JP6382366B2 - Electromagnetic brake device and control method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to an electromagnetic brake device that brakes, for example, an elevator hoist and a control method thereof.

  For example, an elevator that transports passengers and luggage includes a hoisting machine that moves a hanging rod up and down by the power of a motor, and an electromagnetic brake device that brakes the hoisting machine as necessary.

  The electromagnetic brake device consists of a brake disc fixed to the rotating shaft of the hoisting machine to be braked, an armature that is slidable on the rotating shaft, a spring that presses the armature against the brake disc, and the above-mentioned armature is the biasing force of the spring The electromagnetic coil is separated from the brake disk against the above, and the electromagnetic coil is de-energized when braking, and the electromagnetic coil is energized when releasing the braking.

  When the electromagnetic coil is de-energized, there is no magnetic attraction from the electromagnetic coil to the armature, and the armature receiving the biasing force of the spring hits the brake disc and makes sliding contact. Thereby, rotation of a winding machine is stopped.

  When the electromagnetic coil is energized, a magnetic attraction from the electromagnetic coil to the armature works, and the armature moves away from the brake disk against the biasing force of the spring. Thereby, the restraint is released and the hoisting machine is allowed to rotate.

JP 2008-168981 A

  In the electromagnetic brake device, the armature is worn with the contact between the armature and the brake disc, and metal fine powder generated by the wear is scattered around the armature. The scattered metal powder enters the sliding portion between the armature and the rotating shaft and becomes resistance, and the movement of the armature gradually deteriorates. If the electromagnetic brake device continues to be used as it is, there is a possibility that the braking force is reduced or that the armature does not move.

  In the event of a failure that causes the armature to stop moving, a maintenance / inspection worker who receives a request for repair visits the elevator installation site and repairs are performed by the worker. The worker first stops the operation of the elevator, inspects the entire elevator, and starts repairing when a failure is found. For this reason, it takes a lot of labor and time for repair. Since the operation of the elevator is stopped for a long time, the user is greatly inconvenienced.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic brake device and a control method therefor that can notify an abnormality in armature movement before failure occurs.

The electromagnetic brake device according to the embodiment includes a brake disk fixed to a rotating shaft of an elevator hoisting machine to be braked, an armature that is slidable along the axial direction on the rotating shaft, and the armature as described above. A spring that slides against the brake disc and presses against the brake disc, an electromagnetic coil that pulls the armature away from the brake disc against the biasing force of the spring, and the electromagnetic coil is de-energized when braking And a controller for energizing the electromagnetic coil when releasing the braking. When the electromagnetic coil is energized, the control unit integrates the difference between the value of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil and a predetermined theoretical value, and the armature moves when the integrated value is equal to or greater than a predetermined set value. Judged as abnormal with stepped catches .

The figure which shows the armature of one Embodiment, and the structure of the periphery of it as a cross section, and shows the structure of an electric system as a functional block. The figure which shows the state which the armature of the embodiment moves smoothly by 1 step | paragraph. The figure which shows the waveform of the exciting current in case an armature moves like FIG. The figure which shows the state which the armature of the embodiment moves in steps by two steps. The figure which shows the motion of the amateur following FIG. The figure which shows the waveform of the exciting current in case an armature moves like FIG.4 and FIG.5. The figure which shows the state which the armature of the embodiment moves in steps by three steps. The figure which shows the movement of the amateur following FIG. The figure which shows the motion of the amateur following FIG. The figure which shows the waveform of the exciting current in case an armature moves like FIGS. The flowchart for demonstrating control of the control part in the embodiment.

An embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a brake disk 2 and an armature 3 are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of a rotating shaft (also referred to as a drive shaft) 1 of an elevator hoisting machine that is a control target. Yes. The hoisting machine uses a motor as a power source, and moves a hanging rod on which passengers and luggage are moved up and down by rotation of the rotary shaft 1.

  The center of the brake disc 2 is fixed to the rotary shaft 1, and rotates along with the rotation of the rotary shaft 1. The armature 3 is formed of a disk-like magnetic body having a diameter larger than that of the brake disk 2 and has an insertion hole 3a through which the rotating shaft 1 passes in the center, and an insertion hole 3b through which a fixing bolt 5 described later passes. At multiple locations.

