JP6473841B1 - Cooperative power generation facility and method of utilizing surplus power using the same - Google Patents
Cooperative power generation facility and method of utilizing surplus power using the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【課題】発電電力が商用電力系統に対する連系容量を超えることなく系統連系できる協調型発電設備発を提供する。
【解決手段】第１エネルギー源により電力を発電する第１の発電設備と、第２エネルギー源により電力を発電する第２の発電設備と、を備え、最大供給電力が予め定められた値に制限された協調型発電設備であって、協調型発電設備は、更に発電出力調整設備を備え、第１の発電設備の現在の発電出力である第１の現在発電出力と第２の発電設備の現在の発電出力である第２の現在発電出力との合成である現在合成発電出力が、最大供給電力の第１の設定値２３または最大供給電力の第２の設定値２４に到達したときに、発電出力調整設備により、現在合成発電出力をゼロから第２の発電設備の最大発電出力の間で調整する。
【選択図】図２To provide a cooperative power generation facility capable of grid interconnection without generating power exceeding a grid capacity for a commercial power grid.
A first power generation facility that generates electric power from a first energy source and a second power generation facility that generates electric power from a second energy source, the maximum supply power being limited to a predetermined value. The coordinated power generation facility further includes a power generation output adjustment facility, and the first current power output that is the current power output of the first power generation facility and the current power generation facility of the second power generation facility. When the current combined generation output, which is a combination of the second current generation output and the second generation generation output, reaches the first set value 23 of the maximum supply power or the second set value 24 of the maximum supply power, The current combined power output is adjusted from zero to the maximum power output of the second power generation facility by the output adjustment facility.
[Selection] Figure 2
Description
本発明は、再生可能エネルギーを用いた協調型発電設備およびそれを用いた余剰電力の活用方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a cooperative power generation facility using renewable energy and a method for utilizing surplus power using the same.
枯渇の可能性がある化石エネルギーを用いずに、自然界に存在する再生可能エネルギーを電力エネルギーに変換する代表的な発電方法として太陽光発電と風力発電を挙げることができる。これら再生可能エネルギー利用した発電は、地球温暖化の主因となる二酸化炭素をほとんど発生させないことから、地球規模の温暖化という環境問題を解決する手段として全世界で普及が進行しつつある。 Solar power generation and wind power generation can be cited as typical power generation methods for converting renewable energy existing in nature into electric power energy without using fossil energy that may be depleted. Since power generation using these renewable energies generates almost no carbon dioxide, which is a major cause of global warming, it is spreading worldwide as a means of solving the environmental problem of global warming.
一方、再生可能エネルギー利用した発電設備で発電された電力は、多くの場合、商用の電力系統に連系されるが、現時点の国内では、連系容量の空きがないことによる発電設備への連系ができない問題が発生している。 On the other hand, power generated by power generation facilities that use renewable energy is often connected to commercial power systems. However, in Japan, there is no connection capacity to power generation facilities due to the lack of available capacity. There is a problem that the system cannot do.
この問題を解決するための一例として、太陽光発電の発電特性（気象条件・日照時間等による）を活用し、既設の太陽光発電がもつ連系容量内に風力発電を追設し、風力発電の発電電力を制御する、太陽光発電と風力発電を協調させた協調型発電設備などが開発されている。 As an example to solve this problem, wind power generation is added to the interconnection capacity of existing solar power generation by utilizing the power generation characteristics of solar power generation (depending on weather conditions, sunshine hours, etc.). Coordinated power generation facilities that control solar power generation and wind power generation have been developed.
特許文献１では、「ハイブリッド発電制御装置は、第１の発電設備の発電電力を予測する発電電力予測手段と、商用電力系統に対して予め設定された上限の電力である連系容量から発電電力予測手段により予測された第１の発電設備の発電電力の予測値を差し引いた電力値に基づき、第２の発電設備の発電電力の制約値を算出し、算出した制約値を第２の発電設備制御装置に設定する制約値設定手段と、を有するハイブリッド協調型発電設備」が提案されている。 In Patent Document 1, “the hybrid power generation control device generates generated power from the generated power prediction means for predicting the generated power of the first power generation facility, and the interconnection capacity that is the upper limit power preset for the commercial power system. Based on the power value obtained by subtracting the predicted value of the generated power of the first power generation facility predicted by the prediction means, the constraint value of the generated power of the second power generation facility is calculated, and the calculated constraint value is used as the second power generation facility. A “hybrid cooperative power generation facility having constraint value setting means for setting in a control device” has been proposed.
特許文献１は、発電電力が商用電力系統に対する連系容量を超えることなく設備利用率を向上させることが可能なハイブリッド協調型発電設備である。しかしながら、連系容量を超えないように、太陽光発電の発電電力を予測しながら風力発電の風車ブレードのピッチコントロール制御（以下、ピッチ制御）により発電電力を制御するため、周辺環境条件の急激な変動（風速、風向き等の急激な変動）がない状況においては有効な方法であるが、周辺環境条件に急激な変動が生じたときは、発電出力の抑制が必ずしも追従できるとは限らない。また、予測精度が悪い場合には無駄に風力発電の発電電力を抑制する時間帯（回数）が多くなる。 Patent Document 1 is a hybrid cooperative power generation facility capable of improving the facility utilization rate without the generated power exceeding the interconnection capacity with respect to the commercial power system. However, in order not to exceed the interconnection capacity, the generated power is controlled by wind turbine blade pitch control control (hereinafter referred to as pitch control) while predicting the generated power of solar power generation. This is an effective method in situations where there are no fluctuations (rapid fluctuations in wind speed, wind direction, etc.), but when there are sudden fluctuations in the surrounding environmental conditions, the suppression of power generation output cannot always follow. In addition, when the prediction accuracy is poor, the time zone (number of times) for suppressing the power generated by wind power generation is increased.
