JP6357649B2 - DC motor drive device and ceiling-embedded ventilator equipped with the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a DC motor driving apparatus that drives with a constant motor current so as not to fluctuate greatly, and detects a step-out of the DC motor and returns it to a stable rotation.

  Conventionally, this type of DC motor can be prevented from stepping out by detecting the load voltage or load current of the DC motor, performing a comparison operation, and changing the frequency of the output voltage or output voltage to prevent step-out. It is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  Hereinafter, this type of DC motor driving device described in Patent Document 1 will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the conventional DC motor driving apparatus converts the AC voltage of the commercial power source into DC by a rectifying diode 101 and a DC smoothing capacitor 102.

  The DC-converted voltage is converted into AC by the inverter 104 driven by the drive circuit 110, and the AC voltage is applied to the armature coils 105, 106, 107 to rotate the motor.

  Further, in order to calculate the difference between the rotational speed command from the inverter 104 and the actual rotational speed of the motor, the DC power voltage detector 103 detects the voltage converted into direct current. Similarly, the current values of the armature coils 105, 106 and 107 are detected by the current detectors 108 and 109. From the detected voltage value, current value, and induced voltage detected from each armature coil, the microcomputer 111 calculates the change rate of the phase difference of the induced voltage.

  Then, the difference between the rotation speed command and the actual rotation speed of the motor is calculated from the change rate of the calculated phase difference, the difference in rotation speed obtained from the final calculation result is corrected, and the actual rotation speed matches the command rotation speed. This prevents the DC motor from stepping out or stabilizes rotation.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-55994

  With regard to such conventional DC motor step-out prevention and rotation stabilization methods, it is necessary to collect voltage and current phase differences or DC motor rotation speed as information, and high-speed and complicated calculations are required. Therefore, a microcomputer is essential.

  Therefore, the microcomputer must be incorporated in the drive device, but when the microcomputer is incorporated in the drive device, the size of the control board increases.

  The cost of the drive device becomes high due to the cost of the microcomputer itself and the development cost of software for operating the microcomputer.

  With the demand for product miniaturization and cost reduction, DC motor drive devices incorporated in products are also required to be compact and cost-effective.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and to provide a DC motor drive device that prevents step-out without using a microcomputer and saves space and is inexpensive.

A three-phase DC motor;
Drive means for converting a DC voltage into a three-phase AC voltage and applying the DC voltage to the DC motor to drive the DC motor;
A rotation speed instruction means for instructing the DC motor drive means with a voltage to the rotation speed of the DC motor;
An operating voltage generating means to be an operating voltage of the DC motor driving means;
Constant current output means for supplying a constant output current by changing a DC voltage to the DC motor drive means;
Output voltage detection means for detecting the output voltage of the constant current output means;
Lower limit reference voltage generating means for generating a reference voltage value for determining a rotational speed abnormality of the DC motor;
Output voltage drop diagnosis means for comparing and calculating the output voltage of the constant current output means and the lower limit reference voltage, diagnosing a drop in the output voltage, and outputting the output voltage drop state to the outside,
Comprising first and second switch means operating at the output of the output voltage drop diagnostic means;
The first switch means is inserted between the operating voltage generating means and the constant current output means,
The second switch means is inserted between the brake function terminal of the driving means and the operating voltage generating means,
When the output voltage drop diagnosis means determines that the output voltage is reduced during the rotation of the DC motor, the DC motor is restarted by short-circuiting the first and second switch means. Is.

  When the input voltage to the driving means falls below a predetermined lower reference voltage value, it is determined that an abnormality in the rotational speed of the DC motor has occurred.

  When the rotation speed abnormality is detected, the output of the constant current means is stopped by the first switch means, and at the same time, the DC motor is braked by the second switch means to return to the same state as when the power is turned on. Start up.

  Thereby, it can return to a normal state from rotation speed abnormality.

The figure which shows the structure of Embodiment 1 of this invention. The figure which shows the structure of Embodiment 2 of this invention. The figure which shows the structure of Embodiment 3 of this invention. Simplified diagram showing conventional configuration

The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is
A three-phase DC motor;
Drive means for converting a DC voltage into a three-phase AC voltage and applying the DC voltage to the DC motor to drive the DC motor;
A rotation speed instruction means for instructing the DC motor drive means with a voltage to the rotation speed of the DC motor;
An operating voltage generating means to be an operating voltage of the DC motor driving means;
Constant current output means for supplying a constant output current by changing a DC voltage to the DC motor drive means;
Output voltage detection means for detecting the output voltage of the constant current output means;
Lower limit reference voltage generating means for generating a reference voltage value for determining a rotational speed abnormality of the DC motor;
Output voltage drop diagnosis means for comparing and calculating the output voltage of the constant current output means and the lower limit reference voltage, diagnosing a drop in the output voltage, and outputting the output voltage drop state to the outside,
Comprising first and second switch means operating at the output of the output voltage drop diagnostic means;
The first switch means is inserted between the operating voltage generating means and the constant current output means,
The second switch means is inserted between the brake function terminal of the driving means and the operating voltage generating means,
When the output voltage drop diagnosis means determines that the output voltage is reduced during the rotation of the DC motor, the DC motor is restarted by short-circuiting the first and second switch means. Is.

