JP6417918B2 - Grain dryer - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a grain dryer.

  In the circulation type grain dryer, the grain circulation speed of the discharge valve is increased at each time when the moisture value detected by the moisture detector decreases during the drying operation, and the hot air generator is controlled. Patent Document 1 discloses that the temperature of hot air supplied to the drying unit is lowered stepwise to gradually reduce the drying rate.

Japanese Patent No. 4362673

  In the circulation type grain dryer, the bulk density of the grains increases with the progress of the drying operation, and the air volume passing between the grains gradually decreases. However, the rate of reduction of the bulk density differs depending on the grain type. Therefore, the present invention reduces the hot air temperature corresponding to the decrease in individual bulk density of the grain type as the drying operation proceeds in the circulation type grain dryer, optimizes the hot air temperature near the end of drying, It is intended to properly dry the.

The present invention takes the following technical means in order to solve this problem .

The invention according to claim 1 is a combustion burner (7) for generating hot air, a hot air chamber (14) through which the hot air passes, and an exhaust fan for sucking hot air in the hot air chamber (14) and discharging it outside the apparatus. (10) In the grain dryer provided with the moisture meter (53) for measuring the moisture value of the grain and the control unit (S) for controlling the drying operation, as the measured moisture value decreases as the drying operation proceeds The control means for decreasing the combustion amount of the combustion burner (7) in sequence and increasing the reduction rate of the combustion amount of the combustion burner (7) with the progress of the drying operation as the amount of sticking increases in parallel with this A grain dryer characterized by being added to part (S).

The invention according to claim 2 is a combustion burner (7) for generating hot air, a hot air chamber (14) through which the hot air passes, and an exhaust fan for sucking hot air in the hot air chamber (14) and discharging it outside the apparatus. (10) In a grain dryer having a moisture meter (53) for measuring the moisture value of the grain and a control unit (S) for controlling the drying operation, a grain setting switch (41) for setting the type of the dried grain is provided. As the measured moisture value decreases as the drying operation progresses, the combustion amount of the combustion burner (7) is sequentially decreased, and in parallel, the reduction rate of the combustion amount is larger than the wheat. The grain drying machine is characterized in that a control means is added to the control section (S).

The invention according to claim 3 adds control means to the control unit (S) to reduce the rate of reduction of the combustion amount of the combustion burner (7) compared to barley or wheat during the drying operation of beans or buckwheat. The grain dryer according to claim 2 .

The invention according to claim 1 is based on the characteristic structure of the claims, and as the amount of embedding increases as the drying operation progresses, the bulk density of the grains increases and the air volume passing between the grains decreases, but the combustion burner (7 ) Is reduced by that amount, the hot air temperature near the end of drying can be optimized and the grain can be properly dried.

The invention according to claim 2 is based on the characteristic structure of the claims, and when the drying operation proceeds, the bulk density of barley becomes higher than that of wheat. By increasing the size, it is possible to optimize the hot air temperature near the end of the drying operation and to properly dry wheat and barley.

In addition to the above-mentioned effect of the invention of claim 2 , the invention of claim 3 is based on the characteristic structure of the claims, and is related to beans and buckwheat that have less bulk density change than barley and wheat with the progress of the drying operation. Can reduce the burning rate of the burning burner (7) to be smaller than that of barley and wheat, thereby optimizing the hot air temperature near the end of drying and properly drying beans and buckwheat.

The figure which shows the inside of the dryer seen from the front Rear view of grain dryer Diagram explaining the inside of the dryer as seen from the side Enlarged view of the exhaust guide seen from the back Perspective view of exhaust fan 10 The figure which shows the inside of the exhaust fan 10 Time chart Block Diagram Operation panel The figure which shows the position and effect | action of a wind guide seen from the side Diagram showing combustion burner control criteria Diagram showing combustion burner control criteria Diagram showing combustion burner control criteria Diagram showing combustion burner control criteria Diagram showing combustion burner control criteria

  As embodiment of this invention, it demonstrates below based on a grain dryer.

  Inside the box 1 are provided a storage chamber 2 for storing grains from above and a drying chamber 3 for drying the grains.

  In front of the box 1, an elevator 5 for cerealing grains and a burner case 6 are provided, and a combustion burner 7 for generating hot air is provided in the burner case 6. An exhaust duct 9 that communicates with the exhaust chamber 8 is provided behind the box 1, and an exhaust fan 10 is provided on the rear surface of the exhaust duct 9. One end of the exhaust air return duct 11 is connected to the upper surface of the exhaust air fan 10, and the other end of the exhaust air return duct 11 is connected to the box 1. The exhaust air inlet 12 of the exhaust air return duct 11 communicates with the inside of the exhaust air fan 10, and the exhaust air supply port 13 communicates with the hot air chamber 14.

