JP6390552B2 - Industrial vehicle speed reducer - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a reduction device for an industrial vehicle.

As a conventional speed reducer for an industrial vehicle, for example, a vehicle drive device disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known.
In the vehicle drive device disclosed in Patent Document 1, the rotation output of the motor is decelerated by the spur gear reducer and the planetary gear reducer, and the drive shaft is rotated by the reduced rotation output and transmitted to the wheel hub. The hub is driven to rotate. The spur gear reducer has a pinion spur gear connected to the motor shaft and a large spur gear meshed with the pinion spur gear. The pinion spur gear is connected to the motor shaft and transmits the rotation output of the motor to the large spur gear, and the large spur gear rotates in accordance with the rotation of the pinion spur gear.

  The planetary gear reducer has a sun gear, a planetary gear, and a planet carrier. The planetary gear reducer revolves the planetary gear using the rotation output of the sun gear, and uses the revolution output of the planetary gear as the rotation output of the planet carrier. The wheel hub is rotationally driven by the rotation of a drive shaft that transmits the rotation output of the planet carrier to the wheel hub, and rotates the wheel. Bearings are provided between the planet carrier and the vehicle drive device case, between the wheel hub and the vehicle drive device case, and around the shaft portion of the sun gear.

  In the vehicle drive device disclosed in Patent Document 1, the inside of the case of the vehicle drive device is used to lubricate sliding portions such as gears and bearings of the speed reducer disposed inside the case of the vehicle drive device. Is filled with lubricating oil. Oil reduces wear of each sliding portion in the vehicle drive device.

JP 2005-29117 A

  However, in the vehicle drive device disclosed in Patent Document 1, although wear of each sliding portion is reduced by oil, each sliding portion generates metal powder (for example, iron powder) due to wear or the like. There is a problem that the powder remains in the oil filled in the case.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a reduction device for an industrial vehicle that can easily remove metal powder remaining in oil filled in a case. .

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention comprises a speed reduction mechanism that reduces the rotation of an electric motor and transmits it to a drive shaft, and a speed reducer case having a storage space in which the speed reduction mechanism is stored, In a reduction device for an industrial vehicle in which lubricating oil is stored in a storage space, the level of the oil stored in the storage space can be checked through the reduction gear case and communicating with the storage space. An oil level check passage, and a plug that seals the oil level check passage from the outside of the speed reducer case. The oil level check passage includes a space-side opening that faces the housing space, and the space-side opening. A plug-side opening that is positioned below the plug and is sealed by the plug; and a passage body that extends downward from the space-side opening toward the plug-side opening. And wherein the door.

  According to the present invention, the metal powder remaining in the oil stored in the storage space easily enters and accumulates in the oil level check passage from the space side opening.

In the industrial vehicle deceleration device, the liquid level of the oil stored in the housing space may be set to an allowable liquid level by a lower end of the space-side opening of the oil level check passage. .
Here, the permissible liquid level of the speed reducer oil is a liquid level determined in the speed reducer as the amount of oil necessary for lubricating the speed reducer.
In this case, the liquid level of the oil stored in the accommodation space can be easily set to the allowable liquid level.

In the industrial vehicle speed reducing device, the plug may include a magnet.
In this case, if the metal powder is iron powder, the iron powder of the magnetic material that has entered the oil level check passage is attracted to the vicinity of the plug-side opening by the magnetic force of the plug, and is easily deposited near the plug-side opening.

In the industrial vehicle speed reducing device, the housing space may have a circular cross section, and the passage main body portion of the oil level check passage may extend linearly along a tangential direction of a peripheral edge of the housing space. good.
In this case, metal powder or the like remaining in the oil stored in the storage space is more likely to enter the oil level check passage along the tangential direction from the periphery of the storage space.

  According to this invention, the metal powder remaining in the oil filled in the case of the speed reducer for an industrial vehicle can be easily removed.

It is sectional drawing which shows the reduction device of the forklift which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the sectional view on the AA line of the motor side case in FIG. It is a principal part front view which shows the reduction device of the forklift which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, a reduction device for an industrial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
The industrial vehicle speed reduction device shown in FIG. 1 includes a speed reduction mechanism 10, and the industrial vehicle speed reduction device of this embodiment is applied to a battery-type forklift (hereinafter referred to as a forklift) that is an industrial vehicle.
In the following description, “front”, “rear”, “left”, “right”, “upper”, and “lower” are “front”, “rear”, “left”, “right” when the forklift driver faces the forward direction of the forklift. Corresponds to "up" and "down".

