JP6363579B2 - Field management system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an agricultural field management system that collects and processes information related to farm work using a computer network and provides information related to an appropriate farm work plan.

  The field management system according to Patent Document 1 includes a field database storing position and shape information on a map of a field, a corrected growth index database storing corrected growth index data, and a work content from the types and growth indexes of cultivated crops. A work condition database storing conditions for determination is provided. Using information stored in these databases, information that is a criterion for agricultural work, such as a difference in the distribution of the degree of growth in the field, is calculated and displayed visually. The farmer determines the farm work in the field based on the displayed information. The database has a multi-layer structure for each year, and it is possible to utilize the past results of the farm field for the next farming.

  In the farming system according to Patent Document 2, the contents of farm work such as rice planting, fertilization, harvesting, etc., which are performed for each farm section, are recorded including costs, and the plan of farm work to be performed next based on the actual data Is output. This farming system can receive data from farming machines that work on the field, and fertilizer data such as fertilization date, fertilizer type (fertilizer type), fertilizer amount, fertilizer cost, and harvest such as yield and taste. Is input as actual data. As a result, it is possible to display the actual fertilization result value in the selected field and display the actual harvest value such as yield and taste.

  In the work information sharing system disclosed in Patent Document 3, different farm work machines put into the same field can be mounted with a detachable recording device that is used in common, and the information recorded in the recording device is stored in each It can be shared between agricultural machines. In this system, the traveling speed during the harvesting operation of the combine and the information from the GPS communication unit are associated with each other and recorded in the recording device. Based on the information recorded in the recording device, for example, at a position where the crop where the traveling speed of the combine becomes slow grows too much, a work plan is created so as to reduce the amount of fertilizer applied by the fertilizer applicator. In addition, by reducing the depth of the scraping at the time of scraping with a tractor, it is also possible to suppress excessive accumulation of fertilizer and suppress crops from growing too much.

JP 2007-310463 A JP 2014-194653 A JP 2014-187654 A

In the conventional system described above, the recording of information regarding different farm work performed in the same field is not structured, and if the amount of information to be recorded increases, smooth data processing may be difficult. In particular, in the same field, various types of farm work machines are introduced, each of which generates unique work information, links the work information easily and accurately, and evaluates the farming on the field based on the information. No system is provided.
For this reason, there is a demand for a system that can effectively record and use various types of work information generated by various types of agricultural machines input to the same field.

  A field management system according to the present invention includes a map data recording unit having a field map layer for recording field map data, and a model for recording field work data generated for each work performed on a field by various farm work machines. A field work data recording unit having a separate field work layer, a data management unit for managing the field map data and the field work data at a common coordinate position, and a farming evaluation of the field based on the field work data And an evaluation unit to perform.

  According to this structure, the field work data of the various farm work machines which perform farm work with respect to a field are each recorded on a model-specific field work layer. Furthermore, since the field work data for each model is managed at the same coordinate position as the field map data recorded in the field map layer, the field work contents in different models at any position or section in the field Can be read out easily and accurately. By using field work data from various farm work machines that are positionally related to each other, fine farm work management by subdividing the field becomes possible, and as a result, highly accurate farming evaluation of the entire field becomes possible.

  In the agricultural machine, workability, fuel cost, and work time may vary depending on how the travel route is taken during work travel. Therefore, it is important for farming to accurately examine the route on which the farm working machine actually travels. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the farm work data includes a running track of the farm machine, and the running track is related to a coordinate position in the farm map layer. Thereby, the traveling route of each work machine can be compared and examined in association with each other accurately.

  In the case of upland cropping, the tilling direction of the tractor (the direction in which the straw extends) has a significant impact on the drainage plan. In addition, when the field is a paddy field, it is necessary to store an appropriate amount of water, so the field gradient is important information. For this reason, in one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the map data recording unit can record height data at the coordinate position of the field in the field map layer, and the data management unit The gradient data of the field is generated from the height data. In this configuration, since the height data is recorded at the coordinate position of the field, the gradient of the field in all directions can be obtained. It is difficult to obtain the height data at the coordinate position of such a field by a positioning method from outside the field, and the cost is increased. However, when obtaining the height at each position on the field from the device operation data (an example of the field work data) of the work equipment of the agricultural machine that travels throughout the field, it is practically possible only by processing the data. It is. For example, it is also possible to calculate the height of the farm field from the movement of the work equipment that is mounted on the farm work machine so as to be able to perform up-down rolling control. Moreover, when a height measuring device is provided in the farm work machine, and height data is sequentially acquired with traveling, the height data can be obtained at the coordinate position of the farm field at a relatively low cost.

