JP6421299B1 - Coated seed for direct sowing and direct sowing cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a seed that overcomes both of the disadvantages without losing both of the advantages of conventional iron-coated seeds and the benefits of beetle-coated seeds.
[MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] By covering a seed with an iron powder-containing material and then with a molybdenum-containing material, the present inventor does not impair any of the advantages of an iron-coated seed and a bermory-coated seed, The inventors have conceived that both disadvantages can be overcome and completed the present invention. That is, the present invention provides a coated seed for direct sowing having a coating of an iron powder-containing material that coats the seed and a coating of a molybdenum-containing material that coats the outside of the coating of the iron powder-containing material.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a coated seed suitable for direct sowing cultivation and a direct sowing cultivation method.

  Conventionally, rice cultivation has been carried out by making seedlings from seeds and planting them in paddy fields. In seedling production, a great deal of labor and time is required in the course of seed sowing, germination and seedling raising.

  Labor saving and cost reduction of rice cultivation are desired, and various cultivation methods have been studied and developed. Among them, direct sowing that eliminates the need for seedling production is expected. In direct sowing cultivation, seeds are sown directly in paddy fields without seedling. In the former direct sowing cultivation, germinated seeds were sown on the soil surface of paddy fields. When seeded on the soil surface, oxygen is easily supplied to the seed and germination and growth are good. However, seeds sowed on the surface tend to float in paddy fields. For this reason, in surface sowing, if water is dropped on a paddy field, bird damage such as sparrows occurs, which is a problem.

  In order to solve the above problems in direct sowing cultivation, techniques for iron-coding seeds have been developed. The iron-coated seed is produced by coating a seed with a mixture of iron powder and a salt such as calcined gypsum together with moisture. The iron powder coated on the seed surface is fixed to the surface by rusting due to oxidation. The calcined gypsum reacts with water and solidifies to facilitate coating. Also, salts and water contribute to the oxidation reaction.

  The iron-coated seeds produced in this way become heavy due to iron, so that the seeds are less likely to float even when sown on the soil surface. Moreover, since the surface is hardened by iron coating, bird damage can be prevented. There are also reports that iron coating can prevent seed-borne infectious diseases.

  However, iron-coated seeds have the disadvantage that they are vulnerable to lodging because they are sown on the soil surface. When seeds were sown in the soil to avoid lodging, there was a problem that in paddy fields, there was less oxygen in the soil and harmful sulfides were generated from sulfate ions, resulting in poor germination and seedling establishment. .

  On the other hand, it has been found that when paddy rice seeds are coated with a molybdenum compound, generation of harmful sulfides can be suppressed in flooded direct sowing cultivation (Non-patent Document 1 and Patent Document 1). By coating the seeds with a molybdenum compound that releases molybdate ions in order to suppress the formation of sulfides, there was an effect that seedling establishment was improved even when sowing seeds in soil. However, seed coating with a molybdenum compound is not a method that has a better seedling establishment effect than conventional methods, and has no effect on causes that inhibit seedling establishment other than sulfides.

WO2011 / 093341

Yoshitaka Hara (National Agricultural Research Organization, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center), Effect of combined use of molybdenum in seeding in paddy rice submerged soil using iron and oxygen generators-Inhibition of seedling establishment by gypsum and avoidance by molybdenum-Abstract and Data of Papers to be Presented at the Meeting of the Society. Japanese Journal of Crop Science Volume: 232nd, Page: 118-119, 2011

  An object of the present invention is to provide a seed that overcomes both of the disadvantages without losing both the advantages of conventional iron-coated seeds and benmori-coated seeds. Iron-coated seeds must be surface-seeded and have the disadvantage of being prone to lodging during the growth process, and benmori-coated seeds are vulnerable to bird damage and are susceptible to seed-derived diseases. It aims at providing the seed which overcomes.

  The inventor coated the seeds with iron powder-containing material, and then coated with molybdenum-containing material, without losing both the advantages of the iron-coated seeds and the advantages of the bamboo-coated seeds. The present invention has been completed by finding out that it can be overcome.

  That is, the present invention provides an iron coating layer containing an iron powder-containing material for coating seeds, and an outer coating containing a molybdenum-containing material and / or tungsten-containing material for supplying an oxoanion, which coats the outside of the iron coating layer. And a seed for direct seeding having a layer.

