JP6419427B2 - How to improve plant quality - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a novel method for improving plant quality, wherein the method is intended to grow crop plants and / or where the crop plants are growing or crop plants there. Treating the site and / or plant vegetative propagation with an amount of the micronutrient-containing active ingredient that improves plant quality.

  Zinc is an essential micronutrient for normal growth, development and health of plants and humans. Currently, it is known that large areas of farmland are zinc deficient, which significantly reduces crop productivity and food crop nutritional value. Even now, in many countries, zinc deficiency is unrecognized or underestimated and has not been treated. Therefore, in these countries, there is an urgent need to understand and address zinc deficiency in order to contribute to both crop production and human health. Zinc is also particularly important for better tolerance of crop plants under various stress factors such as drought, heat and salinity.

  Applying zinc fertilizer to soil and / or plant leaves provides a simple and extremely effective solution to the problem of zinc deficiency in crop plants and to increasing the zinc concentration of food. This strategy greatly prevents unnecessary loss of food production and helps improve public health. For example, increasing the zinc content of rice and wheat grains can save the lives of 48,000 Indian children every year.

  For millions of people around the world, an extra few milligrams of zinc every day can make a difference between disease or death and a healthy and productive life. By ensuring that the crop supplies sufficient zinc, we will address this global problem by providing significant health, social and economic benefits. it is possible to aid (was published by the "International Zinc Association IFA", "Zinc Fertilizer Brochure 2009"; "Comparative Quantification / Global and Regional Burden of Diseases Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors of Health Risks, Ezzati, Lopez, Rodgers, Murray (Eds.), Chapter - Zinc Deficiency, WHO, 2004).

Zinc is essential for normal and healthy growth and reproduction of plants, animals and humans. If the supply of zinc available to the plant is inadequate, the yield and quality of the crop product will be compromised. In plants, zinc plays an important role as a structural component or regulatory cofactor for a wide variety of enzymes and proteins in many important biochemical pathways. If the supply of zinc to the plant is inadequate, the physiological function of zinc cannot work correctly, thereby adversely affecting plant growth. This can cause obvious signs of stress in the plant. The signs vary from species to species and may include: atrophy (reduced plant height), interleaf chlorosis (interleaf leaf yellowing), whitened leaf Browning, small and abnormally shaped leaves and / or leaf atrophy and rosetting (where the leaves form a vortex in a shortened stem). So-called hidden deficiencies without obvious visible signs will result in a 20% loss in plant yield. Zinc-deficient soils that cause hidden deficiencies can cause significant financial losses for farmers. Thus, it is necessary to identify zinc-deficient soil as soon as possible by soil testing or crop plant analysis. Once confirmed, it is possible to easily treat zinc-deficient soil with zinc fertilizer to provide an adequate supply of zinc to crops, where zinc sulfate is by far the most widely used and used. that is a fertilizer (Zinc in Soils and Crop Nutrition by B.J. Alloway, 2 nd Ed. Brussels, referring to the Paris, 2008).

  In addition, it is also known that vines treated with zinc sulfate or dineb fungicides showed significantly increased yield and growth compared to untreated vines (ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1987, 199, 157-161). In barley, it has been shown that prevention of zinc deficiency does not cause a yield response (see EPPO Bull. 1981, 11, 277-285). It is also known that micronutrients such as copper, manganese and zinc can be applied to plants via fungicides containing such micronutrients. However, whether the micronutrient uptake is more efficient or less efficient depends on the type of complex (metal form with the remaining molecules). Thus, it has been found that zinc in certain formulations of ziram is not readily absorbed compared to zinc derived from dineb (see University of Florida, IFAS Extension, HS 1159, 2009).

  Furthermore, compositions for delivering zinc oxide to plants (more specifically potatoes) in combination with pesticides are also known (see WO 95/20874).

International Patent Application Publication No. 95/20874

Zinc Fertilizer Brochure 2009 Comparative Quantification / Global and Regional Burden of Diseases Attributeable to Selected Major Ris Factors of Health Risks, Ezati. Zinc in Souls and Crop Nutrition by B.E. J. et al. Alloway, 2nd Ed. Brussels, Paris, 2008 IHS Acta Horticulturae 1987, 199, 157-161 EPPO Bull. 1981, 11, 277-285 University of Florida, IFAS Extension, HS1159, 2009

  The present application provides a method for improving plant quality, where the method is where the crop plant and / or where the crop plant is growing or where the crop plant is intended to be grown there. And / or treating the phytonutrient propagation with a micronutrient-containing active ingredient in an amount that improves plant quality, wherein the active ingredient is preferably also active as a fungicide.

  The micronutrient-containing active ingredient is preferably selected from the group consisting of active ingredients containing at least one metal ion selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese, molybdenum, iron and copper or micronutrient boron .

  More preferably, these active ingredients consist of zinc-containing compounds such as propineb, polyoxin Z (zinc salt), dineb, ziram, zinc thiodazole, zinc naphthenate and manzeb (including manganese). Selected from the group, or selected from manganese-containing compounds such as manneb, methylam and mankappa (including copper), or selected from iron-containing compounds such as farbum, or , Bordeaux liquid, basic copper chloride, tribasic copper sulfate, copper oxide, copper octoate, copper hydroxide, oxine copper and copper naphthenate.

  More preferably, the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of propineb and manzeb.

  More preferably, the active ingredient is propineb.

All micronutrient-containing active ingredients listed above are known to have bactericidal properties, and can be used for controlling various plant diseases ^{(The Pesticide Manual, 15 th Edition} 2009 See).

  The term “plant quality” (quality of a plant) refers to yield (eg, increased biomass, increased content of beneficial components, and / or improved content of certain components). Crop plants and / or determined by several aspects, alone or in combination with each other, such as or composition) and plant vitality (eg, improved growth of plants and / or darker greener leaves) It is defined as the state of the product.

  One indicator for plant quality, in particular one for plant status, is its yield. “Yield” is any part or product of a plant that is produced by a plant and has economic value (eg, grains, leaves, roots, fruit in the proper sense, vegetables, nuts, seeds, trees (eg, In the case of forest land) or, in addition, flowers (for example in the case of horticulture and ornamental plants)]. Plant products can additionally be further utilized and / or processed after harvesting.

According to the present invention, an “increased yield” of a crop plant is a plant in which the yield of the product of each crop plant is produced under the same conditions except that no micronutrient-containing active ingredient has been applied. Means increased by a measurable amount compared to the yield of the same product. The increased yield can be characterized, inter alia, by the improved properties of the crop plants:
* Increased weight of plants;
* Increased height of the plant;
* Increased zinc content;
* Increased iron content;
* Increased calcium content;
* Increased biomass, such as heavier live weight (FW) and / or dry weight (DW);
* Higher grain yield;
* Higher acidity;
* Higher anthocyanin content;
* More tillers;
* Larger leaves;
* Increased shoot growth;
* Increased (eg of soluble proteins);
* Increased oil content;
* Increased starch content;
* Increased pigment content;
* Increased nutrient content;
* Increased protein content;
* Increased vitamin content (eg content of vitamins B ₁ , B ₂ , C and E);
* Increased fatty acid content;
* Increased metabolite content;
* Increased carotenoid content (eg vitamin A content);
* Increased amount of essential amino acids;
* Improved nutrient composition;
* Improved protein composition;
* Improved fatty acid composition;
* Improved metabolite composition;
* Improved carotenoid composition;
* Improved sugar composition;
* Improved amino acid composition;
* Improved or optimal color of the fruit;
* Improved color of leaves;
* Higher storage performance;
* Higher processability of harvested products.

  According to one embodiment of the invention, depending on the type of improved property, the yield is at least 5%, 10%, 25%, 50% or compared to the respective untreated control plant. More than that.

