JP6527519B2 - 増加した分子量分布を持つポリエチレン - Google Patents
増加した分子量分布を持つポリエチレン Download PDFInfo
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- JP6527519B2 JP6527519B2 JP2016540304A JP2016540304A JP6527519B2 JP 6527519 B2 JP6527519 B2 JP 6527519B2 JP 2016540304 A JP2016540304 A JP 2016540304A JP 2016540304 A JP2016540304 A JP 2016540304A JP 6527519 B2 JP6527519 B2 JP 6527519B2
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- polyethylene
- mmol
- catalyst
- film
- ldpe
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- -1 Polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims description 380
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 title claims description 269
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims description 269
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 155
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 108
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 108
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 98
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 93
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 89
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 72
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 70
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 65
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 58
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 47
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 47
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 description 47
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 39
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 13
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- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 9
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- YHNWUQFTJNJVNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;butane;ethane Chemical compound [Mg+2].[CH2-]C.CCC[CH2-] YHNWUQFTJNJVNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
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- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- OCWUCHKZAHTZAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacontane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OCWUCHKZAHTZAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229940083916 aluminum distearate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- RDIVANOKKPKCTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;octadecanoate;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RDIVANOKKPKCTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000017168 chlorine Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)Cl UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
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- YCCXQARVHOPWFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;ethane;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[CH2-]C YCCXQARVHOPWFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005026 oriented polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012536 packaging technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001470 polyketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003053 polystyrene-divinylbenzene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIFMYMZGQVTROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[Si](Br)(Br)Br AIFMYMZGQVTROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001374 small-angle light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011145 styrene acrylonitrile resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)Cl NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[Ti](Br)(Br)Br UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Ti+4] XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetraiodide Chemical compound I[Ti](I)(I)I NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylalumane Chemical compound CCCC[Al](CCCC)CCCC SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CCCCCC)CCCCCC ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Al](CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001866 very low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/08—Copolymers of ethene
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
本明細書中で使用される、「担体」及び「キャリア」という用語は、同じ意味で使用され、任意の担体物質または担体物質の組み合わせを示す。担体は、タルク、無機酸化物、及び無機塩化物等の1つ以上の多孔性物質であり得る、または含み得る。他の担体は、ポリスチレン等の樹脂性物質、ポリスチレンジビニルベンゼンポリオレフィン、もしくは他のポリマー化合物等の官能性もしくは架橋有機ポリマー、または任意の他の有機もしくは無機担体物質、またはそれらの混合物であり得る、または含み得る。担体は、非晶質物質、結晶性物質、または非晶質及び結晶性物質の混合物であり得る。例示的な無機酸化物は、2、3、4、5、12、13、または14族の元素の1つ以上の金属酸化物を含むことができる。例えば、無機酸化物は、アルミニウム、シリカ、チタン、ジルコニア、ボリア、亜鉛酸化物、マグネシウム、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせを含むことができるが、それらに限定されない。無機酸化物の例示的な組み合わせは、アルミナ−シリカ、シリカ−チタン、アルミナ−シリカ−チタン、アルミナ−ジルコニア、アルミナ−チタン、及び同様のものを含むことができるが、それらに限定されない。少なくとも1つの実施例では、担体は、アルミニウム、シリカ、もしくはそれらの組み合わせであり得る、または含み得る。本明細書中で使用するように、周期表(Periodic Table of the Elements)及びその族への全参照は、Hawley’s Condensed Chemical Dictionaryの第13版(IUPACの許可の下再版された)、John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,(1997)で発表された、新たな表記法(New Notation)に対するものであるが、これは、参照が、ローマ数字で記載される以前のIUPAC形式(またはその形式内に表記されるもの)に対して行われない場合、または、別途指示されない場合に限る。
1つ以上のマグネシウム含有化合物は、式R1−Mg−R2によって表すことができ、式中、R1及びR2は、ヒドロカルビル基及びハロゲン原子からなる群から独立して選択される。適切なヒドロカルビル基は、アルキル基、アリール基、及びアルコキシ基を含むことができるが、それらに限定されない。アルキル基、及び/またはアルコキシ基は、1〜12炭素原子、または1〜10炭素原子、または1〜8炭素原子、または1〜6炭素原子、または1〜4炭素原子を含むことができる。アリール基は、6〜12炭素原子、または6〜10炭素原子、または6〜8炭素原子を含むことができる。適切なハロゲンは、フッ素、塩素、及び臭素を含むことができる。
担体及びマグネシウム含有化合物は、互いに組み合わされて第1の混合物または第1の反応生成物を提供または形成することができる。担体及びマグネシウム含有化合物は、それらの混合中に少なくとも部分的に互いに反応することができる。言い換えれば、担体及びマグネシウム含有化合物は、該担体及びマグネシウム含有化合物が少なくとも部分的に互いに反応して、第1の反応混合物または第1の反応生成物を形成するような反応条件の下で互いに組み合わされ得る。例えば、担体が1つ以上のヒドロキシル基を含有する場合、マグネシウム含有化合物は、ヒドロキシル基のうちの少なくともいくつかと反応して、第1の反応混合物または第1の反応生成物を生成することができる。
担体及びマグネシウム含有化合物が、所望の期間に互いに混合された、及び/または少なくとも部分的に反応した後に、1つ以上の塩素化化合物を第1の混合物または第1の反応生成物と組み合わせて、第2の混合物または第2の反応生成物を提供または形成することができる。例示的な塩素化化合物は、塩化アルミニウムアルキル、1つ以上の塩素原子、フッ素原子、臭素原子、もしくはそれらの任意の組み合わせを含有するハロ置換シラン、有機塩素、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせであり得る、または含むことができるが、それらに限定されない。例示的な塩化アルミニウムアルキルは、塩化ジエチルアルミニウム、塩化ジイソブチルアルミニウム、二塩化エチルアルミニウム、セスキ塩化エチルアルミニウム、二塩化イソブチルアルミニウム、臭化ジエチルアルミニウム、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせを含むことができるが、それらに限定されない。