  Moreover, this invention provides the said coating seed for direct sowing whose outer coating layer is a mixture of the said iron oxide containing material, molybdenum trioxide, and polyvinyl alcohol.

  The present invention also provides the coated seed for direct seeding, wherein the seed is a grass seed.

  Furthermore, the present invention is a direct sowing method, wherein the seed is coated with an iron powder-containing material, and the iron-coated seed is coated with a molybdenum-containing material and / or a tungsten-containing material that supplies an oxoanion. An outer coating step of coating, a method of drying the outer-coated seed, and a step of sowing the steam-dried seed in soil are provided.

  Moreover, this invention provides the said direct sowing cultivation method whose molybdenum containing material and / or tungsten containing material which supply the said oxoanion are a mixture of an iron oxide containing material, molybdenum trioxide, and polyvinyl alcohol.

  Moreover, this invention provides the said direct sowing cultivation method whose seed is the seed of a Gramineae plant.

  According to the coated seed for direct sowing of the present invention, the disadvantages of both iron coating and benmori coating are overcome, sowing in the soil is possible, resistant to lodging, high germination rate, resistant to bird damage, and derived from seed The seeds for direct sowing that are resistant to the disease can be provided. Moreover, according to the direct sowing method of the present invention, an inexpensive and simple direct sowing cultivation method can be provided by the effect of the seed.

Sectional drawing which shows typically the coating state of the coating seed for direct sowing of this invention. The photograph which shows an example of the drying process in manufacture of the coating seed for direct sowing of this invention. The photograph which shows an example of the coating seed for direct sowing of this invention. The figure which shows the one aspect | mode at the time of sowing the seed for coating for direct sowing to the paddy field in the direct sowing cultivation method of this invention. The figure which shows the one aspect | mode at the time of soil sowing of the seed for coating for direct sowing of this invention. The photograph which shows the germination state of the coating seed for direct sowing of this invention.

  The seed 1 for direct sowing according to the present invention is covered with an iron coating layer 3 in which the seed 2 contains an iron powder-containing material. Moreover, the seed 1 for direct sowing according to the present invention is coated on the outside of the iron coating layer 3 with an outer coating layer 4 containing a molybdenum-containing material and / or a tungsten-containing material supplying oxoanions. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the coated state of the seed for direct seeding according to the present invention.

  In the present invention, the coating refers to coating with an arbitrary material formed on the surface of a seed or the like. For example, an iron coating and a molybdenum coating refer to a coating formed by a material containing iron and molybdenum, respectively. The coating layer refers to a layer formed by coating. “Coating” refers to covering an arbitrary material on the surface of a seed or the like.

  The seed used for the direct seeded coated seed of the present invention can be a seed of any plant. The seeds can in particular be the seeds of crops grown in flooded conditions such as paddy fields. For example, the seeds can be grasses such as rice, barley and wheat, legumes such as soybeans and red beans, rapeaceae such as buckwheat, and cruciferous plants such as rape and cabbage.

  The seed used for the direct seeding coated seed of the present invention can be any germinated seed. In direct sowing cultivation, seeds that have been subjected to germination treatment are often used for the purpose of shortening the time from seed sowing to germination. Seeds used for the direct seeded coated seeds of the present invention can also be seeds that have undergone a germination treatment such as a soaking germination treatment. For example, in the case of rice, it is possible to use seeds obtained by soaking seeds (dry pods) so that the integrated daily average temperature is about 45 ° C. (eg, soaking in well water at 15 to 16 ° C. for 3 days). Moreover, the seed used for the direct seed seed | coat for direct sowing of this invention can also be used after drying the seed soaked once as mentioned above.

  In the coated seed for direct sowing of the present invention, the above seed is coated with an iron powder-containing material. The iron powder-containing material used in the direct seeding coated seeds of the present invention can be an iron powder-containing material used in a known iron coating technique in direct sowing cultivation. The type of iron powder is reduced iron powder, which is obtained by heating and reducing high-grade iron oxide. As the iron powder, iron powder of any size used in the technical field can be used. For example, iron powder having a small particle size of 100 μm or less can be used. As the iron powder used in the present invention, commercially available iron powder for agriculture can be used, for example, S91 iron powder which is iron powder for coating of JFE iron, DSP317 iron powder of Dowa Iron Powder Industry, Tetsugen for agriculture Iron powder and iron powder for agricultural use by Daitsutsu Industry can be used.