本発明は、前記の課題を解決するための発明であって、発電電力が商用電力系統に対する連系容量を超えることなく系統連系できる協調型発電設備とそれを用いた余剰電力の活用方法を提供することを目的とする。特に、発電出力調整設備を用いることで、システムとしての発電出力をゼロから最大発電出力の間で調整することを特徴とし、余剰電力が出る場合にはそれを有効に活用することを目的とする。 The present invention is an invention for solving the above-described problems, and provides a cooperative power generation facility capable of grid interconnection without generating power exceeding the interconnection capacity for a commercial power grid, and a method for utilizing surplus power using the same. The purpose is to provide. In particular, it is characterized by adjusting the power generation output as a system from zero to the maximum power generation output by using the power generation output adjustment equipment, and it aims to make effective use of surplus power when it is generated .
前記した課題を解決するために、本発明に係る協調型発電設備は、第１エネルギー源により電力を発電する第１の発電設備と、第２エネルギー源により電力を発電する第２の発電設備と、を備え、最大供給電力が予め定められた値に制限された協調型発電設備であって、協調型発電設備は、更に発電出力調整設備を備え、第１の発電設備の現在の発電出力である第１の現在発電出力と第２の発電設備の現在の発電出力である第２の現在発電出力との合成である現在合成発電出力が、最大供給電力の第１の設定値に到達したときに、最大供給電力の第１の設定値に対する正の方向の超過電力相当分を、第２の現在発電出力から減少させ、現在合成発電出力が最大供給電力の第２の設定値に到達したときに、最大供給電力の第２の設定値に対する負の方向の超過電力相当分に、最大供給電力の第１の設定値に相当する電力と最大供給電力の第２の設定値に相当する電力との差分に相当する電力を加えた、合計電力相当分を第２の現在発電出力に増加させることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-described problem, a cooperative power generation facility according to the present invention includes a first power generation facility that generates power using a first energy source, and a second power generation facility that generates power using a second energy source. , Wherein the maximum power supply is limited to a predetermined value, and the cooperative power generation facility further includes a power generation output adjustment facility, wherein the current power output of the first power generation facility is When a current combined power output, which is a combination of a first current power output and a second current power output that is the current power output of the second power generation facility , reaches the first set value of the maximum supply power When the excess power equivalent to the first set value of the maximum supply power in the positive direction is decreased from the second current power output, and the current combined power output reaches the second set value of the maximum power supply To the second set value of the maximum power supply Equivalent to the excess power in the direction of the total power equivalent to the difference between the power corresponding to the first set value of the maximum supply power and the power corresponding to the second set value of the maximum supply power The minute is increased to the second current power output .
ここでの発電出力調整設備は、可変抵抗設備、フライホイール設備、超電導電力貯蔵ＳＭＥＳ設備、インダクタ設備、電気二重層キャパシタ設備のうちいずれか１つ、またはこれらのうち２つ以上の組合せにより構成することで解決できる。また、本発明のその他の態様については、後記する実施形態において説明する。 Power output adjustment facilities in here, the variable resistor equipment, flywheel equipment, superconducting power storage SMES equipment, inductor facilities, any one of an electric double layer capacitor equipment, or constituted by combination of two or more of these This can be solved. Further, other aspects of the present invention will be described in the embodiments described later.
本発明によれば、発電電力が商用電力系統に対する連系容量を超えることなく系統連系できる協調型発電設備とそれを用いた余剰電力の活用方法を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a cooperative power generation facility capable of grid interconnection without generating power exceeding the interconnection capacity for the commercial power grid, and a surplus power utilization method using the same.
以下、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
ここでの第１の発電設備は太陽光発電設備、第２の発電設備は風力発電設備であり、以下で述べる太陽光発電設備と風力発電設備の容量は、太陽光発電設備を１００としたときに風力発電設備を５０としている。本発明の実施形態では、２つの発電設備の一例として、第１の発電設備を太陽光発電設備、第２の発電設備を風力発電設備としているが、本組み合わせは太陽光発電設備と風力発電設備には限定されない。例えば、複数の太陽光発電設備の組み合わせ、複数の風力発電設備との組み合わせ、または水力発電やバイオマス発電との組み合わせなど、どのような発電設備を用いても何ら問題ない。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
Here, the first power generation facility is a solar power generation facility, the second power generation facility is a wind power generation facility, and the capacity of the solar power generation facility and the wind power generation facility described below is assumed to be 100. The number of wind power generation facilities is 50. In the embodiment of the present invention, as an example of the two power generation facilities, the first power generation facility is a solar power generation facility and the second power generation facility is a wind power generation facility, but this combination is a solar power generation facility and a wind power generation facility. It is not limited to. For example, there is no problem even if any power generation facility is used, such as a combination of a plurality of solar power generation facilities, a combination with a plurality of wind power generation facilities, or a combination with hydropower generation or biomass power generation.
本発明においては、主に既接続の第１の発電設備に、第２の発電設備を新規に追加設置すること、ならびに第１の発電設備と第２の発電設備を新規で同時に設置することを想定している。なお、本実施形態では、前者を想定して主に記述するが、後者の場合でも何ら問題なく適用できる。 In the present invention, the second power generation facility is newly newly installed mainly in the already-connected first power generation facility, and the first power generation facility and the second power generation facility are newly installed at the same time. Assumed. In this embodiment, the description is mainly made on the assumption of the former, but the present invention can be applied without any problem even in the latter case.
例えば、既設の太陽光発電設備に風力発電設備を新規追加する場合であり、あるいはその逆の場合である。前者で追加設置した場合、その発電サイトは連系点において商用電力系統と接続されるが、連系容量は第１の発電設備の最大出力で定まることから変更されないのが一般的である。つまり、連系容量を超える電力を商用の電力系統へ供給することはできないのが一般的である。なお、本実施形態では、連系容量を超えないように電力を供給することを想定して記述しているが、連系容量に限らず、予め設定した任意の発電電力であっても何ら問題なく適用できる。 For example, it is a case where a wind power generation facility is newly added to an existing solar power generation facility, or vice versa. When the former is additionally installed, the power generation site is connected to the commercial power system at the connection point, but the connection capacity is generally not changed because it is determined by the maximum output of the first power generation facility. That is, it is general that electric power exceeding the interconnection capacity cannot be supplied to a commercial electric power system. In this embodiment, the description is made assuming that power is supplied so as not to exceed the interconnection capacity. However, the present invention is not limited to the interconnection capacity, and there is no problem even if the generated power is set in advance. Applicable without any problem.