Another indicator for plant quality, in particular for crop plant status, is “plant vigor”. Plant vitality becomes apparent in several aspects such as general appearance and growth. The improved vitality of the plant can be characterized by the following improved properties of the plant:
* Improved vitality of plants;
* Improved growth of plants;
* Improved development of plants;
* Improved appearance;
* Improved number of plant stocks (less verses / lodging of plants);
* Improved budding;
* Enhanced root growth and / or more developed root system;
* Enhanced nodulation, especially nodulation by rhizobia;
* Larger blades;
* Larger dimensions;
* Increased weight of plants;
* Increased live weight (FW);
* Increased dry weight (DW);
* Increased height of the plant;
* Increased number of tillers;
* Increased shoot growth;
* Increased root growth (extensive root system), increased yield when grown in lean soil or unfavorable climate;
* Enhanced photosynthetic activity;
* Enhanced pigment content (eg chlorophyll content);
* Faster flowering;
* Faster results;
* Faster and improved germination;
* Faster grain maturation;
* Better particle size distribution;
* Higher grain hardness;
* Improved self-defense mechanism;
* Improved stress tolerance, as well as biological and abiotic stress factors (eg fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, heat stress, cold stress, drought stress, UV stress, and / or Improved resistance of plants to salt stress);
* Less unproductive tillers;
* Less dead rooted leaves;
* Less required supply (eg fertilizer or water);
* Darker green leaves;
* Full maturity in short growth periods;
* Less fertilizer needed;
* Less needed seeds;
* Easier harvesting;
* Faster and more uniform fruit;
* Longer shelf life;
* Longer ears;
* Delay in aging;
* Stronger and / or more productive tillers;
* Better extractability of ingredients;
* Improved quality of seed (quality for sowing next season for seed production);
* Reduced ethylene production and / or inhibition of ethylene reception by plants.

  According to one embodiment of the invention, depending on the type of improved property, the vitality of the plant is at least 5%, 10%, 25%, 50 compared to the respective untreated control plant. % Or more.

  Depending on the treated plant, the different quality parameters are more preferably increased over the other quality parameters. In the following, several quality parameters are listed, depending on the treated crop plant.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, preferred quality parameters for potato are as follows:
* Increased protein content (eg soluble protein content);
* Increased starch content;
* Increased biomass, such as heavier live weight (FW) and / or dry weight (DW);
* Increased zinc content;
* Better particle size distribution.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, preferred quality parameters for rice are as follows:
* Increased carotenoid content (eg vitamin A content);
* Increased zinc content;
* Increased iron content;
* Increased protein content (eg soluble protein content).

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the preferred quality parameters for corn are as follows:
* Increased carotenoid content (eg vitamin A content);
* Increased zinc content;
* Increased iron content;
* Increased protein content (eg soluble protein content);
* Increased oil content;
* Increased starch content.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, preferred quality parameters for apples are as follows:
* Increased calcium content,
* Higher acidity.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, preferred quality parameters for citrus plants are as follows:
* Increased vitamin C content.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, preferred quality parameters for tomato and cucumber are as follows:
* Increased calcium content.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, preferred quality parameters for grapes / vines are as follows:
* Higher anthocyanin content;
* Higher acidity.

  The micronutrient-containing active ingredients that can be used according to the present invention can be used as is, or can be used in conventional formulations (eg solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, pastes) Agent). The application is then carried out in a customary manner. Thus, for example, seed dressing with a preparation containing a micronutrient-containing active ingredient (which, if appropriate, is mixed with another agrochemical active compound and conventional additives) it can. Further types of application include mixing mixing of substances which can be used according to the invention alone or in formulated form with other agrochemical active compounds and conventional formulation auxiliaries, and their Preparation of a solid plant treatment agent such as a granule or bait from the preparation.

  When using micronutrient-containing active ingredients that can be used according to the invention, the application rates can vary within a certain range, depending on the type of application. In the treatment of seeds, the application amount of the micronutrient-containing active ingredient is generally 10 to 10000 mg per kg seed, preferably 10 to 300 mg per kg seed. When used in a solid formulation, the application amount of the micronutrient-containing active ingredient is generally 20-800 mg per kg formulation, preferably 30-700 mg per kg formulation.

  The micronutrient-containing active ingredient used according to the present invention is generally applied in the form of a composition comprising at least one micronutrient-containing active ingredient as described above. Preferably, the fungicide composition comprises agriculturally acceptable additives, solvents, carriers, surfactants or extenders.

  According to the invention, the carrier is a natural or synthetic organic or inorganic substance that is mixed or combined with the active compound in order to improve its applicability, in particular with regard to application to plants or plant parts or seeds. Is understood to mean. Such carriers, where the carriers can be solid or liquid, are generally inert and should be suitable for use in agriculture.

  Suitable solid or liquid carriers are, for example: ammonium salts, and ground natural minerals such as kaolin, clay, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and Ground synthetic minerals such as finely divided silica, alumina and natural or synthetic silicates, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, water, alcohols, in particular butanol, organic solvents, mineral and vegetable oils, and derivatives thereof. Mixtures of such carriers can also be used. Suitable solid carriers for granules are: for example, ground and fractionated natural minerals, such as calcite, marble, pumice, gabbro, dolomite, and also inorganic and organic Synthetic granules made of coarsely ground flour, and granules made of organic materials such as sawdust, coconut shell, corn cob and tobacco petiole.

Suitable liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are liquids that are gaseous at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, such as aerosol propellants such as butane, propane, nitrogen and CO ₂ .

  In the above formulations, tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose, and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders and granules and latex such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate or natural phospholipids, For example, cephalin and lecithin, and synthetic phospholipids can be used. Other possible additives are mineral and vegetable oils and waxes, which may optionally be modified.

  When the extender used is water, for example, an organic solvent can be used as an auxiliary solvent. Suitable liquid solvents are essentially the following: aromatic compounds such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic compounds and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes Or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins such as mineral oil fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, Methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strong solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, and also water.

  The composition according to the invention can also contain further additional components, for example surfactants. Suitable surfactants are emulsifiers, dispersants or wetting agents that have ionic or nonionic properties, or a mixture of such surfactants. Examples of these surfactants are: polyacrylic acid salts, lignosulfonic acid salts, phenolsulfonic acid or naphthalenesulfonic acid salts, polycondensates of ethylene oxide and fatty alcohols or ethylene oxide and fatty acids. Polycondensate or polycondensate of ethylene oxide and fatty amine, substituted phenol (preferably alkylphenol or arylphenol), salt of sulfosuccinate, taurine derivative (preferably alkyltaurate), phosphorus of polyethoxylated alcohol Acid esters or phosphate esters of polyethoxylated phenols, fatty acid esters of polyols, and derivatives of the compounds containing sulfate anions, sulfonate anions and phosphate anions. If one of the active compounds and / or one of the inert carriers is water insoluble and the application is carried out in water, it is necessary to have a surfactant present. The proportion of surfactant is from 5% to 40% by weight of the composition according to the invention.

  Colorants such as inorganic pigments such as iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian blue, and organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes, and micronutrients such as iron salts, Manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, zinc, and the like can be used.

  Where appropriate, additional additional components are also present, such as protective colloids, binders, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic substances, penetrants, stabilizers, sequestering agents, complexing substances, etc. Can be made. In general, the active compounds can be combined with any solid or liquid additive conventionally used for pharmaceutical purposes.

  In general, the composition according to the invention comprises 0.05 to 99% by weight, 0.01 to 98% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 95% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5 to 90% by weight. Contains active compound combinations according to the invention, very particularly preferably 10 to 70% by weight of active compound combinations according to the invention.

  The active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention can be used as such or, depending on their respective physical and / or chemical properties, in the form of their formulations or It can be used in forms of use prepared from the formulation: aerosols, capsule suspensions, cold-fogging concentrates, warm-fogging concentrates, encapsulated granules Agents, fine granules, flowables for seed treatment, ready-to-use solutions, dustable powders, emulsions, oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions, large granules , Fine granules, oil-dispersible powders, oil-miscible flowables, oil-miscible liquids, foams (fo m), pastes, pesticide-coated seeds, suspension concentrates, suspension formulations, soluble concentrates, suspensions, wettable powders, solubles Soluble powders, powders and granules, water-soluble granules or tablets, water-soluble powders for seed treatment, wettable powders, natural products and synthetic substances impregnated with active compounds, and also polymer substances Microencapsulated in seed and coating materials for seeds, as well as ULV cold-fogging formulations and ULV hot fumes formulations (U V warm-fogging formulation).