  The iron powder-containing material used for the directly seeded coated seeds of the present invention may be a material of iron powder alone or a mixture with materials other than iron powder. In the conventional iron coating technology, an iron powder-containing material obtained by mixing calcined gypsum with iron powder is used as an oxidation promoter for iron powder. In this iron coating technology, iron powder rusts on the seed surface, and this rust plays the role of glue. In conventional iron coating technology, calcined gypsum is used as an oxidation accelerator for causing rust. The iron coating with the iron powder-containing material used in the present invention can also be used as a mixture of iron powder and calcined gypsum, whereby oxidation can be initiated by adding water when coating the seed on the coating. it can. The material mixed with the iron powder can be any material and can be in any amount. For example, in the case of an iron powder-containing material in which calcined gypsum is mixed with iron powder, it can be used in any proportion with reference to conventional iron coating technology. For example, 0.1% to 40%, for example 1% to 30%, 5% to 25% and 10% to 20% of calcined gypsum can be mixed with respect to the weight of the iron powder. Normally, calcined gypsum is mixed at a weight of about 10% with respect to the iron powder. If the iron powder is coarse and difficult to adhere to the seeds, it may be increased to about 40%. If the iron powder is fine, You may mix by reducing to about 1%.

  The iron powder can be coated on the seed in the same manner as conventional iron coating technology. Iron powder can be coated as described in, for example, “Iron-coated direct sowing manual 2010 (Agricultural Research Center for Agricultural and Food Industry, Kinki China Shikoku Agricultural Research Center)”. For example, when a seed is coated with a mixture of iron powder and calcined gypsum, a mixture of 0.5 weight of iron powder and 0.1 weight of calcined gypsum is coated on 1 weight of seed. The coating ratio of seed to iron powder can be seed: iron powder = 1: 0.1 to 1: 1, such as 1: 0.3 to 1: 0.7, such as 1: 0.5 and 1: 0.6.

  In order to coat the seed with iron powder, for example, a mixer can be used. First, seeds are put into a mixer and the mixer is rotated. Next, iron powder (or a mixture) is charged into the mixer. The iron powder is divided into several times (for example, three times) and put into the mixer so that it is sufficiently mixed. Further, while rotating the mixer, using a sprayer or the like, water is sprayed to such an extent that the iron powder is appropriately moistened. Rotate while spraying water until the powdered material no longer adheres to the seeds. When the material is well attached, an iron coating is formed on the seed surface. After the iron coating, it is not necessary to coat the finish calcined gypsum like the conventional iron coating, and the outer coating in the next step can be used instead.

  The iron-coated seeds may be subsequently subjected to the following outer coating or may be dried once. The seed coated with water sprayed as described above generates heat when the iron powder (reduced iron) on the surface is oxidized. Therefore, if seeds are left after coating, they will die due to heat generation. In order to prevent this, it is dried while dissipating heat. For example, the seed may be dissipated by putting seeds coated with iron in a seedling box and spreading it thinly. When using a seedling box, as shown in FIG. 2, it is only necessary to spread about 1 kg of iron-coated seeds in one seedling box to dissipate heat. Further, when the oxidation of the iron powder on the surface of the seed is not sufficient and the iron coating layer may be broken, the seed spread in a seedling box or the like may be sprinkled again to promote the oxidation. When dried so that the seeds do not die due to heat, the iron-coated seeds are rusted brown. In addition, the iron-coated seeds can be stored for a long period of time while maintaining the germination rate by drying in this state or storing the seeds in a low-temperature storage.

  Seeds coated with iron as described above are subsequently subjected to the following outer coating.

