JP6345906B2 - ディーゼル燃料への増粘性成分の使用 - Google Patents
ディーゼル燃料への増粘性成分の使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6345906B2 JP6345906B2 JP2010540106A JP2010540106A JP6345906B2 JP 6345906 B2 JP6345906 B2 JP 6345906B2 JP 2010540106 A JP2010540106 A JP 2010540106A JP 2010540106 A JP2010540106 A JP 2010540106A JP 6345906 B2 JP6345906 B2 JP 6345906B2
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/14—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding anti-knock agents, not provided for in subgroups F02M25/022 - F02M25/10
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/12—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with non-fuel substances or with anti-knock agents, e.g. with anti-knock fuel
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
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Description
“ターボ過給式ディーゼルエンジン”とは、通常、電子エンジン管理システムの制御下でターボ過給器を介して出力を供給する(powered)ディーゼルエンジンを意味する。
エンジントルクは、試験下のエンジンを動力とする車両の車輪により動力計上に加えた力から誘導してよい。好適には専用の器具(例えばKistlerTMPoaDynTM)を用いて、このような車両の車輪から直接、測定してよい。
増粘性成分は、ターボ過給式ディーゼルエンジンに対し、いずれの所定速度においても、特に低エンジン速度で、エンジンの出力又はトルク、装入空気圧及び/又は燃料の噴射容量を増大する目的で、使用してもよい。
本発明により製造した組成物に含まれるディーゼル燃料成分は、通常、密度(例えばASTM D−4502)が15℃で0.750〜0.900g/cm3、好ましくは0.800〜0.860g/cm3、及び/又はVK 40(40℃での動粘度、ASTM D445)が1.5〜6.0mm2/s(cSt)である。密度及び粘度は、芳香族及びパラフィン含有量が類似の組成物によって、蒸留物燃料に対し強力に相関される。これは、所望通りに増大又は低下した粘度によりディーゼル燃料成分を選択することは、密度の対応する上昇又は低下を包含する(imply)傾向があることを意味する。
この組成物には、当該技術分野で公知のように、例えば後述するような添加剤を添加してよい。
増粘性成分は、特にフィッシャー・トロプシュ誘導燃料成分、油、及びそれらの混合物から選択してよい。
n(CO+2H2)=(−CH2−)n+nH2O+熱
に転化させる。所望ならば、2:1以外の水素:一酸化炭素比を採用してよい。
鉱油は、好適には鉱物潤滑油及び鉱物プロセス油から選択される。
増粘性成分は、植物油、例えば獣脂(tallow)油、菜種油、パーム油又は大豆油であってよい。
増粘性成分のVK 40(ASTM D−445)は2〜500mm2/s(cSt)、好ましくは3.5〜500mm2/s(cSt)、更に好ましくは10〜200mm2/s(cSt)、なお更に好ましくは8、10又は20〜100mm2/s(cSt)の範囲が好ましい。
増粘性成分の15℃での密度(ASTM D−4502)は、0.750〜0.980g/cm3、例えば0.750〜0.850g/cm3又は0.770〜0.820g/cm3であってよい。幾つかの場合、15℃での密度は0.800〜0.950g/cm3、更に好ましくは0.820〜0.915g/cm3であってよい。
a)ディーゼル燃料 90〜95%及び高度に精製した鉱物プロセス油又は潤滑油として増粘性成分 5〜10%、又は
b)ディーゼル燃料 5〜50%及びXtL成分として増粘性成分 50〜95%、又は
c)ディーゼル燃料 2〜50%及び増粘性成分 50〜98%(但し、増粘性成分は、高度に精製した鉱物プロセス油又は潤滑油 15〜40%とXtL成分 40〜85%との混合物である)
洗浄剤含有ディーゼル燃料添加剤は公知で市販されている。
燃料組成物中の合計添加剤含有量は、好適には50〜10000ppmw、好ましくは5000ppmw未満であってよい。
本発明では密度増大性成分は、ディーゼル燃料組成物に5〜80%v/vの濃度で使用できる。
本発明では、前述の目的でディーゼル燃料組成物に2種以上の増粘性成分を使用できる。
本発明の各局面の好ましい特徴は、他の局面のいずれかと関連して説明したとおりであってよい。
以下の実施例は、本発明により製造したディーゼル燃料組成物の特性を説明し、ターボ過給式ディーゼルエンジンの性能に対する効果を評価する。
これらの実験で或る範囲のエンジン速度に亘ってターボ過給式ディーゼルエンジンの加速性能に対する燃料の粘度及び密度の効果を調査し、こうして本発明をどのように使用して、低速度性能を向上できたかを示す。
燃料A:スウェーデンクラス1ディーゼルベース燃料(Shellから;密度=0.811g/cm3、VK 40=1.95mm2/s(cSt))41.2リットルを、XHVI 5.2(エキストラ高粘度指数基油;Shellから;密度=0.81g/cm3、VK 40(通常)=4.8mm2/s(cSt))25.8リットル、ShellsolTMA(Shellから;密度=0.875g/cm3、VK 40(通常)=0.76mm2/s(cSt))13.0リットル及びParadyneTM655潤滑剤(Paraminsから)16.4gとブレンドした。
これら3種の燃料の特性を下記表1にまとめた。
車両選択法の一部として、装入空気圧、噴射容量、コモンレール圧、噴射時期及びエンジン速度が全て、車載診断(on-boad diagnostic)(OBD)器具を用いてエンジン管理システム(EMS)から確実に記録できるように、チェックを行った。
毎日の試験順序=ABCBCA−CABABC
この燃料試験順序を用いて、下記表3の実験計画に従って試験を終了した。
・表4及び5は、エンジンの出力(power output)及びトルクが3種の燃料A、B及びCの各場合、トヨタTMエンジン及びVauxhallTMエンジンのそれぞれに対し、エンジン速度によりどのように変化したかを示す。
・表6及び7は、装入空気圧(増幅圧)が同じく3種の燃料A、B及びCの各場合、トヨタTMエンジン及びVauxhallTMエンジンのそれぞれに対し、エンジン速度によりどのように変化したかを示す。
