JP6379491B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool for machining a workpiece.

  The machine tool includes a main shaft on which a tool is mounted at a lower end portion and a holding device that holds a workpiece and is disposed below the main shaft, with the vertical direction (vertical direction) being an axial direction. The workpiece is machined by the tool mounted on the spindle. Conventionally, a machine tool including a rotary table that supports a holding device and rotates around a vertical axis has been proposed. The holding device can rotate around the horizontal axis with the horizontal direction as the axial direction (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  Due to the rotation of the rotary table, the holding device moves between an approach position approaching the main shaft and a separation position separated from the main shaft. When the holding device is in the approach position, the workpiece is processed. When the holding device is in the separation position, the operator can change the workpiece.

  Depending on the operator, after moving the workpiece, before moving the holding device from the approaching position to the separation position, the operator can rotate the holding device around the horizontal axis to tilt the workpiece to facilitate replacement. The holding of the workpiece may be released.

  When the holding device is rotated around the horizontal axis, the workpiece is tilted toward the operator when the holding device moves to the separation position. Therefore, the operator can easily remove the workpiece from the holding device. When the holding of the workpiece is released, the operator can easily change the workpiece when the holding device moves to the separation position.

JP 2012-206178 A

  However, before moving the holding device from the approach position to the separation position, if the holding device is rotated around the horizontal axis or the workpiece is released, the work from the start of workpiece processing until the holding device is positioned at the separation position. There is a problem that the cycle time becomes long.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a machine tool that can rotate a holding device around a horizontal axis or release a workpiece without increasing the cycle time. Objective.

  A machine tool according to the present invention, a main shaft that holds a tool, a holding device that is disposed below the main shaft, holds a workpiece, and can rotate about a horizontal axis, and supports the holding device, A rotating table that rotates about a vertical axis, and the holding device moves between an approaching position approaching the main shaft and a separating position spaced from the main shaft by the rotation of the rotating table. The holding device is positioned at a first predetermined position around a predetermined horizontal axis during the movement of the holding device from the approach position to the separation position, or the holding of the workpiece by the holding device is released. It is characterized by that.

  In the present invention, while the holding device is moving from the approach position to the separated position, the holding device is positioned at a first predetermined position around a predetermined horizontal axis, or the holding of the workpiece by the holding device is released.

  In the machine tool according to the present invention, during the movement of the holding device from the separated position to the approaching position, the holding device is positioned at a second predetermined position around a predetermined horizontal axis, or the workpiece is placed on the holding device. It is characterized in that it is held.

  In the present invention, while the holding device is moving from the separation position to the approaching position, the holding device is positioned at a second predetermined position around a predetermined horizontal axis, or the work is held by the holding device. The cycle time can be shortened by positioning or holding the workpiece before processing.

  The machine tool according to the present invention sequentially reads an input unit that inputs a rotation command of the rotary table, a storage unit that stores a plurality of instructions for machining a workpiece, and a plurality of instructions stored in the storage unit, A control device that controls the drive of the spindle and the holding device, the control device reads a command indicating the end of machining and positioning the workpiece at the first predetermined position, and the rotation command is input to the input unit When the holding device is moving from the approach position to the separated position, the holding device is rotated to be positioned at the first predetermined position.

  In the present invention, when a rotation command for the rotary table is input and a command to indicate the end of machining and to position the workpiece at a predetermined position is read, the holding device is rotated to be positioned at the predetermined position. Accordingly, an operation of positioning the holding device at the first predetermined position while the holding device is moving from the approach position to the separated position is realized.

  In the present invention, while the holding device is moving from the approach position to the separated position, the holding device is positioned at a first predetermined position around a predetermined horizontal axis or the holding of the workpiece by the holding device is released. To do. Therefore, the cycle time does not become long. By positioning the holding device at the first predetermined position, when the holding device is positioned at the separation position, the work held by the holding device is inclined toward the operator.