  The above preparation can be prepared by a method known per se, for example, by mixing the active compound or active compound combination with at least one additive. Suitable additives include all conventional formulation aids such as organic solvents, extenders, solvents or diluents, solid carriers and fillers, surfactants (eg adjuvants, emulsifiers, Dispersants, protective colloids, wetting agents, and tackifiers), dispersants and / or binders or stickers, preservatives, dyes and pigments, antifoaming agents, inorganic and organic thickeners, repellent Water solutions, where appropriate, desiccants and UV stabilizers, gibberellins, and also water and further processing aids. In any case, depending on the type of formulation to be prepared, further processing steps may be necessary, for example wet milling, dry milling or granulation.

  The composition according to the invention is diluted not only with ready-to-use compositions that can be applied to plants or seeds using suitable equipment, but also with water prior to use. Commercial concentrates that require are also included.

  The active compound combinations according to the invention can be used in pesticides, attractants, infertility agents, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, in (commercial) formulations and in use forms prepared from such formulations. It can be present as a mixture with other (known) active compounds such as insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, fertilizers, safeners and information chemicals.

  The treatment according to the invention of plants and plant parts with the active compounds or compositions according to the invention is carried out using customary treatment methods, for example immersion, spraying, spraying, irrigation, vaporisation, dusting, fumes, scattering, foamy. Or directly, by irrigation, spreading, spreading-on, irrigation (drenching), drip irrigation, etc., or the active compound or composition around plants, plant parts, habitats or In the case of propagation organs, especially in the case of seeds, as dry seed treatment powder, as seed treatment solution, as slurry treatment water-soluble powder, It is also carried out by coating with one or more layers. Furthermore, it is possible to apply the active compound by means of an ultra-low volume method, or it is possible to inject the active compound preparation or the active compound itself into the soil.

  The invention further includes a method of treating seed. The invention further relates to seed that has been treated by one of the methods described in the previous paragraph.

  The active compounds or compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for treating seed. Most of the damage to crop plants caused by harmful organisms is caused by seed infection during storage or after sowing, as well as during and after germination of the plant. This phase is particularly dangerous. This is because the roots and shoots of growing plants are particularly sensitive and even small amounts of damage can cause the plants to die. Therefore, there is great interest in protecting seeds and germinating plants with appropriate compositions.

  Control of phytopathogenic fungi by treating plant seeds has been known for a long time and is continually improved. However, seed treatment involves a series of problems that cannot always be solved satisfactorily. It is thus possible to develop a method for protecting seeds and germinating plants that does not require additional application of crop protection agents after sowing or emergence of plants, or at least significantly reduces the additional application. desirable. In addition, the amount of active compound used should be optimized so that the seed and the germinating plant are protected to the greatest extent from attack by phytopathogenic fungi without damaging the plant itself by the active compound used. Is also desirable. In particular, the method of treating the seed should also take into account the endogenous bactericidal properties of the transgenic plant in order to achieve the optimum protection of the seed and the germinating plant using a minimum amount of crop protection agent. is there.

  The invention therefore also relates in particular to a method for treating seeds and germinating plants in order to improve the quality of the plants.

  Furthermore, the method according to the invention can also be used in particular for transgenic seeds, in which plants growing from the seeds can express proteins that act against pests. Is also considered an advantage. By treating such seeds with the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention, it is possible to control certain pests, for example even by the expression of insecticidal proteins. Surprisingly, further synergistic effects may be observed in the present invention. Such synergistic effects additionally improve the quality of the treated plants.

  The composition according to the invention is suitable for treating the seeds of all plant varieties used in agriculture, in the greenhouse, in the forest or in horticulture or viticulture. In particular, this includes cereals (eg wheat, barley, rye, triticale, millet, oats), corn, cotton, soybeans, rice, potatoes, sunflowers, kidney beans, coffee, beets (eg sugar beets and feed beets). ), Peanut, rapeseed, poppy, olive, coconut, cacao, sugarcane, tobacco, vegetables (eg, tomato, cucumber, onion and lettuce), lawn and ornamental plant seeds (see also below). It is particularly important to treat cereal grains (eg, wheat, barley, rye, triticale, and oats), corn and rice seeds.

  As described further below, the treatment of transgenic seed with the active compound combinations or compositions of the invention is of particular importance. This is the seed of a plant containing at least one heterologous gene that allows the expression of a polypeptide or protein having insecticidal properties. Heterologous genes in transgenic seeds include, for example, Bacillus species, Rhizobium species, Pseudomonas species, Serratia species, Trichoderma species, Clavibacter species (Clavibacter species) ) Species or from microorganisms of the species Gliocladium. Preferably, the heterologous gene is derived from a variety of Bacillus sp. Whose gene product is active against European corn borer and / or Western corn rootworm. Particularly preferably, the heterologous gene is derived from Bacillus thuringiensis.

  In the context of the present invention, the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention are applied to the seed either alone or in a suitable formulation. Preferably, the seed is treated in a sufficiently stable state so that the treatment does not cause damage. In general, seeds can be treated at any time between harvesting and sowing. Usually, the seeds used are isolated from the plant and are not accompanied by cobs, shells, petioles, hulls, coats or flesh. Thus, for example, seeds that have been harvested, freed of impurities and dried to a moisture content of less than 15% by weight can be used. Alternatively, seeds that have been treated with water after drying, for example, and then dried again can be used.

  When treating the seed, the amount of the composition of the present invention and / or the amount of further additives applied to the seed so that the germination of the seed is not adversely affected, or the plants arising from the seed are not damaged. In general, you should be careful about choosing. This has to be noted especially in the case of active compounds which can show toxic effects at a specific application rate.

  The composition according to the invention can be applied directly, i.e. without further components and without dilution. In general, the composition is preferably applied to the seed in the form of a suitable formulation. Suitable formulations and methods for treating seed are known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the following documents: US 4,272,417, US 4,245,432, US 4, 808,430, US 5,876,739, US 2003/0176428 A1, WO 2002/080675, WO 2002/028186.

  The active compound combinations that can be used according to the invention are customary seed dressing formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, slurries or other coating materials for seeds. , And, further, can be converted into ULV preparations and the like.

  These formulations are prepared in a known manner by combining the active compound or active compound combination with customary additives, such as customary bulking agents, and also solvents or diluents, coloring agents, wetting agents, dispersing agents, It is prepared by mixing with an emulsifier, antifoaming agent, preservative, second thickener, pressure-sensitive adhesive, gibberellins and the like, and further mixing with water.

  Suitable colorants that can be present in the seed dressing formulation that can be used according to the present invention include all colorants customary for such purposes. Both pigments that are poorly soluble in water and dyes that are soluble in water can be used. Examples that may be mentioned include the colorants known under the names “Rhodamin B”, “CI Pigment Red 112” and “CI Solvent Red 1”.

  Suitable wetting agents that can be present in seed dressing formulations that can be used in accordance with the present invention include all substances that promote wetting that are conventional in formulations of agrochemical active substances. Preferably, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates such as diisopropyl naphthalene sulfonate or diisobutyl naphthalene sulfonate can be used.

  Suitable dispersants and / or emulsifiers that can be present in seed dressing formulations that can be used in accordance with the present invention include nonionic, anionic and cationic, which are conventional in formulations of pesticidal actives. All dispersants are included. Preferably, nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants can be used. Particularly suitable nonionic dispersants are ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers and tristyrylphenol polyglycol ethers, and their phosphorylated or sulfated derivatives. Particularly suitable anionic dispersants are lignosulfonates, polyacrylates and aryl sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates.