  In cereal cultivation such as rice and wheat, a dedicated agricultural machine is used in a series of operations such as field preparation, sowing or seedling, fertilization, and grain harvesting. Therefore, the farm working machine employed in this field management system basically includes a tractor, a rice transplanter or a seeder, and a harvester. In such an agricultural machine, the input time in the field, the travel route, the work content, and the like differ depending on the model, and individually useful information can be obtained as described below.

  For example, the tractor is thrown in at the early stage of farming, which is leveling of the field, and often runs around the outer periphery of the field during work. When the tractor is equipped with a satellite navigation device or an inertial navigation device, the outer shape of the field can be obtained from the positioning data indicating the traveling trajectory acquired during the orbiting of the outer periphery of the field. Accordingly, in one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the field contour data is generated based on the traveling locus included in the field work data generated by the tractor traveling around the outer periphery of the field. As described above, a field management system is configured.

  Rice planters and sowing machines determine the planting positions of rice, wheat, and the like based on their operation. Therefore, the field work data including the traveling locus of the rice transplanter and the seeder becomes data for calculating the crop planting position, and as a result, the coordinate position on the map of the crop planting position can also be calculated. For this reason, in one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the planting position data generated by the rice planter or the sowing machine traveling is included in the field work data, and the crop planting position is The field management system is configured so that the data is related to the field by the coordinate position. As a result, detailed farming management in units of crop planting positions becomes possible.

  The harvester cuts the culm and harvests the grain as it runs. If this grain yield (yield) is measured in real time as the work travels, the yield associated with the travel position, that is, the specific position of the field can be calculated. By utilizing this, in one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, unit travel yield data generated in association with a travel position when the harvester travels a harvesting work is included in the field work data. The unit travel yield data is related to the field by the coordinate position, and the field management system is configured so that the yield per minute section in the field is calculated.

  When data related to farming can be collected and recorded for each coordinate position of the field, it is useful reference information for the next farm work plan simply by visualizing the data. When annual data is statistically processed and visualized, it becomes more useful reference information. For this reason, the preferred farm field management system of the present invention includes a farm work plan calculation unit that derives farm work plan information of the field based on farm management evaluation by the evaluation unit. Further, in the field management system according to the present invention, the field work data recording unit has a model-specific field work layer, so that the farm work plan information relates not only to the implemented crop type and the farm work execution time but also to the farm work machine to be input. Information can also be included. Expenses related to agricultural machines account for a large percentage of the total agricultural expenses, and it is convenient that the agricultural machines are managed appropriately.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the basic composition of an agricultural field management system. It is a functional block diagram of the control system mounted in the agricultural machine. It is a functional block diagram of a computer system. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of farm work plan information.

  A basic configuration of a field management system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The field management system is a computer system including a data recording unit 6 having a characteristic database structure. The data recording unit 6 is a layer structure, a map data recording unit that is a field map layer for recording field map data, and field work data generated for each work performed on the field by various farming machines. And a field work data recording unit, which is a model-specific field work layer. In the field map layer, general map data is recorded in advance. The layer structure of the data recording unit 6 makes it possible to relate the field work data acquired during the work traveling in the field of the farm work machine to the map position of the field, that is, the coordinate position. Therefore, the evaluation unit 70 can perform farm management evaluation on the field in subdivided field section units and model units by using the field work data related to the coordinate position by the data management unit 60. It is.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the farm work machine 1 includes a tractor 1 </ b> T that performs leveling such as field scraping as a cultivation preparation work, a rice transplanter (or seeding machine) 1 </ b> P that performs seedling as a cultivation start work, and a final cultivation work. The combine 1C which performs the grain harvesting work as is taken up. These work machines are equipped with a position detection device using GPS or the like, and the travel position can be converted into data. Various data generated by the agricultural machine 1 can be transferred to the data recording unit 6 of the computer system through a wireless data transmission device or a portable memory device.