1 is a perspective view schematically showing a machine tool according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing a configuration near a control device. It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of a 1st process program or a 2nd process program. It is a flowchart explaining the reading process of a 1st process program. It is a flowchart explaining the process performed during rotation of a turntable in a 1st process program. It is a flowchart which shows the modification which controls simultaneously with rotation of a rotary table also about the A-axis motor of the 2nd workpiece holding apparatus which moves to the back side from the front side.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on the drawings showing a machine tool according to an embodiment. In the following description, up and down, left and right, and front and rear indicated by arrows in the figure are used. FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a machine tool. In FIG. 1, the illustration of a tool magazine that houses a replacement tool is omitted.

  The machine tool according to the present embodiment performs a desired machining (for example, slicing, drilling, cutting, etc.) on a workpiece by relatively moving a workpiece (not shown) to be processed and a tool. The machine tool includes a base 1 made of metal, and leg portions 1a are provided at the four corners of the lower portion of the base 1, and the four leg portions 1a are installed on a floor surface or the like so that the machine tool is predetermined. Installed in place.

  A columnar column 2 is erected on the base 1, and a spindle head 4 is provided so as to be movable up and down along the front surface of the column 2. The spindle head 4 is provided with a later-described spindle 5 to which a machining tool is attached, and a tool exchange mechanism 7 for exchanging the tool attached to the spindle 5 with another tool. Although not shown in FIG. 1, a Z-axis feed motor 81 (see FIG. 2) is provided at the top of the column 2, and the spindle head 4 can be moved up and down by the rotation of the Z-axis feed motor 81. .

  A spindle 5 is rotatably mounted on the spindle head 4, and a spindle motor 6 for rotating the spindle 5 is provided at the top. A tool is detachably attached to the lower end of the main shaft 5, and the main shaft 5 is rotationally driven by the main shaft motor 6, whereby the tool rotates and the workpiece fixed to the rotary table 8 is processed. The spindle 5 moves between the upper exchange position and the lower machining position by the vertical movement of the spindle head 4.

  Further, on the base 1, a rotary table 8 is disposed below the spindle head 4 so that the work can be detachably fixed. The rotary table 8 is rotated around a vertical axis (vertical axis) by a table motor 84 (see FIG. 2) which is a servo motor. The rotary table 8 is provided with a first work holding device 11 and a second work holding device 12 (holding device) for holding a work in front and rear. In FIG. 1, the first work holding device 11 is located at the rear part (approaching position) of the rotary table 8, and the second work holding device 12 is located at the front part (separated position) of the rotary table 8.

  The first workpiece holding device 11 includes an A-axis motor 11a, a support portion 11b, a rotation support base 11c, and a clamp portion 11d. The A-axis motor 11a and the support portion 11b are spaced apart from each other on the left and right. The rotation support 11c has a long plate shape on the left and right. The left and right end portions of the rotation support base 11c are supported by an A-axis motor 11a and a support portion 11b so as to be rotatable around the A axis (axis with the left-right direction as an axial direction). The clamp part 11d fixes a workpiece | work with the compressed air sent out from a compressor (not shown). The clamp part 11d is provided on the upper surface of the rotation support base 11c. The clamp portion 11d fixes the workpiece manually or automatically and releases the workpiece.

  The second work holding device 12 includes an A-axis motor 12a, a support portion 12b, a rotation support base 12c, and a clamp portion 12d. The A-axis motor 12a and the support portion 12b are spaced apart from each other on the left and right. The rotation support 12c has a long plate shape on the left and right. The left and right end portions of the rotation support base 12c are supported by an A-axis motor 12a and a support portion 12b so as to be rotatable about the A axis (axis with the left-right direction as an axial direction). The clamp part 12d fixes a workpiece | work with the compressed air sent out from a compressor (not shown). The clamp part 12d is provided on the upper surface of the rotation support base 12c. The clamp portion 12d fixes the workpiece manually or automatically, and releases the workpiece.