また、本発明の実施形態では、図２で説明する発電出力調整設備は蓄電設備、図４で説明する発電出力調整設備は可変抵抗設備を使用するなど、各種設備を用いているがその効果は大差ないことを確認している。ここで、可変抵抗設備には、液体抵抗器（水抵抗器）を使用している。これは、電極のある容器に水や電解液を満たしたものであり、液中で電極の位置を近づけたり、離したりすることで抵抗値を無段階的に変化させることができる。同様の効果が得られるものとして乾式抵抗器も使用できる。また、これにパワーコンディショナーなどを組みあわせることでも問題ない。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the power generation output adjustment facility described in FIG. 2 uses a power storage facility, and the power generation output adjustment facility described in FIG. 4 uses a variable resistance facility. It is confirmed that there is no big difference. Here, a liquid resistor (water resistor) is used for the variable resistance equipment. In this case, a container with electrodes is filled with water or an electrolytic solution, and the resistance value can be changed steplessly by moving the position of the electrode closer to or away from the container. A dry resistor can be used as the same effect. Also, there is no problem in combining this with a power conditioner.
発電出力調整設備の容量は太陽光発電設備を１００としたときにそれぞれ２５〜５０としている。ただし、この割合は特に限定されるものではない。なお、各図面において、共通する構成要素には同一の符号を付し、重複した説明を省略する。 The capacity of the power generation output adjustment facility is set to 25 to 50 when the solar power generation facility is 100. However, this ratio is not particularly limited. In addition, in each drawing, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to a common component and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.
図１は、実施形態に係る協調型発電設備１０の構成の例を示す図である。図１は、第１エネルギー源により電力を発電する第１の発電設備１１として太陽光発電設備と、第２エネルギー源により電力を発電する第２の発電設備１２として風力発電設備を用いた協調型発電設備の構成図を示す。 Drawing 1 is a figure showing an example of composition of cooperation type power generation equipment 10 concerning an embodiment. FIG. 1 shows a cooperative type using a solar power generation facility as a first power generation facility 11 that generates electric power from a first energy source and a wind power generation facility as a second power generation facility 12 that generates electric power from a second energy source. The block diagram of power generation equipment is shown.
図１に示すように、協調型発電設備１０は、第１の発電設備１１と、第２の発電設備１２と、発電出力調整設備１３と、第１の発電設備と第２の発電設備の出力合成部１４とを含んで構成される。その出力は、変電所１５を介して、商用電力系統１６へ供給される。なお、自家発電の形態でも本発明を適用できる。すなわち、合成出力を商用電力系統以外へ供給してもなんら問題ない。 As shown in FIG. 1, the cooperative power generation facility 10 includes a first power generation facility 11, a second power generation facility 12, a power generation output adjustment facility 13, outputs of the first power generation facility and the second power generation facility. And a combining unit 14. The output is supplied to the commercial power grid 16 via the substation 15. Note that the present invention can also be applied to a form of in-house power generation. That is, there is no problem even if the combined output is supplied to other than the commercial power system.
なお、図１において、矢印付きの太実線は、電力線および電力が流れる方向を表している。また、この電力線（矢印付きの太実線）の途中には、直流電力を交流電力に変換するインバータや変圧器などが適宜設けられているが、ここでは、その図示を省略している。また、太陽光発電設備に用いられる太陽光発電パネルは、多結晶シリコン型発電素子、単結晶シリコン型発電素子、薄膜型発電素子などで構成されるものとするが、素子の種類を特に限定するものではない。 In FIG. 1, a thick solid line with an arrow represents a power line and a direction in which power flows. Further, in the middle of the power line (thick solid line with an arrow), an inverter, a transformer, and the like that convert DC power into AC power are provided as appropriate, but illustration thereof is omitted here. In addition, the solar power generation panel used for the solar power generation facility is composed of a polycrystalline silicon type power generation element, a single crystal silicon type power generation element, a thin film type power generation element, etc., but the type of the element is particularly limited. It is not a thing.
本実施形態に係る発電出力調整設備１３は、第１の発電設備１１と、第２の発電設備１２と、第１の発電設備１１と第２の発電設備１２の出力合成部１４と、第２の発電設備１２の出力部との中間に配される。最大供給電力が予め定められた値に制限された協調型発電設備１０において、発電出力調整設備１３は、第１の発電設備１１の現在の発電出力である第１の現在発電出力と、第２の発電設備１２の現在の発電出力である第２の現在発電出力との合成である現在合成発電出力が、最大供給電力の第１の設定値または最大供給電力の第２の設定値に到達したときに、第２の現在発電出力をゼロから、第２の発電設備１２の最大発電出力の間で調整するというものである。 The power generation output adjustment facility 13 according to the present embodiment includes a first power generation facility 11, a second power generation facility 12, an output combining unit 14 of the first power generation facility 11 and the second power generation facility 12, and a second It is arranged in the middle of the output part of the power generation facility 12. In the cooperative power generation facility 10 in which the maximum supply power is limited to a predetermined value, the power generation output adjustment facility 13 includes a first current power output that is the current power output of the first power generation facility 11, The current combined power output, which is a combination with the second current power output that is the current power output of the power generation facility 12, has reached the first set value of the maximum supply power or the second set value of the maximum supply power Sometimes, the second current power generation output is adjusted from zero to the maximum power generation output of the second power generation facility 12.
