JP6470211B2 - Low temperature liquefied gas vaporizer - Google Patents

Low temperature liquefied gas vaporizer Download PDF

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JP6470211B2
JP6470211B2 JP2016050491A JP2016050491A JP6470211B2 JP 6470211 B2 JP6470211 B2 JP 6470211B2 JP 2016050491 A JP2016050491 A JP 2016050491A JP 2016050491 A JP2016050491 A JP 2016050491A JP 6470211 B2 JP6470211 B2 JP 6470211B2
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temperature liquefied
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隆裕 上村
隆裕 上村
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Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp
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Description

本発明は、低温液化ガス気化装置に関し、詳しくは、低温液化ガスを気化させるための低温液化ガス気化装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer, and more particularly to a low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer for vaporizing a low-temperature liquefied gas.

酸素ガス、窒素ガス、アルゴンガスなどの各種工業ガスは、各種産業において、常温常圧で気体の状態で広く用いられている。各種工業ガスを工場規模で使用する場合は、圧縮ガスボンベでは容量が不足するため、低温液化ガスを貯蔵したコールドエバポレーターに気化器を設置することで、低温液化ガスを気化しながら使用している。低温液化ガス用の気化器としては、内部に低温液化ガスが導入される複数の気化管を鉛直方向に配置し、各気化管内に下方から低温液化ガスを導入し、各気化管の上方から気化ガスを導出するようにしたものが一般的に用いられている（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。   Various industrial gases such as oxygen gas, nitrogen gas, and argon gas are widely used in various industries in a gaseous state at normal temperature and pressure. When various industrial gases are used on a factory scale, compressed gas cylinders are insufficient in capacity. Therefore, by installing a vaporizer in a cold evaporator that stores low-temperature liquefied gas, low-temperature liquefied gas is used while being vaporized. As a vaporizer for low-temperature liquefied gas, a plurality of vaporization tubes into which low-temperature liquefied gas is introduced are arranged in the vertical direction, low-temperature liquefied gas is introduced into each vaporization tube from below, and vaporization is performed from above each vaporization tube. A gas derived from the gas is generally used (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

特開２０１４−１８５５号公報JP 2014-1855 A

しかし、特許文献１に記載された気化器では、気化管周囲の加熱源との熱交換のために気化管の伝熱面積を広くする必要があり、外周に多数のフィンを設けた複数の気化管を直列や並列に接続する必要があった。このため、気化器全体の寸法が大きくなり、低温液化ガス気化装置全体の設備が大掛かりなものとなっていた。また、伝熱効率を考慮して、気化管はアルミニウムで製作されることが多いことから、外部衝撃に対する強度が弱いという欠点もあり、溶接部が多く、熱勾配が大きくなると強度が低下するという問題もあった。さらに、気化器を連続で使用すると、気化管の外周に氷が堆積して気化能力が低下するため、連続気化時間が制限されているという問題もあった。 However, in the vaporizer described in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to widen the heat transfer area of the vaporization tube for heat exchange with a heating source around the vaporization tube, and a plurality of vaporizations provided with a large number of fins on the outer periphery. It was necessary to connect the tubes in series or in parallel. For this reason, the dimension of the whole vaporizer became large and the installation of the whole low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer was large. Also, considering the heat transfer efficiency, the vaporization tube is often made of aluminum, so there is a drawback that the strength against external impact is weak, there are many welds, and the strength decreases as the thermal gradient increases. There was also. Further, when the vaporizer is continuously used, ice accumulates on the outer periphery of the vaporization tube and the vaporization ability is lowered, so that there is a problem that the continuous vaporization time is limited.

そこで本発明は、小規模な設備で安定した状態で低温液化ガスを気化させることができる低温液化ガス気化装置を提供することを目的としている。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer capable of vaporizing a low-temperature liquefied gas in a stable state with a small-scale facility.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明の低温液化ガス気化装置は、低温液化ガスを気化させるための低温液化ガス気化装置であって、一端に低温液化ガス導入部を、他端に気化ガス導出部を、それぞれ備えた管体からなる気化管の前記低温液化ガス導入部に、直径０．０１〜１００μｍの細孔を複数個有する細分化器を設けたことを特徴としている。 In order to achieve the above object, a low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer according to the present invention is a low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer for vaporizing a low-temperature liquefied gas, with a low-temperature liquefied gas inlet at one end and a vaporized gas outlet at the other end. Are provided with a subdividing device having a plurality of pores having a diameter of 0.01 to 100 μm in the low-temperature liquefied gas introduction portion of the vaporization tube comprising the respective tube bodies.