  At the top of the box 1 is provided an upper spiral 15 that horizontally conveys the grains that have been harvested by the elevator 5.

  A hot air chamber 14 is provided in the left and right center of the drying chamber 3, and a far-infrared radiator 16 is provided inside the hot air chamber 14. Grain flow passages 19a and 19a through which the grain flows down are provided on the left and right sides of the hot air chamber 14, and a wind exhaust chamber 8 is provided outside the grain flow passages 19a and 19a.

  A rotary valve 17 for feeding out the grain is provided at the lower end of the grain flow passages 19a, 19a, and a lower spiral 18 for conveying the grain to the elevator 5 is provided below the rotary valve 17.

  The burner case 6 has a large number of slits 6a for introducing outside air. The combustion burner 7 is equipped with a gun type burner that performs intermittent combustion.

  The exhaust fan 10 includes a rotary blade 20 that is rotated by a horizontal axis 20a in an outer cylinder 24, a fixed blade 21 that rectifies exhaust air discharged from the rotary blade 20, an inner cylinder 25, and a rotary blade 20 An exhaust air guide plate 22 is provided for guiding a part of the exhaust air discharged by the exhaust air to the exhaust air return duct 11 side. The fixed wings 21 are located behind the rotary wings 20 and are provided with twisted exhaust air flow rectifying surfaces on both the left and right sides, and are provided at a set interval in a radial pattern in the rear view. The outer end of the fixed wing 21 is attached to the outer cylinder 24, and the inner end of the fixed wing 21 is attached to the inner cylinder 25. The inner cylinder 25 and the fixed blade 21 are for improving the hot air suction capability by applying pressure to the wind generated by the rotary blade 20.

  The wind guide plate 22 is provided between the adjacent fixed wings 21 in a rearwardly rising and inclined posture. The front end of the exhaust air guide plate 22 is positioned below the exhaust air inlet 12, and the rear end of the exhaust air guide plate 22 is positioned behind the rear end of the exhaust air inlet 12. One end of the wind guide plate 22 is attached to one rectifying surface of the fixed wing 21, and the other end is attached to the opposing surface of the adjacent fixed wing 21. That is, the exhaust guide plate 22 and the fixed wing 21 are attached in a crossing direction. The wind guide plate 22 is provided on the upper fixed wing 21. And it is provided in the fixed wing | blade 21 of the range of the left-right width of the exhaust wind return duct 11. FIG. The wind guide plate 22 is attached to the substantially center of the fixed wing 21 in the vertical direction. Therefore, the phase of the attachment position of the adjacent wind guide plates 22 is different.

  The exhaust air guide plate 22 is formed with exhaust air passage holes, in the embodiment, a large number of slits 22a. The slit 22a may have various shapes such as a round hole and a square hole.

  In the exhaust air return duct 11, an exhaust air adjustment valve 26 that adjusts the amount of exhaust air flowing into the exhaust air return duct 11 is provided. The exhaust air adjusting valve 26 is configured to be rotatable about a horizontal axis by an exhaust air adjusting valve motor 27. The exhaust air return duct 11 includes a first duct portion 11 a extending in the vertical direction from the upper surface of the exhaust air fan 10, and a second duct portion 11 b connecting the upper end portion of the first duct portion 11 a and the back surface of the box 1. The exhaust air regulating valve 26 is provided in the first duct portion 11a. The 2nd duct part 11b is set as the structure which enlarges an opening area so that it may spread forward.

  The far-infrared radiator 16 integrally includes a first cylindrical portion 30 and a second cylindrical portion 31 that is folded back from the first cylindrical portion 30, and the first cylindrical portion 30 and the second cylindrical portion 31 are both formed in a hollow shape. Is done. The opening at the front end of the first cylindrical portion 30 is configured to face the combustion burner 7, and the opening at the front end of the second cylindrical portion 31 is directed to the left and right sides.

  Next, the operation panel U will be described.

  The operation panel will be described.