さらに詳細に説明するなら、現在合成発電出力が最大供給電力の第１の設定値に到達したときに、最大供給電力の第１の設定値に対する正の方向の超過電力相当分を第２の現在発電出力から減少させる。一方、現在合成発電出力が最大供給電力の第２の設定値に到達したときに、最大供給電力の第２の設定値に対する負の方向の超過電力相当分に、最大供給電力の第１の設定値に相当する電力と最大供給電力の第２の設定値に相当する電力との差分に相当する電力を加えた、合計電力相当分を第２の現在発電出力に増加させる。例えば、発電出力調整設備１３に可変抵抗設備を用いる場合には、第１の発電設備１１および第２の発電設備１２の出力合成部１４に応じて、抵抗値を増減しながら発電電力を調整する機能が備えられている。 More specifically, when the current combined power output reaches the first set value of the maximum supply power, the excess power equivalent to the first set value of the maximum supply power in the positive direction is set to the second current value. Reduce from power generation output. On the other hand, when the current combined power generation output reaches the second set value of the maximum supply power, the first setting of the maximum supply power is equivalent to the excess power in the negative direction with respect to the second set value of the maximum supply power. A power corresponding to the difference between the power corresponding to the value and the power corresponding to the second set value of the maximum supply power is added to the second current power generation output. For example, when a variable resistance facility is used for the power generation output adjustment facility 13, the generated power is adjusted while increasing or decreasing the resistance value according to the output combining unit 14 of the first power generation facility 11 and the second power generation facility 12. Features are provided.
また、発電出力調整設備１３に蓄電設備（蓄電池）を用いる場合には、第１の発電設備１１および第２の発電設備１２の出力合成部１４に応じて、蓄電池の充放電を繰り返しながら発電電力を調整する機能が備えられている。 In addition, when a power storage facility (storage battery) is used as the power generation output adjustment facility 13, the generated power is generated while repeating charging and discharging of the storage battery according to the output combining unit 14 of the first power generation facility 11 and the second power generation facility 12. The function to adjust is provided.
図２は、図１における発電出力調整設備１３を用いて、第１の発電設備１１および第２の発電設備１２の出力合成部１４で得られる合成出力を減少および増加した場合の協調型発電設備１０の合成出力２１の時間推移である。図において、グラフの横軸は時間、縦軸は合成出力を表している。単位は任意である。ここでは連系容量２２に対し、その９５％の合成出力を第１の設定値２３とし、１０％の合成出力を第２の設定値２４にした。図から明らかなように、合成出力２１が第１の設定値２３を超えた場合には、発電出力調整設備１３により合成出力を減少させている。 FIG. 2 shows a cooperative power generation facility when the combined output obtained by the output combining unit 14 of the first power generation facility 11 and the second power generation facility 12 is decreased and increased using the power generation output adjustment facility 13 in FIG. This is a time transition of 10 composite outputs 21. In the figure, the horizontal axis of the graph represents time, and the vertical axis represents the combined output. The unit is arbitrary. Here, for the interconnection capacity 22, 95% of the combined output is set to the first set value 23, and 10% of the combined output is set to the second set value 24. As is apparent from the figure, when the combined output 21 exceeds the first set value 23, the combined output is decreased by the power generation output adjusting equipment 13.
これに対し、合成出力２１が第２の設定値２４を下回った場合には、発電出力調整設備１３により合成出力２１を増加させている。時刻Ｔ１から時刻Ｔ２の時間、および時刻Ｔ３から時刻Ｔ４の時間では、負の方向の超過電力相当分と最大供給電力の第１の設定値に相当する電力の和を増加するように制御を行った。 On the other hand, when the combined output 21 falls below the second set value 24, the combined output 21 is increased by the power generation output adjustment facility 13. In the time from time T1 to time T2 and from time T3 to time T4, control is performed so as to increase the sum of power corresponding to the excess power in the negative direction and the first set value of the maximum power supply. It was.
なお、ここでは発電出力調整設備１３に蓄電設備（蓄電池）を用いたが、第１の発電設備１１および第２の発電設備１２の出力合成部１４に応じて、蓄電池の充放電を繰り返しながら発電電力を調整していることが確認できた。また、フライホイール設備、超電導電力貯蔵ＳＭＥＳ設備、インダクタ設備、電気二重層キャパシタ設備を用いても同様の効果が得られる。さらに、可変抵抗設備は後述するように第１の設定値のみ定めて運転するため、発電出力調整設備１３では減少することしかできないが、その場合は同様の効果が得られることが確認できた。具体的には、図４の説明で述べる。 Here, the power storage facility (storage battery) is used as the power generation output adjustment facility 13, but power generation is performed while charging and discharging of the storage battery is repeated according to the output combining unit 14 of the first power generation facility 11 and the second power generation facility 12. It was confirmed that the power was adjusted. Similar effects can be obtained by using flywheel equipment, superconducting power storage SMES equipment, inductor equipment, and electric double layer capacitor equipment. Furthermore, since the variable resistance equipment is operated by determining only the first set value as will be described later, it can only be reduced by the power generation output adjustment equipment 13, but in this case, it has been confirmed that the same effect can be obtained. Specifically, this will be described with reference to FIG.
図３（ａ）および（ｂ）は、協調型発電設備の構成例である。（ａ）は、第１の発電設備１１と第２の発電設備１２の出力合成部１４と、第１の発電設備１１あるいは第２の発電設備１２のそれぞれの出力部との中間に発電出力調整設備１３を配した例である。（ｂ）は、第１の発電設備１１と、第１の発電設備１１と第２の発電設備１２の出力合成部１４との中間に発電出力調整設備１７を配し、第２の発電設備１２と、第１の発電設備１１と第２の発電設備１２の出力合成部１４との中間に発電出力調整設備１３を配した例である。どちらを用いた場合でも、本発明における目的はクリアできるが、特に図３（ｂ）の場合には発電出力調整設備１３を複数台設置するため、初期コストが増大する。 3A and 3B are configuration examples of the cooperative power generation facility. (A) is a power generation output adjustment in the middle between the output combining unit 14 of the first power generation facility 11 and the second power generation facility 12 and each output unit of the first power generation facility 11 or the second power generation facility 12. This is an example in which equipment 13 is arranged. In (b), a power generation output adjustment facility 17 is arranged between the first power generation facility 11 and the output combining unit 14 of the first power generation facility 11 and the second power generation facility 12. In this example, the power generation output adjustment facility 13 is arranged between the first power generation facility 11 and the output combining unit 14 of the second power generation facility 12. Whichever is used, the object in the present invention can be cleared, but particularly in the case of FIG. 3B, since a plurality of power generation output adjusting facilities 13 are installed, the initial cost increases.