  Antifoaming agents that can be present in the seed dressing formulation used in accordance with the present invention include all suds-suppressing compounds customary in agrochemical active compound formulations. Preferably, silicone antifoaming agents, magnesium stearate, silicone emulsions, long chain alcohols, fatty acids and their salts, and also organic fluorine compounds and mixtures thereof are used.

  Preservatives that can be present in the seed dressing formulations used in accordance with the present invention include all compounds that can be used for that purpose in agrochemical compositions. Examples include dichlorophen and benzyl alcohol hemiformal.

  The second thickeners that can be present in the seed dressing formulation used according to the invention include all compounds that can be used for that purpose in the agrochemical composition. Preference is given to cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, polysaccharides such as xanthan gum or Veegum, modified clays, phyllosilicates such as attapulgite and bentonite, and also finely divided silicic acid.

  Suitable adhesives that can be present in the seed dressing formulation used in accordance with the present invention include all conventional binders that can be used in the seed dressing. Preferred examples include polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, and tyrose.

  Suitable gibberellins that can be present in the seed dressing formulation used according to the invention are preferably gibberellin A1, gibberellin A3 (= gibberellin acid), gibberellin A4 and gibberellin A7; using gibberellic acid Is particularly preferred. Gibberellins are known (see R. Wegler “Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- and Schadlingsbekampfungsmittel,” Chemistry of Crop Protection Agents, V. ps.

  The seed dressing formulations that can be used according to the present invention can be used directly to treat a very large variety of seeds or can be used after pre-dilution with water. it can. Seed dressing formulations or diluted preparations thereof that can be used according to the invention can also be used to dress seeds of transgenic plants. In this connection, a synergistic effect may occur in the interaction with the substance formed by expression.

  Mixing devices suitable for treating seeds with a seed dressing formulation that can be used according to the present invention or a preparation prepared from the seed dressing formulation by adding water include powder coatings. All mixing devices that can be used generally are included. The specific procedure used when dressing is to place the seeds in a blender, add the desired amount of seed dressing formulation as it is or after it has been pre-diluted with water And performing mixing until the formulation is uniformly distributed on the surface of the seed. In some cases, a drying step is subsequently performed.

  According to the invention, all plants and plant parts can be treated. Plant means all plants and groups of plants such as desirable and undesired wild plants, cultivars and plant varieties (whether protected or not protected by plant varieties or plant breeder rights). Cultivars and plant varieties can be produced by conventional breeding and breeding methods (which include, for example, doubling haploids, protoplast fusion, random mutagenesis and directed mutagenesis, molecular It can be a plant obtained by labeling or genetic marking or biotechnological and genetic engineering methods can be used or supplemented). Plant parts mean all parts above and below the plant and all organs, such as branches, leaves, flowers and roots, where, for example, leaves, needles, stems, branches, flowers, Examples include fruit bodies, fruits and seeds, as well as roots, tubers, corms and rhizomes. Crop and vegetative and generative propagating materials, such as cuttings, corms, rhizomes, tubers, buds and seeds, also belong to plant parts.

  The active compounds according to the invention are suitable for protecting plants and plant organs in combination with the good tolerance of the plants and the desired degree of toxicity to warm-blooded animals and well tolerated by the environment. It is suitable for increasing the yield and is suitable for improving the quality of the harvest. They can preferably be used as crop protection agents. They are effective against normal sensitive and resistant species and are effective against all developmental stages or some developmental stages.

  Among the plants that can be treated by the method of the present invention, mention may be made of the main crops such as corn, soybeans, cotton, Brassica oilsed seeds such as rape ( Brassica napus (e.g., canola), turnip (Brassica rapa), B. juncea (e.g. mustard) and Abyssinia green pepper (Brassica carinata), rice, wheat, sugar beet, sugarcane, oat, rye, barley, barley Triticale, flax, vines, and various fruits and vegetables belonging to various botanical taxonomic groups such as Rosaceae sp. (Eg pip fruit) such as apples and In addition, fruit fruits such as apricot, cherry, almond and peach, berry fruits (eg, strawberries), various species of Ribesiidae (Rivesioidae sp.), Various species of walnut family (Juglandaceae sp.), Various species of birch family ( Betulaceae sp.), Urushiaceae (Anacardiaacee sp.), Beechaceae (Fagaceae sp.), Mulaceae (Moraceae sp.), Moleaceae (Oleaceae sp.), Matabidae (Actinidaceae) Various species of Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (For example, banana trees and banana gardens) Rubiaceae sp. (For example, coffee), Camellia (Theaceae sp.), Aceraceae (Sterculaeae sp.), Citrus (Rutaceae sp.) (For example, lemon, orange and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (For example, tomato, potato, capsicum, eggplant), Lilyaceae sp., Compositae sp. (For example, lettuce, datura and chicory (this is Root chicory (including root chicory, endive or chrysanthemum)), and various species of Umelliferae sp. ) (Eg carrots, parsley, celery and celeriac), Cucurbitaceae sp. (Eg cucumbers (including pickling cucumbers), pumpkins, watermelons, gourds and melons), leeks Alliaceae sp. (For example, onion and leek), Brassicaceae (Cruciferae sp.) (For example, white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, Thai rhinoceros, kohlrabi, radish, horseradish, pepper Chinese cabbage), various legumes (eg, leguminosae sp.) (Eg, peanuts, peas and kidney beans (eg, climbing beans and sola)) Me)), various species of red crustaceae (Chenopodiaceae sp.) (For example, mangold, spinach beet, spinach, beetroot), malvaceae (for example, okra), for example, Asperagaceae (for example, Asperagaceae) Horticultural and forest crops; ornamental plants; and homologs in which these crops have been genetically modified. The treatment of rice, corn, potato, cereals and grapes is of particular importance.

  As already mentioned above, all plants and their parts can be treated according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment, wild plant species and plant varieties, or plant species and plant varieties obtained by conventional biological breeding methods such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and parts thereof are treated. In a further preferred embodiment, transgenic plants and plant varieties (genetically modified organisms) obtained by genetic engineering methods combined with conventional methods, if appropriate, and parts thereof are treated. The terms “parts”, “parts of plants” and “plant parts” have already been explained above. Particularly preferably, plants of plant varieties that are commercially available or used in any case are treated according to the invention. Plant varieties are to be understood as meaning plants with new characteristics ("traits") obtained by conventional breeding or mutagenesis or recombinant DNA techniques. These can be varieties, biotypes or genotypes.

  The treatment method according to the present invention can be used in the treatment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) such as plants or seeds. A genetically modified plant (or transgenic plant) is a plant in which a heterologous gene is stably integrated into the genome. The expression “heterologous gene” is essentially a gene that has been supplied or constructed outside the plant and when introduced into the nuclear genome, chloroplast genome or mitochondrial genome, New or improved in the transformed plant by expressing an interesting protein or polypeptide or by down-regulating or silencing another gene or genes present in the plant A gene that imparts an agronomical property or another property that has been rendered (eg, using antisense technology, co-suppression technology, or RNA interference (RNAi) technology, etc.). A heterologous gene located in the genome is also referred to as a transgene. A transgene defined by its specific location in the plant genome is called a transformation or gene transfer event.

  Depending on the plant species or plant varieties, their growth location and growth conditions (soil, climate, growth season, nutrient), the treatment of the present invention also produces an effect beyond the additive effect (“synergistic effect”). obtain. Thus, for example, reducing the application rate of active compounds and compositions that can be used according to the invention and / or increasing the spectrum of activity and / or increasing activity, improving plant growth, increasing resistance to high or low temperatures, drought or Increased tolerance to salt in water or soil, improved flowering ability, improved harvestability, accelerated maturation, increased yield, increased fruit size, increased plant height, leaves Improved green color, faster flowering, improved quality of harvested products and / or increased nutritional value, increased sugar content in fruits, improved storage stability and / or processability of harvested products Improvements are possible, and these actually exceed the expected effects.

