JP6329382B2 - Excavation bucket and excavation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an excavation bucket used in an excavation apparatus for excavating the ground and an excavation method using the excavation bucket, and in particular, an excavation blade is provided at the lower end of a hollow bucket body connected to a kelly bar of the excavation apparatus. The present invention relates to an excavating bucket provided with a bucket claw that can be opened and closed on the inside of the bucket body.

  Conventionally, in the cast-in-place pile method or the like, a drilling bucket is detachably attached to the lower end of a rotary drive shaft (kelly bar) of a drilling device such as an earth drill machine, and the ground is excavated using the drilling bucket.

  As this excavation bucket, there is known a configuration in which an excavation blade is provided at the lower end of a hollow cylindrical bucket main body, and a bucket claw is provided on the bucket main body so as to be opened and closed toward the inside of the bucket main body (for example, (See Patent Document 1).

  And conventionally, the ground is excavated in a cylindrical shape by the excavating blade of the excavating bucket by rotating the rotary drive shaft, and then the ground excavated in a cylindrical shape by closing the bucket pawl toward the inside of the bucket body Is held inside the bucket body, and then the excavation bucket is lifted to the ground, and the excavated ground is discharged by opening the bucket pawl. By repeating this, the ground is excavated to a predetermined depth.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-60186

  However, in the conventional excavation bucket, the excavated ground is excavated in a cylindrical shape by the excavation blade of the excavation bucket, so that the excavated ground is not divided in the horizontal direction, and the excavated ground is held well even if the bucket pawl is closed. It was difficult to raise.

  Therefore, the conventional excavation method using an excavation bucket cannot excavate the ground smoothly.

Therefore, in the present invention according to claim 1, the excavator blade is provided at the lower end of the hollow bucket body connected to the kelly bar of the excavator, and the bucket pawl is provided on the bucket body so that the bucket pawl can be opened and closed. in the bucket has decided to have a cutting means for cutting horizontally cylindrical ground drilled around in digging edge.

Moreover, in this invention which concerns on Claim 2, in this invention which concerns on the said Claim 1, the said cutting | disconnection means cut | disconnects for cutting the said ground horizontally by moving toward the center part of a bucket main body horizontally The blade was accommodated in the range of the excavating blade that protruded from the outer peripheral edge of the bucket body toward the center .

  Moreover, in this invention which concerns on Claim 3, after excavating the ground with the excavation blade provided in the lower end of the bucket main body connected to the kelly bar of an excavator, the ground excavated with the bucket nail | claw provided in the bucket main body so that opening and closing is possible is hold | maintained In the excavation method for discharging to the ground, after excavating the ground with the excavating blade, the ground excavated with the excavating blade is cut with the cutting blade provided on the bucket body.

  And in this invention, there exists an effect described below.

  That is, in the present invention, in the excavation bucket provided with the excavation blade at the lower end of the hollow bucket body connected to the kelly bar of the excavator, and provided in the bucket body so that the bucket pawl can be opened and closed toward the inside of the bucket body, Since it is supposed to have cutting means for cutting the ground excavated with the excavating blade, the ground excavated by cutting the ground using the cutting means can be held well with the bucket claws and pulled up, The ground can be excavated smoothly.

  In particular, when the cutting blade can be moved toward the center side of the bucket body in conjunction with the pressing operation or pulling operation of the kelly bar, between the ground where the excavator is disposed and the ground where the excavation bucket is disposed It is not necessary to provide a hydraulic circuit for moving the cutting blade between them, and the occurrence of a failure or the like can be prevented.

The top view which shows the excavation bucket which concerns on this invention. The same side view. FIG. FIG. The same operation explanatory drawing (at the time of Kelever press operation, (a) plane sectional view, (b) side sectional view). The same operation explanatory drawing (at the time of Keriba pulling operation).

  Hereinafter, a specific configuration of the excavation bucket according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The excavation bucket according to the present invention is detachably attached to the lower end of a kelly bar (rotary drive shaft) of a drilling device such as an earth drill machine used in a conventionally known cast-in-place pile method. The excavation bucket is rotated together with the rotation of the excavator to excavate the ground.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the excavation bucket 1 is connected to a kelly bar capable of normal rotation (clockwise in a plan view) and reverse rotation (counterclockwise in a plan view) and capable of pressing (lowering) and pulling (upward). A hollow cylindrical bucket body 3 is connected to a prismatic drive shaft 2 via an interlocking mechanism 4, and excavation means 5 for excavating the ground into the bucket body 3 and cutting means 6 for cutting the excavated ground and cutting. And holding means 7 for holding the ground.

