JP6357617B2 - Defect inspection equipment - Google Patents
Defect inspection equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6357617B2 JP6357617B2 JP2017032671A JP2017032671A JP6357617B2 JP 6357617 B2 JP6357617 B2 JP 6357617B2 JP 2017032671 A JP2017032671 A JP 2017032671A JP 2017032671 A JP2017032671 A JP 2017032671A JP 6357617 B2 JP6357617 B2 JP 6357617B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- inspection
- defect
- board
- plate
- image
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Image Analysis (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
- Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
Description
本発明は、蒲鉾板の表面、裏面の欠陥を検出する欠陥検出装置に関するもので、カメラによる木材の表面欠陥検出装置、特に、蒲鉾板材の節、割れ、腐れ、汚れ等の欠陥を確実且つ高速度で自動的に検出することできる、二台のカメラによる蒲鉾板表面における欠陥部を検出して、良品、不良品、及び再生可能な部材を選別できる装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a defect detection device for detecting defects on the front and back surfaces of a plate, and more particularly to a surface defect detection device for wood using a camera, in particular, defects such as knots, cracks, decay and dirt on the plate material. The present invention relates to an apparatus capable of automatically detecting at a speed and detecting a defective portion on a surface of a plate by two cameras and sorting out non-defective products, defective products, and recyclable members.
木材表面の欠陥検出にあたり、色分布を基に欠陥を検出するものが示されている（特許文献１参照）。この場合、色も加味して欠陥を検出するために、欠陥検出を正確に行うことができるものの、モノクロ画像を利用するものに比して、システムが高額となる。また、ここでは欠陥判定に複雑な関数を利用していることと、事前に収集した欠陥パターンを用いて欠陥を判定しているために、検査処理（判定処理）が高速でなく、事前に欠陥パターンの把握が必要であるという問題がある。 In the detection of defects on the surface of wood, a technique for detecting defects based on a color distribution is shown (see Patent Document 1). In this case, since the defect can be detected accurately in consideration of the color, the system can be expensive compared with the case of using a monochrome image. In addition, here, since the defect is determined using a complicated function for the defect determination and the defect pattern collected in advance, the inspection process (determination process) is not fast and the defect is determined in advance. There is a problem that it is necessary to grasp the pattern.
一方、モノクロ画像で欠陥を検出することができるようにしたものとしては、これはテレビカメラを用いることもあって、安価であるものの、欠陥部と良品部の輝度差が十分獲得できず、安定して検出できないことがあるという問題を有している他に、欠陥状態によって撮像画像中の見え方が異なるために、欠陥検出を確実に行えない場合がある。これは表面状態、含水率等の検査対象に依存する要因及び欠陥部の輝度レベルに依存する要因が考えられる（特許文献２参照）。 On the other hand, it is possible to detect a defect in a monochrome image because it is inexpensive because it uses a TV camera, but the luminance difference between the defective part and the good part cannot be obtained sufficiently and is stable. In addition to the problem that it may not be detected, the appearance of the captured image differs depending on the defect state, so that the defect detection may not be performed reliably. This can be attributed to factors such as the surface condition and moisture content that depend on the inspection object and factors that depend on the luminance level of the defect (see Patent Document 2).
外観および強度等の面から集成材用木材の節、割れ、腐れ等の欠陥は、事前に検出し、除去する必要がある。木材の欠陥を検出するには、目視による方法が一般的であり、作業者が目視により発見した欠陥部分を特殊インクでマークキングし、後に除去していた。目視による方法は、作業者の熟練度等により欠陥の検出精度が異なるばかりか、検出速度にも限界があった。そこで、二台のテレビカメラによって人手によらず木材の欠陥を検出する方法が提案されている（特許文献３参照）。It is necessary to detect and remove defects such as knots, cracks, and decay of the laminated wood from the viewpoint of appearance and strength. In order to detect a defect in wood, a visual method is generally used, and a defective portion visually found by an operator is marked with a special ink and later removed. In the visual method, not only the defect detection accuracy differs depending on the skill level of the operator, but also the detection speed is limited. In view of this, a method for detecting a defect in wood by using two television cameras regardless of human hands has been proposed (see Patent Document 3).
従来技術は、所定速度で走行する被検査木材にスプレーから水を吹き付けて吸水させ、欠陥部と良品部との色彩の濃淡差を大きくし、テレビカメラによって被検査木材の表面を撮影して、その濃淡差から欠陥部を検出するものである。モノクロの濃淡画像に対する画像処理のみで欠陥を正確に抽出することを可能にした木材の外観検査装置を提供するために、カメラにより撮像された濃淡画像が、画像処理装置に入力されて、一次候補抽出部は、複数の検査対象領域に区画されている木材の表面をラインセンサカメラにより撮像した濃淡画像を２値化し、一次欠陥候補領域を抽出する。二次候補抽出部は、着目する検査対象領域について木目と欠陥とを分離するように設定した、しきい値により濃淡画像を２値化し、二次欠陥候補領域を抽出する。欠陥抽出部は、二次欠陥候補領域を含む検査対象領域において二次欠陥候補領域に含まれる画素の濃淡値と二次欠陥候補領域の周辺の画素の濃淡値との差分を用いることによって欠陥を判別する方法が提案されている（特許文献４参照）。In the prior art, water is sprayed onto the inspected wood traveling at a predetermined speed to absorb water, the color density difference between the defective part and the non-defective part is increased, and the surface of the inspected wood is photographed with a TV camera, A defective portion is detected from the difference in light and shade. In order to provide a wood appearance inspection apparatus capable of accurately extracting defects only by image processing on a monochrome grayscale image, a grayscale image captured by a camera is input to an image processing apparatus, and a primary candidate is obtained. The extraction unit binarizes a grayscale image obtained by capturing the surface of the wood partitioned into a plurality of inspection target areas with a line sensor camera, and extracts a primary defect candidate area. The secondary candidate extraction unit binarizes the grayscale image with a threshold value set so as to separate the grain and the defect for the target inspection target region, and extracts the secondary defect candidate region. The defect extraction unit uses the difference between the gray value of the pixel included in the secondary defect candidate area and the gray value of the pixels around the secondary defect candidate area in the inspection target area including the secondary defect candidate area to detect the defect. A method for discrimination has been proposed (see Patent Document 4).
また木材の品質に影響を及ぼす木材表面の変色による欠陥部分の色分布を利用して正確に検出するために、撮影手段で木材のカラー撮影を行い、画像処理手段で前記撮影手段により撮影されたカラー画像の色分布を求め、該求めた色分布を予め定めた正常な木材の色分布と比較し、該求めた色分布が前記正常な木材の色分布から所定値以上離れたものを異常色分布とし、該異常色分布が前記撮影手段により撮影された木材面上での領域で所定値より大きいものを木材の欠陥として検出する方法が提案されている（特許文献５参照）。In addition, in order to accurately detect the color distribution of the defective part due to the discoloration of the wood surface that affects the quality of the wood, color photographing of the wood was performed by the photographing means, and the photographing means was photographed by the photographing means by the image processing means. A color distribution of a color image is obtained, the obtained color distribution is compared with a predetermined normal wood color distribution, and an abnormal color is detected if the obtained color distribution is more than a predetermined value from the normal wood color distribution. A method has been proposed in which an abnormal color distribution is detected as a wood defect when the abnormal color distribution is larger than a predetermined value in an area on the wood surface photographed by the photographing means (see Patent Document 5).
コンベヤ車間にベルト、チェーン等の無端環状体を巻き掛けてなるコンベヤにおいて該無端環状体が一つのコンベヤ車の外周に沿って円弧状をなすことにより形成される無端環状体の円弧状部の外方に案内手段を配設し、コンベヤ上を送られた木質板状体を該案内手段と該円弧状部との間を転動させることなく通過させることにより該木質板状体を表裏反転させるようにした木質板状体の表裏反転装置が提案されている（特許文献６参照）。In the conveyor formed by winding an endless annular body such as a belt or a chain between the conveyor wheels, the endless annular body is formed by forming an arc shape along the outer periphery of one conveyor vehicle. The guide means is arranged on the side, and the wood plate-like body fed on the conveyor is passed between the guide means and the arc-shaped portion without rolling, so that the wood plate-like body is turned upside down. There has been proposed a front / back reversing device for a woody plate-like body (see Patent Document 6).