さらに、本発明の低温液化ガス気化装置は、前記細分化器が、前記細孔を１ｍｍ２当たり１００個から１００万個有していること、前記細分化器が、焼結金属フィルタであること、前記細分化器が、低温液化ガス導入部側が拡開した中空円錐形状であることを特徴としている。 Furthermore, in the low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer of the present invention, the subdividing device has 100 to 1 million pores per 1 mm 2 , and the subdividing device is a sintered metal filter. The subdividing device has a hollow conical shape in which the low-temperature liquefied gas introduction part side is expanded.

本発明の低温液化ガス気化装置によれば、直径０．０１〜１００μｍのマイクロメーターレベルの細孔を有する細分化器を気化管の入口側一端部の低温液化ガス導入部の近傍に設けることにより、低温液化ガス導入部から導入された低温液化ガスを細分化器でマイクロメーターレベルのミスト状に細分化して気化管内で速やかに気化させることができ、簡単な構造で、効率よく、安定した状態で低温液化ガスを気化することができる。   According to the low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer of the present invention, by providing a subdivider having micrometer-level pores with a diameter of 0.01 to 100 μm in the vicinity of the low-temperature liquefied gas introduction portion at one end portion on the inlet side of the vaporization tube. The low-temperature liquefied gas introduced from the low-temperature liquefied gas introduction section can be subdivided into micrometer-level mist with a subdivider and quickly vaporized in the vaporization tube, with a simple structure, efficiently and stably The low-temperature liquefied gas can be vaporized.

本発明の低温液化ガス気化装置の一形態例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows one example of the low temperature liquefied gas vaporization apparatus of this invention. 図３のＩＩ−ＩＩ断面図である。It is II-II sectional drawing of FIG. 気化管内から見た細分化器の一形状例を示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows one example of the shape of the subdivider seen from the inside of a vaporization pipe | tube. 細分化器の他の形状例を示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows the other example of a shape of a subdivider.

図１は、本発明の低温液化ガス気化装置の一形態例を示している。本形態例に示す低温液化ガス気化装置１１は、管体からなる気化管１２と、該気化管１２の一端に設けられた低温液化ガス導入部１３と、該気化管１２の他端に設けられた気化ガス導出部１４と、該気化管１２の一端部の前記低温液化ガス導入部１３に連続して設けられた細分化器１５とで形成されている。   FIG. 1 shows an example of a low temperature liquefied gas vaporizer according to the present invention. The low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer 11 shown in this embodiment is provided with a vaporized tube 12 formed of a tubular body, a low-temperature liquefied gas introduction portion 13 provided at one end of the vaporized tube 12, and the other end of the vaporized tube 12. The vaporized gas lead-out part 14 and a subdivider 15 provided continuously to the low-temperature liquefied gas introduction part 13 at one end of the vaporization pipe 12 are formed.

前記低温液化ガス導入部１３には、低温液化ガスを貯留したコールドエバポレーター２１が入口側配管２２を介して接続されており、入口側配管２２には、コールドエバポレーター出口弁２３と、気化管入口弁１６とが設けられ、気化ガス導出部１４には、気化管出口弁１７と、流量計１８とを備えた出口側配管１９が接続されている。   A cold evaporator 21 storing a low-temperature liquefied gas is connected to the low-temperature liquefied gas introduction part 13 via an inlet-side pipe 22, and the inlet-side pipe 22 includes a cold evaporator outlet valve 23 and a vaporization pipe inlet valve. 16, and an outlet side pipe 19 including a vaporizer outlet valve 17 and a flow meter 18 is connected to the vaporized gas outlet 14.

前記気化管１２は、低温液化ガスから気化したガスが通過する配管であり、低温に耐えられる材質、例えば、ステンレス鋼などの金属材料で形成されている。気化管１２の大きさは、低温液化ガスの気化量などの条件によって異なるが、例えば、口径が１／４インチ（６．３５ｍｍ）で、長さが１５０ｍｍ程度の管材を使用することができる。   The vaporization pipe 12 is a pipe through which gas vaporized from a low-temperature liquefied gas passes, and is formed of a material that can withstand low temperatures, for example, a metal material such as stainless steel. The size of the vaporization tube 12 varies depending on conditions such as the vaporization amount of the low-temperature liquefied gas. For example, a tube having a diameter of 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) and a length of about 150 mm can be used.