  The bucket body 3 has an annular plate-like lid 9 attached to an upper opening of a hollow cylindrical body 8. The body 8 is formed with a plurality (four in this case) of openings 10 penetrating inward and outward at intervals in the circumferential direction and provided with excavation means 5 at the lower end. The lid 9 is provided with the interlocking mechanism 4 at the top. The bucket body 3 is configured to accommodate the ground excavated by the excavating means 5 in the hollow portion.

  The interlocking mechanism 4 attaches a disk-shaped pressing plate 11 projecting in the horizontal direction to the lower end portion of the drive shaft 2, and attaches a cylindrical inner shaft 12 to the lower end portion of the driving shaft 2 via the pressing plate 11. It is installed. In addition, the interlocking mechanism 4 is provided with a cylindrical middle shaft 13 on the outer peripheral portion of the inner shaft 12 so as to be able to rotate and lift, and a cylindrical outer shaft 14 is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the middle shaft 13 so as to be able to rotate and lift. . A cutting means 6 is interlocked to the pressing plate 11. The inner shaft 12 and the middle shaft 13 are passed through the central portion of the annular lid body 9 of the bucket body 3. A disc-shaped lifting plate 15 that moves up and down along the inner peripheral portion of the bucket body 3 is attached to the lower end portion of the middle shaft 13. An upper portion of the lid body 9 of the bucket body 3 is attached to the lower end portion of the outer shaft 14.

  This interlocking mechanism 4 interlocks with the rotation (forward rotation or reverse rotation) and the elevation (pressing or pulling) of the drive shaft 2 (Keriba) in a state where the bucket body 3 is stationary in the ground during excavation. Thus, the inner shaft 12, the middle shaft 13, and the outer shaft 14 are configured to operate.

  That is, when the inner shaft 12 is rotated forward along with the forward rotation of the drive shaft 2, the interlock mechanism 4 also rotates the middle shaft 13 and the outer shaft 14 forward in conjunction with the forward rotation of the inner shaft 12. The bucket body 3 is configured to rotate forward along with the forward rotation.

  On the other hand, when the inner shaft 12 is rotated in reverse with the reverse rotation of the drive shaft 2, the interlocking mechanism 4 rotates in the reverse direction from a reference angle to a first predetermined angle (for example, 0 degrees to 30 degrees). In the meantime, the inner shaft 12, the middle shaft 13 and the outer shaft 14 are integrally lowered or raised in conjunction with the pressing or pulling of the drive shaft 2, and the bucket body 3 is also lowered or raised accordingly. . In addition, while the inner shaft 12 reverses from the first predetermined angle to the second predetermined angle (for example, 30 to 60 degrees), the inner shaft 12, the middle shaft 13, and the outer shaft are interlocked with the pulling of the drive shaft 2. 14 and the bucket body 3 are also raised together, but only the inner shaft 12 is lowered in conjunction with the pressing of the drive shaft 2, and the pressing plate 11 is stationary accordingly. The bucket body 3 is lowered with respect to the state. In a state where the drive shaft 2 is pressed, the inner shaft 12, the middle shaft 13 and the outer shaft 14 are rotated forward or backward in conjunction with the forward or reverse rotation of the drive shaft 2, and the bucket body 3 is rotated forward or backward. ing. Further, while the inner shaft 12 is reversed from the second predetermined angle to the third predetermined angle (for example, 60 degrees to 90 degrees) (without being pressed or pulled), the inner shaft 12 is interlocked with the tension of the drive shaft 2. Only the inner shaft 12 and the middle shaft 13 are raised, and accordingly, the lifting plate 15 is raised with respect to the stationary bucket body 3. While the inner shaft 12 is reversely rotated from the second predetermined angle to the third predetermined angle, only the inner shaft 12 may be lowered in conjunction with the raising of the drive shaft 2, or the inner shaft 12, the middle shaft 13 and the outer shaft 14 may be integrally lowered. When the inner shaft 12 is reversed more than the third predetermined angle, the middle shaft 13 and the outer shaft 14 are also reversed in conjunction with the reverse rotation of the inner shaft 12, and the bucket body 3 is reversed as the outer shaft 14 is reversed. Like to do. In the above description, when the bucket body 3 is lowered, an upward reaction force is applied to the bucket body 3 in the ground, so the bucket body 3 does not actually descend in the ground, but the bucket in the ground. The stationary state is maintained only by the force acting in the direction in which the main body 3 descends.