図４は、協調型発電設備１０において、発電出力調整設備１３として可変抵抗設備だけを適用した場合の合成出力４１の時間推移である。ここでは連系容量２２に対し、その９５％の合成出力を第１の設定値２３とした。最大供給電力の第２の設定値は、最大供給電力の第１の設定値２３と等しい値に設定し、正の方向の超過電力相当分の処理のみ行っている。図から明らかなように、合成出力４１が第１の設定値２３を超えた場合には、発電出力調整設備１３により合成出力を減少させている。上述したように、発電出力調整設備１３として、蓄電設備、フライホイール設備、超電導電力貯蔵ＳＭＥＳ設備、インダクタ設備、電気二重層キャパシタ設備を用いても同様の効果が得られたが、合成出力の変化に対する応答性は可変抵抗設備が最も優れており、合成出力４１が連系容量を超過することはほぼ皆無であった。 FIG. 4 is a time transition of the combined output 41 when only the variable resistance facility is applied as the power generation output adjustment facility 13 in the cooperative power generation facility 10. Here, the combined output of 95% of the interconnection capacity 22 is the first set value 23. The second set value of the maximum supply power is set to a value equal to the first set value 23 of the maximum supply power, and only the process corresponding to the excess power in the positive direction is performed. As is apparent from the figure, when the combined output 41 exceeds the first set value 23, the combined output is decreased by the power generation output adjusting equipment 13. As described above, the same effect was obtained even when the power generation output adjusting equipment 13 was the power storage equipment, the flywheel equipment, the superconducting power storage SMES equipment, the inductor equipment, or the electric double layer capacitor equipment. The variable resistance equipment is the most excellent in the response to, and the composite output 41 hardly exceeded the interconnection capacity.
図５は、協調型発電設備１０に（第１＋第２）の発電設備の合成出力制御部５７と、発電電力の出力制御判定機能５８が付加されている。図５において、矢印付きの太実線は、電力線および電力が流れる方向を表し、矢印付きの細実線は、制御または情報の伝送線およびその伝送方向を表している。また、この電力線（矢印付きの太実線）の途中には、直流電力を交流電力に変換するインバータや変圧器などが適宜設けられているが、ここでは、その図示を省略している。 In FIG. 5, the combined output control unit 57 of the (first + second) power generation facility and the output control determination function 58 of the generated power are added to the cooperative power generation facility 10. In FIG. 5, a thick solid line with an arrow represents a power line and a direction in which power flows, and a thin solid line with an arrow represents a control or information transmission line and a transmission direction thereof. Further, in the middle of the power line (thick solid line with an arrow), an inverter, a transformer, and the like that convert DC power into AC power are provided as appropriate, but illustration thereof is omitted here.
発電電力の出力制御判定機能５８は、経済性を考慮し、現時点での制御を、第１の発電設備１１のみ、第２の発電設備１２のみ、発電出力調整設備１３のみ、あるいは２つ以上の組み合わせで行うのかを判定するものである。特に、売電単価が発電設備の種類によって変わる場合にこの機能は有効である。また、経済性のみならず、天候や季節、時間帯に応じて出力制御する設備を変えることは有効であり、判定条件としてそのような項目を入れておくことは効果的である。 The output control determination function 58 of the generated power considers the economy and controls the current control only for the first power generation facility 11, only the second power generation facility 12, only the power generation output adjustment facility 13, or two or more It is determined whether to perform the combination. In particular, this function is effective when the power selling unit price varies depending on the type of power generation equipment. Moreover, it is effective to change the equipment for output control according to the weather, season, and time zone as well as economy, and it is effective to include such items as judgment conditions.
図６は、第１の設定値および第２の設定値の決定する場合の処理を示すフローチャートを示す。事業採算性を考慮して協調型発電設備１０の設置場所が決定したら、その設置場所の地形および風況や日射量などの調査や特徴分析を行ったうえで、第１の設定値および第２の設定値を決定する。 FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a process for determining the first set value and the second set value. When the installation location of the cooperative power generation facility 10 is determined in consideration of business profitability, the first set value and the second Determine the setting value.
図７は、協調型発電設備１０によって発電される、第１の発電設備１１と第２の発電設備１２の合成出力の時間推移の例を示した図である。図において、グラフの横軸は時間を表し、縦軸は合成出力を表す。単位は任意である。ここでは、第１の設定値２３は連系容量２２と同じ値に設定している。図７（ａ）は第１の発電設備１１と第２の発電設備１２をフリーに発電させ、かつ発電出力調整設備１３を稼働させない場合、図７（ｂ）は第１の発電設備１１と第２の発電設備１２の合成出力が連系容量に到達した場合に発電出力調整設備１３を用いて出力制御した場合、図７（ｃ）は第１の発電設備１１と第２の発電設備１２の合成出力が連系容量２２（第１の設定値２３）の９７％に到達した場合に第２の発電設備１２である風力発電設備の風車のピッチ制御を用いて出力制御した場合、図７（ｄ）は図７（ｂ）と（ｃ）を組み合わせ、連系容量２２（第１の設定値）の９７％に到達した場合に第２の発電設備１２である風力発電設備の風車のピッチ制御を稼働させ、かつ連系容量２２（第１の設定値２３）に到達した場合、発電出力調整設備１３を稼働させて出力制御した場合を示す。なお、ここでは、発電出力調整設備１３には可変抵抗設備を使用した。 FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a time transition of the combined output of the first power generation facility 11 and the second power generation facility 12 generated by the cooperative power generation facility 10. In the figure, the horizontal axis of the graph represents time, and the vertical axis represents the combined output. The unit is arbitrary. Here, the first set value 23 is set to the same value as the interconnection capacity 22. FIG. 7A shows a case where the first power generation facility 11 and the second power generation facility 12 are generated freely and the power generation output adjustment facility 13 is not operated. FIG. 7B shows the first power generation facility 11 and the second power generation facility 12. When output control is performed using the power generation output adjustment facility 13 when the combined output of the second power generation facility 12 reaches the interconnection capacity, FIG. 7C illustrates the first power generation facility 11 and the second power generation facility 12. When the combined output reaches 97% of the interconnection capacity 22 (first set value 23) and output control is performed using the pitch control of the wind turbine of the wind power generation facility that is the second power generation facility 12, FIG. FIG. 7D is a combination of FIG. 7B and FIG. 7C, and the pitch control of the wind turbine of the wind power plant that is the second power plant 12 when 97% of the interconnection capacity 22 (first set value) is reached. , And when the interconnection capacity 22 (first set value 23) is reached, the power generation output Operate the integer facilities 13 shows the case where the output control. Here, a variable resistance facility was used as the power generation output adjustment facility 13.