  When the tractor 1T enters the field and travels around the outermost periphery, the orbital travel position data indicating the travel locus is generated as part of the field work data, and the model of the data recording unit 6 via the data management unit 60 Recorded in a separate field work layer. The data management unit 60 further generates field outline data (an example of field map data) indicating the outline of the farm field that is the work target by applying the orbital travel position data to the general map data described above, Recorded as field map data of the field on the field map layer.

  Further, when the tractor 1T has a height (elevation) detection function, height data can be generated as part of the field work data. When this height data is related to the coordinate position in the field map layer, the gradient in the field is calculated, so that the gradient data in the field (an example of field map data) can be recorded in the field map layer. In addition, since a working device such as a rotary mounted on the tractor is controlled horizontally (rolling), it is possible to calculate field gradient data from the control data of the horizontal control.

  It is possible to record the seedling planting position as an example of crop planting position data in the type-specific field work layer of the rice transplanter 1P from the travel locus when the rice transplanter 1P travels and the device operation data of the seedling planting device. it can. If fertilization work is performed at the time of seedling planting work, the fertilization position can also be recorded in the field-specific field work layer of the rice transplanter 1P. Moreover, since the rice transplanter 1P travels accurately throughout the entire field, the field contour data of the field can be created and corrected from the travel locus data.

  The combine 1C used here has a function capable of measuring the grain yield (yield) in real time. Therefore, the data management unit 60 generates unit travel yield data in which the yield at the position is associated with the travel position from the travel locus when the combine 1C travels and the yield measured during the work travel. This unit travel yield data is recorded as one of the field work data in the model-specific field work layer of the combine 1C. The recorded unit travel yield data is related to the field map data by the coordinate position. Therefore, the evaluation unit 70 can output the fine section yield distribution in the field from the yield per minute section in the field. A good section where the field yield from the fine section yield distribution is better than the average and a bad section where the average is worse than the average are determined. As a result, the farm work plan calculation unit 7 can generate and output fine-grained farm work plan information such as a decrease in fertilizer drop in the superior section and an increase in fertilizer drop in the defective section.

Further, the farm work plan calculation unit 7 generates farm work plan information based on the data recorded in the data recording unit 6 and the evaluation information output from the evaluation unit 70. The farm work plan information is preferably information that provides guidance for guiding farm work to a farmer who is a user. There are various forms of farm work plan information, such as a work schedule table, a work list that lists work items, a format that shows a comparison with conventional farm work, and a format that uses icons. A format or a combination of such formats can be employed. Examples of specific contents of farm work plan information as guidance are listed below.
(1) Evaluate the working trajectory of the tractor in farming period units (for example, annually), and propose an optimal tillage direction.
(2) From the actual work time of the farm work machine in each field, the farm work machine feed time and feed time are proposed.
(3) The standby position of the grain transporter is proposed from the work travel route of the combine and the expected yield.
(4) Propose water supply and drainage plans for paddy fields with reference to the field gradient data.
(5) Considering the working trajectory (planting line pattern) of the rice transplanter that determines the planting line, a combine working path (cutting line pattern) for determining the cutting line is proposed.

  In the example of FIG. 1, information recorded in the data recording unit 6 via the data management unit 60 is sent from various agricultural machines 1. Of course, information from devices other than the agricultural machine 1 can be recorded in the data recording unit 6. For example, image information and environment observation information acquired by a remotely operated or autonomously operated quadcopter or multicopter called a drone can be recorded in the data recording unit 6. From this image information, it is possible to generate growth data indicating the growth state of the crops in units of micro-compartments in the field through image processing. Environmental observation information such as climate is useful information for predicting fertilization time and harvest time. In addition, when comparing information on different regions, normalization of environmental conditions using environment observation information is expected to improve comparison accuracy.

