JP6347906B2 - ガソリン組成物の製造方法 - Google Patents
ガソリン組成物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6347906B2 JP6347906B2 JP2018052438A JP2018052438A JP6347906B2 JP 6347906 B2 JP6347906 B2 JP 6347906B2 JP 2018052438 A JP2018052438 A JP 2018052438A JP 2018052438 A JP2018052438 A JP 2018052438A JP 6347906 B2 JP6347906 B2 JP 6347906B2
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- hexene
- pentene
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- hemicellulose
- cellulose
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- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 61
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- ZQDPJFUHLCOCRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hexene Chemical compound CCC=CCC ZQDPJFUHLCOCRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229940094933 n-dodecane Drugs 0.000 description 4
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-LURJTMIESA-N 2-Hexanol Natural products CCCC[C@H](C)O QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YEWLVPDHCCERJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Re].[Ir] Chemical compound [Re].[Ir] YEWLVPDHCCERJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 normal paraffin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
- C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
- C10L2200/0423—Gasoline
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- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
- C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
本発明に係るガソリン組成物は、リグノセルロース系バイオマスに含まれるヘミセルロースから製造されるペンテン(以下、ヘミセルロース由来ペンテンという。)を含む。リグノセルロース系バイオマスは、主としてセルロース、ヘミセルロース、及びリグニンから構成されているバイオマスである。このようなリグノセルロース系バイオマスとしては、広葉樹、針葉樹、稲わら、麦わら、もみ殻、コーンストーバー、バガス、スイッチグラス、エリアンサス、ネピアグラス、及びススキのような農林資源、並びにそれらの廃棄物やエネルギー作物、それらに由来する木材チップ、木くず、パルプ類、及び古紙類なども挙げられる。リグノセルロース系バイオマスは、食糧生産と競合を起こさない植物由来の資源であり、食糧問題を生じない。また、本発明においては、ヘミセルロースから製造されるエタノールではなく、ヘミセルロースから製造されるペンテンをガソリン基材に混合してバイオ燃料とする。ヘミセルロース由来ペンテンは、エタノールのようにガソリン中の含有量に制限がないため、石油燃料の代替物として多く利用できる。
ヘミセルロース由来ペンテンは、例えば、リグノセルロース系バイオマスに含まれるヘミセルロースからペンタノールを製造し、製造したヘミセルロース由来のペンタノールを脱水することで得ることができる。ヘミセルロースからペンタノールは、Ir−Re(イリジウム−レニウム)系触媒の存在下且つヘミセルロースを分解する温度において、水相中のヘミセルロースを加水分解し糖化させるとともに水素化分解させ、これに液体の炭化水素からなる油相を加え溶解させることで、単一の反応容器内で効率良くペンタノールを得ることができる(特開2016−33129号)。