計測の日の天気は晴れのち曇りであり、太陽が出たり、雲に覆われたりを繰り返していたため、合成発電出力の変動が一部で大きくなっている。結果、図７（ａ）では、合成出力７１が連系容量２２を超過することがわかった。図７（ｂ）では、若干ではあるが、合成出力７２が連系容量２２を超過することがわかったが、のちの検討で連系容量の９５％程度になったときに可変抵抗設備を稼働し、抵抗を変化させることで連系容量２２を超過しない制御が実現できることがわかった。図７（ｃ）では、合成出力７３が連系容量２２を超えることはなかったが、連系容量２２と合成出力７３の差分は発電機会損失であり、若干ではあるが、無駄な出力制御をしていることがわかった。一方で、図７（ｄ）では、合成出力７４は連系容量２２を超過せず、かつ発電機会損失も小さくなることがわかった。具体的には、図7（ｃ）に比べて発電機会損失が５０％以下に低減できることがわかった。 The weather on the day of the measurement was sunny and cloudy, and the sun generated and covered with clouds repeatedly, so the fluctuations in the combined power output increased in part. As a result, in FIG. 7A, it was found that the combined output 71 exceeds the interconnection capacity 22. In FIG. 7B, it was found that the composite output 72 exceeded the interconnection capacity 22 although it was slightly, but the variable resistance equipment was activated when it became about 95% of the interconnection capacity in the later examination. And it turned out that the control which does not exceed the interconnection capacity | capacitance 22 is realizable by changing resistance. In FIG. 7 (c), the combined output 73 did not exceed the interconnection capacity 22, but the difference between the interconnection capacity 22 and the combined output 73 is a power generation opportunity loss. I found out. On the other hand, in FIG. 7D, it was found that the combined output 74 does not exceed the interconnection capacity 22, and the power generation opportunity loss is reduced. Specifically, it was found that the power generation opportunity loss can be reduced to 50% or less compared to FIG.
図８には、第１の発電設備１１に電力計８７、第２の発電設備１２に電力計８８、発電出力調整設備１３に電力計８９がそれぞれ設けられているが、この電力計は必要に応じて増減しても問題はない。また、設置場所も特に限定しない。ただし、発電設備により売電単価が異なるような場合には、どの発電設備からどれだけの電力を出力したかを明確にできるような設置が必要となる。 In FIG. 8, a wattmeter 87 is provided in the first power generation facility 11, a wattmeter 88 is provided in the second power generation facility 12, and a wattmeter 89 is provided in the power generation output adjustment facility 13. There is no problem to increase or decrease accordingly. Also, the installation location is not particularly limited. However, when the power selling unit price varies depending on the power generation equipment, it is necessary to install the power generation equipment so that it can be clarified how much power is output from which power generation equipment.
図９は、発電出力調整設備１３のスケジュール運転の一例を示す図である。図中に示す波形が発電出力調整設備１３の稼働スケジュール９１である。この一例では、発電出力調整設備１３に可変抵抗設備を使用している。図９から明らかなように、第１の発電設備１１が発電しない時間帯である夜間から早朝では、発電出力調整設備１３は稼働させずに停止する一方で、太陽光発電設備が発電する時間帯では、発電出力調整設備１３を稼働させている。これは時間帯だけでなく、天候によっても使い分けることができる。すなわち、雨の日など連系容量を超過することがない場合には、発電出力調整設備１３は停止していてもなんら問題はない。また、複数台の可変抵抗設備を設置している場合には、天候などに応じてすべての可変抵抗設備を稼働させずに、必要台数のみ稼働準備に入っていれば良い。また、日射量予測や風況予測を活用することで、効率良く発電出力調整設備１３を稼働させることが可能となる場合もある。 FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schedule operation of the power generation output adjustment facility 13. The waveform shown in the figure is the operation schedule 91 of the power generation output adjustment facility 13. In this example, a variable resistance facility is used for the power generation output adjustment facility 13. As is clear from FIG. 9, from the night when the first power generation facility 11 does not generate power to the early morning, the power generation output adjustment facility 13 stops without being operated, while the solar power generation facility generates power. Then, the power generation output adjustment equipment 13 is operated. This can be used differently depending on the weather as well as the time of day. That is, there is no problem even if the power generation output adjustment facility 13 is stopped when the interconnection capacity is not exceeded, such as on a rainy day. In addition, when a plurality of variable resistance facilities are installed, it is sufficient that only the necessary number of units are ready for operation without operating all the variable resistance facilities according to the weather. Further, by utilizing the solar radiation amount prediction and the wind condition prediction, it may be possible to operate the power generation output adjustment facility 13 efficiently.
ここで、日射量や風況予測は、気象観測所等から取得される情報に基づき、現時点から所定の時間の間の日射量や風速などを予測し、その予測結果に基づき合成出力を予測するというものである。ここでいう気象観測所とは、気象衛星、気象台、測候所、その他の気象観測ポイントで観測された気象データを提供する気象情報提供センタのことを指す。気象観測所は、第１の発電設備１１や第２の発電設備１２の近傍に独自に設けられたものであってもよい。この場合には、近傍で観測された日射量、気圧、気温、降水量、相対湿度、風速などのデータを用いることができるため、比較的予測精度の向上が容易となる。また、独自の気象観測所の設置時に、その設置場所を予め最適化しておくことは、合成出力の予測精度向上を図る上で効果があることは言うまでもない。 Here, the amount of solar radiation and wind conditions are predicted based on information obtained from weather stations, etc., and the amount of solar radiation and wind speed during a predetermined time from the current time are predicted, and the combined output is predicted based on the prediction results. That's it. The meteorological station here refers to a meteorological information providing center that provides meteorological data observed at meteorological satellites, meteorological stations, weather stations, and other meteorological observation points. The weather station may be provided independently in the vicinity of the first power generation facility 11 or the second power generation facility 12. In this case, since it is possible to use data such as the amount of solar radiation, atmospheric pressure, temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and wind speed observed in the vicinity, it is relatively easy to improve the prediction accuracy. Needless to say, optimizing the installation location in advance when installing an original weather station is effective in improving the prediction accuracy of the composite output.