  The diameter of the insertion hole 3 a is slightly larger than the diameter of the rotating shaft 1, and the diameter of each insertion hole 3 b is also slightly larger than the diameter of the fixing bolt 5. Therefore, the armature 3 can slide along the axial direction on the rotating shaft 1 without being affected by the rotation of the rotating shaft 1, and the sliding and sliding of the armature 3 with respect to the brake disk 2 can be freely performed. It is.

  A disk receiving plate (also referred to as a side plate) 4 is disposed on the rotating shaft 1 at a position facing the armature 3 with the brake disk 2 interposed therebetween. The disk receiving plate 4 is formed in a disk shape having substantially the same diameter as that of the armature 3, has an insertion hole 4 a through which the rotation shaft 1 passes, and has insertion holes 4 b through which the fixing bolts 5 pass at a plurality of peripheral portions. Have. The diameter of the insertion hole 4 a is slightly larger than the diameter of the rotating shaft 1, and the diameter of each insertion hole 4 b is substantially the same as the diameter of the fixing bolt 5. Since the diameter of the insertion hole 4 a is slightly larger than the diameter of the rotary shaft 1, the contact between the rotary shaft 1 and the disk receiving plate 4 does not occur.

  Fixing bolts 5 are respectively inserted into the respective insertion holes 4a of the disk receiving plate 4 and the respective insertion holes 3a of the armature 3, and the tips of these fixing bolts 5 are a core (also referred to as a coil case) 10 and the mounting of the core 10 The substrate 6 is screwed and fixed. By this screwing and fixing, the disk receiving plate 4 and the armature 3 are fixed to the core 10 and the mounting substrate 6. A predetermined gap for allowing the armature 3 to slide is secured between the brake disk 2 and the core 10.

  The core 10 is formed of a disk-like magnetic body having substantially the same diameter as that of the armature 3 and has a concave portion 10a that rotatably receives the tip of the rotating shaft 1 at the center. The core 10 has an annular coil housing hole 10b at a position surrounding the recess 10a on the surface facing the armature 3, and a plurality of spring housing holes 10c at a position surrounding the coil housing hole 10b. .

  An electromagnetic coil 11 wound in an annular shape is embedded in the coil housing hole 10b. The springs 12 are accommodated in the respective spring accommodation holes 10 c, and the distal ends of the springs 12 protrude from the spring accommodation holes 10 c and are fixed to one surface of the armature 3. Each spring 12 generates a biasing force in a direction in which the armature 3 is slid toward the brake disk 2 and pressed against the brake disk 2.

  The electromagnetic coil 11 generates a magnetic field for separating the armature 3 from the brake disk 2 against the biasing force of each spring 12, and is electrically connected to the drive unit 20 via an energizing wire 21. . The drive unit 20 outputs an excitation current (DC current) for energizing the electromagnetic coil 11. When the exciting current is output, a magnetic field is generated from the electromagnetic coil 11 and the core 10 becomes an electromagnet, and the magnetic attraction action acts on the armature 3. As a result, the armature 3 moves away from the brake disk 2 against the biasing force of each spring 12.

  A current detector 22 for exciting current detection is arranged on the electric wire 21, and a detection result of the current detector 22 is supplied to the control unit 30. The drive unit 20, the storage unit 31, and the alarm device 32 are connected to the control unit 30.

  The control part 30 controls the drive part 20 and the alerting | reporting device 32, and has the following means (1)-(6) as main functions.

  (1) When applying braking to the rotating shaft 1, the driving of the driving unit 20 is stopped to deactivate the electromagnetic coil 11, and when releasing braking to the rotating shaft 1, the driving unit 20 is driven to release the electromagnetic coil 11. Control means for energizing.

  (2) Measuring means for measuring the exciting current flowing through the electromagnetic coil 11 via the current detector 22 when the electromagnetic coil 11 is energized by the control means.

  (3) Detection means for detecting a difference (referred to as residual) between the value of the excitation current measured by the measurement means and a predetermined theoretical value. The theoretical value is that the energization of the electromagnetic coil 11 is repeated at the time of shipment testing and periodic inspection of the elevator on which the electromagnetic brake device is mounted, and the excitation current flowing through the electromagnetic coil 11 is measured for each energization. It is a value obtained by averaging these measured values, and changes with time as shown by a broken line in FIG. This theoretical value is stored in the storage unit 31.

  (4) Integration means for integrating the residuals detected by the detection means.