被検査木材を所定速度で走行させるための走行手段と、前記走行手段によって移送される前記被検査木材の表面を撮影するための一次元テレビカメラと、前記一次元テレビカメラからの前記被検査木材表面の画像信号に基づいて、前記被検査木材の欠陥を検出するための欠陥検出手段とからなり、前記一次元テレビカメラは、前記被検査木材の走行方向と直交する方向に、前記被検査木材の幅の全長に亘って設けられている一次元テレビカメラによる木材の欠陥検出装置が提案されている（特許文献７参照）。 Traveling means for traveling the inspected wood at a predetermined speed, a one-dimensional television camera for photographing the surface of the inspected wood transferred by the traveling means, and the inspected wood from the one-dimensional television camera It comprises defect detection means for detecting a defect of the inspected wood based on the image signal of the surface, and the one-dimensional television camera has the inspected wood in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the inspected wood. A wood defect detection apparatus using a one-dimensional television camera provided over the entire length of the width is proposed (see Patent Document 7).
上記引用文献からは、木材において欠陥部の検査は種々あるが、食品に使用する蒲鉾板について板の両面の欠陥部を迅速に検査する方法は、並びに欠陥の位置において再利用可能な板も存在することもあり、これらを救済する方法についてはほとんど提案されていない。特に蒲鉾板のような木盤形状物の両面を迅速的に欠陥部の存在として判別して、さらに不良品を選別して、欠陥部でも再生可能な有効な材料を取り出しできるような装置に関するものは存在していない。From the above cited references, there are various inspections for defective parts in wood, but there is a method for quickly inspecting defective parts on both sides of a board used for food as well as a reusable board at the position of the defect. There have been few proposals on how to remedy these problems. In particular, the present invention relates to an apparatus capable of quickly discriminating both sides of a wooden board-like object such as a slab as the presence of a defective part, further sorting out defective products, and taking out an effective material that can be reproduced even in the defective part. Does not exist.
本発明は、従来の蒲鉾板の節、割れ、シミ、欠損などの欠陥部を検査する方法として、従来は人海戦術で行っていたが、人為的には相当な見落としもある問題点に鑑みて発明したものであって、全面的にカメラによって板面の欠陥部の見落としなくして、安価で安定した欠陥検出を行うことができる木材欠陥検出装置を提供することを課題とするものであり、更には単純な処理で欠陥を高速に正確に検出することができる蒲鉾板の欠陥検出装置を提供することを課題とするものである。 The present invention has been conventionally performed by human naval tactics as a method for inspecting defects such as nodes, cracks, spots, and defects of the conventional plate, but in view of the problem that there are considerable oversights artificially. It is an object of the present invention to provide a wood defect detection device that can perform defect detection stably at a low price without overlooking the defective portion of the plate surface entirely by the camera, It is another object of the present invention to provide a defect detection device for a plate that can accurately detect defects at high speed with a simple process.
上述した従来技術は、以下のような問題を有している。被検査蒲鉾板の裏表が一つの平面画像で処理することができるような片面の面積のものである場合、また大きな欠陥部の場合には問題はないが、食品の蒲鉾の木材を検査するような場合には、安全に、安定に全平面画像を微小欠陥部を見つけ出して処理するが必要となり、そのための画像処理と判定に時間がかかる。そのために高速度で欠陥を検出することができなかった。一つの平面画像で広範囲の画像を得ることも可能であるが、この場合には、画像内における被検査蒲鉾板の欠陥部の占める割合、あるいは箇所が小さくなって、欠陥の認識率が低下する。またこれら欠陥部の位置などで再利用も可能である場合も多い。その選別も十分に行われていなかった。The above-described prior art has the following problems. If the front and back sides of the inspection board are of one side that can be processed with a single flat image, or if there is a large defect, there will be no problem. In this case, it is necessary to safely and stably find and process a micro-defect on a whole plane image, and it takes time to perform image processing and determination. Therefore, the defect could not be detected at a high speed. Although it is possible to obtain a wide range of images with a single planar image, in this case, the ratio or location of the defect portion of the inspection board in the image becomes small, and the defect recognition rate decreases. . In many cases, it can be reused at the positions of these defective portions. The sorting was not performed sufficiently.
従って、この発明の目的は、木材の節、割れ、腐れ、汚れ等の欠陥を確実且つ高速度で自動的に検出することできる、二台のカメラの画像処理による蒲鉾板材の表裏の欠陥を明確に見出して、木目と欠陥の判別を可能にして、良品と欠陥品と再生可能部材の４区分に選別できるような構造になっている蒲鉾板の表面欠陥検出装置を提供することにあり、さらに蒲鉾板のような木盤形状物の両面を迅速的に欠陥部の存在として判別して、さらに不良品を選別して、欠陥部でも再生可能な有効な材料を取り出しできるような装置を開発することである。Therefore, the object of the present invention is to clearly detect defects such as knots, cracks, rotting, dirt, etc. on the front and back of the slab material by image processing of two cameras, which can automatically detect defects at high speed. It is to provide a surface defect detection device for a surface plate that has a structure that can be discriminated into four categories of non-defective product, defective product, and recyclable member. Develop a device that can quickly discriminate both sides of a wooden board-like object such as a slab as the presence of a defective part, further select defective products, and take out effective materials that can be reproduced even in defective parts. That is.
被検査の蒲鉾板を所定速度で走行させるための走行手段と、前記走行手段によって移送される前記被検査蒲鉾板の両表面を撮影するための照明照射付き一次カメラで表面状態の画像信号の記憶と、蒲鉾板を逆転して裏面を照明照射付き二次カメラで前記被蒲鉾板の裏面の画像信号の記憶に基づいて、前記被検査蒲鉾板の表裏面の欠陥部を検出するための欠陥検出手段とからなり、前記一次カメラと前記二次カメラの画像の解析は、前記被検査蒲鉾板の表面と裏面の両面の映像信号から欠陥部の有無を判定する手段と、被検査蒲鉾板の判定結果を選別する手段とを経て、欠陥部存在の被検査蒲鉾板において、再利用可能な部材の選別として、欠陥部の位置と無欠陥の面積を画像処理から判定して、欠陥部なし部材と、縦方向の先端部の一か所で、無欠陥部が被検査蒲鉾板の６０％以上の部材と、横方向の端部の一か所で、無欠陥部が被検査蒲鉾板の７０％以上の部材と、欠陥を所有する部材との４部材に選別できるようにしている蒲鉾板の欠陥検出装置である。 Storage of surface state image signals by a traveling means for traveling the inspection target plate at a predetermined speed, and a primary camera with illumination for photographing both surfaces of the inspection target plate transferred by the traveling means. And defect detection for detecting a defect portion on the front and back surfaces of the inspection board based on the storage of the image signal of the back surface of the board with a secondary camera with illumination on the back surface with the back surface reversed. The analysis of the images of the primary camera and the secondary camera comprises means for determining the presence / absence of a defect from the video signals on both the front and back surfaces of the inspection board, and determination of the inspection board As a result of selecting the reusable member in the inspection target board in the presence of the defective part through the means for selecting the result, the position of the defective part and the defect-free area are determined from the image processing, At one point in the vertical tip A member having a defect-free portion of 60% or more of the inspection board and a member having a defect-free portion of 70% or more of the inspection board at one end in the lateral direction and a member having a defect This is a defect detection device for a gutter plate that can be sorted into four members.
被検査の蒲鉾板における板面の表裏の欠陥部に対しての検査とその分別において、被検査の蒲鉾板を集積して順次検査部へ搬送させる機器部と、前記蒲鉾板を所定速度で移送される機器部と、第一次カメラで板面の表面画像を撮影する機器部と、被検査の蒲鉾板を反転させて裏面にする機器部と、第二次カメラで裏面画像を撮影する機器部と、これら第一次カメラと第二次カメラの画像を処理・解析して、欠陥箇所の有無の判定と欠陥部を持つ蒲鉾板で欠陥部の除去によって再利用可能な部材を判定する欠陥解析・判定処理機器部と、判定結果を基に４区分に選別できる機器部とからなる。In the inspection and classification of the defective parts on the front and back of the plate surface of the inspection plate, the device unit that accumulates the inspection plate and conveys it sequentially to the inspection unit, and transports the plate at a predetermined speed Equipment section, equipment section that captures the front image of the plate surface with the primary camera, equipment section that reverses the inspected board to make the back surface, and equipment that captures the back image with the secondary camera Defects that process and analyze images from these primary cameras and secondary cameras, and determine reusable members by determining the presence or absence of defective parts and removing defective parts with a plate with defective parts It consists of an analysis / determination processing device unit and a device unit that can be sorted into four categories based on the determination result.