  When the rotational speed of the DC motor driving means is significantly reduced due to some abnormality, the input voltage to the DC motor is significantly reduced.

  Therefore, it is possible to detect a significant decrease in the rotational speed of the DC motor by providing the output voltage reducing means.

  When the decrease in the rotational speed is detected, the control means stops the constant current output to the DC motor and stops the power supply to the motor. At the same time, the DC motor is braked to reduce the rotational speed of the DC motor to zero. As described above, the DC motor can be returned to normal rotation.

  Further, the rotation speed instruction means may be provided with a time constant circuit for increasing the voltage to be instructed only at the time of activation for a predetermined time, and the voltage of the rotation speed instruction means may be gradually increased simultaneously with energization.

With this configuration, even a sensorless drive system that does not use a microcomputer can be started from a low rotational speed at the time of startup.
In addition, a third switch means that operates with the output voltage drop diagnostic means,
The third switch means is configured to short-circuit the positive potential and the zero potential of the time constant circuit,
The time constant circuit may be forcibly discharged when the output voltage drop diagnostic means determines that the output voltage has dropped.

  With this configuration, even in a drive system that does not use a microcomputer, the same operation as when the power is turned on can be performed even when restarting after detecting a decrease in output voltage.

  Further, by incorporating the DC motor driving device of the present invention into a ventilation device, a ventilation device that realizes stable rotation at a low cost and at a low cost can be provided.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
As shown in FIG. 1, the DC motor driving device of the first embodiment includes a constant current circuit 1, a motor driver 2, a sensorless DC motor 3, a VSP voltage generation circuit 4, a low voltage generation circuit 5, A voltage detection circuit 6, a reference voltage circuit 7, a comparator 8, two transistors 9, and a transistor 10 are included.

  The constant current circuit 1 is a constant current output unit that converts a commercial AC power supply voltage into a DC constant current output. The motor driver 2 is a driving unit that converts the constant current output of the constant current circuit 1 into a three-phase alternating current.

  The sensorless DC motor 3 is a DC motor that applies the three-phase AC output of the motor driver 2.

  The VSP voltage generation circuit 4 is a rotation speed instruction means for changing the rotation speed of the sensorless DC motor 3 by arbitrarily applying a voltage from the outside to the motor driver 2 to vary the three-phase AC output generated by the motor driver 2. .

  The low voltage generation circuit 5 is an operation voltage generation unit that generates an operation voltage of the motor driver 2 and is configured to generate a low voltage directly from a commercial power supply voltage.

  The voltage detection circuit 6 is output voltage detection means for detecting the output voltage of the constant current circuit 1.

  The reference voltage circuit 7 is a lower limit reference voltage generating means for generating a lower limit reference voltage of the output voltage of the constant current circuit 1.

  The comparator 8 is an output voltage drop diagnosis unit that compares and determines the output of the voltage detection circuit 6 and the output of the reference voltage circuit 7.

  The transistor 9 is a first switch means that is inserted between the constant current circuit 1 and the low voltage generation circuit 5 and interlocks with the output of the comparator 8. The transistor 10 is a second switch means that is inserted between the brake function terminal of the motor driver 2 and the low voltage generation circuit 5 and interlocks with the output of the comparator 8.

  In addition to the above, the low voltage generation circuit 5 is also connected to a brake function terminal built in the motor driver 2. However, a transistor 10 is inserted between the brake function terminal and the low voltage generation circuit 5, and both the transistors 9 and 10 are normally turned off.

  In general, the motor driver 2 incorporates an inverter circuit composed of 2 stages × 3 semiconductor elements, and the inverter circuit converts direct current into three-phase alternating current. A rotating magnetic field is generated by the three-phase alternating current and applied to a sensorless DC motor to rotate the rotor magnet.

  Regarding the generation of the three-phase alternating current, since the sensorless DC motor does not have a magnetic pole sensor that obtains rotor position information, the magnetic pole position is estimated to generate the three-phase alternating current.

  In this method of estimating the magnetic pole position and rotating the motor, if the load changes suddenly and the motor speed changes abruptly, the estimation of the magnetic pole position may not catch up with the actual rotation. The rotation may be stabilized when the rotation difference from the rotation is greatly deviated and unstable. This is called step-out and is known as a phenomenon unique to sensorless motors.