  On the front side of the operation panel U in which the control unit S is built, operation switches such as a tension switch 32, a ventilation switch 33, a drying switch 34, a discharge switch 35, and a stop switch 36 are provided. Further, an operation display panel 45 for sequentially displaying the hot air temperature, the measured moisture value, and the remaining time until the end of the drying operation during the drying operation is provided. In addition, a tension amount switch 37 for setting a tension amount, a moisture setting switch 38 for setting a target moisture value, a setting display panel 39 for displaying setting values of the tension amount switch 37 and the moisture setting switch 38, setting A numerical value increase / decrease switch 40 for changing the set value of the display panel 39 is provided. Further, a grain setting switch 41 for setting the grain type to be dried and a drying speed setting switch 42 for setting the drying speed are provided.

  A hot air temperature detection sensor 43 for detecting the temperature in the hot air chamber 14 and an outside air temperature sensor 44 for detecting the outside air temperature are provided.

  Next, combustion control and drying control by the exhaust air regulating valve 26 will be described.

  The combustion burner 7 of the present embodiment is a so-called gun-type burner. As shown in FIG. 3, the air is supplied by a burner blower fan 52 and the fuel delivered by a pump 50 from a fuel tank (not shown) is nozzle ( The burner is sprayed from (not shown) and ignited by the igniter 51 to burn.

  Combustion capacity is constant, and the drying temperature is constant at a high temperature when always combusted. However, since the grain dryer needs to change and control the necessary drying temperature according to the amount of grain and the outside air temperature, drying is performed by intermittent combustion in which the combustion process and the combustion stop process are performed at a set time (for example, 1 minute) cycle. Control the temperature. That is, the lower the target drying temperature, the shorter the combustion process time in one cycle (for example, 30 seconds), and the longer the combustion stop process time in one cycle (for example, 30 seconds). The higher the target drying temperature, the longer the combustion process time in one cycle (for example, 45 seconds) and the shorter the combustion stop process time (for example, 15 seconds).

  The drying operation will be described. When the operator operates the tension switch 32, the elevator 5 and the upper spiral 15 are driven to stretch the tension grains sequentially into the storage chamber 2. When the tension operation is completed, the operator sets the tension grain amount with the tension amount switch 37, sets the target moisture value (for example, 14%) with the moisture setting switch 38, and dries with the grain setting switch 41. The target grain is set, and the drying speed is set by the drying speed setting switch 42.

  Next, when the drying switch 34 is operated, a drying operation is started. The circulation system of the rotary valve 17, the lower spiral 18, the elevator 5, and the upper spiral 15 starts to be driven, and the combustion burner 7 starts to burn. The hot air generated by the combustion burner 7 passes through the far-infrared radiator 16 by the suction action of the exhaust fan 10 and flows into the hot air chamber 14 through the opening at the front end of the second cylindrical portion 31. Then, it flows into the grain flow passages 19a and 19a formed of a net from the hot air chamber 14, and acts on the grains. Then, the hot air deprived of moisture from the grain flows into the exhaust chamber 8, and then is discharged as exhaust air toward the outside of the apparatus by the exhaust fan 10 through the exhaust duct 9. Part of the exhausted air with heat and moisture is supplied to the hot air chamber 14 via the exhaust air return duct 11 and used for the drying operation. The grain is subjected to a drying action by the action of hot air, the action of far-infrared rays generated from the far-infrared radiator 16 and the exhaust air returned from the exhaust air return duct 11.

  The exhaust air regulating valve 26 is adjusted based on the set amount of filling and drying speed, and the conditions such as the grain moisture value measured by the moisture meter 53 and the outside air temperature. For example, in the initial stage of drying, the ratio of returning the exhaust air to the exhaust air return duct 11 is increased so as to increase the grain temperature, and the exhaust air is returned as the moisture value measured by the moisture meter 53 decreases as the drying operation continues. The ratio of returning to the duct 11 side is gradually reduced, and the exhaust air adjustment valve 26 is controlled so that almost all the exhaust air is discharged outside the apparatus when the target moisture value is approached.

  In the present embodiment, even when the exhaust air regulating valve 26 is in a fully opened state, that is, even when the largest amount of exhaust air is supplied to the hot air chamber 14 via the exhaust air return duct 11, the exhaust air flows into the exhaust air guide plate 22. Since it passes through the slit 22a or between the fixed wings 21 where the exhaust air guide plate 22 is not attached, the ratio of exhaust air supplied to the hot air chamber 14 is about 40% of the total exhaust air volume.

  As described above, the combustion burner 7 performs the combustion process and the combustion stop process at a period (1 minute) every set time.

  When the combustion process is shifted to the combustion stop process during the drying operation, the exhaust air adjusting valve 26 is controlled so as to correct the amount of exhaust air to be returned to the hot air chamber 14 to be increased. And control which returns the exhaust-air control valve 26 to the position at the time of the last combustion process is performed by the end of the said combustion stop process.