  Next, one specific embodiment of the field management system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The field management system here also uses the data recording structure (layer structure) in the data recording unit 6 described with reference to FIG. This field management system has a server / client type or cloud type computer system 5 shared by a plurality of registered farmers as a core component. Various data is sent to the computer system 5 as the field work data for each type from the farm work machine that performs the farm work in the farm field of each farmer. Each farmer can receive farm work plan information sent from the computer system 5 by using a terminal device possessed by the farmer.

  FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing functional units related to the present invention, which is constructed in the control unit 10 of the combine 1C as an example of the farm work machine 1 introduced into the farm field management system. The combine 1C includes a crawler type traveling device 101, a working device 102 such as a reaping device and a threshing device, a yield measuring device 103 that measures the yield of the harvested grain at the time of harvest, and a taste that measures the taste of the grain at the time of harvest. A measuring device 104 and a sensor group 105 for detecting the state of each device of the combine are provided.

  The control unit 10 includes a travel ECU 11 that controls the travel device 101, a work ECU 12 that controls the work device 102, an equipment state detection ECU 13 that processes a detection signal from the sensor group 105, a GPS unit 14 that detects the position of the device, and a yield. A measurement ECU 15 that processes measurement signals from the measurement device 103 and the taste measurement device 104 is provided. Further, an information generation unit 2 and an information communication unit 16 are provided to send field work data to the computer system 5. The work ECU 12, the device state detection ECU 13, the GPS unit 14, the measurement ECU 15, the information generation unit 2, and the information communication unit 16 are connected to each other via an in-vehicle LAN or other data transmission line.

  The information generation unit 2 includes a work basic data generation unit 21, a travel locus data generation unit 22, a model-dependent data generation unit 3, and a field work data generation unit 20. The work basic data generation unit 21 generates basic information on the farm work performed, such as work contents, work date and time, field ID of the field where the work was performed, and fuel consumption. The travel locus data generation unit 22 continuously processes its own position (positioning data) acquired from the GPS unit 14 and generates travel locus data indicating a travel locus during work. The model-dependent data generation unit 3 generates data that depends on the model of the agricultural machine 1. For example, in the combine 1C, the model-dependent data generation unit 3 generates yield data indicating the yield associated with the position of the own machine based on the data from the measurement ECU 15, and the data from the measurement ECU 15 The taste data generating unit 32 for generating taste data indicating the taste associated with the position of the own device based on the taste is included.

  The field work data generation unit 20 generates field work data by combining the data generated by the work basic data generation unit 21, the travel locus data generation unit 22, the model-dependent data generation unit 3, and the like. The generated farm work data is sent to the computer system 5 via the information communication unit 16.

  In FIG. 2, a functional block is illustrated with the combine 1 </ b> C as an example of the farm work machine 1. Mainly different functional units are a model-dependent data generation unit 3 as indicated by a dotted line in FIG. When the agricultural machine 1 is the rice transplanter 1P, the model-dependent data generation unit 3 is formed as a seedling planting data generation unit 33 and a fertilization data generation unit 34. The seedling planting data generation unit 33 generates data related to the amount of seedling planting, the seedling planting depth in the seedling planting operation, and also between the stocks and the streak. The fertilization data generation unit 34 generates data related to the fertilization amount (fertilization distribution) associated with the own machine position. When the farm work machine 1 is a tractor 1T equipped with a tilling device, the model-dependent data generation unit 3 is formed as a tilling data generation unit 35. The tillage data generation unit 35 generates data such as tillage depth and horizontal control amount of the tilling device in association with the position of the own device.

  FIG. 3 shows a functional block unit of the computer system 5 of the field management system. The computer system 5 receives field work data for each model from the control unit 10 of the tractor 1T, the rice transplanter 1P, and the combine 1C, which are the farm work machines 1, and a user terminal (personal computer or tablet computer) held by a farmer or a farm worker. Farm work plan information to 100).

  The computer system 5 basically includes an information input unit 51, an information output unit 52, a data recording unit 6, a data management unit 60, an evaluation unit 70, and an agricultural work plan calculation unit 7. The information input unit 51 transfers the field work data sent from the farm work machine 1 into the system. The information output unit 52 sends the farm work plan information generated internally to the user terminal 100. The farmer makes an actual farm work plan based on the sent farm work plan information.