  (5) A determining unit that determines that the movement of the armature 3 is abnormal when the integrated value of the integrating unit is equal to or greater than a predetermined set value. The set value is stored in the storage unit 31 in advance.

  (6) Notification means for notifying the abnormality by the operation of the notification device 32 when the determination means determines abnormality. The alarm device 32 is a communication unit connected to a maintenance / inspection management center via a communication line or network, an electronic buzzer that emits sound, a lamp or light emitting diode that emits light, a display that displays alert information in characters or images, and the like. .

  Brake disk 2, armature 3, disk backing plate 4, fixing bolt 5, mounting board 6, core 10, electromagnetic coil 11, each spring 12, drive unit 20, electric wire 21, current detector 22, control unit 30, memory The electromagnetic brake device that brakes the rotating shaft 1 of the hoisting machine is configured by the unit 31, the alarm 32, and the like. This electromagnetic brake device is mounted on the elevator together with the hoisting machine.

Next, the operation of the electromagnetic brake device will be described.
When braking the rotating shaft 1, the control unit 30 interrupts the energization of the electromagnetic coil 11 and deactivates the electromagnetic coil 11.

  When the electromagnetic coil 11 is de-energized, the magnetic attraction from the core 10 to the armature 3 is lost. Accordingly, due to the biasing force of the plurality of springs 12, the armature 3 abuts against the outer edge portion of one surface of the brake disk 2 as shown in FIG. Thereby, rotation of the rotating shaft 1 is stopped.

  At the time of braking, the brake disk 2 is sandwiched between the armature 3 and the disk receiving plate 4. The braking force increases due to the sandwiching from both sides.

  When releasing the braking, the control unit 30 supplies an exciting current to the electromagnetic coil 11 to energize the electromagnetic coil 11.

  When the electromagnetic coil 11 is energized, a magnetic attraction action works from the core 10 to the armature 3. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 2, the armature 3 is pulled away from the brake disk 2 against the biasing force of each spring 12, and one surface of the armature 3 comes into surface contact with the core 10. Thereby, the said restraint is cancelled | released and rotation of the rotating shaft 1 is accept | permitted.

  When the armature 3 comes into sliding contact with the brake disk 2, the armature 3 is gradually worn, and metal fine powder generated by the wear is scattered around the armature 3. The scattered metal powder enters between the insertion hole 3a, which is a sliding portion between the armature 3 and the rotating shaft 1, and the peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 1 to become a sliding resistance, which gradually deteriorates the movement of the armature 3. End up. If the electromagnetic brake device continues to be used as it is, there is a possibility that the braking force is reduced or that the armature 3 does not move.

[One-stage withdrawal of amateur 3]
Immediately after the electromagnetic brake device is cleaned by the initial use or periodic inspection of the electromagnetic brake device, there is little metal powder, so the sliding resistance between the armature 3 and the rotary shaft 1 is small. When the sliding resistance is small, when the electromagnetic coil 11 is energized, the armature 3 moves smoothly without being caught from the state shown in FIG. 1 to the state shown in FIG. Surface contact.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the exciting current flowing through the electromagnetic coil 11 rises from zero at the start of energization, and when the armature 3 starts to move due to a magnetic attraction action, the magnetic current of the core 10 and the armature 3 is increased. As the impedance changes, it changes in the descending direction, and when one surface of the armature 3 comes into surface contact with the core 10, the magnetic impedance recovers, so that it changes from descending to rising, and the amount of increase gradually decreases from there. And become flat.

  When the sliding resistance between the armature 3 and the rotating shaft 1 increases, a delay occurs in the increase of the excitation current. This excitation current delay appears as a deviation from the theoretical value, as shown in FIG. When the armature 3 moves smoothly by one step without being caught, the amount of deviation between the measured value and the theoretical value of the exciting current is small.

[Two-stage armature 3]
When the sliding resistance between the armature 3 and the rotary shaft 1 increases, when the electromagnetic coil 11 is energized, the armature 3 moves away from the brake disk 2 while being inclined with respect to the rotary shaft 1 as shown in FIG. Only the upper part of one side of 3 abuts on the core 10 first. Following this contact, as shown in FIG. 5, the entire one surface of the armature 3 comes into surface contact with the core 10. That is, the armature 3 is sucked into the core 10 in a so-called two-stage pulling state with a stepwise catch.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the exciting current flowing in the electromagnetic coil 11 rises from zero at the start of energization, and when the armature 3 starts to move due to a magnetic attraction action, the magnetic current of the core 10 and the armature 3 is increased. As the impedance changes, it changes in the descending direction, and when the upper part of one surface of the armature 3 abuts against the core 10, the magnetic impedance recovers, so that it changes from descending to rising. Thereafter, the exciting current changes again in the downward direction due to the change in the magnetic impedance accompanying the further movement of the armature 3, and the magnetic impedance is restored when the entire one surface of the armature 3 comes into surface contact with the core 10. As a result, the descent changes from rising to rising, and then the rising amount gradually decreases and becomes flat.