  The column 2 is controlled to move in the X-axis direction (left-right direction) and the Y-axis direction (front-back direction) by an X motor 82 and a Y motor 83 (see FIG. 2) that are servomotors. A control device 60 is provided on the back side of the column 2.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration around the control device 60. The control device 60 includes a CPU 61, a ROM 62, a RAM 63, a nonvolatile memory 64 (storage unit), an input interface 65, an output interface 66, and the like.

  The CPU 61 reads the control program stored in the ROM 62 into the RAM 63 and executes it, thereby performing workpiece machining processing and the like. The ROM 62 is a non-volatile memory element such as a mask ROM or EEPROM, and stores a control program executed by the CPU 61 and various data necessary for processing. The RAM 63 is a memory element such as SRAM (Static RAM) or DRAM (Dynamic RAM), and temporarily stores a control program read from the ROM 62 and various data generated in the process. The non-volatile memory 64 is a non-volatile memory element that can rewrite data, and stores various data necessary for processing.

  An input device 71 (input unit) is connected to the input interface 65. The input device 71 uses a keyboard, a touch panel, or the like, and accepts an operator's operation. A signal is input from the input device 71 to the input interface 65.

  A plurality of solenoid valves 90, a Z-axis feed motor 81, a main shaft motor 6, an X motor 82, a Y motor 83, A-axis motors 11 a and 12 a, and a table motor 84 are connected to the output interface 66.

  The plurality of solenoid valves 90 are provided in a ventilation path (not shown) connected to the compressor. Compressed air is supplied to the necessary part of the machine tool through the air passage. The supplied air is discharged as necessary. Supply or discharge of compressed air is performed by opening and closing the plurality of solenoid valves 90. The clamp portions 11d and 12d hold the workpiece or release the workpiece by opening and closing the electromagnetic valve 90.

  The Z-axis feed motor 81 is a motor for vertically moving the spindle head 4 with respect to the column 2 in the vertical direction. The main shaft motor 6 is for rotating the main shaft 5, and can thereby process a workpiece using a tool (not shown) mounted on the main shaft 5. The X motor 82 and the Y motor 83 are motors for moving the column 2 in the X direction and the Y direction.

  The A-axis motor 11a is a motor for rotating the rotation support base 11c around the A axis. The A-axis motor 12a is a motor for rotating the rotation support base 12c around the A-axis. The table motor 84 is a motor for rotating the rotary table 8 around the vertical axis.

  When the operator operates the input device 71 and inputs a rotation command for the turntable 8, the rotation command is stored in the nonvolatile memory 64. The CPU 61 refers to the rotation command stored in the nonvolatile memory 64 and outputs a drive command to the table motor 84. The rotary table 8 rotates 180 degrees.

  The first machining program for machining the workpiece held by the first workpiece holding device 11 and the second machining program for machining the workpiece held by the second workpiece holding device 12 are stored in the nonvolatile memory 64. It is. The first machining program and the second machining program are NC programs, and G codes, M codes, and the like are used. The first machining program and the second machining program are independent of each other.

  FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the first machining program or the second machining program. The first machining program or the second machining program is created in advance by the user according to the machining content of the workpiece and is stored in advance in the nonvolatile memory 64. The CPU 61 reads the first machining program or the second machining program one line at a time, and processes the commands described in each line in order. Hereinafter, the first machining program and the second machining program are also simply referred to as machining programs.

  The CPU 61 executes a machining program for the workpiece located at the rear portion (approach position) of the rotary table 8. For example, when the first work holding device 11 is located at the rear part of the turntable 8, the CPU 61 executes the first machining program. When the execution of the first machining program is finished, the CPU 61 executes the second machining program. Then, when the execution of the second machining program is finished, the CPU 61 executes the first machining program again. The CPU 61 repeats this.

  G100 described in the N1th line of the machining program shown in FIG. 3 indicates a tool change command, T1 indicates that the identification number of the next tool to be mounted on the spindle 5 is No. 1, and Z200 indicates after tool change. It shows that the standby position in the Z-axis direction is 200. In the N1 line, a rotation command M3 for the spindle 5 is described following the tool change command, and S10000 designates 10,000 rotations / minute as the rotation speed of the spindle 5. The tool change command and the spindle rotation command may not be described on the same line in the machining program but may be described on different lines.