  The data recording unit 6 is a database configured as a layer structure, and includes a field information recording unit 61 that functions as a map data recording unit, a model-specific field work recording unit 62 that functions as a field work data recording unit, and farm environment information. A recording unit 63 and an agricultural work plan recording unit 64 are provided. The agricultural field information recording unit 61 is divided into an agricultural field basic data unit 611 and an agricultural field map data unit 612. The farm field basic data section 611 records farm field attribute data such as farm field names and farm place owners. The field map data unit 612 records field map data obtained by integrating the map of the farm fields of the farmers participating in the field management system into standard map data, and the outline of each field is defined by map coordinates. can do. An arbitrary position in the field can be defined by map coordinates.

  In this embodiment, the model-specific field work recording unit 62 that functions as a field work data recording unit is a tractor work data unit 621 that records field work data of the tractor 1T, and a rice transplanter that records field work data of the rice transplanter 1P. It is divided into a work data part 622 and a combine work data part 623 for recording the field work data of the combine 1C. The structure in which the field work data of each farm work machine 1 is recorded in such a model-specific field work recording unit 62 is a layer structure based on a field map. For example, the vehicle position data of the tractor recorded in the tractor work data unit 621 is a vehicle position data group that is recorded in the order of travel (time order) in the coordinates of the field map. Can be derived. Furthermore, the outer shape of the field can be derived by processing the own position data indicating the travel locus when the tractor 1T makes a round trip around the outer periphery of the field (any of the round work run and the round non-work run). it can. Such field outline data is recorded in the field map data unit 612. Further, when the tractor 1T includes a measuring device that can measure altitude (field height), it is possible to record the height of the field position at its own position during traveling. From such height data, the data management unit 60 can generate contour lines of the field, and consequently gradient data, and the generated gradient data can also be recorded in the field map data unit 612.

  It is also possible to relate the planting position of the crop to the own position data representing the traveling locus of the rice transplanter 1P recorded in the rice transplanter work data section 622. When such a crop planting position is recorded, for example, the seedling planting amount can be easily related to the planting position, and the distribution of the seedling amount in the field can be evaluated.

  It is also possible to relate the yield data measured in real time at the time of harvesting to the own machine position data representing the traveling locus of the combine 1C recorded in the combine work data section 623. Thus, the unit yield, for example, the yield per minute section, can be easily derived from the yield data related to the own position data (coordinate position on the field map).

  The model-specific field work recording unit 62 employs a field work layer structure in which field work data of each model is recorded using a common coordinate position with the field map based on the field map. The distribution of the work state and work results by the farm work machine 1 can be easily derived and the farming evaluation can be performed. Furthermore, if such a field work layer is configured according to the breeding period or year, it is possible to easily derive temporal changes in the work state and work result distribution by a specific farm machine in a specific field, and to evaluate farm management. Can be used. Such application programs for various farming evaluations are incorporated in the evaluation unit 70.

  The farm work plan calculation unit 7 compares, for example, farming evaluation data indicating farming evaluation by the evaluation unit 70 with past data and reference data corresponding to the request, and includes the comparison result. Generate farm work plan information. The generated farm work plan information is transmitted to the user terminal 100 through the information output unit 52, and is visualized by monitor display or printout on the user terminal 100 side. The farmer makes a final farm work plan while viewing the visualized farm work plan information.

  Next, a specific configuration example of farm work plan information will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 schematically shows farm work plan information as a past record received by a specific farmer to access the computer system 5 and to make a farm work plan in a farm field having a farm field ID “25600”. Yes.

  The farm work plan information includes “farm field ID”, “farm field name”, “area”, “region”, and the like as the farm field basic information, and the “farm field ID” includes a number obtained by subdividing the farm field. Are linked. This minute section information includes “minute section ID” and “coordinate value”. Field work data generated by the farm machine 1 and assigned to the minute section is linked to the “minute section ID”. The field work data includes “seed planting amount”, “base fertilizer amount”, “ Includes topdressing amount, yield, and taste.

  Further, the “field ID” is linked to the field work data for each farm machine, here, the field work data of the tractor 1T, the rice transplanter 1P, and the combine 1C. ”,“ Execution date / time ”,“ working time ”,“ fuel consumption ”, and the like. The farmer makes a farm work plan for the next farm work by referring to the farm work plan information having such contents sent to the user terminal 100.