複数の部材を表面に配列した被検査蒲鉾板において複数の検査対象領域に蒲鉾板の表面を照明によるカメラ撮像する撮像手段と、カメラ撮像手段により撮像された複数の検査対象領域を含む濃淡画像をしきい値により欠陥候補領域を抽出する一次候補抽出体の選別手段と、欠陥候補領域が抽出された着目する検査対象領域について前記濃淡画像から消去した木目と欠陥とを分離するように設定したしきい値により欠陥候補領域の周辺の画素の濃淡値との差分を用いて欠陥を判別する欠陥抽出手段とを備える。An imaging means for imaging a surface of a board with illumination on a plurality of inspection target areas in a target inspection board having a plurality of members arranged on the surface, and a grayscale image including a plurality of inspection target areas imaged by the camera imaging means The primary candidate extractor selecting means for extracting the defect candidate area based on the threshold value and the inspection target area from which the defect candidate area is extracted are set to separate the grain and the defect erased from the grayscale image. Defect extracting means for discriminating a defect using a difference from a gray value of pixels around the defect candidate area based on a threshold value.
前記被検査蒲鉾板の裏表で縦横の全面に亘って検査するにおいて、所定速度５〜３０ｍ／分で移送される検査蒲鉾板の表面を４２０ｎｍ〜５３０ｎｍの波長域の光によって１０〜１００ルックの照度で照明する照明手段と、照明手段で照明された検査蒲鉾板の全面の表面を撮像して、撮像信号を記憶する手段と、前記撮像手段で撮像された画像信号に基づいて検査表面での特定のしきり値を持つ欠陥を検出する処理手段とからなり、上記照明手段で検査蒲鉾板の検査面にＬＥＤ照明の前記波長域の光を照射して、前記倍率２〜１０の接写用カメラによって表裏の全面を撮像して、撮像された画像信号を上記処理手段における各画素の輝度情報を基に欠陥部を抽出している。Illumination of 10 to 100 looks on the surface of the inspection plate transferred at a predetermined speed of 5 to 30 m / min when inspecting the entire surface in the vertical and horizontal directions on the back and front of the inspection plate. Illuminating means for illuminating with, means for imaging the entire surface of the inspection board illuminated by the illuminating means, storing the imaging signal, and specifying on the inspection surface based on the image signal imaged by the imaging means And processing means for detecting a defect having a threshold value. The illumination means irradiates the inspection surface of the inspection plate with light in the wavelength range of the LED illumination, and the close-up camera with the magnification of 2 to 10 uses the front and back sides. The defective portion is extracted from the captured image signal based on the luminance information of each pixel in the processing means.
前記欠陥検出手段は、前記第一次カメラと前記第二次カメラからの前記画像信号を記憶し、このようにして記憶した前記画像信号から前記被検査蒲鉾板の表面と裏面との色彩における濃淡度の平均値を前記被検査用蒲鉾板毎に演算して、欠陥の判断基準となる基準の濃淡度を前記被検査用蒲鉾板毎に求めると共に、前記基準濃淡度を超える部分を欠陥として、その欠陥の大きさ、形状および分布状況等の欠陥判断データを前記被検査用蒲鉾板毎に求め、このようにして得られた前記欠陥判断データを、除去すべき欠陥を特定化するために予め記憶されている、欠陥の色の濃淡度、大きさ、分布状況等の比較判断データとを比較して、除去、並びに回収選別すべき欠陥を、検出・判別できるようになっている。The defect detection means stores the image signals from the primary camera and the secondary camera, and from the stored image signals, shades of colors on the front and back surfaces of the inspection board The average value of the degree is calculated for each inspection board, and the standard density that is a criterion for determining the defect is determined for each inspection board, and the portion exceeding the reference density is a defect, Defect determination data such as the size, shape, and distribution of the defect is obtained for each of the inspection plates, and the defect determination data obtained in this way is used in advance to specify the defect to be removed. It is possible to detect and discriminate defects to be removed and collected / sorted by comparing with comparison judgment data such as the color density, size, and distribution status of the stored defects.
記画像信号から前記被検査用蒲鉾板の表面と裏面で欠陥部の大きさと色の濃淡度の演算解析は、被検査蒲鉾板の検査枠を抽出して、その上で画像信号の記憶での検査蒲鉾板の木目を消込む操作を行って、それを基に残分の濃淡のしきい値の特定値を決めて、特定値以上の濃淡、大きさの場所を算出した後に、その大きさと場所の位置を特定しきい値との比較によって前記被検査蒲鉾板毎に、判別を行うようになっている。The calculation analysis of the size of the defect portion and the color density on the front and back surfaces of the inspection board is extracted from the recorded image signal by extracting the inspection frame of the inspection board and storing the image signal thereon. After performing the operation to erase the grain of the inspection board, determine the specific value of the threshold value of the remaining shade based on it, calculate the location of the shade and size greater than the specified value, The position of the place is discriminated for each inspection board by comparison with a specific threshold value.
所定速度で移送される検査蒲鉾板の表面を照明する照明手段と、照明手段で照明された検査蒲鉾板の表面を撮像する撮像手段と、前記撮像手段で撮像された画像に基づいて検査蒲鉾板表面の欠陥を検出する処理手段とからなり、前記照明手段のもとに上記処理手段は撮像された画像における各画素の輝度情報を基に欠陥部を抽出するもので上記照明照射は、検査木材蒲鉾板に全方向の光を前記蒲鉢板の検査面に対して高さ３０〜５０ｃｍの位置から１０〜１００ルックの照度で照明するもので、特定のしきい値以下の濃淡を示す輝度で、その濃淡を示す輝度値を有する領域の面積が所定値以上である領域を欠陥部領域として欠陥廃棄部材として選出する。Illumination means for illuminating the surface of the inspection board transferred at a predetermined speed, imaging means for imaging the surface of the inspection board illuminated by the illumination means, and the inspection board based on the image captured by the imaging means And processing means for detecting defects on the surface. Under the illumination means, the processing means extracts a defect portion based on luminance information of each pixel in the captured image. The illuminating plate illuminates light in all directions with a illuminance of 10 to 100 look from a position of 30 to 50 cm in height with respect to the inspection surface of the mortar plate. A region having a luminance value indicating the density is selected as a defect discarding member as a defective portion region.
前記被検査用蒲鉾板毎に演算解析した処理手段は、特定のしきい値の輝度の濃淡であり、その濃淡値を有する面積が所定値以上である領域を欠陥部として抽出し、該欠陥部を所有した所定領域部所において、再利用可能な部材の選別として、欠陥部の位置と無欠陥の面積を画像処理から判定して、縦方向の先端部の一か所で、無欠陥部が被検査用蒲鉾板の６０％以上の部材、及び横方向の先端部の一か所で、無欠陥部が被検査用蒲鉾板の７０％以上の部材を、選別する。The processing means that has been calculated and analyzed for each of the inspection plates is a brightness value of a specific threshold value, and an area having an area having the lightness value is a predetermined value or more is extracted as a defect part, and the defect part As the selection of reusable members, the position of the defective portion and the area of the defect-free area are determined from image processing, and the defect-free portion is A member having 60% or more of the inspection board and a member having a defect-free portion of 70% or more of the inspection board at one position in the lateral direction is selected.
前記被検査蒲鉾板は、大きさとして厚さ５〜１５ｍｍ、横３０〜６０ｍｍ、縦６０〜１８０ｍｍであって、１００〜２５０枚／分検査速度での画像処理によって欠陥の有無を検査して、４区分の部材に選別できるようにしている。The inspection plate is 5 to 15 mm in thickness, 30 to 60 mm in width, and 60 to 180 mm in length, and inspects for defects by image processing at an inspection speed of 100 to 250 sheets / minute, It can be sorted into 4 sections.
上記処理手段においては、
検査用蒲鉾板の表面に基づいて木目と欠陥部の識別ができるしきい値を用いて欠陥部を判定して、判定された欠陥部のうち、重複する箇所にある欠陥部を求め、更に重複する欠陥部のうちの最大の欠陥部を残して他の欠陥部を削除すること、
表面色むらの欠陥と判定する欠陥部の判定のしきい値において、所定の濃淡輝度値の輝度によって欠陥部を判定することで、欠陥部の輝度での濃淡分布において１個以上の濃淡輝度値の欠陥と判定すること、
所定の濃淡の輝度値を有する欠陥部を欠陥と判定するにおいて、所定の濃淡分布の輝度から所定の濃淡を超える輝度を持つものを欠陥と判定すること、
が可能な解析装置である。In the above processing means,
Determining a defective part using a threshold value that can identify a grain and a defective part on the basis of the surface of the inspection board, obtaining a defective part in an overlapping part among the determined defective parts, and further overlapping Removing other defective parts leaving the largest defective part of
By determining the defect portion based on the luminance of a predetermined gradation luminance value at the threshold value for determining the defect portion determined to be a surface color unevenness defect, at least one gradation luminance value in the gradation distribution at the luminance of the defect portion. Determining that
In determining a defect portion having a predetermined light and shade luminance value as a defect, determining a defect having a luminance exceeding a predetermined light and shade from the luminance of a predetermined light and shade distribution,
It is an analysis device that can.