  In this interlock mechanism 4, for example, a rectangular convex key 16 provided on the outer peripheral portion of the inner shaft 12 is accommodated in a key groove 17 having a predetermined concave shape formed on the inner peripheral portion of the inner shaft 13. And a rectangular convex key 18 provided on the outer peripheral portion of the intermediate shaft 13 is accommodated in a key groove 19 having a predetermined concave shape formed on the inner peripheral portion of the outer shaft 14, and the intermediate shaft 13 and the outer shaft 14 are accommodated. Can be suitably formed by fitting them together.

  The excavating means 5 has a plurality (24 in this case) of excavating blades 20 attached to the lower end portion of the body 8 of the bucket body 3 at intervals in the circumferential direction. The excavation blade 20 projects in the radial direction (reverse direction) from the outer peripheral edge of the body 8 toward the center. The excavating means 5 excavates the ground into a cylindrical shape with the excavating blade 20. The columnar ground whose periphery is excavated by the excavating blade 20 is accommodated in the hollow portion of the bucket body 3.

  The cutting means 6 is arranged on the inner peripheral portion of the lower end of the body 8 of the bucket body 3 so that the arc-shaped cutting blade 21 along the inner peripheral surface of the body 8 can be moved (turned) toward the center of the bucket body 3. Has been established. The cutting blade 21 is interlocked and connected to the pressing plate 11 via a drive mechanism 22.

  The drive mechanism 22 has a hydraulic drive piston 23 that extends vertically on the top of the lid 9 of the bucket body 3. In the drive piston 23, the upper end of the piston rod 24 that moves up and down is brought into contact with the lower surface of the pressing plate 11 so as to be freely contacted and separated, and is urged upward by a spring 25. As a result, the piston rod 24 descends as the pressing plate 11 descends to press the hydraulic oil, and then the piston rod 24 rises (returns to a predetermined position) as the pressing plate 11 ascends. Pull. The drive piston 23 is connected to a hydraulic cylinder 26 extending left and right with a base end rotatably attached to the upper portion of the lid 9 via a hydraulic hose or the like. The cylinder 26 expands and contracts with hydraulic oil that is pressed or pulled by the drive piston 23. An upper end portion of a drive shaft 29 that is rotatably supported by a body 8 of the bucket body 3 by a hollow cover 28 is connected to an end of a cylinder rod 27 that expands and contracts to the left and right of the cylinder 26 via an arm 30. Yes. Further, the base end portion of the cutting blade 21 is connected to the lower end portion of the drive shaft 29. Thus, as shown in FIG. 5, when the cylinder 26 is extended by the drive piston 23, the drive shaft 29 rotates to move the tip of the cutting blade 21 toward the center of the bucket body 3, while the drive piston When the cylinder 26 is contracted at 23, the drive shaft 29 rotates in the opposite direction to move the tip of the cutting blade 21 from the center of the bucket body 3 toward the inner periphery. The cutting blade 21 and the drive shaft 29 are accommodated in the inner peripheral portion of the body 8 within the range of the excavating blade 20 projecting in the radial direction (reverse direction) from the outer peripheral edge of the body 8 toward the center. This prevents the ground from directly colliding and damaging during excavation.

  The cutting means 6 rotates the bucket body 3 and moves the tip of the cutting blade 21 toward the center of the bucket body 3, so that the cutting ground 21 is used to cut the cylindrical ground whose periphery has been excavated by the cutting blade 20. Can be cut horizontally.

  The holding means 7 rotatably attaches the upper end portion of the bucket pawl 31 to each opening 10 formed in the body 8 of the bucket body 3. The bucket pawl 31 is interlocked and connected to the lift plate 15 via a drive mechanism 32.

  The drive mechanism 32 rotatably attaches the upper end of the drive rod 33 to the outer peripheral portion of the lower surface of the elevating plate 15, and rotatably attaches the lower end of the drive rod 33 to the inner peripheral tip of the bucket pawl 31. . As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, each bucket pawl 31 opens and closes inside the bucket body 3 by raising and lowering the drive rod 33 as the elevator plate 15 moves up and down. In the closed state, the bucket pawl 31 and the drive rod 33 are located on the inner peripheral portion of the fuselage 8 within the range of the excavating blade 20 projecting in the radial direction (reverse direction) from the outer peripheral edge of the fuselage 8 toward the center portion. It prevents the ground from colliding directly and damaging during excavation.

  The holding means 7 can hold the outer periphery of the columnar ground whose periphery is excavated by the excavating blade 20 with the bucket claw 31 by closing the bucket claw 31 toward the inside of the bucket body 3.