・表8及び9は、燃料噴射容量/量が同じく3種の燃料A、B及びCの各場合、トヨタTMエンジン及びVauxhallTMエンジンのそれぞれに対し、エンジン速度によりどのように変化したかを示す。
*(実験4のBは、試験中、再生事象(event)に入るEMSのため、分析に含まれなかった)
トヨタTM高速度範囲出力データの線状回帰分析から、下記表17に示す結果が得られた。
VauxhallTMエンジンについても、単に高速度範囲のデータだけで判断し、下記表18に、分析に使用したデータを示す。
VauxhallTM高速度出力データについての線状回帰分析から、表19に示す結果が得られた。
ターボ過給ユニット噴射器ディーゼルエンジン及びBoschTMEMSを備えたAudiTM車に対し、実施例1と類似の実験を行った。
2種の燃料組成物:燃料D及びEを試験した。燃料Dは、EN−590ディーゼル燃料規格の下端にそれぞれ規定された40℃での粘度(ASTM D−445)2.0mm2/s(cSt)及び15℃での密度(ASTM D−4052)0.821g/cm3を有し、燃料Dは、EN−590ディーゼル燃料規格の下端にそれぞれ規定された40℃での粘度4.0mm2/s(cSt)及び15℃での密度0.845g/cm3を有する。これらの組成物は下記のように配合したものである。
実施例1と類似の実験を、別のターボ過給式車両に対して行った。
a)回転式分配ポンプBoschTM噴射システムを備えたVolkswagenTMPassatTM2.5 V6 TDI(2004年に最初に登録);
b)コモンレールディーゼルエンジン及びBoschTMEMSを備えたGMTMCorsaTM1.3CDTI(2005年に最初に登録);及び
c)コモンレールディーゼルエンジン及びBoschTMEMSを備えたBMWTM320D SE(2004年に最初に登録)。
Claims (6)
- ディーゼル燃料組成物が導入されるか、又は導入されるべきであるターボ過給式ディーゼルエンジン又はこのようなエンジンを動力とする車両のエンジン速度を低下させる目的で、この場合エンジン速度が1200〜1900rpmで加速する際、ターボ過給器がその最大速度に達する、
または、エンジン速度が1200〜1900rpmで加速する際、ターボ過給器がその最大速度に達するのにかかる時間を短縮する目的で、 ディーゼル燃料組成物に増粘性成分を使用する方法であって、該増粘性成分が、鉱油(13.6mm 2 /s(cSt))、フィッシャー・トロプシュ誘導(GtL)ディーゼル燃料(3.497mm2/s(cSt))、及び高沸点ディーゼルベース燃料(4.01mm2/s(cSt))からなる群から選択される方法。 - 前記エンジンの加速性能の劣化を少なくとも或る程度まで緩和する目的である請求項1に記載の使用方法。
- 使用した増粘性成分を含む前記ディーゼル燃料組成物の40℃での動粘度(VK 40)が、2.8mm2/s(cSt)以上である請求項1または2に記載の使用方法。
- 前記ディーゼル燃料組成物に、前記増粘性成分と共に、密度増大性成分が使用される請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の使用方法。
- 前記密度増大性成分が、高密度ディーゼル燃料成分、油、および高密度製油所流から選択される、請求項4に記載の使用方法。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の目的でターボ過給式ディーゼルエンジンに増粘性成分含有ディーゼル燃料組成物を導入する工程を含むターボ過給式ディーゼルエンジン及び/又はこのようなエンジンを動力とする車両の操作方法であって、該増粘性成分が、鉱油(13.6mm 2 /s(cSt))、フィッシャー・トロプシュ誘導(GtL)ディーゼル燃料(3.497mm2/s(cSt))、及び高沸点ディーゼルベース燃料(4.01mm2/s(cSt))からなる群から選択される方法。
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WO2013135912A1 (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-19 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Use of a viscosity improver |
EP3022278B1 (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2018-06-13 | Shell International Research Maatschappij B.V. | High power fuel compositions |
US10407637B2 (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2019-09-10 | Shell Oil Company | Fuel composition |
JP6614409B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-29 | 2019-12-04 | 株式会社スリーボンド | スクリーン印刷用粘着剤組成物 |
JP2019516849A (ja) * | 2016-05-23 | 2019-06-20 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイShell Internationale Research Maatschappij Besloten Vennootshap | 自動車燃料組成物中におけるワックス沈降防止添加剤の使用 |
DE102016010179B4 (de) * | 2016-08-19 | 2023-07-06 | Dürr Somac GmbH | Handlingsystem für eine Befüllanlage |
EP3441595B1 (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2021-04-14 | Vitesco Technologies GmbH | Method to adjust a control parameter of a fuel combustion engine |
US10378462B1 (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-13 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Heat exchanger configuration for adsorption-based onboard octane on-demand and cetane on-demand |
US12027707B2 (en) | 2019-01-25 | 2024-07-02 | Shell Usa, Inc. | Electric energy storage device |
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