[Another embodiment]
(1) In the above-described embodiment, the tractor 1T, the rice transplanter 1P, and the combine 1C are taken up as the agricultural machine 1. However, other agricultural machines 1 may be added, and the tractor 1T, the rice transplanter 1P, and the combine 1C may be added. Only one or two of them may be used. The share of each agricultural machine is not limited to that described above. For example, since the tractor 1T can generate planting position information by equipping the tractor 1T with the sowing implement (seeder), the planting position information can be received from the tractor 1T.
(2) In the embodiment described above, the computer system 5 is used jointly by a plurality of farmers, but is used in a stand-alone manner targeting only a single farm or only a single farm. The computer system 5 may be used. In particular, when used by a single farmhouse, a personal computer, a tablet computer, or a smartphone is suitable as the computer system 5.
(3) In the above-described embodiment, the computer system 5 is installed in only one place. However, the computer system 5 is installed in a plurality of places. The computer system 5 is accessed from the user terminal 100, and farm work data for each farm machine is obtained. You may make it the structure which transmits and receives agricultural work plan information.

  The field management system according to the present invention can be applied not only to grain cultivation such as rice cultivation and wheat cultivation, but also to vegetable cultivation and fruit cultivation.

1: Agricultural working machine 1C: Combine 1P: Rice transplanter 1T: Tractor 2: Information generating unit 3: Model-dependent data generating unit 5: Computer system 6: Data recording unit 7: Agricultural work plan calculating unit 10: Control unit 11: Travel ECU
12: Work ECU
13: Equipment state detection ECU
14: GPS unit 15: Measurement ECU
16: Information communication unit 20: Field work data generation unit 21: Work basic data generation unit 22: Travel locus data generation unit 31: Yield data generation unit 32: Taste data generation unit 33: Seedling planting data generation unit 34: Fertilization data Generation unit 35: Tillage data generation unit 51: Information input unit 52: Information output unit 60: Data management unit 61: Field information recording unit (map data recording unit)
62: Field-specific field work recording unit (field work data recording unit)
63: Agricultural environment information recording unit 64: Agricultural work plan recording unit 70: Evaluation unit 100: User terminal 101: Traveling device 102: Working device 103: Yield measuring device 104: Taste measuring device 105: Sensor group 611: Field basic data unit 612 : Farm map data part 621: Tractor work data part 622: Rice transplanter work data part 623: Combine work data part

Claims (10)

A map data recording unit having a field map layer for recording field map data;
A field work data recording unit having a model-specific field work layer for recording field work data generated for each work performed on the field by various farm work machines;
A data management unit for data management of the field map data and the field work data at a common coordinate position;
An evaluation unit that performs farming evaluation of the field based on the field work data;
Field management system with   The farm field management system according to claim 1, wherein the farm work data includes a running locus of the farm work machine, and the running locus is related to a coordinate position in the farm field map layer.   The height data at the coordinate position of the field can be recorded in the field map layer in the map data recording unit, and the data management unit generates gradient data of the field from the height data. The field management system according to 2.   The field management system according to claim 3, wherein the height data is generated from device operation data of the agricultural machine.   The farm field management system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the farm work machine includes a tractor, a rice transplanter or a seeder, and a harvester.   The field management system according to claim 5, wherein outer field data of the field is generated based on a traveling locus included in the field work data generated by the tractor traveling around the outer periphery of the field.   The crop planting position data generated when the rice planting machine or the seeding machine travels is included in the field work data, and the crop planting position data is related to the field by a coordinate position. The field management system according to 6.   Unit travel yield data generated in association with a travel position when the harvester travels a harvesting operation is included in the field work data. The unit travel yield data is related to the field by a coordinate position, and the field The field management system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein a yield per minute section is calculated.   The farm field management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a farm work plan calculation unit that derives farm work plan information of the farm field based on farm management evaluation by the evaluation unit.   The farm field management system according to claim 9, wherein the farm work plan information includes an implemented crop type, a farm work execution time, and a farm machine to be input.

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