  Thus, the excitation current when the armature 3 is attracted to the core 10 in the two-stage pulling state is theoretically greater than the excitation current when the armature 3 is attracted smoothly to the core 10 in the one-step pulling state. The amount of deviation from the value increases.

[3 steps of armature 3]
When the sliding resistance between the armature 3 and the rotary shaft 1 further increases, the armature 3 is attracted to the core 10 in a so-called three-stage pulling state as shown in FIGS. become.

  First, as shown in FIG. 7, the armature 3 is separated from the brake disc 2 while being inclined with respect to the rotating shaft 1. If the inclination at this time is large, before the armature 3 reaches the core 10, a part of each insertion hole 3 b of the armature 3, for example, the opening edge of the upper insertion hole 3 b hits the peripheral surface of the fixing bolt 5 and is caught. Next, a movement with the hooked portion as a fulcrum occurs in the armature 3, and only the lower part of one surface of the armature 3 comes into contact with the core 10 first. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 9, the entire one surface of the armature 3 comes into surface contact with the core 10.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the exciting current flowing through the electromagnetic coil 11 rises from zero at the start of energization, and when the armature 3 starts to move due to a magnetic attraction action, the magnetic force of the core 10 and the armature 3 is increased. When the impedance changes, it changes in the descending direction, and when the opening edge of the insertion hole 3b hits the peripheral surface of the fixing bolt 5, the magnetic impedance is restored, so that the descent changes from rising to rising. Thereafter, the exciting current changes again in the downward direction due to a change in magnetic impedance accompanying further movement of the armature 3, and the magnetic impedance is restored when the lower part of one surface of the armature 3 abuts against the core 10. It turns from descending to rising. The exciting current changes again in the downward direction due to the change in the magnetic impedance due to the movement of the armature 3, and the magnetic impedance is restored when the entire one surface of the armature 3 comes into surface contact with the core 10. As a result, the descent changes from rising to rising, and then the rising amount gradually decreases and becomes flat.

  Thus, the excitation current when the armature 3 is attracted to the core 10 in a three-stage pulling state is more theoretical than the excitation current when the armature 3 is attracted smoothly to the core 10 in a two-step pulling state. The amount of deviation from the value increases.

[Control of the control unit 30]
The control of the control unit 30 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
When the electromagnetic coil 11 is energized (YES in step S1), the control unit 30 measures the excitation current flowing through the electromagnetic coil 11 via the current detector 22 (step S2), and the measured excitation current value and theoretical value. Are sequentially detected at a fine cycle indicated by vertical thin lines in FIG. 3, FIG. 6 and FIG. 10 (step S3). And the control part 30 integrates the detected residual (step S4), and repeats the same process from said step S1 while continuing energizing of the electromagnetic coil 11 (NO of step S5).

  When the electromagnetic coil 11 is de-energized (YES in step S5), the control unit 30 compares the integrated value of the residual with the set value (step S6).

  When the armature 3 moves smoothly in a one-step state as shown in FIG. 2, the deviation amount between the measured value and the theoretical value of the excitation current is small as shown in FIG. Not reach.

  If the integrated value of the residual is less than the set value (NO in step S6), the control unit 30 returns to step S1 and prepares for the next energization based on the determination that there is no abnormality. Then, at the time of the next energization (YES in step S1), the control unit 30 starts from the beginning with the residual detection in step S3 and the integration in step S4 each initialized to zero.

  When the armature 3 moves stepwise in a two-step state as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the deviation amount between the actual value and the theoretical value of the excitation current increases as shown in FIG. Exceeds the set value. Even when the armature 3 moves stepwise in the three-stage state as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the deviation between the measured value and the theoretical value of the excitation current becomes large as shown in FIG. The integrated value is greater than or equal to the set value.