また、ここでいう独自の気象観測所は、気象観測機器に加えて、全天空写真を撮影するための魚眼カメラなどを備えていてもよく、あるいは、この魚眼カメラだけで構成されていてもよい。魚眼カメラでは、全天空における太陽の位置と雲の位置関係を直接に表した画像を得ることができることから、その画像の解析により数秒あるいは数分先の日射量を高精度に予測することができる。 In addition to the meteorological observation equipment, the unique weather station here may be equipped with a fisheye camera for taking all-sky photographs, or it may consist of only this fisheye camera. Also good. With a fisheye camera, it is possible to obtain an image that directly represents the positional relationship between the sun and the clouds in the whole sky, so it is possible to accurately predict the amount of solar radiation several seconds or minutes ahead by analyzing the image. it can.
合成出力を予測する方法としては、様々な方法を用いることができる。例えば、気象衛星による雲画像を利用した日射量予測、気象予報に基づく日射量予測、過去の発電データを利用した日射量予測、さらには、これらを組み合わせた予測など、そのいずれかを用いてもよい。また、これらの他にも、気圧、気温、降水量、相対湿度、風速、および、これらの時間的な変化量から選ばれた１つまたは複数のデータを組み合わせて用いることは、予測の精度向上を図る上で有効である。同様に、風況を予測する方法についても、例えば、気象衛星による雲画像を利用した風況予測、気象予報に基づく風況予測、過去の発電データを利用した風況予測などを用いることができる。 Various methods can be used as a method of predicting the combined output. For example, it is possible to use any one of the following: solar radiation forecast using cloud images from weather satellites, solar radiation forecast based on weather forecasts, solar radiation forecast using past power generation data, or a combination of these. Good. In addition to these, using one or more data selected from atmospheric pressure, temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed, and these temporal changes in combination improves prediction accuracy. It is effective in planning. Similarly, for a method for predicting a wind condition, for example, a wind condition prediction using a cloud image from a weather satellite, a wind condition prediction based on a weather forecast, a wind condition prediction using past power generation data, and the like can be used. .
図１０は、発電出力調整設備１３に可変抵抗設備を用い、それで消費した電力を熱利用する構成例を示す。ここでの例は、変電所１５を介さずに、別ラインで熱利用設備１０７へ供給している。熱利用の一例としては、ビニルハウスへの供給、製氷工場への供給、解氷ヒータへの供給など様々なものが考えられるが、特に限定するものではない。 FIG. 10 shows a configuration example in which a variable resistance facility is used for the power generation output adjustment facility 13 and the power consumed thereby is used as heat. In this example, the heat supply equipment 107 is supplied through a separate line without going through the substation 15. As an example of heat utilization, various things such as supply to a vinyl house, supply to an ice making factory, supply to an ice melting heater can be considered, but it is not particularly limited.
図１１は、発電出力調整設備１３と風車のピッチ制御を併用した場合に連系容量２２（第１の設定値２３）を超えた合成出力において、その余剰分を熱利用することを示した図である。なにも制御しない場合の、合成出力１１１と、発電出力調整設備１３と風車のピッチ制御を併用した合成出力１１２の斜線部を熱利用するという例である。 FIG. 11 is a diagram showing that the surplus portion is used for heat in the combined output exceeding the interconnection capacity 22 (first set value 23) when the power generation output adjusting equipment 13 and the wind turbine pitch control are used together. It is. In this example, the combined output 111 and the shaded portion of the combined output 112 that uses the power generation output adjustment equipment 13 and the wind turbine pitch control in combination when heat is not controlled are used.
本実施形態によれば、複数の発電設備を協調制御する協調型発電設備において、合成発電出力が連系容量に対して高効率に発電することが可能な協調型発電設備の提供を可能とする。また、これにより、単独の発電設備を所有する場合に比べて、経済性をも圧迫しない発電所にすることができる。さらに、現時点で空き容量がゼロまたはごく少量であった地域でも発電所の新規導入を可能にすることができる。 According to the present embodiment, in a cooperative power generation facility that cooperatively controls a plurality of power generation facilities, it is possible to provide a cooperative power generation facility capable of generating a combined power output with high efficiency with respect to the interconnection capacity. . In addition, as a result, it is possible to make a power plant that does not impose economic efficiency compared to the case where a single power generation facility is owned. Furthermore, it is possible to introduce a new power plant even in an area where free space is zero or very small at present.
≪その他の実施形態≫
本発明は、以上に説明した実施形態および変形例に限定されるものではなく、さらに、様々な変形例が含まれる。例えば、前記した実施形態および変形例は、本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも説明した全ての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。また、ある実施形態や変形例の構成の一部を、他の実施形態や変形例の構成に置き換えることが可能であり、また、ある実施形態や変形例の構成に他の実施形態や変形例の構成を加えることも可能である。また、各実施形態や変形例の構成の一部について、他の実施形態や変形例に含まれる構成を追加・削除・置換することも可能である。
<< Other Embodiments >>
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments and modifications described above, and includes various modifications. For example, the above-described embodiments and modifications have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described. In addition, a part of the configuration of an embodiment or modification can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment or modification, and the configuration of another embodiment or modification can be replaced with another embodiment or modification. It is also possible to add the following configuration. In addition, with respect to a part of the configuration of each embodiment or modification, the configuration included in another embodiment or modification may be added, deleted, or replaced.