  As shown in FIG. 1, a forklift vehicle body 20 has a speed reducer case 21 having a storage space S having a circular cross section in which a speed reduction mechanism 10 that reduces the rotation of an electric motor 40 and transmits the speed to a drive shaft 29 is stored. Is provided. The speed reducer case 21 includes a motor side case 22 and a wheel side case 23. The wheel side case 23 has an insertion hole 36. The motor side case 22 has an insertion hole 35, which is recessed on the motor side in the cross section shown in FIG. The peripheral edge of the center hole portion 37 is substantially circular and constitutes a part of the peripheral edge of the accommodation space S. In FIG. 1, the top is the front and the bottom is the back. In FIG. 2, the right is the front and the left is the rear.

  An electric motor 40 that is operated by a battery (not shown) is fixed to the motor side case 22. In the casing 41 of the electric motor 40, a stator 42, a rotor 43, and the like are provided, and an output shaft 44 extends so as to protrude from the rotor 43. The output shaft 44 has a plurality of teeth on the outer peripheral surface, and is inserted into the insertion hole 35 of the motor side case 22 so as to be rotatable about the axis X. A base end portion of the output shaft 44 is pivotally supported by a bearing 24 provided in the motor side case 22. A motor-side seal member 33 that seals the insertion hole 35 of the motor-side case 22 is provided between the rotor 43 and the motor-side case 22. The motor side seal member 33 is an oil seal.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the speed reduction mechanism 10 includes a speed reduction gear 11 and a planetary gear mechanism 12. The reduction gear 11 is a first-stage reduction means, and the planetary gear mechanism 12 is a second-stage reduction means. The planetary gear mechanism 12 includes a sun gear 13, three planetary gears 14, an internal gear 15, and a carrier 16. The reduction gear 11, the sun gear 13, the planetary gear 14, and the internal gear 15 are made of iron.

  The reduction gear 11 is meshed with the output shaft 44 of the electric motor 40. The shaft end of the reduction gear 11 on the vehicle body side is pivotally supported by a bearing 25 provided between the reduction gear 11 and the motor side case 22. The reduction gear 11 is covered with a motor side case 22. The reduction gear 11 is provided with a sun gear 13 via a connecting portion 19. The sun gear 13 has a smaller diameter than the reduction gear 11. Three planetary gears 14 are provided on the outer periphery of the sun gear 13, and the sun gear 13 meshes with the three planetary gears 14. An internal gear 15 is provided on the outer periphery of the three planetary gears 14, and the internal gear 15 meshes with the planetary gears 14. The internal gear 15 is provided with a plurality of bolt holes 38, and the bolts 31 are inserted into the bolt holes 38 to fix the motor side case 22, the internal gear 15, and the wheel side case 23.

  Each planetary gear 14 is rotatably provided with respect to three carrier pins 17 protruding from the carrier 16 of the planetary gear mechanism 12. The three carrier pins 17 extend in parallel with the axis Y, and the distances from the axis Y are equal to each other, and are provided at equal intervals around the axis Y. A drive shaft 29 projects from the side of the carrier 16 opposite to the side from which the carrier pins 17 project. The axis Y of the reduction gear 11 is parallel to the axis X of the output shaft 44. The axis of the reduction gear 11 is common to the sun gear 13, the internal gear 15, the drive shaft 29, and the axis Y. The drive shaft 29 is provided with a bearing 26 that supports the wheel end of the sun gear 13 on the wheel side. Therefore, the reduction gear 11 and the sun gear 13 can rotate integrally with the motor-side case 22 and the carrier 16.

  A hub 30 for attaching the wheels 50 is fixed to the drive shaft 29. A part of the hub 30 and the carrier 16 are covered with the wheel side case 23, and the drive shaft 29 of the hub 30 and the planetary gear mechanism 12 is inserted into the insertion hole 36 of the wheel side case 23. A bearing 27 is provided between the hub 30 and the wheel side case 23. The bearing 27 is a self-aligning roller bearing, and the hub 30 rotates smoothly with respect to the wheel side case 23. Between the hub 30 and the wheel side case 23, a wheel side seal member 34 that seals the insertion hole 36 of the wheel side case 23 is provided. The wheel side seal member 34 is an oil seal.