  The excavation bucket 1 is configured as described above, and excavates the ground as described below.

  First, the excavating bucket 1 is rotated forward by rotating the kelly bar normally using the excavator. Thus, the ground is excavated in a cylindrical shape with the excavating blade 20 of the excavating bucket 1 to a predetermined depth.

  Thereafter, the Keriba is reversed in the range from the first predetermined angle to the second predetermined angle. In this state, the Keriba is rotated forward while being pressed (lowered). As a result, the pressing plate 11 descends with the pressing of the kelly bar, the cutting blade 21 moves toward the central portion of the bucket body 3, and the bucket body 3 rotates normally with the forward rotation of the kelly bar. In this way, by rotating the bucket body 3 and moving the tip of the cutting blade 21 toward the center portion of the bucket body 3, the cylindrical ground whose periphery has been excavated by the excavating blade 20 is leveled by the cutting blade 21. Disconnect.

  Thereafter, the Keriba is reversed in the range from the second predetermined angle to the third predetermined angle. In that state, reverse the Kerryba while pulling (raising) it. As a result, the lifting plate 15 rises with the tension of the kelly bar, and the bucket pawl 31 closes toward the inside of the bucket body 3. In this way, by closing the bucket pawl 31 toward the inside of the bucket body 3, the cylindrical ground ground horizontally cut by the cutting blade 21 after being excavated by the excavating blade 20 is hollowed in the bucket body 3. The bucket claw 31 holds the inside. Then, the ground held by the bucket pawl 31 is discharged to the ground by raising the Keriba while reversing.

  By repeating the above operations, the ground can be excavated to a predetermined depth using the excavation bucket 1.

  A conical excavation portion of a conventional drilling bucket can be detachably attached to the lower end portion of the excavation bucket 1, and a relatively soft ground made of earth and sand is a conical shape attached to the lower end of the excavation bucket 1. While excavating at the excavation part, it may be accommodated in the hollow part of the bucket body 3 and a relatively strong ground made of rock or the like may be excavated by the excavation bucket 1 as described above.

  As described above, since the excavation bucket 1 has the cutting means 6 for cutting the ground excavated by the excavating blade 20, the excavation bucket 1 is excavated by cutting the ground using the cutting means 6. The ground can be well held by the bucket claws 31 and pulled up, and the ground can be excavated smoothly.

  In the excavation bucket 1, the cutting blade 21 can be moved toward the center side of the bucket body 3 in conjunction with the pressing operation or pulling operation of the kelly bar. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a hydraulic circuit for moving the cutting blade 21 to and from the ground in which the is disposed, and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a failure or the like.

  In the excavation bucket 1, the cutting means 6 is provided separately from the holding means 7. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the bucket pawl 31 of the holding means 7 is horizontally closed toward the center of the bucket body 3. Thus, the cutting blade 21 may be formed at the tip of the bucket pawl 31 so that the ground can be cut horizontally.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Excavation bucket 2 Drive shaft 3 Bucket body 4 Interlocking mechanism 5 Excavation means 6 Cutting means 7 Holding means 8 Body 9 Lid 10 Opening
11 Press plate 12 Inner shaft
13 Middle shaft 14 Outer shaft
15 Lift plate 16 key
17 Keyway 18 Key
19 Keyway 20 Drilling blade
21 Cutting blade 22 Drive mechanism
23 Drive piston 24 Piston rod
25 Spring 26 Cylinder
27 Cylinder rod 28 Cover
29 Drive shaft 30 arm
31 Bucket claw 32 Drive mechanism
33 Drive rod

Claims (3)

In the excavation bucket provided with a excavating blade at the lower end of the hollow bucket body connected to the kelly bar of the excavator, and provided in the bucket body so that the bucket claw can be opened and closed toward the inside of the bucket body,
Bucket, characterized in that it comprises a cutting means for cutting the cylindrical Ground drilled around drilling blade horizontally. The cutting means is a digging blade in which a cutting blade for horizontally cutting the ground by moving horizontally toward the central portion of the bucket body projects from the outer peripheral edge of the bucket body toward the central portion The excavation bucket according to claim 1, wherein the excavation bucket is accommodated within the range of the above. In the excavation method of holding the ground excavated with bucket claws provided in the bucket body so that it can be opened and closed after excavating the ground with the excavating blade provided at the lower end of the bucket main body connected to the kelly bar of the excavator,
An excavation method characterized in that after excavating the ground with an excavating blade, the ground excavated with the excavating blade is cut with a cutting blade provided on the bucket body.

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