  M40 described in the Na line indicates a positioning command for the first work holding device 11 or the second work holding device 12, and A30 is 30 degrees as an angle (position) around the A axis of the rotation support bases 11c and 12c. Is specified.

  G1 described in the Nb line is a cutting movement command for the main shaft 5, and Z198 indicates that the machining position in the Z-axis direction is 198. By this command, the spindle 5 that has been waiting at the position 200 in the Z-axis direction according to the command in the N1th line is lowered to the position 198 in the Z-axis direction, and the workpiece is processed by the tool 6 attached to the spindle 5. .

M30 written in the Nc line is an instruction indicating the end of the program. X of AX (first predetermined position) is a parameter, and X degrees is designated as an angle (position) around the A axis of the rotation support bases 11c and 12c. X is preset in a register of the nonvolatile memory 64, and the operator operates the input device 71 to set a value in X.
The machining program is not limited to the program shown in FIG.

  The CPU 61 reads the first machining program or the second machining program in advance before executing the machining of the workpiece, and when the parameter X exists, sets the value set in the register to X. In the following description, the case where the first machining program is executed will be described, but the same applies to the case where the second machining program is executed.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the reading process of the first machining program. The CPU 61 reads the entire first machining program with reference to the nonvolatile memory 64 (step S1). The CPU 61 determines whether or not the parameter X exists in the read machining program (step S2). When the parameter X does not exist (step S2: NO), the CPU 61 ends the process.

  When the parameter X exists (step S2: YES), the CPU 61 refers to the register (step S3), and sets the value set in the register to the parameter X (step S4).

  The CPU 61 sequentially executes the machining program line by line. When the machining of the workpiece is completed, the rotary table 8 rotates. FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining processing executed during rotation of the turntable 8 in the first machining program.

  The CPU 61 determines whether or not the command to be executed at present is a machining end command (M30) (step S11). If the command to be executed at present is not a machining end command (step S11: NO), another command is executed, and the process returns to step S11.

  When the command to be executed at present is a machining end command (step S11: YES), the CPU 61 refers to the nonvolatile memory 64 and determines whether or not a rotation command for the turntable 8 has been input (step S12). ). When the rotation command for the turntable 8 has not been input (step S12: NO), the CPU 61 returns the process to step S12. A rotation command for the rotary table 8 is input by operating an operation button provided on the input device 71.

  When the rotation command of the turntable 8 is input (step S12: YES), whether or not the CPU 61 performs positioning around the A axis with respect to the rotation support base 11c, that is, whether AX exists in the row including M30. It is determined whether or not (step S13).

  When positioning around the A axis is not executed (step S13: NO), the CPU 61 outputs a drive command to the table motor 84 and the electromagnetic valve 90, rotates the rotary table 8 180 degrees, and releases the workpiece (step S14). ).

  When positioning about the A axis is executed (step S13: YES), the CPU 61 outputs a drive command to the A axis motor 11a, the table motor 84, and the electromagnetic valve 90, and the rotation support base 11c (the first work holding device 11) is operated. Then, the rotary table 8 is rotated 180 degrees to the angle set in the parameter X, the rotary table 8 is rotated 180 degrees, and the workpiece is fixed by the clamp portion 11d (step S15).

  While the rotation support table 11c is moving from the rear side to the front side due to the rotation of the rotary table 8, the rotation support table 11c rotates about the A axis to the angle set in the parameter X. Moreover, the holding | maintenance of the workpiece | work by the clamp part 11d is cancelled | released. Therefore, even if the work is rotated around the A axis and the work is released, the cycle time does not become longer. When the rotation support base 11c is positioned on the front side, the work held on the rotation support base 11c is inclined frontward. Since the worker is positioned in front of the rotary table 8, the work is inclined toward the worker. The operator can easily exchange the workpiece held on the rotation support base 11c.