本発明における装置において、被検査蒲鉾板の表面の色の濃淡度の平均値を、二台のカメラ撮影の画像信号から被検査木材毎に演算して欠陥の判断基準となる基準濃淡度を求め、この基準濃淡度を超える欠陥の大きさ、形状および分布状況等の欠陥判断データと、予め記憶されている、除去すべき欠陥を特定するための、欠陥の色の濃淡度、大きさ、分布状況等のしきい値との比較判断データとを比較することによって、除去すべき欠陥を確実且つ高速度で検出し、選別することができた。人の目による目視よりも蒲鉾板の検査が相当精度を向上させた。被検査蒲鉾板の表面の両面の欠陥を迅速に判別できて、欠陥品の選別と材料として再生可能な製品を取り出すことが可能になった。 In the apparatus according to the present invention, the average value of the color intensity of the surface of the inspection board is calculated for each inspection wood from the image signals of the two cameras to obtain the reference intensity that is a criterion for determining the defect. Defect judgment data such as the size, shape, and distribution status of defects exceeding the reference gray level, and the pre-stored gray level, size, and distribution of defect colors for specifying defects to be removed By comparing the judgment data with the threshold value such as the situation, it was possible to detect and sort out the defect to be removed reliably and at high speed. The inspection of the slats has improved considerably more accuracy than visual inspection by human eyes. It was possible to quickly discriminate defects on both sides of the surface of the inspection board, and to select defective products and take out products that could be recycled as materials.
本発明は、蒲鉾板の節、割れ、シミ、欠損などの欠陥部を検査するにあたり、二台のカメラによる画像処理によることから、検査用蒲鉾板の木材の検査面に４２０ｎｍ〜５３０ｎｍの波長域の光を照射して、正常部（良品部）と欠陥部とで欠陥部の高い画像のコントラストを得て、そのカメラ画像の解析から判別することができるものであり、このために照明の輝度とその画像を基に行う欠陥部の判定を良好に行うことができる。また微細な蒲鉾板の欠陥における検査も高速に処理して、蒲鉢板の有効部材を迅速に選別ができた。 Since the present invention is based on image processing by two cameras when inspecting a defect portion such as a node, crack, spot, or defect of a base plate, a wavelength region of 420 nm to 530 nm on the inspection surface of the wood of the inspection base plate The brightness of the illumination can be determined by obtaining a high-contrast image of the defective part between the normal part (non-defective part) and the defective part. Thus, it is possible to satisfactorily determine the defective portion based on the image. In addition, the inspection of fine defects in the mortar plate was processed at high speed, and the effective members of the mortar plate could be quickly selected.
また以下のように、被検査蒲鉾木材の表面を第一次カメラによって撮影することによって、裏面を第二次カメラにより、複数の平面画像を高速しかも短時間、迅速に処理するために、木目を持つ蒲鉾板の写真画像の処理時間が短縮され、それによって蒲鉾板の表裏両面の欠陥部を検査することで迅速に工業上有用な手段をもたらされて、欠陥部の見落としを少なくして、再利用可能な部材を拾い上げる効果がもたらされ、さらに短時間に欠陥蒲鉾板の検出が行えた。蒲鉾板の節、割れ、シミ、欠損などの欠陥部を持つ蒲鉾板製品を撲滅でき、さらに部分的欠陥品について、再利用が可能になった。In addition, as described below, the surface of the wood to be inspected is photographed with a primary camera, and the back surface is captured with a secondary camera so that a plurality of planar images can be processed quickly and quickly in a short time. The processing time of the photographic image of the mortar board is shortened, thereby quickly providing industrially useful means by inspecting the defective parts on both sides of the mortar board, reducing the oversight of the defective parts, The effect of picking up a reusable member was brought about, and the defective plate was detected in a shorter time. It has been possible to eradicate stencil products with defective parts such as stencils, cracks, spots, and defects, and to reuse partially defective products.
以下、本発明を添付図面に示す実施形態に基づいて説明すると、図１及び図２に示すように、蒲鉾板の欠陥検査装置の概略ブロック図であり、コンベアによって搬送される蒲鉾板の上方に少なくとも１台のカメラを配置するとともに、カメラ２による撮像範囲となる部分を照明する光源を配置してある。撮像手段である上記２台カメラから画像処理して欠陥を判別するものである。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on an embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, it is a schematic block diagram of a defect inspection apparatus for a plate, and is located above a plate conveyed by a conveyor. At least one camera is disposed, and a light source that illuminates a portion that is an imaging range by the camera 2 is disposed. Defects are determined by image processing from the two cameras serving as imaging means.
また被検査の蒲鉾板の板面の表裏の欠陥部の検査とその分別において、被検査の蒲鉾板の集積と検査部への搬送させた後、被検査の蒲鉾板を所定速度で走行させるための走行手段と、前記走行手段によって移送される前記被検査蒲鉾板の両表面を撮影するための照明照射付き第一次カメラで表面の画像信号と、蒲鉾板を逆転して裏面を照明照射付き第二次カメラからの前記被検査蒲鉾板表面の画像信号に基づいて、前記被検査蒲鉾板の欠陥を検出するための欠陥検出手段を設けた。Also, in inspecting and separating defective portions on the front and back of the plate surface to be inspected, and for sorting the inspected plate and transporting it to the inspection unit, to run the inspected plate at a predetermined speed The surface of the image signal and the back surface of the inspected board transported by the traveling means and the back side of the inspected board are illuminated by the primary camera. Defect detecting means for detecting a defect of the inspection board is provided based on an image signal of the inspection board surface from the secondary camera.
前記被検査蒲鉾板は、大きさとして厚さ１０ｍｍ、横５５ｍｍ、縦１０７ｍｍであって、２００枚／分検査速度での画像処理によって検査、選別できる蒲鉾板欠陥検出装置である。
図２，３に示すように、幅６７０ｍｍ、長さ２２０ｍｍの台上に、被検査の蒲鉾板の集積と検査部への搬送させる機器と、前記蒲鉾板を所定速度で移送される機器と、第一次検索カメラで表面画像を撮影する機器と、被検査の蒲鉾板を反転させて裏面にする機器と、第二カメラで裏面画像を撮影する機器と、これら第一次カメラと第二次カメラの画像を解析して、欠陥の有無の判定と欠陥部を持つ蒲鉾板で欠陥部の除去によって再利用可能な部材の判定が可能な解析機器と、判定結果を分別できる機器と、からなる蒲鉾板の欠陥検出装置であった。The inspection plate has a size of 10 mm, a width of 55 mm, and a length of 107 mm, and is a plate defect detecting device that can be inspected and selected by image processing at an inspection speed of 200 sheets / minute.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, on a table having a width of 670 mm and a length of 220 mm, an apparatus for stacking the board to be inspected and transporting the board to the inspection unit, an apparatus for transferring the board to a predetermined speed, A device that captures a front image with a primary search camera, a device that reverses the board to be inspected to make it back, a device that captures a back image with a second camera, and these primary camera and secondary It consists of an analysis device that can analyze the image of the camera, determine the presence or absence of a defect, determine a reusable member by removing the defective portion with a defective plate, and a device that can separate the determination result It was a defect detection device for a plate.
図１に示すように、上記装置において、被検査の蒲鉾板の集積と検査部への搬送させる機器は被検査の蒲鉾板の集積と検査部への搬送させた後、被検査の蒲鉾板を所定速度で走行させるための走行手段となり、第一次検索カメラで表面画像を撮影する機器は、前記走行手段によって移送される前記被検査蒲鉾板の両表面を撮影するための照明照射付き第一次カメラで表面の画像信号を取得する、第二カメラで裏面画像を撮影する機器は、蒲鉾板を逆転して裏面を照明照射付き第二次カメラからの前記被検査蒲鉾板表面の画像信号を取得するに基づいて、第一次カメラと第二次カメラの画像を解析して、欠陥の有無の判定と欠陥部を持つ蒲鉾板で欠陥部の除去によって再利用可能な部材の判定が可能な解析機器は、前記被検査蒲鉾板の欠陥を検出するための欠陥検出手段を設けた。As shown in FIG. 1, in the above apparatus, the equipment to be inspected for stacking the inspection board and transporting it to the inspection section is to collect the inspection baseboard and transport it to the inspection section. The device that is a traveling means for traveling at a predetermined speed and takes a surface image with the primary search camera is a first with illumination irradiation for photographing both surfaces of the inspection board transferred by the traveling means. The equipment that acquires the image signal of the front surface with the second camera and that captures the rear surface image with the second camera is the image signal of the surface of the inspection board surface from the secondary camera with the back surface illuminated by illuminating the back surface. Based on the acquisition, it is possible to analyze the images of the primary camera and the secondary camera, determine the presence or absence of a defect, and determine the reusable member by removing the defective part with a plate having the defective part The analysis equipment detects defects in the inspection plate. Defect detection means for providing.