例示的なハロ置換シランは、ジメチルジクロロシラン、クロロトリメチルシラン、メチルトリクロロシラン、ジエチルジクロロシラン、t−塩化ブチルジメチレシリル、n−ブチルトリクロロシラン、塩化トリエトキシシリル、塩化トリメトキシシリル、テトラクロロシラン、テトラブロモシラン、ジメチルジブロモシラン、トリメチルブロモシラン、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせを含むことができるが、それらに限定されない。例示的な有機塩素は、t−塩化ブチル、テトラクロロメタン、クロロホルム、塩化メチル、トリブロモメタン、テトラブロモメタン、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせを含むことができるが、それらに限定されない。1つ以上の実施形態では、1つ以上の塩素化化合物は、1つ以上の塩化アルミニウムアルキルまたは1つ以上のハロ置換シランのいずれかに限定され得る。1つ以上の実施形態では、1つ以上の塩素化化合物は、少なくとも1つの塩化アルミニウムアルキル及び少なくとも1つのハロ置換シランを含むことができる。
塩素化化合物及び第1の反応生成物が、所望の期間に互いに混合された、及び/または反応した後、1つ以上のチタン含有化合物を第2の混合物または第2の反応生成物と組み合わせて、触媒を生成または形成することができる。チタン含有化合物及び第2の反応生成物は、それらを混合している間、少なくとも部分的に互いに反応することができる。言い換えれば、第2の反応生成物は、触媒を生成または形成する反応条件の下で、1つ以上のチタン含有化合物と組み合わされ得る。例えば、チタン含有化合物は、第2の反応生成物と反応して第3の反応混合物または触媒を生成することができる。触媒は、チタン含有化合物と第2の反応生成物との間の反応生成物を含むことができる。
−(CH2−CH2−NH)n−
伸長粘度フィクスチャーによって測定される、ひずみ硬化の勾配(SSH)は、実施例1、9、10、14、16、18、及び19、並びに比較例C3、C9、及びC12〜C15に対して決定され、それらの値は表5に示される。実施例18及び19と、比較例C3、C12、及びC13とを比較する伸長粘度フィクスチャー(EVF)分析も、図4にグラフで示される。図4に示されるように、実施例18及び19は、意外かつ予想外に、150℃の温度で、上で考察及び記載される伸長粘度フィクスチャー試験に従って測定される、ひずみ硬化速度(0.1s−1)の著しい増加を有していた。
実施例1の溶融強度を、全て約0.4g/10分のメルトインデックス(I2)を有する比較例C3及びC15と比較した。図5は、実施例1、C3、及びC15の溶融強度のグラフ表現を描く。図5に示されるように、実施例1のポリエチレンの溶融強度は、意外かつ予想外に、比較例C3及びC15の溶融強度をはるかに超える。
単層フィルムは、実施例18及び19、ならびに比較例C12及びC13から、ブローフィルムプロセスを介して形成された。特定の実施例に応じて、LDPE樹脂(The Dow Chemical Companyによって製造されたLDPE 501i)を、実施例18、19、C12、またはC13のポリエチレン及びLDPE 501i樹脂に基づいて、なしまたは0〜最大30重量%の範囲の様々な量で実施例とブレンドした。LDPE 501i樹脂は、1.9MIのメルトインデックス(I2)を有し、Dow Chemicalから入手した。ブローフィルムは、25μmまたは12.5μmの呼び厚さを有していた。メルトインデックス及び密度に関して本発明のポリエチレンと非常に近い一致を有するため、市販の比較樹脂(C12及びC13)を選択した。より具体的に、実施例18及び比較例C12のポリエチレンは、いずれもメルトインデックス1.0及び密度0.922g/cm3のエチレン/ヘキセンコポリマーであり、実施例19及び比較例C13のポリエチレンは、いずれもメルトインデックス1.0及び密度0.918g/cm3を有するエチレン/ブテンコポリマーであった。そのようにして、実施例18をC12と比較し、実施例19をC13と比較した。
実施例1〜9及び実施例16〜19のポリマーを生成するために使用される同じ触媒の第3及び第4のバッチを調製し、それらを使用して実施例20〜25及び26〜32のポリマーをそれぞれ生成した。これらの第3及び第4の触媒のバッチは、下記表11に照らして当業者に明らかであろう小さな変更とともに、実施例1〜9及び16〜19の第1のバッチについて上で概説されるものと同じ一般手順に従って調製した。そのようにして、これらの触媒もまた、上で考察及び記載される任意の電子供与体の付加なしに調製され、これらの触媒は、「供与体を含まない触媒」とも称され得る。これらの触媒を、Ti、Mg、及びCl−含有量について分析し、その結果は下記表11に示される。
[1] 約4.5〜約14の分子量分布(MWD)と、
伸長粘度フィクスチャー(EVF)によって測定される、約0.75を超えるひずみ硬化の勾配と、
8.33+(4.17×MWD)以上のメルトフロー比(I 21 /I 2 )と、を含む、ポリエチレン。
[2] 前記ポリエチレンが、約6.8〜約14のMWDを有する、[1]に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[3] 前記ポリエチレンが、約6.9〜約14のMWDを有する、[1]に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[4] 前記ポリエチレンが、約7.0〜約14のMWDを有する、[1]に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[5] 前記ポリエチレンが、1,000炭素原子あたり約0.01超かつ1,000炭素原子あたり約0.07未満の長鎖分岐(LCB)を有する、[1]〜[4]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[6] 前記ポリエチレンが、1,000炭素原子あたり約0.05〜0.06の長鎖分岐(LCB)を有する、[1]〜[4]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[7] 前記長鎖分岐が、4以上の炭素原子からなる、[1]〜[6]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[8] 前記ポリエチレンが、約1.4〜約3.0の、LS検出器を使用して計算された重量平均分子量と、RI検出器を使用して計算された重量平均分子量との比、M w (LS)/M w (RI)を有する、[1]〜[7]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[9] 前記ポリエチレンが、約1.4〜約2.8の、LS検出器を使用して計算された重量平均分子量と、RI検出器を使用して計算された重量平均分子量との比、M w (LS)/M w (RI)を有する、[1]〜[7]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[10] 