  The drying control of the present embodiment is to supply the drying heat amount and moisture contained in the exhaust air to the grain, thereby suppressing moisture evaporation from the surface of the grain, and the supplied amount of heat acts on the inside of the grain. Even if the grain temperature rises rapidly and the moisture transfer in the grain is promoted, the moisture gradient does not rise rapidly, and the cracking of the grain does not easily occur. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of shell cracks due to a sudden drop in the grain temperature during the combustion stop process, the amount of exhaust air returned to the hot air chamber 14 is increased during the stop of the combustion process, and the amount of drying heat and moisture are further given. The temperature can be maintained and cracking of the trunk can be prevented.

  The pump 50 according to the present embodiment is configured to include one pump having a constant delivery capacity. However, as another example, two pumps may be provided and the high temperature and the low temperature may be adjusted by properly using the two pumps. That is, two pumps are used when the target drying temperature is in the high temperature range, and one pump is used when the target drying temperature is in the low temperature range.

  The exhaust fan 10 and the exhaust air return duct 11 according to the present embodiment are configured to be biased from the left and right central portions of the exhaust duct 9 to the left and right sides. And the exhaust air supply port 13 is the structure formed in the left-right center part of the box 1. For this reason, it is also possible to bias the exhaust fan 10 to the left and right other sides, that is, to offset it by making the assembly direction of the exhaust duct 9 upside down during assembly. Thereby, according to the installation place of a grain dryer, the exhaust fan 10 can be installed in a desired place.

  Hereinafter, the effect which the grain dryer of this Embodiment show | plays is demonstrated.

  The exhaust air guide plate 22 of the present embodiment can guide a part of the exhaust air discharged from the rotor blade 20 to the exhaust air return duct 11 with a simple configuration. Moreover, since the length of the exhaust fan 10 protruding rearward of the box does not become long, the grain dryer can be easily installed.

  Further, by attaching the left and right end portions of the exhaust air guide plate 22 to the left and right side surfaces of the adjacent fixed wings 21, that is, the exhaust air rectifying surface, the attachment structure of the exhaust air guide plate 22 can be strengthened.

  Further, the exhaust air guide plate 22 can be attached to the fixed wing 21 provided at the upper portion so that exhaust air can be intensively guided to the upper exhaust air return duct 11 and the exhaust air adjusting valve 26 is fully closed. When the exhaust air is not guided to the exhaust air return duct 11, the exhaust air is also discharged from between the lower stationary blades 21 that are not provided with the exhaust air guide plate 22, so that the exhaust of the exhaust air is less likely to be obstructed. can do.

  In addition, by forming a large number of slits 22a in the exhaust air guide plate 22, a part of the exhaust air can be guided to the exhaust air return duct, but the pressure on the exhaust air guide plate 22 due to the exhaust air is reduced. In addition, noise can be reduced. Further, when the exhaust air adjusting valve 26 is fully closed and the exhaust air is not guided to the exhaust air return duct 11, the exhaust air can be smoothly discharged outside the apparatus.

  The exhaust wind guide plate 22 is provided in a rearwardly inclined posture between the adjacent fixed wings 21, and the front end of the exhaust wind guide plate 22 is located below the exhaust air inlet 12, and the rear end of the exhaust wind guide plate 22. Is configured to be located behind the rear end of the exhaust air inlet 12, so that the exhaust air is efficiently guided to the exhaust air return duct 11, and the pressure to the exhaust air guide plate 22 due to the exhaust air is reduced. Noise can be reduced.

  Next, drying control corresponding to various grain types will be described.

  A combustion burner 7 for generating hot air, a hot air chamber 14 through which the hot air passes, an exhaust fan 10 for sucking hot air in the hot air chamber 14 and discharging it to the outside of the machine, a moisture meter 53 for measuring the grain moisture value, The control unit S for controlling the drying operation and the circulation type grain dryer provided with the grain circulation transfer means include the following control means corresponding to the kind of grain.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the control unit S sequentially decreases the combustion amount of the combustion burner 7 by, for example, a predetermined coefficient as the measured moisture value of the grain decreases as the drying operation proceeds. In order to reduce the combustion amount of the combustion burner 7 as the measured moisture value decreases, the combustion burner 7 may be decreased by, for example, 3% per hour after the elapse of a predetermined time (for example, after 4 hours) from the start of the drying operation.