  The iron-coated seed is further covered by an outer coating. The outer coating used in the present invention includes molybdenum and / or tungsten containing oxoanions. It has been found that the soil of the paddy paddy field is deficient in oxygen, and if this condition continues, sulfides that are harmful to plants are produced from sulfate ions, which inhibits seedling establishment. The formation of this sulfide can be suppressed by molybdate ions and tungstate ions. Accordingly, the inclusion of molybdenum and / or tungsten containing these oxoanions in the outer coating can stabilize seedling by inhibiting the formation of sulfides. Moreover, since the oxoanion can be directly supplied to the soil and moisture by having the coating for supplying the oxoanion on the outside, the generation of sulfides in the soil can be efficiently suppressed.

  The molybdenum-containing material and / or the tungsten-containing material used in the direct seeded coated seeds of the present invention can be a material used in coating techniques with a known molybdenum-containing material and / or tungsten-containing material in direct sowing cultivation.

  The molybdenum-containing material can be a material that can supply molybdate ions. The molybdenum-containing material is preferably, for example, metal molybdenum (simple substance), molybdenum oxide (molybdic anhydride), molybdic acid and its salt, molybdophosphoric acid (phosphomolybdic acid) and its salt, molybdosilicic acid (silicomolybdic acid) and its salt. Among the cheap and commercially available products are metal molybdenum, molybdenum oxide, molybdate, calcium molybdate, magnesium molybdate, ammonium molybdate (ammonium phosphomolybdate), potassium molybdate (potassium phosphomolybdate), ammonium molybdate, It can be one or more selected from sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate, molybdophosphoric acid, sodium molybdophosphate (sodium phosphomolybdate) and molybdosilicate. The molybdenum-containing material can be, for example, molybdenum trioxide. Molybdenum trioxide is inexpensive among molybdenum compounds and can sufficiently suppress the generation of sulfide ions. Molybdenum is also a plant trace element. Therefore, it is also used as a fertilizer and is preferably contained in soil.

  The tungsten-containing material is preferably, for example, metallic tungsten, tungsten oxide (anhydrous tungstic acid), tungstic acid and its salt, tungstophosphoric acid (phosphotungstic acid) and its salt, or tungstosilicic acid (silicotungstic acid) and its salt. Inexpensive and commercially available, it can be one or more selected from slightly soluble metallic tungsten, tungsten oxide, tungstic acid, ammonium paratungstate, and ammonium tungstate phosphate (ammonium phosphotungstate).

  The amount of the molybdenum-containing material and / or the tungsten-containing material that supplies the oxoanion is preferably an amount that does not adversely affect the plant and can suppress the generation of sulfide ions that are harmful to the plant. For example, molybdenum-containing and / or tungsten-containing materials supplying oxoanions are metal molybdenum, molybdenum oxide, molybdate, calcium molybdate, magnesium molybdate, ammonium molybdate, potassium molybdate, metal tungsten, tungsten oxide, tungstic acid. In the case of ammonium paratungstate or tungstophosphate (ammonium phosphotungstate), 0.01 to 10 mmol, for example 0.02 to 1 mmol, 0.05 to 0.1 mmol, in terms of molybdenum or tungsten, per 1 g of dry matter weight of seeds Can be an amount.

  The molybdenum-containing and / or tungsten-containing materials for supplying the oxoanion used in the outer coating of the present invention may be molybdenum-containing materials or tungsten-containing materials, and may be a mixture with other materials. May be.

  The outer coating can contain any material for adhering the coating material to the seed surface, for example. In addition, it can contain any material that prevents the coated layer from collapsing even when the coated seeds are placed in water. In addition, it is possible to contain a material that makes the surface of the coated seed easy to adjust to water, thereby making the coated seed easy to adhere to the soil.

For example, the outer coating can contain polyvinyl alcohol. The polyvinyl alcohol used for the outer coating is a polyvinyl alcohol having a particulate solid and a saponification degree of 78 mol% or more. By containing such polyvinyl alcohol as a solid, it becomes easy to adhere the material to the seed surface, and it is possible to suppress the decay of the seed due to water. The degree of saponification of the polyvinyl alcohol can be 90 mol% to 98 mol%, such as 93 mol% to 98 mol% or 95 mol% to 98 mol%. The degree of saponification (mol%) of polyvinyl alcohol refers to the ratio at which each vinyl acetate repeating unit is saponified into a hydroxyl group when polyvinyl alcohol is produced by saponifying polyvinyl acetate. Moreover, the polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol is not particularly limited, but for example, the polymerization degree can be 1000 to 5000, 1500 to 3500, 1500 to 2500, or 1700 to 2400. The degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol refers to the number of vinyl acetate repeating units constituting a polymer chain when polyvinyl alcohol is produced by saponifying polyvinyl acetate.