前記被検査蒲鉾板の裏表で縦横の全面に亘って検査するにおいて、所定速度で移送される検査蒲鉾板の表面を照明する照明手段と、照明手段で照明された検査蒲鉾板の表面を撮像する撮像手段と、前記撮像手段で撮像された画像に基づいて検査表面での欠陥を検出する処理手段とからなり、上記照明手段は検査蒲鉾板の検査面に４２０ｎｍ〜５３０ｎｍの波長域の光を照射するものであり、上記処理手段は撮像された画像における各画素の輝度情報を基に欠陥部を抽出した。In inspecting the entire front and back of the inspection board, the illumination means for illuminating the surface of the inspection board transferred at a predetermined speed, and imaging the surface of the inspection board illuminated by the illumination means It comprises an imaging means and a processing means for detecting a defect on the inspection surface based on an image picked up by the imaging means, and the illumination means irradiates light in a wavelength range of 420 nm to 530 nm on the inspection surface of the inspection plate. The processing means extracts a defective portion based on the luminance information of each pixel in the captured image.
図４、及び図５に示すように、表面を上に向けて配列した被検査蒲鉾板において複数の検査対象領域に蒲鉾板の表面を照明によるカメラ撮像する撮像手段と、カメラ撮像手段により撮像された複数の検査対象領域を含む濃淡画像をしきい値により欠陥候補領域を抽出する一次候補抽出体の選別手段と、欠陥候補領域が抽出された検査対象領域について前記濃淡画像から消去した木目と欠陥とを分離するように設定したしきい値により欠陥候補領域の周辺の画素の濃淡値との差分を用いて欠陥程度を判別する欠陥抽出手段とを備えた。As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, in the inspection board arranged with the surface facing upward, the imaging means for imaging the surface of the inspection board by illumination in a plurality of inspection target areas, and the imaging by the camera imaging means The primary candidate extractor selecting means for extracting a defect candidate area from a grayscale image including a plurality of inspection target areas by using a threshold value, and the grain and defects erased from the grayscale image for the inspection target area from which the defect candidate areas are extracted And a defect extraction means for determining the degree of defect using a difference from the gray value of the pixels around the defect candidate region based on a threshold value set so as to be separated from each other.
前記欠陥検出手段は、前記第一次カメラと前記第二次カメラからの前記画像信号を記憶し、このようにして記憶した前記画像信号から前記被検査蒲鉾板表面と裏面との色の濃淡度の平均値を前記被検査蒲鉾板毎に演算して、欠陥の判断基準となる基準濃淡度を前記被検査蒲鉾板毎に求めると共に、前記基準濃淡度を超える欠陥の大きさ、形状および分布状況等の欠陥判断データを前記被検査蒲鉾板毎に求め、このようにして求めた前記欠陥判断データと、予め記憶されている、除去すべき欠陥を特定するための、欠陥の色の濃淡度、大きさ、分布状況等の比較判断データとを比較して、除去すべき欠陥を、その位置データと共に検出した。The defect detection means stores the image signals from the primary camera and the secondary camera, and the color shades of the front and back surfaces of the inspection plate from the stored image signals. Is calculated for each inspection board, and a reference gray level that is a criterion for determining defects is determined for each inspection board, and the size, shape, and distribution of defects exceeding the reference gray level Determining defect determination data such as for each inspection board, the defect determination data obtained in this way, and stored in advance, the density of the color of the defect to identify the defect to be removed, The defect to be removed was detected together with its position data by comparing with comparative judgment data such as size and distribution status.
記画像信号から前記被検査蒲鉾板表面と裏面との色の濃淡度の平均値を前記被検査蒲鉾板毎に演算解析は、被検査蒲鉾板の検査枠を抽出して、その上で検査板の木目の消込む操作を行って、それを基に残分の濃淡のしきい値の特定値を決めて、特定値以上の場所の算出した後に、大きさと場所から判定を行った。An arithmetic analysis of the average value of the color shades of the front and back surfaces of the inspection board from the image signal is performed for each inspection board, and an inspection frame of the inspection board is extracted, and then the inspection board The specific value of the threshold value of the remaining shade was determined based on the operation of erasing the grain of the wood, and after calculating the place above the specific value, the determination was made from the size and the place.
図４に示すように、被検査蒲鉾板の欠陥を検出するための欠陥検出手段における前記第一次カメラと前記第二次カメラの画像の解析は、前記被検査蒲鉾板の表面と裏面の両面の映像から欠陥部の有無を判定する手段、被検査蒲鉾板の判定結果を選別する手段を経て、欠陥部存在の被検査蒲鉾板において、再利用可能な部材の選別として、欠陥部の位置と無欠陥の面積を画像処理から判定して、縦方向の先端部の一か所で、無欠陥部が被検査蒲鉾板の６０％以上のもの、及び横方向の先端部の一か所で、無欠陥部が被検査蒲鉾板の７０％以上のものと、被検査蒲鉾板を、良品、縦救済品、横救済品、不良品との４部門に選別する方法にした。As shown in FIG. 4, the analysis of the images of the primary camera and the secondary camera in the defect detection means for detecting defects on the inspection board is performed on both the front and back surfaces of the inspection board. In order to select a reusable member in the inspection target board in the presence of a defective part, through the means for determining the presence / absence of a defective part from the image, and the means for selecting the determination result of the inspection target board, the position of the defective part and Determining the defect-free area from the image processing, at one point in the longitudinal direction, the defect-free part is 60% or more of the inspection board, and one point in the lateral direction, A method was adopted in which the defect-free portion was classified into four categories: a non-defective part of 70% or more of the inspection board, and the inspection board, a non-defective product, a vertical relief product, a lateral relief product, and a defective product.
所定速度で移送される検査蒲鉾板の表面を照明する照明手段と、照明手段で照明された検査蒲鉾板の表面を撮像する撮像手段と、前記撮像手段で撮像された画像に基づいて検査蒲鉾板表面の欠陥を検出する処理手段とからなり、上記照明手段は検査蒲鉾板の検査面に４２０ｎｍ〜５３０ｎｍの波長域の光を照射するものであり、上記処理手段は撮像された画像における各画素の輝度情報を基に欠陥部を抽出した。上記照明手段は、検査木材蒲鉾板に全方向の光を前記蒲鉾板の検査面に対して高さ３０〜５０ｃｍの位置から照明するもので、特定のしきい値以下の濃淡を示す輝度であり、且つその濃淡を示す輝度値を有する領域の面積が所定値以上である領域を欠陥領域として抽出した。Illumination means for illuminating the surface of the inspection board transferred at a predetermined speed, imaging means for imaging the surface of the inspection board illuminated by the illumination means, and the inspection board based on the image captured by the imaging means The illumination means irradiates the inspection surface of the inspection plate with light in a wavelength range of 420 nm to 530 nm, and the processing means is configured to detect each pixel in the captured image. Defects were extracted based on the luminance information. The illuminating means illuminates light in all directions from the position of 30 to 50 cm in height with respect to the inspection surface of the siding board, and has a luminance indicating lightness below a specific threshold value. And the area | region where the area of the area | region which has the luminance value which shows the shading is more than predetermined value was extracted as a defect area | region.
被検査の蒲鉾板の集積と検査部への搬送させた１００個の板の表面の濃淡を検査したところ、良品は８５％、縦方向の先端部の一か所で、無欠陥部が被検査蒲鉾板の６０％以上の縦再生救済品は５％、横方向の先端部の一か所で、無欠陥部が被検査蒲鉾板の７０％以上の横再生救済品は５％、不良品として５％であり、救済品は１０％、全く使用できないものが５％であった。When inspection of the density of the 100 plates transported to the inspection part and the density of the inspection board, the non-defective part is inspected at 85% for the non-defective product and at one point in the longitudinal direction. 5% for vertical relieving products of 60% or more of the plate, 5% for horizontal regenerating products with a defect-free portion of 70% or more of the inspection plate at one point in the horizontal direction, as defective It was 5%, 10% for relief products, and 5% for those that could not be used at all.