  The inside of the reduction gear case 21 is hermetically sealed by the motor side seal member 33 and the wheel side seal member 34. In order to satisfactorily lubricate sliding parts such as the reduction gear 11, the sun gear 13, the planetary gear 14, the internal gear 15, the bearings 24 to 27, the drive shaft 29 and the output shaft 44 accommodated in the accommodation space S, the accommodation space S Is filled with lubricating oil and stored. When there is an oil level between the upper limit line L1 and the lower limit line L2 shown in FIG. 2, the amount of oil filled in the accommodation space S is an appropriate amount. Here, the allowable liquid level means a liquid level determined between the upper limit line L1 and the lower limit line L2. In the present embodiment, the liquid level at the upper limit line L1 is set as the allowable liquid level.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the motor side case 22 includes an oil injection passage 57, an oil discharge passage 58, and an oil level check passage 59 that penetrate the motor side case 22 and communicate with the accommodation space S. The oil injection passage 57, the oil discharge passage 58, and the oil level check passage 59 are oil passages that linearly extend outward from the central hole portion 37 of the motor side case 22 shown in FIG.

  The oil injection passage 57 is sealed from the outside of the speed reducer case 21 by a removable injection opening plug 66. The oil injection passage 57 is provided at an upper portion and a front portion of the motor-side case 22 and has an injection plug-side opening 63 that opens upward to the outside of the motor-side case 22 and an injection space that opens downward facing the accommodation space S. A side opening 69 and an injection passage main body 60 extending linearly from the injection space side opening 69 to the injection plug side opening 63 are provided. The injection plug side opening 63 is located above the injection space side opening 69. The injection plug side opening 63 is sealed by an injection opening plug 66 and can be opened and closed. The oil discharge passage 58 is sealed from the outside of the speed reducer case 21 by a detachable discharge opening plug 67. The oil discharge passage 58 is provided in the lower part of the motor-side case 22 and has a discharge plug-side opening 64 that opens downward to the outside of the motor-side case 22 and a discharge space-side opening that faces the storage space S and opens upward. 70 and a discharge passage main body 61 extending linearly from the discharge space side opening 70 to the discharge plug side opening 64. The discharge plug side opening 64 is positioned below the discharge space side opening 70. The discharge plug side opening 64 is sealed by a discharge opening plug 67 and can be opened and closed.

  The oil level check passage 59 is sealed from the outside of the speed reducer case 21 by a detachable level opening plug 68. The oil level check passage 59 is provided in front of the motor side case 22 and is provided between the oil injection passage 57 and the oil discharge passage 58. The oil level check passage 59 has a level plug-side opening 65 that opens downward to the outside of the motor-side case 22, a level space-side opening 71 that faces the accommodation space S and opens upward, and a level space-side opening 71. To the level plug side opening 65 is provided with a level passage main body 62 extending linearly. The level plug side opening 65 is located below the level space side opening 71.

  The oil level check passage 59 is provided so that the lower end 74 of the level space side opening 71 is positioned on the upper limit line L1. In other words, the lower end 74 of the level space side opening 71 has a function of setting the oil level stored in the accommodation space S to the upper limit line L1 that is the allowable liquid level. The level passage main body 62 of the oil level check passage 59 is linearly formed along the tangential direction M of the peripheral edge of the accommodation space S indicated by a one-dot chain line arrow in FIG. 2 that passes over the upper end 75 of the level space side opening 71. Extend. The level plug side opening 65 is sealed by a level opening plug 68 and can be opened and closed. The injection opening plug 66, the discharge opening plug 67, and the level opening plug 68 are oil passage plugs, which are magnet plugs having magnets.