For example, the outer coating can contain a redhead. Bengal are iron oxides (Fe ₂ O ₃ ), which can make the surface of the coating adapt to water and make it easier to sink, thereby allowing the seeds to adhere to the soil. In addition, although the weight of the rice bran can be increased, the coated seed for direct sowing of the present invention has an iron coating and therefore has a sufficient weight, so that an increase in weight due to the rice brown is not important.

  As the outer coating used in the present invention, for example, a commercially available benmori material (Morishita Valve Industry Co., Ltd.) can be used. For example, a bermory material (0.1 times weight) can be used as the bermory material used for the outer coating of the present invention. For the bengori material, bengara (iron oxide) is 0.1 times the weight of the seed weight, molybdenum trioxide is about 0.5% weight of the seed weight, and polyvinyl alcohol is 1% weight of the bean weight (for 0.1 times the weight of the bengori material). Including.

  The outer coating can be coated on the seed in a manner similar to the iron coating technique described above. In the case where the seed is coated with 0.1 times the weight of the above-mentioned bermory material, for example, 0.1 wt. The ratio of seed to outer coating can be seed: outer coating = 1: 0.001 to 1: 1, such as 1: 0.01 to 1: 0.7, such as 1: 0.1 to 1: 0.5.

  The outer coating can be applied to the seed in the same manner as conventional iron coating techniques. For example, first, seeds coated with iron on the outer coating are put into a mixer, and the mixer is rotated. The outer coating material (such as a mixture containing molybdenum trioxide) is then charged into the mixer. The outer coating material is introduced into the mixer in several (eg, three) times to ensure thorough mixing. Further, while rotating the mixer, using a sprayer or the like, water is sprayed to such an extent that the iron powder is appropriately moistened. Rotate while spraying water until the powdered material no longer adheres to the seeds. The outer coated seed is subsequently subjected to a drying process. After the outer coating, there is no need to finish calcined gypsum like a conventional iron coating, and the outer coating can be substituted.

  The outer coated seeds are once dried. For example, the drying may be performed day and night. Also, the drying may be for a period of several months. In addition, the seed coated while sprinkling water as described above generates heat when the iron powder (reduced iron) on the surface of the inner iron coating is oxidized. Therefore, if seeds are left after coating, they will die due to heat generation. In order to prevent this, heat may be dissipated by putting the outer-coated seed in a seedling box or the like and spreading it thinly. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, it is only necessary to spread about 1 kg of seeds in one seedling box to dissipate heat. On the other hand, it is not necessary to dry completely. The coating may contain moisture or may be dried to such an extent that the coating does not break.

  By the above procedure, the coated seed for direct sowing of the present invention can be produced. FIG. 3 is a photograph showing an example of the coated seed for direct sowing of the present invention produced by the above procedure.

  The prepared seed for direct seeding can be directly sown after preparation. In addition, the prepared seeds for direct sowing can be stored for a long period of time while maintaining the germination rate by drying in this state or storing in a low-temperature storage.

  The present invention further provides a direct sowing cultivation method. In the direct sowing cultivation method of the present invention, the seed is coated with an iron powder-containing material as described above, and the iron-coated seed is coated with a molybdenum-containing material and / or a tungsten-containing material that supplies an oxoanion. The method includes an outer coating step, a drying step of drying the outer coated seed, and a step of sowing the dried seed in soil.

  The iron coating step, outer coating step, and drying step can be performed as described for the production of the above-described seed for direct seeding.

  Next, the dried seeds are sown in soil such as paddy fields. Sowing can be performed by any means known in the art, and for example, seeding can be performed by the same procedure as that of conventional benmori direct seeding. For example, the seeds for direct seeding according to the present invention are seeded as described in “Rice Rice Seedling Direct Seeding Manual” 2016 (edited by National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center). be able to.