前記被検査蒲鉾板は、大きさとして厚さ９ｍｍ、横５０ｍｍ、縦１００ｍｍであって、１５０枚／分検査速度での画像処理によって検査、選別できる蒲鉾板欠陥検出装置である。
図２，３に示すように、幅６７０ｍｍ、長さ２２０ｍｍの台上に、被検査の蒲鉾板の集積と検査部への搬送させる機器と、前記蒲鉾板を所定速度で移送される機器と、第一次検索カメラで表面画像を撮影する機器と、被検査の蒲鉾板を反転させて裏面にする機器と、第二カメラで裏面画像を撮影する機器と、これら第一次カメラと第二次カメラの画像を解析して、欠陥の有無の判定と欠陥部を持つ蒲鉾板で欠陥部の除去によって再利用可能な部材の判定が可能な解析機器と、判定結果を分別できる機器と、からなる蒲鉾板の欠陥検出装置であった。The inspection plate is a plate defect detecting device having a thickness of 9 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a length of 100 mm, and can be inspected and selected by image processing at an inspection speed of 150 sheets / minute.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, on a table having a width of 670 mm and a length of 220 mm, an apparatus for stacking the board to be inspected and transporting the board to the inspection unit, an apparatus for transferring the board to a predetermined speed, A device that captures a front image with a primary search camera, a device that reverses the board to be inspected to make it back, a device that captures a back image with a second camera, and these primary camera and secondary It consists of an analysis device that can analyze the image of the camera, determine the presence or absence of a defect, determine a reusable member by removing the defective portion with a defective plate, and a device that can separate the determination result It was a defect detection device for a plate.
図１に示すように、上記装置において、被検査の蒲鉾板の集積と検査部への搬送させる機器は被検査の蒲鉾板の集積と検査部への搬送させた後、被検査の蒲鉾板を所定速度で走行させるための走行手段となり、第一次検索カメラで表面画像を撮影する機器は、前記走行手段によって移送される前記被検査蒲鉾板の両表面を撮影するための照明照射付き第一次カメラで表面の画像信号を取得する、第二カメラで裏面画像を撮影する機器は、蒲鉾板を逆転して裏面を照明照射付き第二次カメラからの前記被検査蒲鉾板表面の画像信号を取得するに基づいて、第一次カメラと第二次カメラの画像を解析して、欠陥の有無の判定と欠陥部を持つ蒲鉾板で欠陥部の除去によって再利用可能な部材の判定が可能な解析機器は、前記被検査蒲鉾板の欠陥を検出するための欠陥検出手段を設けた。As shown in FIG. 1, in the above apparatus, the equipment to be inspected for stacking the inspection board and transporting it to the inspection section is to collect the inspection baseboard and transport it to the inspection section. The device that is a traveling means for traveling at a predetermined speed and takes a surface image with the primary search camera is a first with illumination irradiation for photographing both surfaces of the inspection board transferred by the traveling means. The equipment that acquires the image signal of the front surface with the second camera and that captures the rear surface image with the second camera is the image signal of the surface of the inspection board surface from the secondary camera with the back surface illuminated by illuminating the back surface. Based on the acquisition, it is possible to analyze the images of the primary camera and the secondary camera, determine the presence or absence of a defect, and determine the reusable member by removing the defective part with a plate having the defective part The analysis equipment detects defects in the inspection plate. Defect detection means for providing.
前記被検査蒲鉾板の裏表で縦横の全面に亘って検査するにおいて、所定速度で移送される検査蒲鉾板の表面を照明する照明手段と、照明手段で照明された検査蒲鉾板の表面を撮像する撮像手段と、前記撮像手段で撮像された画像に基づいて検査表面での欠陥を検出する処理手段とからなり、上記照明手段は検査蒲鉾板の検査面に４２０ｎｍ〜５３０ｎｍの波長域の光を照射するものであり、上記処理手段は撮像された画像における各画素の輝度情報を基に欠陥部を抽出した。In inspecting the entire front and back of the inspection board, the illumination means for illuminating the surface of the inspection board transferred at a predetermined speed, and imaging the surface of the inspection board illuminated by the illumination means It comprises an imaging means and a processing means for detecting a defect on the inspection surface based on an image picked up by the imaging means, and the illumination means irradiates light in a wavelength range of 420 nm to 530 nm on the inspection surface of the inspection plate. The processing means extracts a defective portion based on the luminance information of each pixel in the captured image.
図４、及び図５に示すように、複数の部材を表面に配列した被検査蒲鉾板において複数の検査対象領域に蒲鉾板の表面を照明によるカメラ撮像する撮像手段と、カメラ撮像手段により撮像された複数の検査対象領域を含む濃淡画像をしきい値により欠陥候補領域を抽出する一次候補抽出体の選別手段と、欠陥候補領域が抽出された検査対象領域について前記濃淡画像から消去した木目と欠陥とを分離するように設定したしきい値により欠陥候補領域の周辺の画素の濃淡値との差分を用いて欠陥程度を判別する欠陥抽出手段とを備えた。As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, in the inspection target plate in which a plurality of members are arranged on the surface, an imaging unit that captures the surface of the vertical plate with a camera in a plurality of inspection target areas, and an image is captured by the camera imaging unit. The primary candidate extractor selecting means for extracting a defect candidate area from a grayscale image including a plurality of inspection target areas by using a threshold value, and the grain and defects erased from the grayscale image for the inspection target area from which the defect candidate areas are extracted And a defect extraction means for determining the degree of defect using a difference from the gray value of the pixels around the defect candidate region based on a threshold value set so as to be separated from each other.
前記欠陥検出手段は、前記第一次カメラと前記第二次カメラからの前記画像信号を記憶し、このようにして記憶した前記画像信号から前記被検査蒲鉾板表面と裏面との色の濃淡度の平均値を前記被検査蒲鉾板毎に演算して、欠陥の判断基準となる基準濃淡度を前記被検査蒲鉾板毎に求めると共に、前記基準濃淡度を超える欠陥の大きさ、形状および分布状況等の欠陥判断データを前記被検査蒲鉾板毎に求め、このようにして求めた前記欠陥判断データと、予め記憶されている、除去すべき欠陥を特定するための、欠陥の色の濃淡度、大きさ、分布状況等の比較判断データとを比較して、除去すべき欠陥を、その位置データと共に検出した。The defect detection means stores the image signals from the primary camera and the secondary camera, and the color shades of the front and back surfaces of the inspection plate from the stored image signals. Is calculated for each inspection board, and a reference gray level that is a criterion for determining defects is determined for each inspection board, and the size, shape, and distribution of defects exceeding the reference gray level Determining defect determination data such as for each inspection board, the defect determination data obtained in this way, and stored in advance, the density of the color of the defect to identify the defect to be removed, The defect to be removed was detected together with its position data by comparing with comparative judgment data such as size and distribution status.
記画像信号から前記被検査蒲鉾板表面と裏面との色の濃淡度の平均値を前記被検査蒲鉾板毎に演算解析は、被検査蒲鉾板の検査枠を抽出して、その上で検査板の木目の消込む操作を行って、それを基に残分の濃淡のしきい値の特定値を決めて、特定値以上の場所の算出した後に、大きさと場所から判定を行った。An arithmetic analysis of the average value of the color shades of the front and back surfaces of the inspection board from the image signal is performed for each inspection board, and an inspection frame of the inspection board is extracted, and then the inspection board The specific value of the threshold value of the remaining shade was determined based on the operation of erasing the grain of the wood, and after calculating the place above the specific value, the determination was made from the size and the place.
図４に示すように、被検査蒲鉾板の欠陥を検出するための欠陥検出手段における前記第一次カメラと前記第二次カメラの画像の解析は、前記被検査蒲鉾板の表面と裏面の両面の映像から欠陥部の有無を判定する手段、被検査蒲鉾板の判定結果を選別する手段を経て、欠陥部存在の被検査蒲鉾板において、再利用可能な部材の選別として、欠陥部の位置と無欠陥の面積を画像処理から判定して、縦方向の先端部の一か所で、無欠陥部が被検査蒲鉾板の６０％以上のもの、及び横方向の先端部の一か所で、無欠陥部が被検査蒲鉾板の７０％以上のものと、被検査蒲鉾板を、良品、縦救済品、横救済品、不良品との４部門に選別する方法にした。As shown in FIG. 4, the analysis of the images of the primary camera and the secondary camera in the defect detection means for detecting defects on the inspection board is performed on both the front and back surfaces of the inspection board. In order to select a reusable member in the inspection target board in the presence of a defective part, through the means for determining the presence / absence of a defective part from the image, and the means for selecting the determination result of the inspection target board, the position of the defective part and Determining the defect-free area from the image processing, at one point in the longitudinal direction, the defect-free part is 60% or more of the inspection board, and one point in the lateral direction, A method was adopted in which the defect-free portion was classified into four categories: a non-defective part of 70% or more of the inspection board, and the inspection board, a non-defective product, a vertical relief product, a lateral relief product, and a defective product.