  At certain application rates, the active compound combinations according to the invention can also show a strengthening effect in plants. The active compound combinations according to the invention are therefore also suitable for mobilizing plant defense systems against attack by undesirable microorganisms. This may be one of the reasons for the enhanced activity of the combination according to the invention, for example against fungi, where appropriate. In the context of the present invention, substances that enhance plants (induce resistance) are substantially free of those microorganisms when the treated plants are subsequently inoculated with undesirable microorganisms. It is understood to mean a substance or a combination of substances that can stimulate the defense system of the plant to show a degree of resistance. In this case, undesirable microorganisms are understood to mean phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses. Therefore, the substances of the present invention can be used to protect plants from attack by the pathogen for a specific period after treatment. The period during which protection is achieved is generally from 1 to 10 days, preferably from 1 to 7 days, after the plant has been treated with the active compound.

  Plants and plant varieties that are preferably treated in accordance with the present invention are all plants that have genetic material that confers a particularly advantageous and beneficial trait to the plant (whether obtained by breeding and / or Including those obtained by biotechnological methods).

  Plants and plant varieties that are also preferably treated in accordance with the present invention are resistant to one or more biological stresses. That is, such plants are good against pests and harmful microorganisms, such as nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and / or viroids. Show good defense.

  Examples of nematode resistant plants include, for example, US patent application Ser. No. 11 / 765,491, US patent application Ser. No. 11 / 765,494, US patent application Ser. No. 10 / 926,819, US patent application Ser. 782,020, U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 032,479, U.S. Patent Application No. 10 / 783,417, U.S. Patent Application No. 10 / 782,096, U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 657,964, U.S. Pat. U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 192,904, U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 396,808, U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 166,253, U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 166,239, U.S. Patent Application No. 12/166. , 124, U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 166,209, U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 762,886, U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 364,335, U.S. Patent Application No. 11/763, 47, US patent application 12 / 252,453, US patent application 12 / 209,354, US patent application 12 / 491,396 and US patent application 12 / 497,221. ing.

  Plants that can be treated in accordance with the present invention are characterized by hybrid stress, which generally results in increased yield, improved vitality, improved health, and improved resistance to biological and abiotic stresses. It is a hybrid plant that has already exhibited. Such plants typically have a male male-sterile parent line (female parent) and another male male-male fertile parent line (inbred male-fertile parent line). Made by crossing with (male parent). Hybrid seed is typically harvested from male sterile plants and sold to growers. Male sterile plants can optionally be made (eg, in corn) by removing the ears (ie, mechanically removing the male reproductive organs (or male flowers)). More typically, however, male sterility is the result of genetic determinants within the plant genome. In that case, and particularly when the seed is the desired product harvested from the hybrid plant, it is typically useful to ensure full recovery of male fertility in the hybrid plant. This ensures that the male parent has an appropriate fertility-recovering gene capable of restoring male fertility in hybrid plants containing genetic determinants involved in male sterility Can be achieved. Genetic determinants for male sterility can be present in the cytoplasm. Examples of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) have been described, for example, with respect to Brassica species. However, genetic determinants for male sterility can also be present in the nuclear genome. Male sterile plants can also be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering. A particularly useful method for obtaining male sterile plants is described in WO 89/10396, in which, for example, a ribonuclease such as barnase is selectively expressed in tapetum cells within the stamen. Fertility can then be restored by expressing a ribonuclease inhibitor such as balster in tapetum cells.

  Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) that can be treated according to the present invention have been rendered resistant to herbicide-tolerant plants, ie one or more given herbicides. It is a plant. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or can be obtained by selecting plants containing mutations that confer resistance to the herbicide.

  Herbicide resistant plants are, for example, glyphosate-tolerant plants, ie plants made tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate or a salt thereof. Plants can be made resistant to glyphosate by various methods. For example, glyphosate-tolerant plants can be obtained by transforming plants with a gene encoding the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Examples of such EPSPS genes are: AroA gene (mutant CT7) of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (mutant CT7) (Comai et al., 1983, Science 221, 370-371), bacterial Agrobacterium Agrobacterium sp. CP4 gene (Barry et al., 1992, Curr. Topics Plant Physiol. 7, 139-145), a gene encoding EPSUN of Petunia (Shah et al., 1986, 23 Scien 478-481), a gene encoding tomato EPSPS (Gasser et al., 1988, J. Biol. Chem.). 63, the genes encoding the EPSPS of 4280-4289) or goosegrass genus (Eleusine) (WO 01/66704). It can also be a mutant EPSPS. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene encoding a glyphosate oxidoreductase enzyme. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene encoding a glyphosate acetyltransferase enzyme. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by selecting plants that contain spontaneous mutations of the gene. Plants expressing the EPSPS gene conferring glyphosate resistance have been described. Plants containing other genes that confer glyphosate resistance (eg, decarboxylase genes) have been described.

  Another herbicide resistant plant is, for example, a plant that has been rendered tolerant to a herbicide that inhibits the enzyme glutamine synthase (eg, bialaphos, phosphinotricin or glufosinate). Such plants can be obtained by expressing an enzyme that detoxifies the herbicide or by expressing a mutant glutamine synthase enzyme that is resistant to inhibition. One such effective detoxifying enzyme is an enzyme that encodes phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (eg, a bar protein or a pat protein from Streptomyces species). Plants expressing exogenous phosphinothricin acetyltransferase have been described.

  Further herbicide-tolerant plants are also plants that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides that inhibit the enzyme hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). HPPD is an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction in which para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) is converted to homogentisate. Plants that are resistant to HPPD inhibitors are as described in WO 96/38567, WO 99/24585, WO 99/24586, WO 2009/144079, WO 2002/046387 or US 6,768,044. It can be transformed with a gene encoding a naturally occurring resistant HPPD enzyme or with a gene encoding a mutant HPPD enzyme or a chimeric HPPD enzyme. Resistance to HPPD inhibitors can also be obtained by transforming plants with a gene encoding a specific enzyme capable of forming homogentisate despite inhibition of the natural HPPD enzyme by the HPPD inhibitor. be able to. Such plants and genes are described in WO 99/34008 and WO 02/36787. Plant resistance to HPPD inhibitors can also be determined by genes encoding prefenate deshydrogenase (PDH) activity in addition to genes encoding HPPD resistant enzymes, as described in WO 2004/024928 It can also be improved by transforming plants with Further, the plant is a gene encoding an enzyme (eg, CYP450 enzyme) capable of metabolizing or degrading an HPPD inhibitor in its genome, as described in WO 2007/103567 and WO 2008/150473. Can be made more resistant to HPPD inhibitor herbicides.

  Yet another herbicide resistant plant is a plant that has been rendered tolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Known ALS inhibitors include, for example, sulfonylurea herbicides, imidazolinone herbicides, triazolopyrimidine herbicides, pyrimidinyloxy (thio) benzoate herbicides, and / or sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides. There are agents. Various mutants in the ALS enzyme (also known as “acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS)”) are described, for example, in “Tranel and Wright (2002, Weed Science 50: 700-712)”. As such, it is known to confer resistance to various herbicides and groups of herbicides. The production of sulfonylurea and imidazolinone resistant plants has been described. Other imidazolinone resistant plants have also been described. Additional sulfonylurea and imidazolinone resistant plants have also been described.

  Another plant that is tolerant to imidazolinones and / or sulfonylureas is described in WO 97/41218 for rice, for example, as described in US Pat. No. 5,084,082 for soybeans. As described in US Pat. No. 5,773,702 for sugar beet and WO 99/057965, as described in US Pat. No. 5,198,599 for lettuce, Alternatively, for sunflower, it can be obtained by induced mutagenesis, selection in cell culture in the presence of the herbicide or mutation breeding, as described in WO 01/069222.

  Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) that can be similarly treated according to the invention are resistant to attack by insect-resistant transgenic plants, ie specific target insects. Plant. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or can be obtained by selecting plants that contain mutations that confer such insect resistance.