前記細分化器１５は、図２及び図３に示すように、低温液化ガスが通過する部分に、直径０．０１〜１００μｍのマイクロメーターレベルの細孔１５ａを、好ましくは、１ｍｍ２当たり１００個から１００万個程度、均一に有するもので、低温液化ガス導入部１３側が拡開した中空円錐形状に形成されており、低温液化ガスが通過する部分の面積をできるだけ大きくするとともに、細孔１５ａを通過してマイクロメーターレベルに細分化してミスト状になった低温液化ガスが気化管１２の内周面に向かって流れるようにしている。 As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the subdivider 15 has 100 micrometer-level pores 15 a having a diameter of 0.01 to 100 μm, preferably 100 per mm 2 , in a portion through which a low-temperature liquefied gas passes. About 1 million, and has a hollow conical shape in which the low-temperature liquefied gas introduction portion 13 side is expanded, and the area of the portion through which the low-temperature liquefied gas passes is made as large as possible, and the pores 15a are formed. The low-temperature liquefied gas that has passed through and is subdivided into a micrometer level and made into a mist is allowed to flow toward the inner peripheral surface of the vaporizing tube 12.

この細分化器１５には、マイクロメーターレベルの細孔を有する円錐型の焼結金属フィルタを用いることができる。例えば、低温液化ガス導入部１３側の外径が気化管１２の内径に等しい６．３５ｍｍで、気化管１２の軸線方向の長さ（高さ）が５．５ｍｍの円錐形状に形成した焼結金属フィルタを用いることができる。また、細分化器１５は、低温液化ガス温度に耐えられればよいことから、ステンレス鋼やアルミニウムなどの金属以外にも、フッ素樹脂などの合成樹脂や金属酸化物、炭素などの無機材料も使用できる。   A conical sintered metal filter having micrometer level pores can be used for the subdivider 15. For example, the sintering is formed in a conical shape in which the outer diameter on the low-temperature liquefied gas introduction portion 13 side is 6.35 mm which is equal to the inner diameter of the vaporizing tube 12 and the length (height) in the axial direction of the vaporizing tube 12 is 5.5 mm. A metal filter can be used. Moreover, since the subdivider 15 should just be able to endure low-temperature liquefied gas temperature, in addition to metals, such as stainless steel and aluminum, synthetic resins, such as a fluororesin, metal oxides, and inorganic materials, such as carbon, can also be used. .

前記細孔１５ａの大きさが０．０１μｍ未満であると、ガス中の水分が結露した氷や、ちりやほこりなどで細孔１５ａが塞がりやすくなるため、気化運転中に液化ガスが流通できなくなって気化効率が低下してしまう。一方、細孔１５ａの大きさが１００μｍ以上になると、細分化器１５から噴出された低温液化ガスのミストが大きくなって気化しにくくなり、気化する前に再結合しやすくなって低温液化ガスの液滴となり、気化することなく気化管１２から流出してしまうことがある。また、細分化器１５を円錐形状に形成する場合、気化管１２の長さを細分化器１５の高さの２倍以上に設定することにより、気化効率を向上させることができる。さらに、細孔１５ａが多すぎると、噴出した低温液化ガスのミストが再結合しやすくなることがあり、少なすぎると、低温液化ガスの流量が少なくなって気化効率が低下することがある。   If the size of the pores 15a is less than 0.01 μm, the pores 15a are likely to be blocked by ice condensed with moisture in the gas, dust or dust, so that the liquefied gas cannot be circulated during the vaporization operation. As a result, the vaporization efficiency decreases. On the other hand, when the size of the pores 15a is 100 μm or more, the mist of the low-temperature liquefied gas ejected from the subdivider 15 becomes large and difficult to vaporize, and it becomes easy to recombine before vaporization and the low-temperature liquefied gas The liquid droplets may flow out of the vaporization tube 12 without vaporization. Further, when the subdividing device 15 is formed in a conical shape, the vaporization efficiency can be improved by setting the length of the vaporizing tube 12 to be twice or more the height of the subdividing device 15. Furthermore, if there are too many pores 15a, the mist of the ejected low-temperature liquefied gas may be easily recombined, and if it is too small, the flow rate of the low-temperature liquefied gas may decrease and vaporization efficiency may decrease.

細分化器１５を介して気化管１２内に導入する低温液化ガス量は、コールドエバポレーター出口弁２３や気化管入口弁１６の開度を調節すればよく、また、入口側配管２２に圧力調節弁や流量調節弁を設けてもよい。さらに、低温液化ガスの圧力が低い場合には、昇圧するためのポンプを入口側配管２２に設けることができる。   The amount of the low-temperature liquefied gas introduced into the vaporizing pipe 12 through the subdivider 15 may be adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the cold evaporator outlet valve 23 or the vaporizing pipe inlet valve 16, and the pressure adjusting valve is connected to the inlet side pipe 22. Or a flow control valve. Furthermore, when the pressure of the low-temperature liquefied gas is low, a pump for increasing the pressure can be provided in the inlet side pipe 22.