  A mast device 51 is provided at the front of the forklift. As shown in FIG. 3, the mast device 51 includes a mast 52 and a lift bracket 53 that can be raised and lowered with respect to the mast 52. The level plug side opening 65 of the motor side case 22 opens forward in the front part of the reduction gear case 21 between the mast 52 and the wheel 50 when viewed from the front of the forklift, and passes through between the frames of the lift bracket 53. The level opening plug 68 is provided at a detachable position. Although the injection plug side opening 63 is not visible in FIG. 3, the injection plug side opening 63 is formed at a position that can be confirmed when the motor side case 22 is looked down from the front in front of the forklift. In FIG. 3, bolts 54 and 55 are provided above the level plug side opening 65. The bolts 54 and 55 are bolts for fixing a member for pivotally supporting the mast device 51 to the vehicle body 20 to the vehicle body 20.

The operation of the speed reduction mechanism 10 having the above configuration will be described below.
The electric motor 40 is driven by the battery, and the output shaft 44 of the electric motor 40 rotates. The rotational output of the output shaft 44 of the electric motor 40 is decelerated by the reduction gear 11 and further decelerated by the planetary gear mechanism 12, and then the drive shaft 29 is rotated to drive the wheels 50. When the speed reduction mechanism 10 is driven, sliding portions such as gears and bearings arranged in the speed reduction mechanism 10 may slide, and the sliding portions may be worn to generate iron powder. Iron powder remains in the oil filled in the accommodation space S.

  The lower part of each gear is immersed in oil. Below the oil level, the oil flows in the rotational direction N indicated by the arrow in FIG. Above the oil level, the oil is scraped or repelled in the rotational direction N from the liquid level to generate a flow in the rotational direction N, and is supplied to the upper part of each gear. A lot of oil flows in the rotational direction N between each gear and the motor side case 22. The rotation direction N shown in FIG. 2 is the rotation direction when the forklift moves forward. The oil flows not only between the periphery of each gear and the motor side case 22 but also to the vicinity of the wheel side seal member 34.

  A lot of iron powder remaining in the oil flows around the reduction gear 11 and the internal gear 15 in the accommodation space S together with the oil, and the specific gravity of the iron powder is larger than that of the oil. Move along. Since the level passage body 62 of the oil level check passage 59 extends along the tangential direction M of the peripheral edge of the storage space S, the iron powder flows along the tangential direction M from the peripheral edge of the storage space S together with the oil. It is easy to enter the oil level check passage 59 from the side opening 71. Since the iron powder that has entered the oil level check passage 59 has a larger specific gravity than oil, it accumulates in the vicinity of the level plug-side opening 65 under the oil level check passage 59 due to gravity. Since the iron powder is attracted to the vicinity of the level plug side opening 65 by the magnetic force of the level opening plug 68 in addition to the gravity, it is more likely to be deposited near the level plug side opening 65. As iron powder enters and accumulates in the oil level check passage 59, iron powder contained in the oil stored in the accommodation space S is removed from the accommodation space S.

  When the level opening plug 68 is removed and the level plug side opening 65 is opened, the oil and iron powder stored in the oil level check passage 59 are discharged to the outside of the speed reducer case 21.

  Further, when injecting oil, it is necessary to determine whether or not the oil level has reached the upper limit line L1. At that time, there is a method of injecting oil from the injection plug side opening 63 with the level opening plug 68 removed. When oil is injected and the liquid level reaches the upper limit line L1, the oil is discharged from the level space side opening 71 through the oil level check passage 59 to the outside of the speed reducer case 21 through the level plug side opening 65. By confirming this, it can be determined that the oil level has reached the upper limit line L1. Therefore, the oil level check passage 59 can check the level of the oil stored in the storage space S, and the level of the oil is set to the allowable level by the lower end 74 of the level space side opening 71. Can be done.

  Further, when iron powder remains in the oil, the oil is discharged from the discharge plug side opening 64 to the outside of the reduction gear case 21, and new oil is filled into the reduction gear case 21 from the injection plug side opening 63. It is necessary to change the oil.

  As described above, when removing the level opening plug 68 from the level plug side opening 65 and taking out iron powder from the level plug side opening 65 or confirming that oil is discharged, A level plug side opening 65 that opens between the mast 52 at the front portion of the speed reducer case 21 is used. In addition, the injection opening plug 66 of the injection plug side opening 63 opened at the front part of the reduction gear case 21 between the wheel 50 and the mast 52 is removed, and oil is injected from the injection plug side opening 63.