As described above, the CPU 61 executes the second machining program when the execution of the first machining program is finished. Specifically, the second machining program is executed after the process of step S14 or step S15 described above is executed. At this time, the second work holding device 12 is moving from the front side (separation position) to the rear side (approach position) by the rotation of the rotary table 8. The same applies when the execution of the second machining program is terminated and the first machining program is executed.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a modification in which the A-axis motor 12a of the second work holding device 12 moving from the front side to the rear side is controlled simultaneously with the rotation of the rotary table.

  The CPU 61 determines whether or not the command to be executed at present is a machining end command (M30) of the first machining program (step S21). If the command to be executed at present is not a machining end command (step S21: NO), another command is executed, and the process returns to step S21.

  When the command to be executed is the machining end command (step S21: YES), the CPU 61 refers to the nonvolatile memory 64 and determines whether or not the rotation command for the turntable 8 has been input (step S22). ). When the rotation command for the turntable 8 is not input (step S22: NO), the CPU 61 returns the process to step S22. A rotation command for the rotary table 8 is input by operating an operation button provided on the input device 71.

  When the rotation command of the turntable 8 is input (step S22: YES), the entire second machining program is read with reference to the nonvolatile memory 64 (step S23). In the second machining program, the CPU 61 determines whether or not there is a positioning command (M40) around the A axis before the first cutting movement command (G1) (step S24). If there is no positioning command around the A axis before the first cutting movement command (step S24: NO), the CPU 61 determines whether or not to perform positioning around the A axis with respect to the rotation support base 11c in the first machining program. That is, it is determined whether or not AX exists in the row including M30 (step S25).

  In the first machining program, when positioning around the A axis with respect to the rotation support base 11c is not executed, that is, when AX does not exist in the row including M30 (step S25: NO), the CPU 61 outputs a drive command to the table motor 84. Then, the rotary table 8 is rotated (step S26).

  In the first machining program, when the positioning around the A axis with respect to the rotation support base 11c is executed, that is, when AX exists in the row including M30 (step S25: YES), the CPU 61 performs the A axis motor 11a, the table motor 84, and A drive command is output to the electromagnetic valve 90, the rotation support base 11c (first work holding device 11) is rotated around the A axis to the angle set in the parameter X, the rotary table 8 is rotated 180 degrees, and the clamp unit The fixing of the workpiece by 11d is released (step S27).

  In the second machining program, when there is a positioning command around the A axis before the first cutting movement command (step S24: YES), the CPU 61 includes the A axis included in the positioning command around the A axis in the second machining program. The rotation angle (second location) is set in the nonvolatile memory 64, and in the first machining program, whether or not positioning around the A axis with respect to the rotation support base 11c is executed, that is, AX exists in the row including M30. It is determined whether or not to perform (step S28).

  In the first machining program, when positioning around the A axis with respect to the rotation support base 11c is not executed, that is, when AX does not exist in the row including M30 (step S28: NO), the CPU 61 performs the A axis motor 12a and the table motor 84. And a drive command is output to the electromagnetic valve 90, and the rotation support 12c (second work holding device 12) is rotated to the angle (second position) around the A axis set in the nonvolatile memory 64 to rotate. The table 8 is rotated 180 degrees and the workpiece is fixed by the clamp portion 12d (step S29).

  In the first machining program, when the positioning around the A axis with respect to the rotation support base 11c is executed, that is, when AX exists in the row including M30 (step S28: YES), the CPU 61 executes the A axis motor 11a and the A axis motor. 12a, the table motor 84, and the electromagnetic valve 90 are driven to rotate, the rotation support base 11c (first work holding device 11) is rotated about the A axis to the angle set in the parameter X, and the rotation support base 12c ( The second workpiece holding device 12) is rotated to the angle around the A axis set in the nonvolatile memory 64, the rotary table 8 is rotated 180 degrees, the workpiece is fixed by the clamp portion 11d, and the clamp portion 12d To fix the workpiece (step S30).

  During the movement from the front side (separation position) to the rear side (approach position), the rotation support base 12c is rotated around the A axis, and the workpiece is fixed by the clamp portion 12d (steps S29 and S30). Positioning and holding of the workpiece is performed before machining. Therefore, in the subsequent machining process, positioning and holding of the workpiece can be omitted, and the cycle time can be shortened.