As used herein, an “insect-resistant transgenic plant” includes any plant that contains at least one transgene that includes a coding sequence encoding: :
(1) Insecticidal crystal protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis or a part showing its insecticidal activity, for example, Clickmore et al. “Crickmore et al. (1998, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 80:62). 813) "and updated in" Bacillus thuringiensis toxin nomenclature "by Clickmore et al." Crickmore et al. (2005) "or a portion showing its insecticidal activity For example, Cry proteins (Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1B, Cry1C, Cry1D, Cry1F, Cry2 b, Cry3Aa or Cry3Bb) protein or a part thereof exhibiting insecticidal activity (eg EP 1999141 and WO 2007/107302) or synthetic genes described eg in US patent application Ser. No. 12 / 249,016 A protein encoded by: or
(2) a crystal protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis or a crystal protein thereof exhibiting insecticidal activity in the presence of a second other crystal protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis or a part thereof Binary toxins composed of a portion, for example, Cry34 crystal protein and Cry35 crystal protein (Moellenbeck et al. 2001, Nat. Biotechnol. 19: 668-72; Schnepf et al. 2006, Applied Environm. Microbiol. 71, 71. 1774), or Cry1A or Cry1F protein and Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab Binary toxin that consists of Cry2Ae proteins (US Patent Application No. 12 / 214,022, and, EP 08010791.5); or,
(3) An insecticidal hybrid protein containing a part of various insecticidal crystal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis, for example, a hybrid of the above protein (1), or the above (2) Protein hybrids such as Cry1A. Produced in the corn event MON89034. 105 protein (WO 2007/027777); or
(4) In order to obtain a stronger insecticidal activity against the target insect species and / or expand the range of the affected target insect species in the protein of any one of (1) to (3) above, And / or where some amino acids (especially 1-10 amino acids) have been replaced with other amino acids due to changes introduced into the encoded DNA during cloning or transformation, eg Cry3Bb1 protein in corn event MON863 or MON88017 or Cry3A protein in corn event MIR604; or
(5) An insecticidal secreted protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus or a part showing its insecticidal activity, for example, a vegetative long-term insecticidal protein listed in known databases (Vegetative incidental protein) (VIP), a protein of the VIP3Aa protein class; or
(6) Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus showing insecticidal activity in the presence of a second secreted protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus A secreted protein derived from (Bacillus cereus), for example, a binary toxin composed of VIP1A protein and VIP2A protein (WO 94/21795); or
(7) An insecticidal hybrid protein comprising a part of various secreted proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, for example, a hybrid of the protein of (1) above, or A hybrid of the protein of (2) above; or
(8) In order to obtain a stronger insecticidal activity against the target insect species and / or to expand the range of the affected target insect species in any one of the proteins (5) to (7) above, And / or several amino acids (especially 1-10 amino acids) due to changes introduced into the encoding DNA during cloning or transformation (still still encoding insecticidal proteins) In which is replaced with another amino acid, for example the VIP3Aa protein in cotton event COT102; or
(9) A secreted protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus that exhibits insecticidal activity in the presence of a crystal protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis, for example, Binary toxin composed of VIP3 and Cry1A or Cry1F (US Patent Application No. 61/126083 and US Patent Application No. 61/195019), or composed of VIP3 protein and Cry2Aa protein or Cry2Ab protein or Cry2Ae protein Binary Toxins (U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 214,022 and EP 08010791.5)
(10) In the protein of (9) above, to obtain a stronger insecticidal activity against the target insect species and / or to expand the range of affected target insect species and / or cloning or transformation Due to changes introduced into the encoded DNA (still still encoding the insecticidal protein), some amino acids (especially 1-10 amino acids) have been replaced by other amino acids. What

  Of course, an “insect-resistant transgenic plant” as used herein is any one containing a combination of genes that encode proteins of any one of the above classes (1) to (10). Includes plants. In one embodiment, to increase the range of affected target insect species when using different proteins for different target insect species, or exhibit insecticidal activity against the same target insect species In order to delay the development of insect resistance to the plant by using different proteins with different mechanisms of action (eg, binding to different receptor binding sites within the insect body), insect resistant plants Contains two or more transgenes encoding any one protein of the above classes (1) to (10).

  An “insect-resistant transgenic plant”, as used herein, further comprises a sequence that, when expressed, produces a double-stranded RNA that inhibits the growth of the pest when ingested by the plant pest. Any plant containing at least one transgene is also included.

Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) that can be similarly treated according to the present invention are resistant to abiotic stress. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or can be obtained by selecting plants that contain mutations that confer such stress resistance. Particularly useful stress-tolerant plants include the following:
(1) a plant containing a transgene capable of reducing the expression and / or activity of a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) gene in a plant cell or plant;
(2) a plant containing a transgene that enhances stress tolerance capable of reducing the expression and / or activity of a PARG-encoding gene in the plant or plant cell;
(3) Plant functional enzymes of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage synthesis pathway including nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinate mononucleotide adenyltransferase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase or nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (plant- A plant comprising a transgene that enhances stress tolerance encoding a functional enzyme.

Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) that can be similarly treated according to the present invention may be modified amounts, quality and / or storage stability of harvested products, and / or Or it shows the altered characteristics of a particular component of the harvested product. For example:
(1) Compared with starch synthesized in wild type plant cells or plants, its physicochemical properties [especially amylose content or amylose / amylopectin ratio, degree of branching, average chain length, side chain distribution, viscous behavior Transgenic plants with altered gelling strength, starch particle size and / or starch particle morphology, which synthesize modified starches more suitable for specific applications;
(2) A transgenic plant that synthesizes a non-starch carbohydrate polymer that synthesizes a non-starch carbohydrate polymer or has modified properties compared to a wild-type plant that has not been genetically modified. Examples include plants that produce polyfructose (especially inulin and levan type polyfructose), plants that produce α-1,4-glucans, α-1,6-branches α-1,4- A plant that produces glucans and a plant that produces alternan;
(3) a transgenic plant producing hyaluronan;
(4) Transgenic plants or hybrid plants, for example, onions having characteristics such as “high content of soluble solids”, “low pungency” (LP) and / or “long-term storage” (LS).

Plants or plant varieties that can be similarly treated according to the present invention (those obtainable by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) are plants with altered fiber properties (eg cotton plants). Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or can be obtained by selecting plants that contain mutations that confer such altered fiber properties. Such plants include the following:
(A) a plant (eg, a cotton plant) containing a modified form of the cellulose synthase gene;
(B) a plant containing a modified form of an rsw2 homologous nucleic acid or an rsw3 homologous nucleic acid (eg a cotton plant), a plant having an increased expression of sucrose phosphate synthase (eg a cotton plant);
(C) plants with increased expression of sucrose synthase (eg, cotton plants);
(D) a plant (eg, a cotton plant) in which the timing of gating of protoplasmic communication based on fiber cells has been modified (eg, via fiber selective β-1,3-glucanase down-regulation);
(E) A plant (eg, cotton plant) having a fiber whose reactivity has been modified (eg, via expression of an N-acetylglucosamine transferase gene including nodC and expression of a chitin synthase gene).

Plants or plant varieties (that can be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) that can be similarly treated according to the present invention are plants having modified oil profile characteristics (eg rapeseed plants or related Brassica plants). ). Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or can be obtained by selecting plants containing mutations that confer such modified oil properties. Such plants include the following:
(A) a plant producing an oil with a high oleic acid content (eg rapeseed plant);
(B) a plant producing an oil with a low linolenic acid content (eg rapeseed plant);
(C) Plants that produce oils with low levels of saturated fatty acids (eg, rape plants).

  Plants or plant varieties that can be similarly treated according to the present invention (obtainable by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) are resistant to viruses [eg, virus resistance to potato virus Y (event SY230 and event SY233: manufacturer “Tecnoplant, Argentina”)], or a plant exhibiting disease resistance (eg, disease resistance against potato epidemics (eg, RB gene)) (eg, potato), or low temperature Plants showing reduced glycation (having Nt-Inhh, IIR-INV gene) (eg potato) or plants having a fertile phenotype (Gene A-20 oxidase) (eg potato) It is.