  When the integrated value of the residual is greater than or equal to the set value (YES in step S6), the control unit 30 determines that the movement of the armature 3 is abnormal (step S7). And the control part 30 alert | reports that the motion of the armature 3 is abnormal by the alerting | reporting device 32 (step S8). This notification is transmitted to maintenance and inspection workers.

  As described above, the residual of the actual value of the exciting current and the theoretical value are sequentially detected and integrated, and the abnormality of the movement of the armature 3 is determined by comparing the integrated value with the set value. Before the braking force of the device is reduced and before the failure that causes the armature 3 to stop moving, it is possible to notify the outside of the electromagnetic brake device that the motion of the armature 3 is abnormal with a stepped catch.

  The maintenance / inspection worker who received the notification recognizes that the movement of the armature 3 is an anomaly with a step-by-step catch, visits the installation site of the elevator equipped with the electromagnetic brake device, and operates the elevator. Stop and perform maintenance and repair to improve the movement of the armature 3. In this case, since the worker recognizes that the movement of the armature 3 is stepped, appropriate maintenance such as removing metal powder adhering to the sliding portion between the armature 3 and the rotary shaft 1 is performed. And repair can be started immediately. Therefore, labor and time required for maintenance and repair can be reduced. Since it is not necessary to stop the operation of the elevator for a long time, there is no great inconvenience to the user.

[Modification]
In the above-described embodiment, the electromagnetic brake device that brakes the elevator hoisting machine has been described as an example. However, the braking target is not limited, and the electromagnetic brake device that brakes equipment other than the elevator can be similarly implemented.

  In the above embodiment, the abnormality of the movement of the armature 3 is determined by comparing the accumulated residual value with one set value. However, a plurality of set values whose values are different from each other with respect to the accumulated residual value. A configuration may be prepared in which the abnormality of the movement of the armature 3 is determined by dividing the abnormality of the armature 3 into an abnormality of the two-stage drawing and an abnormality of the three-stage drawing or more by comparing the integrated value of the residual and the plurality of set values. .

  In addition, each said embodiment is shown as an example and is not intending limiting the range of invention. The novel embodiment can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. This embodiment and its modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Rotary shaft, 2 ... Brake disc, 3 ... Armature, 4 ... Disc receiving plate, 5 ... Fixing bolt, 6 ... Mounting board, 10 ... Core, 10a ... Insertion hole, 10b ... Coil accommodation hole, 10c ... Spring accommodation Hole: 11 ... Electromagnetic coil, 12 ... Spring, 20 ... Drive part, 21 ... Electric wire, 22 ... Current detector, 30 ... Control part, 31 ... Storage part, 32 ... Alarm

Claims (4)

A brake disc fixed to the rotating shaft of the elevator hoisting machine to be braked,
An armature that is slidable along the axial direction of the rotating shaft;
A spring that slides the armature toward the brake disc and presses it against the brake disc;
An electromagnetic coil for pulling the armature away from the brake disc against the biasing force of the spring;
A controller that deenergizes the electromagnetic coil when applying braking, and energizes the electromagnetic coil when releasing braking; and
With
When the electromagnetic coil is energized, the control unit integrates the difference between the value of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil and a predetermined theoretical value, and when the integrated value is equal to or greater than a predetermined set value, the movement of the armature Is determined to be an anomaly with staged catches ,
An electromagnetic brake device. When the control unit determines the abnormality, the control unit notifies the abnormality,
The electromagnetic brake device according to claim 1. A plate that is provided at a position facing the armature with the brake disc interposed therebetween, and sandwiches the brake disc with the armature when the armature is pressed against the brake disc by the biasing force of the spring;
The electromagnetic brake device according to claim 1, further comprising: A brake disc fixed to the rotating shaft of the elevator hoisting machine to be braked,
An armature that is slidable along the axial direction of the rotating shaft;
A spring that slides the armature toward the brake disc and presses it against the brake disc;
An electromagnetic coil for pulling the armature away from the brake disc against the biasing force of the spring;
Comprising: deactivating the electromagnetic coil when applying a brake, and energizing the electromagnetic coil when releasing the brake,
When energizing the electromagnetic coil, the difference between the value of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil and a predetermined theoretical value is integrated,
When the accumulated value is equal to or greater than a predetermined set value, it is determined that the movement of the armature is abnormal with stepwise catching ,
A method for controlling an electromagnetic brake device.

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