所定速度で移送される検査蒲鉾板の表面を照明する照明手段と、照明手段で照明された検査蒲鉾板の表面を撮像する撮像手段と、前記撮像手段で撮像された画像に基づいて検査蒲鉾板表面の欠陥を検出する処理手段とからなり、上記照明手段は検査蒲鉾板の検査面に４２０ｎｍ〜５３０ｎｍの波長域の光を照射するものであり、上記処理手段は撮像された画像における各画素の輝度情報を基に欠陥部を抽出した。Illumination means for illuminating the surface of the inspection board transferred at a predetermined speed, imaging means for imaging the surface of the inspection board illuminated by the illumination means, and the inspection board based on the image captured by the imaging means The illumination means irradiates the inspection surface of the inspection plate with light in a wavelength range of 420 nm to 530 nm, and the processing means is configured to detect each pixel in the captured image. Defects were extracted based on the luminance information.
上記照明手段は、検査木材蒲鉾板に全方向の光を前記蒲鉾板の検査面に対して高さ３０〜５０ｃｍの位置から照明するもので、特定のしきい値以下の濃淡を示す輝度であり、且つその濃淡を示す輝度値を有する領域の面積が所定値以上である領域を欠陥領域として抽出した。The illuminating means illuminates light in all directions from the position of 30 to 50 cm in height with respect to the inspection surface of the siding board, and has a luminance indicating lightness below a specific threshold value. And the area | region where the area of the area | region which has the luminance value which shows the shading is more than predetermined value was extracted as a defect area | region.
被検査の蒲鉾板の集積と検査部への搬送させた１００個の板の表面の濃淡を検査したところ、良品は８５％、縦方向の先端部の一か所で、無欠陥部が被検査蒲鉾板の７０％以上の縦再生救済品は５％、横方向の先端部の一か所で、無欠陥部が被検査蒲鉾板の７０％以上の横再生救済品は５％、不良品として５％であり、救済品は１０％、全く使用できないものが５％であった。When inspection of the density of the 100 plates transported to the inspection part and the density of the inspection board, the non-defective part is inspected at 85% for the non-defective product and at one point in the longitudinal direction. Vertically relieved products with 70% or more of the plate are 5%, and horizontal relieved products with a defect-free portion of 70% or more of the plate to be inspected are 5% and defective at one point in the horizontal direction. It was 5%, 10% for relief products, and 5% for those that could not be used at all.
この発明の、第一カメラと第二カメラによる蒲鉾板の欠陥検出装置の一実施態様を、図面を参照しながら説明する。図１は、この発明による欠陥検出態様を示す概略斜視図である。
図５において、被検査用蒲鉾板を所定速度で走行させるための走行手段であり、コンベア等からなっている。被検査蒲鉾板において、図６に示すように欠陥であり、節、割れ、腐れをそれぞれ示す。走行手段によって移送される被検査蒲鉾板の表面と裏面とを撮影するための第一次カメラと第二次次カメラであり、照明付き固体撮像素子等の撮像素子からなっている。第一次カメラは、蒲鉾板の表面で、被検査用蒲鉾材の表面の走行方向と並行する方向に、被蒲鉾板の幅の全長に亘って撮影し、第二次カメラからの被蒲鉾板を反転させて裏面の画像信号に基づいて、被検査用蒲鉾板の表裏面の欠陥部を検出するための欠陥検出手段である。An embodiment of a defect detection device for a slab of a first camera and a second camera according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a defect detection mode according to the present invention.
In FIG. 5, it is a running means for running the board to be inspected at a predetermined speed, and comprises a conveyor or the like. In the inspection board, as shown in FIG. 6, it is a defect and shows a node, a crack, and decay. These are a primary camera and a secondary camera for photographing the front and back surfaces of the inspection board transferred by the traveling means, and are composed of an image sensor such as a solid-state image sensor with illumination. The primary camera shoots over the entire length of the board in the direction parallel to the traveling direction of the surface of the board to be inspected on the surface of the board, and the board from the secondary camera Is a defect detecting means for detecting a defective portion on the front and back surfaces of the inspection board based on the image signal on the back surface.
欠陥検出手段は、次のような機能を有している。第一次カメラからの画像信号を記憶する。第一次カメラによって被検査蒲鉾板の、例えば表面を撮影した場合、表面の全部の画像信号を記憶する。表面と同様に第二次カメラから裏面を撮影した場合、裏面の全部の画像信号を記憶する。第一次カメラと第二次カメラによって撮影すれば、両面と同時に欠陥部の検出が行えた。
このようにして両面の記憶した前記画像信号から被検査蒲鉾板の表面と裏面の色の濃淡度の平均値を被検査板毎に演算して、欠陥の判断基準となる基準濃淡度を被検査蒲鉾板毎に求めた。The defect detection means has the following functions. The image signal from the primary camera is stored. When, for example, the surface of the inspection board is photographed by the primary camera, all image signals of the surface are stored. When the back side is photographed from the secondary camera in the same manner as the front side, all image signals on the back side are stored. If the images were taken with the primary camera and the secondary camera, the defective part could be detected simultaneously with both sides.
In this way, the average value of the color density of the front and back surfaces of the inspection board is calculated for each board to be inspected from the stored image signals on both sides, and the reference density as a criterion for determining the defect is inspected. It calculated | required for every mortar board.
蒲鉾板においては、ベースの色の濃淡度の段階が、節の色の濃淡度の段階が、割れの色の濃淡度の段階が、腐れの色の濃淡度の段階があり、このときの濃淡度の平均値、即ち、基準濃淡度が３であったとすると、蒲鉾板においては、濃淡度が４を超える部分は、全て欠陥と判断された。このような場合において、蒲鉾板の基準濃淡度を一定と考えると、蒲鉾板の欠陥検出を行った場合には、蒲鉾板のベースの色の濃淡度の段階が特定のしきい値をもっているので、ベース部分も含めて全て欠陥と判断する。このような問題を無くすために、欠陥の判断基準となるしきい値の基準濃淡度を被検査蒲鉾板毎に演算した。In the slab, the base color lightness level, the knot color lightness level, the crack color lightness level, and the rotting color lightness level. Assuming that the average value of the degrees, that is, the reference gray level was 3, all the portions where the gray level exceeded 4 were determined to be defects on the slab. In such a case, assuming that the reference gray level of the base plate is constant, if the defect detection of the base plate is performed, the base color tone level of the base plate has a specific threshold value. All the defects including the base part are judged as defects. In order to eliminate such a problem, the reference gray level of the threshold value, which is a defect determination standard, was calculated for each inspection board.
このようにして求めたしきい値を基に前記基準濃淡度を超える欠陥の大きさ、形状および分布状況等の欠陥判断データを前記被検査用蒲鉾板毎に求め、このようにして求めた前記欠陥判断データと、予めしきい値を記憶されている、除去すべき欠陥を特定するための、欠陥の色の濃淡度、大きさ、分布状況等の比較判断データとを比較して、除去すべき欠陥を、その位置データと共に検出した。 Defect determination data such as the size, shape, and distribution status of defects exceeding the reference gray level based on the threshold value thus determined are determined for each of the inspection plates, and thus determined. Comparing the defect judgment data with the comparison judgment data, such as the density, size, distribution status, etc., of the defect color for specifying the defect to be removed, the threshold value being stored in advance A power defect was detected along with its position data.
また、欠陥検出手段は、前記基準濃淡度を超える欠陥の大きさ、形状および分布状況等の欠陥判断データを被検査用蒲鉾板毎に求め、このようにして求めた前記欠陥判断データと、予め記憶されている、除去すべき欠陥を特定するための、欠陥部の色の濃淡度、大きさ、分布状況等の比較判断データとを比較して、除去すべき欠陥を、その位置データと共に検出する。このようにして、被検査用蒲鉾板の欠陥が確実且つ高速度で検出された。Further, the defect detection means obtains defect judgment data such as the size, shape and distribution status of the defect exceeding the reference gray level for each inspection board, and the defect judgment data thus obtained, Compare the stored judgment data for identifying the defect to be removed, such as the color density, size, and distribution status of the defect, and detect the defect to be removed along with its position data. To do. In this way, defects in the inspection board were detected reliably and at high speed.