  Here, the motor control method and power supply circuit characteristics of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, the output of the VSP voltage generation circuit 4 and the rotation speed of the motor are fixed, and the motor current is kept constant. In this way, a constant air volume is always output and the torque is not greatly changed.

  The output voltage of the constant current circuit 1 varies depending on the power required by the load.

  For example, considering the case where the present invention is applied to a ventilation fan, the load is lightest when there is nothing that blocks the opening of the ventilation fan, and the load is heavy when all the openings are blocked. When the load is light, the power required for the sensorless DC motor 3 can be reduced, and the input voltage to the motor driver 2 becomes low. On the other hand, when the load is heavy, the power required for the sensorless DC motor 3 increases, and the input voltage to the motor driver 2 increases.

  Here, when the sensorless DC motor 3 is temporarily in a restrained state due to foreign matter biting into the blades, the rotation speed changes rapidly, so that the estimation of the magnetic pole cannot catch up and step out occurs.

  When the step-out occurs, the rotation of the motor is significantly reduced and the rotation is irregular, so that the load is very light and the input voltage to the motor driver 2 is greatly reduced. That is, the step-out can be detected by monitoring the input voltage to the motor driver 2.

  After detecting the step-out, it is necessary to return to the normal state. In this embodiment, a restart is applied as a method for returning to the normal state.

  As a method of restarting, first, the transistor 9 is short-circuited by the output of the comparator 8 when the input voltage to the motor driver 2 becomes lower than the reference voltage. In this way, the output of the constant current circuit 1 is stopped and the power supply to the motor driver 2 is stopped.

  However, the blades continue to rotate due to inertia even when power is not supplied to the sensorless DC motor 3. Therefore, the rotation of the blade is forcibly stopped using the brake function of the motor driver 2.

  That is, the transistor 8 and the transistor 10 are simultaneously short-circuited by the comparator 8 to eliminate power supply to the sensorless DC motor 3, and at the same time, the rotation of the blades is instantaneously stopped by enabling the brake function. That is, a low voltage is applied to the motor driver 2 to the brake terminal to the motor driver 2 by the transistor 10 to activate the brake function of the motor driver 2. Then, the AC output of the motor driver 2 changes to DC, and the stator magnet is attracted to the fixed magnetic field, and the sensorless DC motor 3 appears to be braked.

  By the above operation, when the step-out is detected, the state returns to the same state as when the power is turned on, so that it can be started in the same manner as when the power is turned on.

  Since the low voltage generation circuit 5 is configured to generate a low voltage directly by connecting to a commercial power supply, even if the transistor 9 is short-circuited and the output of the constant current circuit 1 disappears, the operation of the motor driver 2 and other control circuits Since the power supply voltage does not disappear, the operation can be continued.

  Also, as a brake function, there is a method of stopping the rotation of the rotor magnet by a magnetic force by outputting a direct current instead of a three-phase alternating current as an output of the motor driver 2, but what if the rotation of the blade is stopped? It doesn't matter how.

  This time, a transistor is used as the switch means, but even if a semiconductor element or a relay is used, there is no difference in the effect.

  Further, in the present invention, the power supply to the sensorless DC motor 3 is stopped by stopping the output of the constant current circuit. However, any other method may be used as long as the power supply to the sensorless DC motor 3 can be stopped. Even if the method is such that the input to the constant current circuit 1 is cut off, there is no difference in the effect.

  By the above method, the sensorless DC motor 3 can be returned from the step-out and stably rotated without using a microcomputer.

(Embodiment 2)
As shown in FIG. 2, the DC motor drive device of the second embodiment is a time constant circuit between the VSP voltage generation circuit 4 and the motor driver 2 with respect to the DC motor drive device of the first embodiment. The resistor 11 and the capacitor 12 are inserted.

  Here, the operation at the time of starting of the sensorless DC motor 3 will be described.

  Although the induced voltage generated by the rotation of the rotor magnet is used for estimation of the magnetic pole position, the induced voltage is zero and the magnetic pole position cannot be estimated because the rotor is not rotating at startup.

  Therefore, in order to start without estimating the magnetic pole position at startup, a process specific to startup is required.

  As a process peculiar to start-up, first, the rotor magnet is brought close to the stator magnet in order to perform the start-up operation smoothly.

  Accordingly, since the rotor magnetic pole is close when the stator is energized, the stator can easily follow the rotating magnetic field.

  As a method of bringing the rotor magnet closer to the stator magnet, a direct current is passed through the stator winding to attract the rotor magnet to the stator magnet.

  Next, since step-out occurs when it is rotated at a high speed at the time of startup, it is necessary to rotate at a low speed at the time of startup.

  Therefore, the sensorless DC motor 3 is forcibly rotated by a three-phase AC output of a low rotation command unique to startup provided separately from the output of the VSP voltage generation circuit 4.