１０ 協調型発電設備
１１ 第１の発電設備
１２ 第２の発電設備
１３，１７ 発電出力調整設備
１４ 第１の発電設備と第２の発電設備の出力合成部
１５ 変電所
１６ 商用電力系統
２１ 合成出力
２２ 連系容量
２３ 第１の設定値
２４ 第２の設定値
４１ 合成出力
５７ （第１＋第２）の発電設備の合成出力制御部
５８ 合成出力の出力制御判定機能
７１，７２，７３，７４ 合成出力
８７，８８，８９ 電力計
９１ 発電出力調整設備の稼働スケジュール
１０７ 熱利用設備
１１１，１１２ 合成出力
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Cooperative power generation equipment 11 1st power generation equipment 12 2nd power generation equipment 13, 17 Power generation output adjustment equipment 14 Output composition part of 1st power generation equipment and 2nd power generation equipment 15 Substation 16 Commercial power system 21 Composite output 22 interconnected capacity 23 first set value 24 second set value 41 combined output 57 combined output control unit of (first + second) power generation facility 58 combined output output control determination function 71, 72, 73, 74 combined Output 87, 88, 89 Wattmeter 91 Operation schedule of power generation output adjustment equipment 107 Heat utilization equipment 111, 112 Composite output
Claims (10)
第２エネルギー源により電力を発電する第２の発電設備と、を備え、
最大供給電力が予め定められた値に制限された協調型発電設備であって、
前記協調型発電設備は、更に発電出力調整設備を備え、
前記第１の発電設備の現在の発電出力である第１の現在発電出力と前記第２の発電設備の現在の発電出力である第２の現在発電出力との合成である現在合成発電出力が、前記最大供給電力の第１の設定値に到達したときに、前記最大供給電力の第１の設定値に対する正の方向の超過電力相当分を、前記第２の現在発電出力から減少させ、前記現在合成発電出力が前記最大供給電力の第２の設定値に到達したときに、前記最大供給電力の第２の設定値に対する負の方向の超過電力相当分に、前記最大供給電力の第１の設定値に相当する電力と前記最大供給電力の第２の設定値に相当する電力との差分に相当する電力を加えた、合計電力相当分を前記第２の現在発電出力に増加させることを特徴とする協調型発電設備。 A first power generation facility for generating electric power from a first energy source;
A second power generation facility for generating electric power from a second energy source,
A cooperative power generation facility in which the maximum power supply is limited to a predetermined value,
The cooperative power generation facility further includes a power generation output adjustment facility,
A current combined power output that is a combination of a first current power output that is a current power output of the first power generation facility and a second current power output that is a current power output of the second power generation facility; When the first set value of the maximum supply power is reached, the excess power equivalent in the positive direction with respect to the first set value of the maximum supply power is reduced from the second current power output, and the current When the combined generation output reaches the second set value of the maximum supply power, the first setting of the maximum supply power is equivalent to the excess power in the negative direction with respect to the second set value of the maximum supply power. And adding a power corresponding to a difference between a power corresponding to a value and a power corresponding to a second set value of the maximum supply power to increase a total power equivalent to the second current power output. Cooperative power generation equipment.
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の協調型発電設備。 The power generation output adjustment facility is arranged between the output synthesis unit of the first power generation facility, the second power generation facility, and the output unit of the second power generation facility. Coordinated power generation facility described.
ことを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の協調型発電設備。 The power generation output adjustment equipment is constituted by one of power storage equipment, variable resistance equipment, flywheel equipment, superconducting power storage SMES equipment, inductor equipment, electric double layer capacitor equipment, or a combination of two or more thereof. The cooperative power generation facility according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の協調型発電設備。 The first set value of the maximum supply power and the second set value of the maximum supply power are determined based on the topographical location of the place where the cooperative power generation facility is installed and the surrounding environmental conditions such as wind conditions and solar radiation. The cooperative power generation facility according to claim 1.
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の協調型発電設備。 When only the variable resistance facility is selected as the power generation output adjustment facility, the second set value of the maximum supply power is set to a value equal to the first set value of the maximum supply power, and the excess power in the positive direction The cooperative power generation facility according to claim 1 , wherein only a considerable amount of processing is performed.
ことを特徴とする請求項１から請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の協調型発電設備。 The first power generation facility is either a solar power generation facility using sunlight as an energy source or a wind power generation facility using wind power as an energy source, and the second power generation facility is the wind power generation facility, or the The cooperative power generation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the cooperative power generation facility is any one of solar power generation facilities.
ことを特徴とする請求項１から請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の協調型発電設備。 At least one of the power generation output adjustment facilities, or two or more of them, and at least one of pitch control of the wind turbine blade, speed control of the generator, and power conditioner control, or these The combined power generation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the combined output is controlled by combining two or more controls.
ことを特徴とする請求項１から請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の協調型発電設備。 In the cooperative power generation facility composed of the first power generation facility, the second power generation facility, and the power generation output adjustment facility, either one or two or more of the facilities may generate power or supply power. A cooperative power generation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein a measurement meter is installed to measure the power.
ことを特徴とする請求項１から請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の協調型発電設備。 A collaborative power generation facility comprising the first power generation facility, the second power generation facility, and the power generation output adjustment facility, wherein a schedule operation suitable for the weather, time, and season is performed. The cooperative power generation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 5 .
最大供給電力が予め定められた値に制限されており、前記最大供給電力の第１の設定値に到達したときに、前記最大供給電力の第１の設定値に対する正の方向の超過電力相当分を温水に変換して熱利用する
ことを特徴とする協調型発電設備の余剰電力の活用方法。 The cooperative power generation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 5 ,
The maximum supply power is limited to a predetermined value, and when the first set value of the maximum supply power is reached, the excess power equivalent to the first set value of the maximum supply power in the positive direction A method of utilizing surplus power in a cooperative power generation facility, characterized by converting the water into hot water and using it as heat.
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| JP2020171155A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-10-15 | 株式会社日立パワーソリューションズ | Coordinated power generation apparatus, control device, and control method |
| JP2021005912A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2021-01-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Power generation control device, power generation control method and renewable energy hybrid power generation system |
| JP2021006999A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-01-21 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Pricing method, pricing system, and program |
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| WO2018003947A1 (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2018-01-04 | 株式会社日立パワーソリューションズ | Power generation system, power generation control device, power generation control method, and method for increasing interconnected power generation of power generation system |
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