被検査の蒲鉾板の集積と検査部への搬送させた１００個の板の表面の濃淡を検査したところ、良品は８５％、縦方向の先端部の一か所で、無欠陥部が被検査蒲鉾板の７０％以上の縦再生救済品は５％、横方向の先端部の一か所で、無欠陥部が被検査蒲鉾板の７０％以上の横再生救済品は５％、不良品として５％であり、救済品は１０％、全く使用できないものが５％であった。When inspection of the density of the 100 plates transported to the inspection part and the density of the inspection board, the non-defective part is inspected at 85% for the non-defective product and at one point in the longitudinal direction. Vertically relieved products with 70% or more of the plate are 5%, and horizontal relieved products with a defect-free portion of 70% or more of the plate to be inspected are 5% and defective at one point in the horizontal direction. It was 5%, 10% for relief products, and 5% for those that could not be used at all.
１ 検査用蒲鉾板
２ 検査板集積部
３ 光源
４ 画像処理部（制御部）
５ 第一次カメラ
６ 第二次カメラ
７ 欠陥部
８ 表面
９ 裏面
１０ プッシャー
１１ 照明部
１２ 走行部（コンベアー）
１３ 反転装置
１４ 色の濃淡度（大きさ、分布）
１５ 濃淡
１６ 節、
１７ 割れ
１８ 腐れ
１９ シミ・ヤニ
２０ 画像解析
２１ 木目
２２ 輝度
２３ カメラ画像
２４ 光源
３１ 蒲鉾板を集積して順次検査部へ搬送させる機器部
３２ 蒲鉾板を所定速度で移送される機器部
３３ 第一次カメラで板面の表面画像を撮影する機器部
３４ 蒲鉾板を反転させて裏面にする機器部
３５ 第二次カメラで裏面画像を撮影する機器部
３６ 欠陥解析・判定処理機器部
３７ 判定結果を基に４区分に選別できる機器部
４１ 走行手段
４２ 欠陥検出手段
４３ 欠陥部の有無を判定する手段
４４ 判定結果を選別する手段
４５ 照明手段
４６ 欠陥を検出する処理手段
５０ 良品
５１ 欠陥不良品
５２ 救済品Ａ
５３ 救済品ＢDESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Inspection board 2 Inspection board integration part 3 Light source 4 Image processing part (control part)
5 Primary camera 6 Secondary camera 7 Defective part 8 Front 9 Back 10 Pusher 11 Illumination part 12 Traveling part (conveyor)
13 Inversion device 14 Color shade (size, distribution)
15 shade 16 verses,
17 Crack 18 Rot 19 Stain / Dye 20 Image Analysis 21 Grain 22 Luminance 23 Camera Image 24 Light Source 31 Equipment Unit 32 for Accumulating and Transferring the Plates to the Inspection Unit Equipment Unit 33 for Transferring Plates at a Predetermined Speed First Device unit 34 that captures the front surface image of the plate surface with the next camera Device unit 35 that reverses the side plate to make the back surface Device unit 35 that captures the back image with the secondary camera 36 Defect analysis / determination processing device unit 37 Equipment section 41 that can be classified into four categories based on traveling means 42 Defect detection means 43 Means for determining presence / absence of defective portion 44 Means for selecting determination results 45 Illumination means 46 Processing means for detecting defects 50 Non-defective product 51 Defect defective product 52 Relief Product A
53 Relief B
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016217625 | 2016-10-18 | ||
| JP2016217625 | 2016-10-18 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2018066717A JP2018066717A (en) | 2018-04-26 |
| JP6357617B2 true JP6357617B2 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
Family
ID=62087011
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017032671A Active JP6357617B2 (en) | 2016-10-18 | 2017-02-06 | Defect inspection equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6357617B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110052426A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-07-26 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 | Red cone log classification method based on Wood color |
| CN110142230A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-08-20 | 北京阿丘机器人科技有限公司 | A kind of method and device detecting open defect |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP7330076B2 (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2023-08-21 | サントリーホールディングス株式会社 | Conveyor and packing equipment |
| JP7477148B2 (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2024-05-01 | 不二精機株式会社 | Device for determining the accuracy of product names and identification codes displayed on food packaging sheets |
| CN114192438A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-18 | 安徽精研塑胶制品有限公司 | Machine vision-based high-speed plastic mould material sorting and packaging machine |
| JP2024000090A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2024-01-05 | 日立Astemo株式会社 | Defect inspection device and defect inspection method |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS593307A (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1984-01-10 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Apparatus for detecting knar of timber single board |
| JPH08145914A (en) * | 1994-11-16 | 1996-06-07 | Nakajima:Kk | Detecting equipment of defect of lumber by one-dimensional tv camera |
| JP2000118695A (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-04-25 | Morita Mokkosho:Kk | Upside-down reversing device for wood plate material |
| FI117575B (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2006-11-30 | Ekspansio Engineering Ltd Oy | Examination of the roughness of the wood surface |
| JP4704804B2 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2011-06-22 | 株式会社名南製作所 | Wood section exploration method, apparatus and program |
| JP4708904B2 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2011-06-22 | 株式会社名南製作所 | Wood inspection method, apparatus and program |
| JP4762272B2 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2011-08-31 | 院庄林業株式会社 | Method and apparatus for inspection of lumber products |
| WO2010008074A1 (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-01-21 | 瀬戸製材株式会社 | Wood management system |
| JP5086970B2 (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2012-11-28 | パナソニック株式会社 | Wood appearance inspection device, wood appearance inspection method |
| JP5520005B2 (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2014-06-11 | パナソニック株式会社 | Wood defect detection apparatus and method |
| JP2014215233A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2014-11-17 | 橋本電機工業株式会社 | Device for sorting and stacking and method of sorting and stacking veneer |
-
2017
- 2017-02-06 JP JP2017032671A patent/JP6357617B2/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110052426A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-07-26 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 | Red cone log classification method based on Wood color |
| CN110142230A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-08-20 | 北京阿丘机器人科技有限公司 | A kind of method and device detecting open defect |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2018066717A (en) | 2018-04-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6357617B2 (en) | Defect inspection equipment | |
| JP4704804B2 (en) | Wood section exploration method, apparatus and program | |
| JP5086970B2 (en) | Wood appearance inspection device, wood appearance inspection method | |
| JP5670915B2 (en) | Appearance inspection device | |
| JP2007132757A (en) | Visual examination method and device | |
| JP2009293999A (en) | Wood defect detector | |
| JP5354187B2 (en) | Traveling material surface quality judging device and surface quality judging method | |
| JP5654486B2 (en) | Appearance inspection device | |
| JP5520005B2 (en) | Wood defect detection apparatus and method | |
| JP2012181032A (en) | End face inspection method and end face inspection apparatus | |
| JP2009002764A (en) | Visual inspection method of laver and device therefor | |
| JP2007040913A (en) | Method, apparatus, and program for inspecting wood | |
| JP6623545B2 (en) | Inspection system, inspection method, program, and storage medium | |
| JP2013200157A (en) | Method and apparatus for inspecting end face | |
| JP5730616B2 (en) | End face inspection method and end face inspection apparatus | |
| JP3311880B2 (en) | Automatic detection device for fruits and vegetables injury | |
| JP7097642B1 (en) | Food inspection system, food inspection learning device and food inspection method | |
| KR20090121612A (en) | Method and apparatus for automatic detecting quality defects for corrugated board | |
| JPH08145914A (en) | Detecting equipment of defect of lumber by one-dimensional tv camera | |
| KR101071144B1 (en) | Automatic grading method of lumber | |
| JP5784406B2 (en) | Inspection method for processed products | |
| JP7318907B2 (en) | Veneer Judgment System and Veneer Judgment Method | |
| JP2005300174A (en) | Apparatus and method for inspecting package | |
| JP2013034496A (en) | Golf ball sorting machine | |
| KR101987472B1 (en) | Apparatus and method for detecting metal panel defects |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20170428 |
|
| A871 | Explanation of circumstances concerning accelerated examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A871 Effective date: 20170515 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20170901 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20170515 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20171027 |
|
| A975 | Report on accelerated examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971005 Effective date: 20171226 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20180116 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20180206 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20180327 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20180329 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6357617 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |