the first magnetic gear and the magnet of the second magnetic gear. The first transmission element is coupled to the first magnetic gear and rotates with the first magnetic gear. The second transfer element is coupled to the modulator and rotates with the modulator.

Pole pairs P ₁ of the first magnetic gear, pole pairs P ₂ of the second magnetic gear, the engagement between the number P _M for varying tone modulation member,
| P ₂ ± P ₁ | = P _M (1)
The first magnetic gear, the second magnetic gear, and the modulator form a magnetic wave gear mechanism that rotates at a predetermined speed ratio. For example, when the second magnetic gear is fixed, the speed ratio r of the modulation gear and the first magnetic gear is
r = ω _M / ω ₁ = P ₁ / P _M (2)
It becomes. Here, ω ₁ is the rotational speed of the first magnetic gear, and ω _M is the rotational speed of the modulator.

The above equation (1), it can be seen that changing the speed ratio r by changing the number P _M from, varying tone (2). In the present invention, each modulator is composed of a modulation piece that can be separated and combined, and the number of modulators is changed to change the speed ratio by separating and combining the modulation pieces. The transmission mechanism moves at least a part of the modulation pieces in the circumferential direction to separate or combine the modulation pieces. By this, the number of modulators arranged in the circumferential direction is changed.

The pole pair P ₁ of the first magnetic gear 4, when the pole pairs P ₂ of the second magnetic gear is 20, two speed ratios, the number of variable tone by the 16 and 24 (0.250,0. 167) can be taken.

  Specifically, two first modulation pieces and two second modulation pieces, each of which has a dimension of 2 to 1 in the circumferential direction, are alternately arranged. By combining the adjacent first modulation pieces and the second modulation pieces, a modulation body having 16 modulators is configured, and at this time, a velocity ratio r = 0.250 is obtained. In addition, the first modulation piece individually constitutes one modulator, and the second modulation piece whose circumferential dimension is a half of the first modulation piece is formed by combining two adjacent modulation pieces into one modulator. Form Thereby, a modulator having 24 modulators is formed, and at this time, a velocity ratio r = 0.167 is obtained.

Further, the number of pole pairs P ₁ to 5 of the first magnetic gear, when the number of pole pairs P ₂ 15 of the second magnetic gear, two speed ratios by a number of varying tones 10 and 20 (0.500, 0.25) can be taken.

  Specifically, 20 modulation pieces having the same size in the circumferential direction are arranged. By combining two adjacent modulation pieces, a modulator having 10 modulators is configured, and at this time, a velocity ratio r = 0.500 is obtained. Also, by making each modulation piece independent, a modulator having 20 modulators is configured, and at this time, a velocity ratio r = 0.250 is obtained.

  The transmission mechanism that changes the speed conversion ratio changes the number of modulators by moving the modulation pieces in the circumferential direction. The transmission mechanism may have a transmission member that moves back and forth relative to the modulator along the axis of rotation of the first transmission element and the second transmission element, and movement of the transmission member moves the modulation piece in the circumferential direction. The transmission member may be provided with a guide inclined with respect to the advancing and retracting direction, and the modulation piece moves in the circumferential direction by moving along the guide according to the advancing and retracting of the transmission member.

  According to the present invention, two speed conversion ratios can be obtained from one magnetic gear pair (first magnetic gear and second magnetic gear).

It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross section orthogonal to the rotating shaft line of the speed converter of this embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross section containing the rotating shaft line of the speed converter of this embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the operation | movement of the number change of a modulator. It is a figure showing a guide structure which regulates movement of a modulation piece. It is a figure for demonstrating the movement of a modulation | alteration piece. It is a figure which shows the cross section orthogonal to the rotating shaft line of the speed converter of other embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the operation | movement of the number change of a modulator.

  In this specification and claims, when rotation is transmitted from one transmission element to the other transmission element, the change in speed is referred to as "speed conversion", and the speed ratio of the two transmission elements at this time In the following, "speed conversion ratio". Also, when the speed conversion ratio is 1, the speed does not change, but for convenience this is also included in the "speed conversion". On the other hand, changing the speed conversion ratio from one speed conversion ratio to another is referred to as "speed change".

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 are schematic views showing the main part of the speed converter 10 of this embodiment, FIG. 1 is a view showing a cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis, and FIG. 2 is a view showing a cross section including the rotation axis is there.

  The speed converter 10 includes an input shaft 12, an output shaft 14 and a magnetic wave gear mechanism 16. The magnetic wave gear mechanism 16 includes an inner magnetic gear 18 connected or fixed to the input shaft 12 and an outer magnetic gear 22 fixed to the case 20. The input shaft 12 is supported by the case 20 via a bearing. An outer magnetic gear 22 is disposed to surround the inner magnetic gear 18. The magnetic wave gear mechanism 16 further includes a modulator 24 disposed between the inner magnetic gear 18 and the outer magnetic gear 22. The input shaft 12 and the output shaft 14 are coaxially arranged. The inner magnetic gear 18 rotates with or together with the input shaft 12. The modulator 24 is connected to the output shaft 14 via the transmission mechanism 26 and rotates with the output shaft 14. The transmission mechanism 26 will be described in detail later.

  The inner magnetic gear 18 has a cylindrical or disc shape, and permanent magnets are circumferentially arranged on the outer peripheral surface without gaps. This permanent magnet is referred to as an inner permanent magnet 28. The eight inner permanent magnets 28 are arranged so as to alternate in polarity. Therefore, there are four pole pairs configured by two permanent magnets having different polarities. Also, the circumferential dimensions of the individual inner permanent magnets 28 are all equal. The outer magnetic gear 22 has a cylindrical or annular shape, and permanent magnets are circumferentially arranged on the inner circumferential surface without gaps. This permanent magnet is referred to as an outer permanent magnet 30. The 40 outer permanent magnets 30 are arranged so as to alternate in polarity, and the number of pole pairs is 20. Also, the circumferential dimensions of the individual outer permanent magnets 30 are all equal. The inner permanent magnet 28 and the outer permanent magnet 30 are radially opposed.

  The modulator 24 has a ferromagnetic modulator 32 disposed between the opposing inner permanent magnet 28 and the outer permanent magnet 30. Each modulator 32 faces each of the inner permanent magnet 28 and the outer permanent magnet 30. Modulators 32 are arranged along the circumferential direction. The circumferential dimensions of the individual modulators 32 are equal, and the spacing between adjacent modulators 32 is also equal to this. The modulator 32 is composed of the modulation pieces 34a and 34b, and the number of modulators 32 can be changed by separating and combining the modulation pieces 34a and 34b. In this speed converter 10, the number of modulators 32 can be selectively set to 16 and 24. FIG. 1 shows a state in which sixteen modulators 32 are provided.

  The inner magnetic gear 18, the outer magnetic gear 22 and the modulator 24 are disposed coaxially with the rotational axes of the input shaft 12 and the output shaft 14.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the change of the number of modulators 32. The state in which the number of modulators 32 is 16 is shown in (a), and the 24 states are shown in (b). In addition, when it is necessary to distinguish between these states, a modulator having 16 states is indicated by a symbol 32A, and a modulator having 24 states is indicated by a symbol 32B. In addition, when it is necessary to distinguish between the plurality of modulators 32A and 32B and the plurality of modulation pieces 34a and 34b individually, suffixes “ ₋₁ ”, “ ₋₂ ”,. .

The dimension of the modulation pieces 34a and 34b in the circumferential direction is 2: 1, and two pieces are alternately arranged for each type. That is, in FIG. 3, two modulation pieces 34b (34b _-1 , 34b _-2 ) are continuously arranged in a clockwise direction, and then two modulation pieces 34a (34a _-2 , 34a _-3 ) are arranged. . The modulator 32A is composed of one modulation piece 34a and one modulation piece 34b. The modulation pieces 34a and 34b are moved in the circumferential direction as indicated by the arrows in FIG. Varying modulation pieces 34a _-1 and modulation pieces 34b _-1 constituting tone 32A _-1 are separated, modulated pieces 34a _-2 modulation pieces 34b _-2 constituting the varying tone 32A _-2 also separated. The separated modulation piece 34a- ₁ and modulation piece 34a- ₂ individually constitute a modulator 32B- ₁ and a modulator 32B- ₃ , as shown in FIG. 3B. Also, the separated modulation piece 34b- ₁ and modulation piece 34b- ₂ are combined to constitute one modulator 32B- ₂ . This increases the number of modulators from 16 to 24.

  The transmission mechanism 26 is a mechanism that changes the number of modulators 32, and this changes the speed conversion ratio. That is, the transmission mechanism 26 performs a shift. The transmission mechanism 26 includes a transmission plate 36 advancing and retracting with respect to the modulator 24 along the axes of the input shaft 12 and the output shaft 14, and a transmission shaft 38 integral with the transmission plate 36. The transmission shaft 38 has a cylindrical shape and a spline is formed on the inner wall surface thereof. The spline and the spline formed on the output shaft 14 are fitted to fix the transmission shaft 38 and the output shaft 14 in the rotational direction. On the other hand, both are made relatively movable in the axial direction. The transmission plate 36 is provided with a guide for guiding the movement of the modulation piece 34 in the circumferential direction as the transmission plate 36 advances and retracts.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a specific structure of the guide of the transmission plate 36. As shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the outer peripheral portion of the transmission plate 36, including the rotation axis of the transmission plate 36. The transmission plate 36 is formed with a guide groove 40 having a T-shaped cross section. The guide groove 40 extends in the circumferential direction. Also, the guide groove 40 is inclined in the extending direction. The modulator piece 34 is provided with a follower 42 having a T-shaped cross section. The follower 42 is engaged with the guide groove 40. The T-shaped follower 42 and the T-shaped guide groove 40 engage with each other, whereby the follower 42 is restrained in the guide groove 40 in the rotational axis direction.