  Plants or plant varieties that can be treated in accordance with the present invention (those obtainable by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) are plants having modified seed shedding characteristics (eg rapeseed plants or related Brassica plants). ). Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or can be obtained by selecting plants that contain mutations that confer such modified seed shedding characteristics. Such plants include plants in which seed shedding has been delayed or reduced (eg, rape plants).

Particularly useful transgenic plants that can be treated in accordance with the present invention are subject to an application to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Quarantine Administration (APHIS) for non-regulated status in the United States (where: Such applications are permitted or under review), plants that contain a transformation event or a combination of transformation events. This information is readily available from APHIS (4700 River Road Riverdale, MD 20737, USA) at any time. An application for a regulatory exemption that is pending or authorized by APHIS at the filing date of this application was an application containing the following information:
-Application: Identification number of the application. A technical description of the transformation event can be found in the individual application documents available from APHIS (eg, by referring to the application number on the APHIS website). These descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.

-Application extension: A reference to an earlier application for which an extension is requested.

-Company: Name of the entity submitting the application.

-Regulated items: related plant species

-Transgenic phenotype: A trait conferred to a plant by a transformation event.

-Transformation event or line: the name of one or more events (sometimes also called lines) for which exemptions are being claimed.

-APHIS documents: Various documents published by APHIS regarding applications that can be charged to APHIS.

  Particularly useful transgenic plants that can be treated according to the present invention are plants containing one or more genes encoding one or more toxins, such as the following sold under the trade name: YIELD GARD® (eg, corn, cotton, soybean), KnockOut® (eg, corn), BiteGard® (eg, corn), BT-Xtra® (eg, corn), StarLink® (eg, corn), Bollgard® (cotta), Nucotn® (cotta), Nucotn 33B® (cotta), NatureGuard® (eg, corn), Protecta (registered trademark) and N ewLeaf® (potato). Examples of herbicide-tolerant plants that may be mentioned are Roundup Ready® (resistance to glyphosate, eg corn, cotton, soybean), Liberty Link® (resistance to phosphinotricin, eg rapeseed), Corn varieties, cotton varieties and soybean varieties sold under the trade names IMI (registered trademark) (resistant to imidazolinone) and STS (registered trademark) (resistant to sulfonylurea, for example corn). Examples of herbicide-resistant plants that can be cited (plants that have been cultivated in a conventional manner with respect to herbicide tolerance) include varieties sold under the trade name Clearfield® (for example, corn). .

  Particularly useful additional plants containing a single transformation event or a combination of transformation events are described in databases by various regulatory agencies in, for example, countries or regions.

When applying the compounds according to the invention, the application rates can be varied within wide limits. The dosage / application rate of the active compounds usually applied in the treatment method according to the invention is generally and advantageously as follows:
When treating plant parts, for example, leaves (stem and leaf treatment): 0.1 to 10000 g / ha, preferably 10 to 1000 g / ha, more preferably 50 to 300 g / ha; for irrigation application or dripping application In some cases, particularly when using inert bottoms such as rock wool or pearlite, the dosage can be further reduced;
In the case of seed treatment: 2-200 g per 100 kg seed, preferably 3-150 g per 100 kg seed, more preferably 2.5-25 g per 100 kg seed, and even more preferably 2.5-12 g per 100 kg seed. 5 g;
In the case of soil treatment: 0.1 to 10000 g / ha, preferably 1 to 5000 g / ha.

  The dosages given herein are given as examples illustrating the method according to the invention. The person skilled in the art will know how to adapt the application dose, especially in the light of the type of plant or crop to be treated.

  The combination according to the invention can be used to protect plants against pests and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms for a certain period of time after treatment. The period during which protection is provided is generally from 1 to 28 days, preferably from 1 to 14 days, more preferably from 1 to 10 days, and even more preferably from 1 to 7 days, after the plants have been treated with the combination. Or up to 200 days after the plant's propagation organ has been treated.

  The present invention is illustrated by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example of use
Example A: Potato test Gansu's zinc-deficient black soil (pH 8.35; available zinc content 0.34 μg / g soil; organic matter 8.86%) was loaded with potato “Cultivar Shepody”. Planted: 2050m above sea level, June to September average temperature of 16.4 ° C to 19.7 ° C, rainfall of 18mm to 43.3mm, and relative humidity of 34.5% to 67.8%.

4 iterations per treatment. Each compartment is a 100 m ² with 500 shares. The control product was the commercially available fungicide product “Manzeb 80% WP”. There is no disease infection in the field. The field management is similar between treatments: sowing April 28, 2010 and soiling June 25, 2010; three irrigations (50 liters each) May 6, June 19 and August 12; two weeds, June 9 and July 23, respectively. Before sowing, (NH ₄ ) H ₂ PO ₃ (application rate 210 kg / ha), Ca (H ₂ PO ₄ ) · H ₂ O (application rate 750 kg / ha) and CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ (application rate 165 kg / ha Ha) was fertilized.

  The effect of propineb on enhancement of nutrient quality in potato tubers was evaluated after harvest. The sampling for each treatment was 2-3 tubers randomly selected for the laboratory for testing for nutrient quality.

  Testing of soluble protein content by the method of “Coomassie brilliant blue G-250”: 0.5 g of potato tuber tissue was ground in water (2 mL) and homogenized in 6 mL of water. The homogenate was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4 ° C. and the supernatant was used as a source of soluble protein. It was then stained with “Coomassie brilliant blue G-250”. The absorbance was measured at 595 nm. The protein content is expressed in μg / g living weight (FW).

Starch content test method: 25 g of potato tuber tissue was ground and dried at 80 ° C. A 500 mg sample was extracted with ethanol (80%) at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes and the supernatant was removed. The residue was treated with HCl (2%) and kept boiling in a water bath for 3 hours to convert all starch to sugar. The sugar content was then tested for starch content. Protein was precipitated using Ba (OH) ₂ solution. Phenolphthalein was used as an indicator and 5% ZnSO ₄ solution was added slowly until the supernatant turned light red. The starch content is expressed in μg / g living weight (FW).

  Dry Matter Test Method: 1000 g potato tubers for each fresh sample were dried in an oven at 200 ° C. until the weight was stable. The dry matter content is expressed as a percentage (%) by weight.

Zinc content test method: Reference was made to “National Standard of PR China: Determination of Zinc in Foods” (GB / T 5009.14-2003, ICS 67.040 C 53).

Tuber yield and nutrient quality were measured after harvest.

  Soluble protein, starch content, zinc content and dry matter of potato tubers treated with Antracol show a significant increase compared to untreated controls and farmer practices.

Example B: Rice test (field test)
Rice “Cultivar Yang II you 6 (Yang II Yu 6)” was seeded in a 40 m ² section at a seeding rate of 22.5 kg / ha (3 repetitions per treatment). The following treatment was carried out using commercially available “Antracol 70WP” (propineb 700 g / kg) and zinc fertilizer ZnSO ₄ .

Field management follows the convention and is similar between treatments: the previous crop was winter oil seed rape and rice was sown on June 15, 2010. Prior to sowing, (NH ₄ ) ₂ PO ₃ (application rate 300 kg / ha), KCl (application rate 150 kg / ha) and CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ (application rate 375 kg / ha) were fertilized.

  The effect of propineb on the zinc content of rice grains was evaluated under field conditions in China. The sampling for each treatment was 500 g randomly selected for the laboratory for testing for zinc content.

Zinc content test method: Reference was made to “National Standard of PR China: Determination of Zinc in Foods” (GB / T 5009.14-2003, ICS 67.040 C 53).

The zinc content of leaves and grains at the time of harvest was measured.

  The content of soluble zinc in rice leaves and kernels shows a significant increase when the rice plant is treated with "Antracol" compared to untreated controls and farmer practices .

Example C: Corn test (field test)
Corn “Cultivar Fuyu No. 2 (No. 2)” was sown at a seeding rate of 60 kg / ha in an 80 m ² section in the test farm of “Tianjin Institute of Plant Protection” (3 repetitions per treatment). The soil type is black soil (pH 7.5, organic substance 7.54%). The following treatment was carried out using commercially available “Antracol 70WP” (propineb 700 g / kg) and zinc fertilizer ZnSO ₄ .