図１に示す構成の低温液化ガス気化装置を使用して低温液化ガスを気化させる実験を行った。コールドエバポレーター２１には、液化窒素タンク（在槽量２０トン型、ヘッド圧力０．８ＭＰａＧ）を使用した。気化管１２の周囲は外気温である。気化管１２には、口径が１／４インチで、長さが１５０ｍｍのステンレス鋼製管材を使用した。細分化器１５には、平均直径１μｍのマイクロメーターレベルの細孔１５ａを、１ｍｍ２当たり約１万個有する焼結金属フィルタを、低温液化ガス導入部１３側の外径が６．３５ｍｍで、高さが５．５ｍｍの円錐形状に形成したものを使用した。 An experiment for vaporizing the low-temperature liquefied gas was performed using the low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer having the configuration shown in FIG. As the cold evaporator 21, a liquefied nitrogen tank (20 ton type, head pressure 0.8 MPaG) was used. The ambient temperature around the vaporizing tube 12 is outside. For the vaporizing tube 12, a stainless steel tube having a diameter of 1/4 inch and a length of 150 mm was used. The subdivider 15 is a sintered metal filter having about 10,000 micrometer-level pores 15a with an average diameter of 1 μm per 1 mm 2 , and the outer diameter on the low-temperature liquefied gas introduction part 13 side is 6.35 mm. What was formed in the cone shape whose height is 5.5 mm was used.

まず、コールドエバポレーター出口弁２３、気化管入口弁１６及び気化管出口弁１７が閉じていることを確認し、気化管出口弁１７、気化管入口弁１６、コールドエバポレーター出口弁２３の順にバルブを開いた。コールドエバポレーター出口弁２３からの入口側配管２２は、コールドエバポレーター２１から流出した液化窒素によって次第に液化窒素温度に冷却されていき、入口側配管２２が十分に冷却されると、液化窒素が低温液化ガス導入部１３から細分化器１５を通って気化管１２内に流入する。   First, it is confirmed that the cold evaporator outlet valve 23, the vaporizer inlet valve 16 and the vaporizer outlet valve 17 are closed, and the vaporizer outlet valve 17, the vaporizer inlet valve 16, and the cold evaporator outlet valve 23 are opened in this order. It was. The inlet side piping 22 from the cold evaporator outlet valve 23 is gradually cooled to the liquefied nitrogen temperature by the liquefied nitrogen flowing out of the cold evaporator 21, and when the inlet side piping 22 is sufficiently cooled, the liquefied nitrogen is cooled to a low temperature liquefied gas. It flows into the vaporizing tube 12 from the introducing portion 13 through the subdivider 15.

この液化窒素は、気化管１２の入口部分に設置されている細分化器１５を通過することにより、マイクロメーターレベルの液化窒素のミストに細分化される。細分化器１５が円錐形状を有しているため、マイクロメーターレベルに細分化された液化窒素は、気化管１２の内周面に向かって噴出し、外気温に維持されている気化管１２の内周面部分と熱交換して効率よく気化していく。気化後に気化ガス導出部１４から導出した窒素ガスの流量を流量計１８で計測したところ、毎分１００Ｌで１２時間以上安定して気化されていることがわかり、同等の気化器（クライオワン製ＥＡＬ−２５０Ｓ型）の１本当たりの気化管の発生ガス量である毎分８３Ｌ、サイズ１／２インチ×２ｍ（フィン８枚）、連続運転４時間の性能と比較して優れた気化性能であることがわかった。   The liquefied nitrogen passes through a subdividing device 15 installed at the inlet portion of the vaporizing tube 12, and is subdivided into liquefied nitrogen mist at the micrometer level. Since the subdividing device 15 has a conical shape, the liquefied nitrogen subdivided to the micrometer level is ejected toward the inner peripheral surface of the vaporizing tube 12, and the vaporizing tube 12 maintained at the outside temperature. Evaporates efficiently by exchanging heat with the inner peripheral surface. When the flow rate of the nitrogen gas derived from the vaporized gas deriving unit 14 after the vaporization was measured with the flow meter 18, it was found that it was vaporized stably at 100L per minute for 12 hours or more, and an equivalent vaporizer (EAL made by Cryo-One) -250S type) is a gasification tube generated gas volume per minute 83L per minute, size 1/2 inch x 2m (8 fins), excellent vaporization performance compared to 4 hours continuous operation performance I understood it.