In the present embodiment, the following effects are obtained.
(1) In the oil level check passage 59, the level space side opening 71 faces the accommodation space S, and the level plug side opening 65 sealed from the outside of the speed reducer case 21 by the level opening plug 68 has the level space side. Located below the opening 71. Therefore, the iron powder remaining in the oil stored in the accommodation space S easily enters and accumulates in the oil level check passage 59 from the level space side opening 71. Further, the accumulated iron powder can be easily taken out from the level plug side opening 65.

(2) The oil level check passage 59 is provided so that the lower end 74 of the level space side opening 71 is positioned on the upper limit line L1. Therefore, the lower surface 74 of the level space side opening 71 can be used because the oil level is set to the allowable liquid level. Therefore, the liquid level of the oil stored in the storage space S can be easily set to the allowable liquid level.

(3) The level opening plug 68 that opens and closes the level plug side opening 65 is a magnet plug having a magnet. Therefore, the magnetic iron powder that has entered the oil level check passage 59 is attracted to the vicinity of the level plug side opening 65 by the magnetic force of the level opening plug 68 and is easily deposited near the level plug side opening 65.

(4) The level passage main body 62 of the oil level check passage 59 extends along the tangential direction M of the periphery of the accommodation space S having a circular cross section. Therefore, iron powder or the like remaining in the oil stored in the storage space S is more likely to enter the oil level check passage 59 along the tangential direction M from the periphery of the storage space S.

(5) The oil injection passage 57 opens at the front portion of the reduction gear case 21. Therefore, oil can be filled into the accommodation space S inside the reduction gear case 21 from the injection plug side opening 63 that opens between the wheel 50 and the mast 52 without removing the wheel 50.

(6) The oil level check passage 59 opens at the front portion of the reduction gear case 21. Therefore, the oil can be discharged to the outside of the speed reducer case 21 from the oil level check passage 59 opened between the wheel 50 and the mast 52 without removing the wheel 50.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the gist of the invention. For example, the following modifications may be made.

In the above embodiment, the oil level check passage 59 is provided so that the level passage body 62 is linear along the tangential direction M in the motor side case 22, but this is not restrictive. In the oil level check passage, the level space side opening may face the accommodation space S, and the level plug side opening may open to the outside of the speed reducer case 21.

In the above embodiment, the oil injection passage 57 is provided so as to open at the front portion of the motor side case 22, but this is not restrictive. The oil injection passage may be configured such that the injection space side opening portion faces the accommodation space S and the injection plug side opening portion opens to the outside of the reduction gear case 21.

In the above embodiment, the oil discharge passage 58 is provided in the motor side case 22, but this is not restrictive. The oil discharge passage may not be provided.

In the above embodiment, the level opening plug 68 is a magnet plug having a magnet, but this is not restrictive. The oil plug only needs to be able to seal and open and close the level plug side opening 65, and may not be a magnet plug.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Speed reduction mechanism 21 Reduction gear case 29 Drive shaft 40 Electric motor 57 Oil injection path 59 Oil level check path 62 Level path main body (path main body)
63 Injection plug side opening 65 Level plug side opening (plug side opening)
68 level opening plug (plug)
69 Injection space side opening 71 Level space side opening (space side opening)
74 Lower end M Tangent direction S Accommodating space

Claims (4)

A speed reduction mechanism that reduces the rotation of the electric motor and transmits it to the drive shaft;
A speed reducer case having an accommodation space in which the speed reduction mechanism is accommodated,
In a reduction device for an industrial vehicle in which lubricating oil is stored in the housing space,
An oil level check passage that passes through the reduction gear case and communicates with the accommodation space, and is capable of checking a liquid level of the oil stored in the accommodation space;
A plug for sealing the oil level check passage from the outside of the speed reducer case,
The oil level check passage includes a space-side opening facing the accommodation space, a plug-side opening positioned below the space-side opening and sealed by the plug, and the plug from the space-side opening. A speed reducer for an industrial vehicle, comprising a passage main body extending downward toward the side opening.   2. The industrial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the liquid level of the oil stored in the accommodation space is set to an allowable liquid level by a lower end of the space-side opening of the oil level check passage. Reducer.   The speed reducing device for an industrial vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plug includes a magnet.   The said accommodating space is circular in cross section, The said passage main-body part of the said oil level check channel | path extends linearly along the tangent direction of the periphery of the said accommodating space, The one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned. The reduction device for an industrial vehicle according to one item.

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