  During the movement from the front side to the rear side, the workpiece is fixed by the clamp portion 12d (steps S29 and S30). Therefore, it is not necessary to fix the work manually after the operator changes the work. Also, since the workpiece is automatically fixed before machining, safety is increased.

  Although the rotation support bases 11c and 12c described above are configured to rotate about the A axis, they may be configured to rotate about another horizontal axis, for example, the B axis with the front-rear direction as the axial direction.

  In steps S1 to S4, the machining program is read in advance and a value is set in the parameter X. However, the machining program is read immediately before the machining of the workpiece is executed, and the nonvolatile memory 64 is referenced to set the value in the parameter X. May be set.

  In steps S14 and S15, the workpiece is released or the first workpiece holding device 11 is rotated and the workpiece is released. However, only the first workpiece holding device 11 is rotated or not rotated. May be executed. In this case, release the workpiece manually.

  In steps S29 and S30, the second work holding device 12 is rotated and the work is fixed by the clamp 12d. However, only the process of rotating or not rotating the second work holding device 12 may be executed. In this case, the work is fixed manually. Further, only the process of fixing or not fixing the workpiece by the clamp 12d may be executed.

  It should be thought that embodiment disclosed this time is an illustration and restrictive at no points. The technical features described in each embodiment can be combined with each other, and the scope of the present invention is intended to include all modifications within the scope of claims and the scope equivalent to the scope of claims. Is done.

5 Spindle 8 Rotary table 11 First work holding device (holding device)
12 Second workpiece holding device (holding device)
60 control device 61 CPU
62 ROM
63 RAM
64 Nonvolatile memory (storage unit)
65 Input interface 66 Output interface 71 Input device (input unit)

Claims (3)

A main shaft that holds a tool, a holding device that is disposed below the main shaft, holds a workpiece, and can rotate about a horizontal axis, and a rotary table that supports the holding device and rotates about a vertical axis In the machine tool, the holding device is configured to move between an approach position approaching the main shaft and a separation position separated from the main shaft by rotation of the rotary table.
An input unit for inputting a rotation command of the rotary table;
A storage unit storing a plurality of instructions for machining a workpiece;
A control device for sequentially reading a plurality of instructions stored in the storage unit and controlling the driving of the spindle and the holding device;
With
During the movement of the holding device from the approach position to the separated position, the holding device is positioned at a first predetermined position around a predetermined horizontal axis, and the holding of the workpiece by the holding device is released. The
The control device reads a command indicating the end of machining and positioning the workpiece at the first predetermined position, and when the rotation command is input to the input unit, the control device moves from the approach position to the separation position. A machine tool , wherein the holding device is rotated and positioned at the first predetermined position during movement of the holding device . A main shaft that holds a tool, a holding device that is disposed below the main shaft, holds a workpiece, and can rotate about a horizontal axis, and a rotary table that supports the holding device and rotates about a vertical axis In the machine tool, the holding device is configured to move between an approach position approaching the main shaft and a separation position separated from the main shaft by rotation of the rotary table.
An input unit for inputting a rotation command of the rotary table;
A storage unit storing a plurality of instructions for machining a workpiece;
A controller that sequentially reads a plurality of instructions stored in the storage unit and controls the drive of the spindle and the holding device;
During the movement of the holding device from the approach position to the separated position, the holding device is positioned at a first predetermined position around a predetermined horizontal axis, or the holding of the workpiece by the holding device is released. Yes,
The control device reads a command indicating the end of machining and positioning the workpiece at the first predetermined position, and when the rotation command is input to the input unit, the control device moves from the approach position to the separation position. A machine tool, wherein the holding device is rotated and positioned at the first predetermined position during movement of the holding device. During the movement of the holding device from the separated position to the approaching position, the holding device is positioned at a second predetermined position around a predetermined horizontal axis, or the work is held by the holding device. The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that.

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