  Specifically, seeding can be performed by the following procedure. First, cultivate the rice fields with no water in them, and after about 4 weeks, submergence them and scrape them roughly, and then plant them on the next day. Two days later, the seeds for direct seeding according to the present invention are sown. Water is dropped on the day before sowing and seeds are sown with a seeder. When seeds are sown in rice fields, the seeds are sown with grooves in the soil as shown in FIG. The seeding interval can be sowed to have an arbitrary density. For example, seeds of 5 to 15 grains are sown at a horizontal interval of 30 cm, which is a general seeder specification. Seed seed fishing may be increased or decreased in consideration of the germination rate and rice standing rate. For example, in the case of rice, about 7 to 8 grains are considered appropriate for a 70% rice rate, and about 10 grains are considered to be appropriate for a 50% rice rate.

  After sowing, leave it to nature without actively covering the soil. If the seeds are not sufficiently dried and remain moist, the seeds are preferably sown directly within 1 hour. If it is this time, the seed temperature will not rise at the time of sowing, and the quality of the seed will not drop. If sown in rice fields, the temperature of the seeds will not rise and the quality of the seeds will not deteriorate, and the germination rate will not decrease. Next, after sowing, the plants are flooded for 2 days and allowed to fall naturally for 10 days.

  According to the coated seed for direct sowing of the present invention, the seed does not float in water by having a weight equal to or more than iron coding. Moreover, since the excellent point of iron coating is not impaired, bird damage can be prevented by a hard iron film. In addition, the effect of iron coating also has an effect of strengthening against seed-derived diseases. Moreover, since it has the outstanding point of the conventional benmori coating, the seedling establishment is stabilized without being influenced by sulfide. Furthermore, since the germination rate does not decrease even if sowing in the soil, it is possible to grow resistant to lodging by sowing in the soil instead of surface sowing.

(1. Production of coated seeds for direct sowing)
The rice seed seeds were coated according to the following procedure.

Material Iron powder S91 iron powder (JFE Steel) for coating was used.
A commercial product was used as the calcined gypsum.
For the molybdenum-containing material, benmori material (beenmori material 0.1 times heavy use, Morishita Valve Industry Co., Ltd.) was used. This material is a material in which bengara (ferric oxide), a molybdenum compound for suppressing the formation of sulfides, and polyvinyl alcohol as an adhesive for adhering these to seeds are mixed. Benmori material for 0.1 times weight is formulated so that bengara (iron oxide) is 0.1 times weight of seed weight, molybdenum trioxide is about 0.5% weight of seed weight and polyvinyl alcohol is 1% weight of bean weight. In other words, it is blended at a ratio of 1 kg of bengula, 0.5 kg of molybdenum trioxide and 10 g of polyvinyl alcohol per 10 kg of benmori material, and this is used for 100 kg of seeds.

Method Seeds (dry pods) were soaked in well water at 15-16 ° C. for 3 days. The accumulated temperature of the immersion seed was 45 to 48 ° C. 2 kg of iron powder (0.5 times the weight of dry powder) and 200 g of calcined gypsum (0.1 times the weight of iron powder) were mixed in advance to prepare a mixture.

  4 kg of seeds were put into a concrete mixer (Mazetaro) and the mixer was rotated. Subsequently, the mixture of iron powder and calcined gypsum was put into a mixer. The mixture was divided into three portions and charged into the mixer to ensure sufficient mixing. Also, water was sprayed appropriately using a backpacking squirt. It was rotated while spraying water until there was no powdery material. All mixtures were coated on the seeds.

  Next, the iron powder coated seeds were further coated with a bermwood material. Specifically, 400 g of benmori material was put into the concrete mixer containing the iron powder coated seeds. Benmori materials were put into the mixer in three times to ensure sufficient mixing. Also, water was sprayed appropriately using a backpacking squirt. It was rotated while spraying water until there was no powdery material. All the mixtures were coated on the seeds. The finished coated seed is shown in FIG. The image of the finished seed is as shown in FIG.

  The molybdenum coated seeds were then dried. As shown in FIG. 2, the molybdenum-coated seeds were spread on a seedling box and dried. I spread about 1 bowl of seeds per seedling box. 4 kg of seeds could be spread on about 11 or 12 seedling boxes. The seeds were dried overnight. The coating reached a practical strength by this day and night drying. It was also estimated that drying could be done for several months.