Field management is similar between treatments according to convention: the previous crop was winter wheat and wheat was sown on June 22, 2010; three times during the stem elongation period, heading period and milking period, respectively. Irrigation. Before sowing, (NH ₄ ) ₂ PO ₃ (application rate 225 kg / ha), KCl (application rate 150 kg / ha) and CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ (application rate 450 kg / ha) were fertilized.

  The effect of propineb on corn grain zinc content was evaluated under field conditions in China. The sampling for each treatment was 1000 g randomly selected for the laboratory for testing for zinc content.

Zinc content test method: “National Standard for Food safety of PR China: Determination of Zinc in Foods” (GB / T 5009.14.2003; Publisher: Ministry of Health. IC. 040 C 53).

The zinc content of leaves and grains at the time of harvest was measured.

  The soluble zinc content of corn leaves and kernels shows a significant increase when the corn plant is treated with "Antracol" compared to untreated controls and farmer practices .

Example D: Rice test (field test)
Rice "Cultivar Danjing jiahua No. 1 (Kaede Kasumi 1)" was sown in a 30 m ² section at a seeding rate of 30 kg / ha (4 repetitions per treatment). (Propineb 700 g / kg).

  The effect of propineb on the enhancement of rice grain nutrient quality was evaluated under field conditions in China. The sampling for each treatment was 1000 g randomly selected for the laboratory for testing for nutrient quality.

  Fiber content test method: “National Standard for safety of PR China: Determination of Fiber in Foods” (GB / T 5515. 5-2008; published by Ministry of Health of IC. C 53).

  Crude protein content test method: “National Standard for safety of PR China: Determination of Protein in Foods” (GB / 50009. 5-2010; Publisher: Minist of Health of P.R. C 53).

Vitamin B ₁ test method: “National Food Standard of PR China: Determination of Vitamin B ₁ for infants and young children, th. F / 13, published by G. M. and M. f. R. China. ICS 67.040 C 53).

Vitamin B ₂ test method: “National Food Standard of PR R. China: Determination of Vitamin B ₂ for infants and youth Children, milk and milk products, published by GB12. China, ICS 67.040 C 53).

Iron content test method: “National Food Standard of PR China: Determination of Iron, Magnesium and Manganese in Foods” (GB / T 5009. 90-2003; Publisher Minf. 67.040 C 53).

The nutrient quality at the time of harvest was measured.

Rice grain crude protein, vitamin B ₁ and vitamin B _2, when the rice plants have been treated with "Antracol", not treated in comparison with conventional control and farmers, shows a significant increase Yes.

Example E: Corn test (field test)
Corn “Cultivar Jiyuan No. 1 (Kigen No. 1)” was seeded in a 50 m ² section at a seeding rate of 45 kg / ha (4 repetitions per treatment). The following treatment was carried out using commercially available “Antracol 70WP” (propineb 700 g / kg).

  The effect of propineb on enhancing the quality of corn grain nutrients was evaluated under field conditions in China. The sampling for each treatment was 1000 g randomly selected for the laboratory for testing for nutrient quality.

  Crude protein content test method: “National Standard for safety of PR China: Determination of Protein in Foods” (GB / 50009. 5-2010; Publisher: Minist of Health of P.R. C 53).

  Vitamin E content test method: “National for Food Standard of PR China: Determination of Vitamin A, D, E in Foods for infants and milk Kids, Milt. Publisher Ministry of Health of PR China. ICS 67.040 C 53).

Vitamin B ₁ test method: “National Food Standard of PR China: Determination of Vitamin B ₁ for infants and young children, th. F / 13, published by G. M. and M. f. R. China. ICS 67.040 C 53).

Vitamin B ₂ test method: “National Food Standard of PR China: Determination of Vitamin B ₂ for infants and youth Children, milk and milk products, f. R. China. ICS 67.040 C 53).

Iron content test method: “National Food Standard of PR China: Determination of Iron, Magnesium and Manganese in Foods” (GB / T 5009. 90-2003; Publisher Minf. 67.040 C 53).

The nutrient quality at the time of harvest was measured.

Corn grain crude protein, vitamin E, vitamin B ₁ and vitamin B ₂ are significantly increased when the corn plant is treated with “Antracol” compared to untreated control and farmer practices Is shown.

Example F: Grape test (field test)
For the purpose of confirming the effect of propineb application on product quality and vineyard vegetation, several grape varieties were compared in modules with and without application with "Antracol 70% WP".

The method tests were conducted in various vineyards (Vinha Grande de Algeruz [VGA]; Vinha das Faias [VF]; Vinha do Desembargador [VD] and Quinta dos Cistus [QC] Use different varieties in different types of soil (sandy soil with a zinc content of 1.1-0.5 ppm and viscosity-chalky soil) at 40 km and located near Peninsula de Setubal) Carried out. Grape rhizomes were 41B (QC) and 1103-Paulsen at the rest. The age of the vineyard is 1 year (QC) to 20 years (VG).

Table 1: Grape varieties, vineyards near Peninsula de Setubal and characterization

  Application was carried out using a back sprayer. The amount of water was 322-355 L / ha, while the concentration was adjusted to maintain a fixed dose.

  Both treated and untreated compartments contained two blocks of 6 plants (12 plants in total).

In the treatment section, “Antracol 70% WP” was applied 4 times at 2.5 kg / ha. Application was carried out during the growth phase BBCH 77-85 with a maximum of “Exposed Wall Surface”.

Table 2: Grape varieties, vineyards, and application periods at specific growth stages

  To analyze the foliage to assess the zinc content, leaves were sampled at 18/08 (August 18).

  At harvest time, microbrewing of the untreated and treated compartments was performed. The wine was then subjected to a sensory test. Although evolution is registered in the evaluation of wine, sensory testing is still a decisive factor in the evaluation of wine. Since there is no single chemical analysis that makes it possible to determine the sensory characteristics of wine, sensory testing is still irreplaceable.

Results Stem and leaf analysis
Table 3: Zinc content (mg / kg)

  The analysis was performed by INIA (Unide de Investigaca de Ambiente e Recurrence Natures) (Internal Method-LAP. PL12 VD (2009/09/20)).

Sensory test The sensory test was conducted by four professional wine tasters with over 20 years of experience. They didn't know the grounds of the wine. The wines were classified and distributed in a casual order. A differential tasting of “Pair of Stimulus” (Cover, 1936) was performed. In that discriminating tasting, the wine taster had to face the treated and untreated compartments and show one of his preference.

From the above table, it can be observed the results from grape varieties, or by observing the X ² distribution, to focus our analysis only to the effects of the presence or absence of application of "Antracol" You can observe the results. N is equal to the total number of tastings, X ₁ is the number of favored tastings for wine with “Antracol”, and X ₂ is the number of favored tastings for wine without “Antracol” is there.

The present inventors have concluded that ^{X 2} is equal to 8.1. This means that taster preference when applying “Antracol” has reached 5% of the significance level.

Claims (3)

A method for improving plant quality ,
Where cultivating therein the location or the crop plants the crop plants are grown in it is intended, and treated with micronutrient-containing active ingredient with a application rate of bactericidal activity of 315 ~10000g / ha,
The micronutrient-containing active ingredient having the bactericidal activity is propineb ,
A yield in which the plant quality is selected from the group consisting of increased biomass, increased content of beneficial components, and improved content or composition of specific components; improved growth of plants; And the vitality of a plant selected from the group consisting of darker green leaves; or the state of a crop plant and / or its product as determined by a combination thereof . The following characteristics of crop plants:
* Increased weight of plants;
* Increased zinc content;
* Increased biomass;
* Increased starch content;
* Increased protein content;
* Increased vitamin content;
The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the is improved. 3. The method according to claim 2 , characterized in that, depending on the type of improved property, the quality of the plant is increased by at least 5% compared to the respective untreated control plant.