  In parallel with the control, as shown in FIG. 13, when the outside air temperature during the drying operation is high, the rate of decrease in the combustion amount of the combustion burner 7 accompanying the progress of the drying operation is increased (for example, outside air). (If the temperature is 20 degrees C, decrease by 2% per hour.) If the outside air temperature is low, reduce the rate of decrease in the combustion amount of the combustion burner 7 (for example, if the outside temperature is 10 degrees C) 1% per hour).

  According to the above configuration, the higher the outside air temperature, the higher the bulk density of the grains and the lower the amount of air passing between the grains as the drying operation proceeds. When the temperature is low, the temperature can be reduced to a small value, so that the hot air temperature near the end of drying can be optimized and the grain can be properly dried.

  Further, as the measured moisture value decreases with the progress of the drying operation, the combustion amount of the combustion burner 7 is sequentially decreased along the control reference line 56a of FIG. In parallel with this, when the amount of sticking is large, as the drying operation proceeds, the reduction rate of the combustion amount of the combustion burner 7 is increased along the steeply inclined control reference line 56i of FIG. When the amount is small, the rate of decrease in the combustion amount of the combustion burner 7 is reduced so as to follow the gently inclined control reference gland 56j in FIG.

  That is, for example, when the amount of grain is 20 stones, it is reduced by 1% for every hour of drying operation, and when it is 30 stones, it is reduced by 2% for every hour of drying operation. In some cases, decrease by 3% for every hour of drying operation.

  According to the above-described configuration, the amount of air passing between the grains decreases as the amount of tension increases as the grain drying operation proceeds, but the rate of decrease in the combustion amount of the combustion burner 7 increases as the amount of tension increases. By lowering the decrease rate as the amount is smaller, the hot air temperature near the end of drying can be optimized and the grain can be properly dried regardless of the amount of grain.

  In addition, when the barley and wheat grain types are set by the grain setting switch 41, the combustion amount of the combustion burner 7 is reduced as described above as the measured moisture value decreases as the drying operation proceeds. In parallel with this, when reducing the amount of combustion as shown in FIG. 14, in the case of barley, the rate of decrease is increased along the steep control reference gland 56e, and in the case of wheat, the rate of decrease is reduced. The rate of decrease is made smaller along the inclination control reference line 56g.

  According to the above configuration, the bulk density of barley becomes higher than wheat as the drying operation progresses. And wheat and barley can be dried appropriately.

  In addition, when drying soybeans and buckwheat, as shown in FIG. 14, the reduction rate of the combustion amount of the combustion burner 7 is increased as shown in the control reference lines 56e and 56g of barley and wheat, and soy and buckwheat are reduced. The ratio is reduced as shown by the control reference line 56h.

  According to the above configuration, with respect to barley, beans less than wheat, and buckwheat with the progress of the drying operation, the reduction rate of the combustion amount of the combustion burner 7 is made smaller than these so that the hot air temperature near the end of drying is reduced. It can be properly dried and beans and soba can be dried properly.

2 Storage chamber 3 Drying chamber 7 Combustion burner 10 Exhaust fan 14 Hot air chamber 41 Grain type setting switch 43 Hot air temperature detection sensor 44 Outside air temperature detection sensor 53 Moisture meter 56 Control reference line S Controller

Claims (3)

Combustion burner (7) for generating hot air, hot air chamber (14) through which the hot air passes, exhaust air fan (10) for sucking hot air in the hot air chamber (14) and discharging it to the outside of the machine, and moisture of the grains In a grain dryer equipped with a moisture meter (53) for measuring the value and a control unit (S) for controlling the drying operation, the combustion amount of the combustion burner (7) as the measured moisture value decreases as the drying operation proceeds Is added to the control unit (S) to reduce the combustion rate of the combustion burner (7) with the progress of the drying operation as the amount of squeezing increases. A grain dryer characterized by. Combustion burner (7) for generating hot air, hot air chamber (14) through which the hot air passes, exhaust air fan (10) for sucking hot air in the hot air chamber (14) and discharging it to the outside of the machine, and moisture of the grains In the grain dryer having a moisture meter (53) for measuring the value and a control unit (S) for controlling the drying operation, a grain setting switch (41) for setting the type of dried grain is provided, and as the drying operation proceeds Control means for sequentially reducing the combustion amount of the combustion burner (7) as the measured moisture value decreases, and concurrently increasing the reduction rate of the combustion amount to be greater than that of wheat than the wheat. A grain dryer characterized by being added to S). According to claim 2, characterized in that by adding a control means for reducing by comparing the reduction ratio of the combustion amount of the combustion burner (7) on barley and wheat to the control unit (S) during the drying operation of the beans or buckwheat Grain dryer.

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