  When the induced voltage can be detected by the low rotation command, the magnetic pole can be estimated by the induced voltage, so that the normal rotation operation is switched from the three-phase AC output unique to the start-up to the rotation speed of the output voltage value of the VSP voltage generation circuit 4. Migrate to

  The startup is successful only after this series of operations can be performed normally.

  However, when switching from the three-phase output unique to the startup to the VSP voltage generation circuit 4, if the command rotational speed difference is large, a step-out occurs.

  Therefore, the resistor 11 and the capacitor 12 are given a time constant by the resistor 11 and the capacitor 12 at the start-up, and the output of the VSP voltage generator 4 is gradually increased after energization.

  As a result, the output voltage of the VSP voltage generation circuit 4 can be lowered at the timing of switching from the three-phase output unique to the start-up to the output of the VSP voltage generation circuit 4, so that the rotational speed difference between them can be reduced.

  Even after the rotation command of the sensorless DC motor 3 is switched to the output of the VSP voltage generation circuit 4, the output of the VSP voltage generation circuit 4 rises to a specified value due to charging of the time constant circuit, so that the sensorless DC motor 3 Reach speed.

  By this method, the sensorless DC motor 3 can be stably started without using a microcomputer.

  Note that the operations of the transistors 9 and 10 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the return method after the step-out is the same.

(Embodiment 3)
As shown in FIG. 3, the DC motor drive device of the third embodiment has both ends of the capacitor 12 of the time constant circuit as shown in FIG. 3 compared to the DC motor drive device of the second embodiment. A transistor 13 as a third switch means for short-circuiting is added.

  As described in the first embodiment, at the time of step-out, when the input voltage to the motor driver 2 falls below the reference voltage, the transistor 9 is short-circuited by the output of the comparator 8, and power supply to the sensorless DC motor 3 is performed. Stopped.

  However, since the electric charge remains as it is in the capacitor 12 at this time, the VSP voltage input to the motor driver 2 does not decrease. In this state, even if restarting is performed, there is a high possibility that the step-out will occur. In this way, the capacitor 12 is discharged.

  Thereby, the output voltage of the VSP voltage generation circuit 4 can be set to zero at the time of step-out detection. Therefore, it is possible to start up in the same state as when the power is turned on at the time of restart.

  In this way, in this embodiment, without using a microcomputer, the input voltage to the motor driver is monitored to detect step-out, and at the time of detection, the motor state is restarted with the same state as when the power is turned on. Can be restored to normal rotation from step-out, thus reducing costs and downsizing, and products that require space saving for local installation, for example, ceiling-mounted ventilation fans Can be applied to.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Constant current circuit 2 Motor driver 3 Sensorless DC motor 4 VSP voltage generation circuit 5 Low voltage generation circuit 6 Voltage detection circuit 7 Reference voltage circuit 8 Comparator 9 Transistor 10 Transistor 11 Resistance 12 Capacitor 13 Transistor

Claims (4)

A three-phase DC motor;
Drive means for converting a DC voltage into a three-phase AC voltage and applying the DC voltage to the DC motor to drive the DC motor;
A rotation speed instruction means for instructing the DC motor drive means with a voltage to the rotation speed of the DC motor;
An operating voltage generating means to be an operating voltage of the DC motor driving means;
Constant current output means for supplying a constant output current by changing a DC voltage to the DC motor drive means;
Output voltage detection means for detecting the output voltage of the constant current output means;
Lower limit reference voltage generating means for generating a reference voltage value for determining a rotational speed abnormality of the DC motor;
Output voltage drop diagnosis means for comparing and calculating the output voltage of the constant current output means and the lower limit reference voltage, diagnosing a drop in the output voltage, and outputting the output voltage drop state to the outside,
Comprising first and second switch means operating at the output of the output voltage drop diagnostic means;
The first switch means is inserted between the operating voltage generating means and the constant current output means,
The second switch means is inserted between the brake function terminal of the driving means and the operating voltage generating means,
When the output voltage drop diagnosis means determines that the output voltage is lowered during rotation of the DC motor, the DC motor is restarted by short-circuiting the first and second switch means. DC motor drive. The rotation speed instruction means includes a time constant circuit for increasing a voltage to be instructed only at the start-up for a predetermined time,
2. The DC motor driving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the voltage of the rotation speed instruction means is gradually increased simultaneously with energization. Comprising a third switch means operating with the output voltage drop diagnostic means;
The third switch means is configured to short-circuit the positive potential and the zero potential of the time constant circuit,
3. The DC motor drive apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the time constant circuit is forcibly discharged when the output voltage drop diagnosis means determines that the output voltage has dropped. A ceiling-embedded ventilator equipped with the DC motor drive device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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