細分化器１５を、図４に示す円盤形状の細分化器３１に代えて同様の実験を行った。なお、細孔３１ａの大きさや１ｍｍ２当たり数は、両者とも同じとした。その結果、円盤形状の細分化器３１では、中空円錐形状の細分化器１５に比べて半分以下の時間が経過した時点で流量計１８の出口部から低温液化ガスが噴出してきた。したがって、円盤形状の細分化器３１でも従来に比べて同等以上の気化性能を有しているが、細分化器を中空円錐形状に形成することにより、マイクロメーターレベルの液化窒素のミストを気化管１２の内周面に積極的に接触させ、効果的に熱交換させて気化することができ、低温液化ガスの気化を長時間にわたって安定した状態で継続できることがわかる。 A similar experiment was performed by replacing the subdivider 15 with the disc-shaped subdivider 31 shown in FIG. The size of the pores 31a and the number per 1 mm 2 were the same for both. As a result, in the disc-shaped subdivider 31, the low-temperature liquefied gas has been ejected from the outlet portion of the flow meter 18 at the time when half or less of the time has passed compared to the hollow cone-shaped subdivider 15. Therefore, the disk-shaped subdivider 31 has a vaporization performance equal to or higher than that of the conventional one. However, by forming the subdivider into a hollow conical shape, the mist of liquefied nitrogen at the micrometer level is vaporized tube. 12 can be positively brought into contact with the inner peripheral surface of 12 and effectively exchanged heat to be vaporized, and the vaporization of the low-temperature liquefied gas can be continued in a stable state for a long time.

これらの実験の結果から、従来と同程度の気化ガス量を得るための設備を小規模なものとすることができ、かつ、長時間にわたって安定した状態で低温液化ガスの気化を行うことができる。   From the results of these experiments, the equipment for obtaining the same amount of vaporized gas as the conventional one can be made small, and the low-temperature liquefied gas can be vaporized in a stable state for a long time. .

１１…低温液化ガス気化装置、１２…気化管、１３…低温液化ガス導入部、１４…気化ガス導出部、１５…細分化器、１５ａ…細孔、１６…気化管入口弁、１７…気化管出口弁、１８…流量計、１９…出口側配管、２１…コールドエバポレーター、２２…入口側配管、２３…コールドエバポレーター出口弁、３１…細分化器、３１ａ…細孔 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Low temperature liquefied gas vaporizer, 12 ... Vaporization pipe | tube, 13 ... Low temperature liquefied gas introducing | transducing part, 14 ... Vaporized gas derivation | leading-out part, 15 ... Subdivision device, 15a ... Fine hole, 16 ... Vaporization pipe inlet valve, 17 ... Vaporization pipe Outlet valve, 18 ... flow meter, 19 ... outlet side piping, 21 ... cold evaporator, 22 ... inlet side piping, 23 ... cold evaporator outlet valve, 31 ... subdivider, 31a ... pore

Claims (4)

低温液化ガスを気化させるための低温液化ガス気化装置であって、一端に低温液化ガス導入部を、他端に気化ガス導出部を、それぞれ備えた管体からなる気化管の前記低温液化ガス導入部に、直径０．０１〜１００μｍの細孔を複数個有する細分化器を設けたことを特徴とする低温液化ガス気化装置。 A low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer for vaporizing a low-temperature liquefied gas, wherein the low-temperature liquefied gas is introduced into a vaporized pipe comprising a tubular body provided with a low-temperature liquefied gas introduction part at one end and a vaporized gas lead-out part at the other end, respectively. in part, low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer, characterized in that a subdivision unit having a plurality of pores having a diameter of 0.01 to 100 [mu] m. 前記細分化器は、前記細孔を１ｍｍ２当たり１００個から１００万個有していることを特徴とする請求項１記載の低温液化ガス気化装置。 The low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer according to claim 1, wherein the subdivider has 100 to 1 million pores per 1 mm 2 . 前記細分化器は、焼結金属フィルタであることを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の低温液化ガス気化装置。   The low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the subdividing device is a sintered metal filter. 前記細分化器は、低温液化ガス導入部側が拡開した中空円錐形状であることを特徴とする請求項１乃至３のいずれか１項記載の低温液化ガス気化装置。   The low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the subdividing device has a hollow conical shape in which a low-temperature liquefied gas introduction part side is expanded.
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