(2. Seeding of coated seed for direct sowing)
The molybdenum-coated seeds were sown by the following procedure. Specifically, the rice fields were cultivated without water, and after about 4 weeks they were submerged and scraped, and planted on the next day. Two days later, the molybdenum-coated seeds were sown.

  As a seeder, EP4-TC made by Kubota was used. When seeds were sown in rice fields, the seeds were sown with grooves in the soil as shown in FIG. The seeder was attached to the float part of the equipment so that a 10mm deep groove was formed in the rice field.

  In the rice field, 10 seeds were sown in 4 rows at intervals of 30 cm in width, which is the specification of the seeder. Seeds were seeded at intervals of 24 cm in the traveling direction of the seeder. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing seed sowing intervals when sowing rice fields.

  Water was dropped on the day before sowing and seeds were sown with a seeder. After sowing, we left it to nature without actively covering it. Seeds were sown directly within 1 hour. At this time, the seed temperature did not increase at the time of sowing, and the seed quality did not deteriorate. When sown in rice fields, the temperature of the seeds increased, the quality of the seeds decreased, and the germination rate did not decrease.

  After sowing, the plants were flooded for 2 days, allowed to fall naturally, and managed to fall for 10 days. At this point, sufficient germination was confirmed as shown in FIG. In addition, a clear increase in germination rate was observed as compared with the conventional seeds coated with beetle.

  After this, it was managed in the same way as rice cultivation with normal seedlings. After that, it was not easy to fall down as in the case of iron-coated seeds, and no seedling failure occurred.

(3. Results)
According to the seed for direct seeding of the present invention, sufficient germination and seedling establishment could be confirmed despite seeding in the soil and flooding in the direct seeding cultivation method.

  Further, in the direct sowing cultivation method using the coated seed for direct sowing of the present invention, bird damage due to sparrows and the like was not confirmed. On the other hand, in the paddy field directly seeded with the seeds coated with a beetle coat, there were places that were not germinated in some places due to bird damage such as sparrows.

  In addition, in paddy fields directly seeded with seeds coated with a conventional bermock, seeds near the water source were washed away under the influence of water flow during flooding. For this reason, the seeds coated with conventional bermory were not germinated near the water source, and the seeds washed away in the vicinity of the seed were solidified and germinated. On the other hand, in the direct sowing cultivation method using the coated seed for direct sowing of the present invention, seeds were not washed away and germination was stably observed even near the water source.

  In this direct sowing cultivation method, there was no problem of lodging as surface sowing because it was sowing in soil. For this reason, it is thought that the problem of lodging which was surface sowing with the conventional iron-coated seed can be solved with the coated seed for direct sowing of the present invention.

  Furthermore, in this direct sowing cultivation method, it is considered that the iron coating has an excellent effect of being resistant to seed-derived diseases as compared with the conventional seed-coated seed.

  The coated seed for direct sowing of the present invention can be suitably used in direct sowing cultivation in paddy fields or the like.

1 ・ ・ ・ Coated seed
2 ... Seeds
3 ... Iron coating
4 ... Outer coating
5 ... Soil
6 ... Groove

Claims (6)

An iron coating layer containing iron powder-containing material covering the seed;
An outer coating layer containing molybdenum and / or tungsten containing oxoanions for coating the outside of the iron coating layer;
Coated seed for direct sowing.   2. The directly seeded coated seed according to claim 1, wherein the outer coating layer is a mixture of the iron oxide-containing material, molybdenum trioxide, and polyvinyl alcohol.   3. The directly seeded coated seed according to claim 1, wherein the seed is a grass seed. Direct sowing cultivation method,
An iron coating process for coating seeds with an iron powder-containing material;
An outer coating step of coating the iron-coated seed with a molybdenum-containing material and / or a tungsten-containing material supplying an oxoanion;
Drying the outer coated seeds;
Sowing the dried seed in soil;
Including methods.   5. The direct sowing cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the molybdenum-containing material and / or the tungsten-containing material that supplies the oxoanion is a mixture of the iron oxide-containing material, molybdenum trioxide, and polyvinyl alcohol. 3. The direct sowing cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the seed is a grass plant seed.