  A contact plate 44 is disposed on the opposite side of the modulation body 24 to the transmission plate 36. The contact plate 44 rotates integrally with the transmission plate 36. The contact plate 44 regulates the movement of the modulator 32 in the direction of the rotation axis away from the transmission plate 36. On the other hand, a low friction member or a thrust bearing is disposed on the surface of the contact plate 44 in contact with the modulation piece 34 so that the modulation piece 34 can move in the circumferential direction.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a cylindrical surface in which the modulators 32 are arranged, and a quarter of the entire circumference is shown. A circular arc indicated by S-S in FIG. 3 indicates the position of this cross section. FIG. 5A shows the case where the number of modulators 32 is 16 and the case where the number of modulators 32 is 24. In FIG. In order to simplify the drawing, a guide groove 40 is represented by a slope, along which each modulation piece 34 moves.

In (a), one type of two modulation pieces 34a and 34b are combined to form one modulator 32A. The circumferential lengths (dimensions in the lateral direction in the drawing) of the respective modulators 32A are equal, and the distance between adjacent modulators 32A is also equal to the circumferential length of the modulators 32A. The ratio of circumferential lengths of the modulation piece 34a and the modulation piece 34b is 2: 1. Modulation pieces 34a _-1 is provided corresponding to the guide groove 40 _-1, it is movable along the guide groove 40 _-1. The modulation pieces 34b _-1 in the guide groove 40 _-2, the modulation pieces 34b _-2 is movable along the guide groove 40 _-3. The modulation piece 34a- ₂ does not correspond to the guide groove 40, and is fixed to the transmission plate 36 in the circumferential direction. The transmission plate 36 and the contact plate 44 are integrated through the fixed modulation piece 34a- ₂ .

When the speed change plate 36 is advanced toward the modulation body 24, the modulation pieces 34a _-1 , 34b _-1 , 34b- ₂ corresponding to the guide groove 40 move down the guide groove 40, thereby moving in the circumferential direction Do. The modulation pieces 34a _-1 and 34b _-1 are separated, and the modulation piece 34a _-1 moves 3.75 ° in the left direction and the modulation piece 34b _-1 moves 3.75 ° in the right direction in the drawing. The modulation piece 34b _-2 separates from the modulation piece 34a _-3 and moves 7.5 ° to the left. The modulation piece 34b- ₁ and the modulation piece 34b- ₂ are combined by the above movement to form one modulator 32B- ₂ . The modulation pieces 34a- ₁ and 34a- ₃ constitute independent modulators 32B- ₁ and 32B- ₃ , respectively. This state is shown in (b). Also in (b), the circumferential length of each modulator 32B is equal, and the interval between adjacent modulators is also equal to this. The circumferential length of each modulator 32B in the state (b) is two thirds of the length of each modulator 32A in the state (a).

  When the transmission plate 36 is moved away from the modulation body 24 from the state of (b), each modulation piece 34 moves in the opposite direction to the above, and becomes the state of (a). A biasing member such as a spring is provided for each modulation piece 34 moved to move each modulator 32 from the state of (b) to the state of (a). Further, a groove having a T-shaped cross section extending in the circumferential direction is provided in the contact plate 44, and the modulation piece 34 is circumferentially movable by being movable in the circumferential direction but not moving in the rotational axis direction. It may move in the direction.

  The transmission plate 36 is driven directly or indirectly by a drive actuator (not shown) such as a hydraulic cylinder, an electromagnetic actuator, etc. to move forward and backward.

In both states (a) and (b) of FIG. 3, the above-mentioned equation (1) is satisfied, and functions as a magnetic gear. As shown in (a), when the number of modulators is 16, the speed conversion ratio (speed ratio) of the input shaft 12 to the output shaft 14 is
(Number of pole pairs of the inner magnetic gear) / (number of modulators) = 4/16 = 0.250
It becomes. In the state where the number of modulators is 24 as in (b), the speed conversion ratio is
4/24 = 0.167
It becomes.

  6 and 7 show the main part of the speed converter 50. FIG. The speed converter 50 differs from the speed converter 10 in the configuration of the magnetic wave gear mechanism 56, in particular, in the number of permanent magnets and modulators. The constituent elements of the speed converter 50 are denoted by the reference numerals obtained by adding 40 to the reference numerals of the constituent elements of the corresponding speed converter 10, and the detailed description will be omitted.

  The inner magnetic gear 58 rotates with or together with the input shaft 12. The number of permanent magnets in the inner magnetic gear 58 is ten, and the number of poles is five. The number of permanent magnets in the outer magnetic gear 62 is 30, and the number of poles is 15. The modulator 72 is composed of the modulation pieces 74a and 74b, and the number of modulators 72 can be changed by separating and combining the modulation pieces 74a and 74b. The number of modulators 72 can be ten and twenty.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the change of the number of modulators 32. 10 states of the number of modulators 32 are shown in (a) and 20 states are shown in (b). In addition, when it is necessary to distinguish between these states, the modulator of which the number is 10 is represented by a code 72A, and the modulator of 20 states is represented by a code 72B.

  The dimensions of the modulation pieces 74a and 74b in the circumferential direction are equal. The modulator 72A is configured of one modulation piece 74a and one modulation piece 74b. The modulation piece 74b is moved in the circumferential direction as indicated by the arrow shown in FIG. 7 (a). The modulation piece 74a is fixed. The modulation pieces 74a and 74b, which are combined to constitute one modulator 72A, are separated to constitute one modulator 72B. Therefore, the number of modulators 72B is twice that of the modulators 74A. The circumferential lengths of the individual modulators 72B are equal to one another, and the spacing between adjacent modulators 72B is also equal to this.

  Similar to the speed converter 10, the circumferential movement of the modulation piece 74b is achieved by a shift plate with a guide groove. As the shift plate advances and retracts, the modulation piece 74b moves in the circumferential direction due to the inclination of the guide groove.

In both of the states (a) and (b) of FIG. 7, the above-mentioned equation (1) is satisfied, and it functions as a magnetic gear. As shown in (a), when the number of modulators is 10, the speed conversion ratio (speed ratio) of the input shaft 12 to the output shaft 14 is
(Number of pole pairs of the inner magnetic gear) / (number of modulators) = 5/10 = 0.500
It becomes. Also, in the state where the number of modulators is 20 as in (b), the speed conversion ratio is
5/20 = 0.250
It becomes.

  The elements of the magnetic wave gear mechanism in which the input shaft and the output shaft are connected may be replaced with the above-described embodiment so that the input shaft is connected to the modulator and the output shaft is connected to the inner magnetic gear. Alternatively, the inner magnetic gear may be fixed, and the input shaft may be connected to one of the modulator and the outer magnetic gear, and the output shaft may be connected to the other.

  10, 50 speed converter, 12 input shaft (first transmission element), 14 output shaft (second transmission element), 16, 56 magnetic wave gear mechanism, 18, 58 inner magnetic gear (first magnetic gear), 20 case 22, 62 outer magnetic gear (second magnetic gear), 24 modulator, 26 transmission mechanism, 28 inner permanent magnet, 30 outer permanent magnet, 32, 32A, 32B, 72, 72A, 72B modulator, 34, 34a, 34b, 74, 74a, 74b modulation pieces, 36 transmission plates (transmission members), 38 transmission shafts, 40 guide grooves, 42 followers, 44 contact plates.

Claims (5)

A first magnetic gear having magnets arranged along a circumferential direction so as to alternate in polarity; a second magnetic gear having a magnet arranged along a circumferential direction so as to alternate in polarity; A magnetic wave gear mechanism comprising: a magnetic gear magnet and a modulator having a modulator arranged along the circumferential direction and positioned to face each of the magnet of the magnetic gear and the magnet of the second magnetic gear;
A first transmission element coupled to the first magnetic gear and rotating with the first magnetic gear;
A second transfer element coupled to the modulator and rotating with the modulator;
A velocity converter for performing velocity conversion between a first transmission element and a second transmission element,
The individual modulators consist of modulation strips that can be separated and combined,
Furthermore, at least a part of the modulation pieces are moved in the circumferential direction to separate or combine the modulation pieces, thereby changing the number of arranged modulators, and a velocity between the first transmission element and the second transmission element Including transmission mechanism to change conversion ratio,
Speed converter. A speed converter according to claim 1, wherein
The transmission mechanism has a transmission member that moves back and forth relative to the modulator along the axis of rotation of the first transmission element and the second transmission element, and movement of the transmission member moves the modulation piece in the circumferential direction.
Speed converter. The speed converter according to claim 2, wherein
The transmission member has a guide inclined with respect to the direction of movement, and the modulation piece moves in the circumferential direction by moving along the guide according to the movement of the transmission member.
Speed converter.   The speed converter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the number of pole pairs of the first magnetic gear is four, the number of pole pairs of the second magnetic gear is twenty, and the modulator The number of can take 16 and 24, the speed converter.   The speed converter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the number of pole pairs of the first magnetic gear is 5, the number of pole pairs of the second magnetic gear is 15, and the modulator The number of can take 10 and 20, speed converter.

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