[触媒等の調製]
二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)(富士シリシア化学株式会社製「CARiACT G−6」)に塩化イリジウム酸(H2IrCl6)水溶液を滴下して、全体を湿潤させ、90℃程度で乾燥させた。かかる湿潤及び乾燥工程を繰り返して、触媒全体に対してIrが4質量%となるようにした。さらに、110℃で半日程度の乾燥を行った。次に、過レニウム酸アンモニウム(NH4ReO4)水溶液で同様の湿潤及び乾燥工程を繰り返して、ReのIrに対するモル比、すなわち[Re]/[Ir]を0.25〜3とするように二酸化ケイ素に担持させた。その後、空気雰囲気下で、500℃、3時間焼成して、Ir−ReOx/SiO2触媒を得た。
ヘミセルロースの主成分であるキシランには予めミル処理を施しておいた。かかるミル処理では、ボールミルのドラムにキシランとともにZrO2球を100個投入し、回転数を300rpmとし、2時間の粉砕を行った。なお、2時間以上粉砕すれば、得られるキシランは十分に粉砕される。
上記の方法で得た1−ペンタノール、2−ペンタノール、3−ペンタノールの少なくとも一つを含むヘミセルロース由来ペンタノール1.0重量部を、別の反応容器(前述のオートクレーブと同型)に導入し、溶媒としてトリデカンを10.0重量部、酸触媒としてゼオライト(HZSM−5)を0.2重量部添加し、室温で0.6MPaとなるように窒素を導入し、約20分で所定の反応温度180℃に昇温した。反応温度に達した直後の脱水反応生成物を分析した。その結果、1−ペンテン及び2−ペンテンを含むヘミセルロース由来ペンテンが得られた。
[触媒等の調製]
合成例1と同様にして、触媒等を調製した。
リグノセルロース系バイオマス由来のセルロースには予めミル処理を施しておいた。かかるミル処理では、ボールミルのドラムにセルロースとともにZrO2球を100個投入し、回転数を300rpmとし、2時間の粉砕を行った。なお、2時間以上粉砕すれば、得られるセルロースは十分に粉砕される。
上記の方法で得た1−ヘキサノール、2−ヘキサノール、3−ヘキサノールの少なくとも一つを含むセルロース由来ヘキサノール1.0重量部を、別の反応容器(前述のオートクレーブと同型)に導入し、溶媒としてトリデカンを10.0重量部、酸触媒としてゼオライト(HZSM−5)を0.2重量部添加し、室温で0.6MPaとなるように窒素を導入し、約20分で所定の反応温度180℃に昇温した。反応温度に達した直後の脱水反応生成物を分析した。その結果、1−ヘキセン、2−ヘキセン、及び3−ヘキセンを含むセルロース由来ヘキセンが得られた。
[触媒等の調製]
合成例1と同様にして、触媒等を調製した。
リグノセルロース系バイオマス由来のヘミセルロースの主成分であるキシランとリグノセルロース系バイオマス由来のセルロースには予めミル処理を施しておいた。かかるミル処理では、ボールミルのドラムにキシラン及びセルロースとともにZrO2球を100個投入し、回転数を300rpmとし、2時間の粉砕を行った。なお、2時間以上粉砕すれば、得られるキシラン及びセルロースは十分に粉砕される。
上記の方法で得た、1−ペンタノール、2−ペンタノール、3−ペンタノールの少なくとも一つを含むヘミセルロース由来ペンタノール及び1−ヘキサノール、2−ヘキサノール、3−ヘキサノールの少なくとも一つを含むセルロース由来ヘキサノール1.0重量部を、別の反応容器(前述のオートクレーブと同型)に導入し、溶媒としてトリデカンを10.0重量部、酸触媒としてゼオライト(HZSM−5)を0.2重量部添加し、室温で0.6MPaとなるように窒素を導入し、約20分で所定の反応温度180℃に昇温した。反応温度に達した直後の脱水反応生成物を分析した。その結果、1−ペンテン及び2−ペンテンを含むヘミセルロース由来ペンテン及び1−ヘキセン、2−ヘキセン、及び3−ヘキセンを含むセルロース由来ヘキセンが得られた。
表1に示される基材A〜Eを、表2〜4に記載の配合割合でベースガソリン(ベースRG1、ベースRG2)に混合し、実施例1〜9及び比較例1〜3に係るガソリン組成物を得た。得られたガソリン組成物の性状等を表2〜4に示す。ベースガソリンの性状も併せて表2に示す。表2〜4に示された性状等は、以下の方法によって測定した。
表5に示される基材F〜Iを、表6に記載の配合割合でベースガソリン(ベースRG3)に混合し、実施例10〜13に係るガソリン組成物を得た。得られたガソリン組成物の性状等を表6に示す。ベースガソリンの性状も併せて表6に示す。表6に示された性状等は、実施例1と同様に測定した。
Claims (2)
- リグノセルロース系バイオマスに含まれるヘミセルロースから得られたペンタノールを脱水して製造したヘミセルロース由来のペンテンを0.3〜10.0vol%混合する工程を含むことを特徴とするガソリン組成物の製造方法。
- 更に、セルロース由来のヘキセンを1.0〜23.0vol%混合する工程を含む請求項1に記載のガソリン組成物の製造方法。
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