前記ポリエチレンが、約0.5未満のコモノマー不均一性指数(CHI)を有する、[1]〜[9]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[11] 前記ポリエチレンが、不均一分布の短鎖分岐(SCB)を有する、[1]〜[10]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[12] 前記ポリエチレンが、約30〜約60の範囲のメルトフロー比(I 21 /I 2 )を有する、[1]〜[11]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[13] 前記ポリエチレンが、約45〜約60の範囲のメルトフロー比(I 21 /I 2 )を有する、[1]〜[11]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[14] 前記ポリエチレンが、約46〜約60の範囲のメルトフロー比(I 21 /I 2 )を有する、[1]〜[11]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[15] 前記ポリエチレンが、0.91g/cm 3 〜約0.965g/cm 3 の密度を有する、[1]〜[14]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[16] 前記ポリエチレンが、0.945g/cm 3 以上の密度と、a×(3.7463×exp(−1.485×log(MI)))(式中、aが1.5に等しい)以上の溶融強度と、を有する、[1]〜[14]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[17] 前記ポリエチレンが、0.945g/cm 3 以上の密度と、a×(3.7463×exp(−1.485×log(MI)))(式中、aが1.75に等しい)以上の溶融強度と、を有する、[1]〜[14]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[18] 前記ポリエチレンが、0.945g/cm 3 以上の密度と、a×(3.7463×exp(−1.485×log(MI)))(式中、aが1.9に等しい)以上の溶融強度と、を有する、[1]〜[14]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[19] 前記ポリエチレンが、0.945g/cm 3 以下の密度と、a×(3.7463×exp(−1.485×log(MI)))(式中、aが1.2に等しい)以上の溶融強度と、を有する、[1]〜[14]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[20] 前記ポリエチレンが、0.945g/cm 3 以下の密度と、a×(3.7463×exp(−1.485×log(MI)))(式中、aが1.5に等しい)以上の溶融強度と、を有する、[1]〜[14]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[21] 前記ポリエチレンが、0.945g/cm 3 以下の密度と、a×(3.7463×exp(−1.485×log(MI)))(式中、aが1.9に等しい)以上の溶融強度と、を有する、[1]〜[14]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
[22] 前記ポリエチレンが、いずれの電子供与体もしくは供与体化合物も含まないか、または本質的に含まない触媒を使用して作製される、[1]〜[21]のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
上述は本発明の実施形態を対象とするが、本発明の他の及びさらなる実施形態を、その基本的な範囲から逸脱することなく考案することができ、その範囲は以下に続く特許請求の範囲により決定される。
Claims (10)
- 4.97〜7の分子量分布(MWD)と、
TAインスツルメント社のARESレオメータに取り付けた伸長粘度フィクスチャー(EVF)によって0.1s -1 のひずみ速度において150℃で測定される、0.75を超えるひずみ硬化の勾配と、を含む、ポリエチレンであって、
不均一分布の短鎖分岐(SCB)と、8.33+(4.17×MWD)以上のメルトフロー比(I21/I2)と、1,000炭素原子あたり0.01〜0.07の長鎖分岐(LCB)とを有する、前記ポリエチレン。 - 前記ポリエチレンが、4.97〜6.83のMWDを有する、請求項1に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
- 前記ポリエチレンが、1,000炭素原子あたり0.05〜0.06の長鎖分岐(LCB)を有する、請求項1〜2のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
- 前記ポリエチレンが、1.4〜3.0の、LS検出器を使用して計算された重量平均分子量と、RI検出器を使用して計算された重量平均分子量との比、Mw(LS)/Mw(RI)を有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
- 前記ポリエチレンが、0.5未満のコモノマー不均一性指数を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
- 前記ポリエチレンが、30〜60の範囲のメルトフロー比(I21/I2)を有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
- 前記ポリエチレンが、0.91g/cm3 〜0.965g/cm3の密度を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
- 前記ポリエチレンが、0.945g/cm3以上の密度と、a×(3.7463×exp(−1.485×log(MI)))(式中、aが1.5に等しい)以上の溶融強度と、を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
- 前記ポリエチレンが、0.945g/cm3以下の密度と、a×(3.7463×exp(−1.485×log(MI)))(式中、aが1.2に等しい)以上の溶融強度と、を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
- 前記ポリエチレンが、いずれの電子供与体もしくは供与体化合物も含まない触媒、または電子供与体もしくは供与体化合物を触媒の総重量に基づき1重量%未満含む触媒を使用して作製される、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の前記ポリエチレン。
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