JP6318573B2 - Battery power charge / discharge control system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a system including a battery power source composed of a rechargeable battery and a hybrid power source composed of a charging power source for charging the battery power source, while charging the battery power source with the charging power source and supplying power to the load. The present invention relates to a charge / discharge control method for a battery power supply in a mode in which the battery is operated by supplying power or a mode in which power is supplied to a load only by the discharge power of the battery power supply.

  In an operation mode such as an electric propulsion system equipped with a rechargeable battery such as a lithium ion battery and a generator that charges the battery, a propulsion motor while charging the battery with the generator, or There are two modes: a mode in which electric power is supplied to the auxiliary machine and a mode in which the generator is stopped and the battery is operated with discharge power only from the battery.

  In general, a large-capacity battery power source used in such an electric propulsion system or the like constitutes an assembled battery by connecting a large number of rechargeable cells in series and parallel. The single battery is a single battery element or a unit obtained by connecting a plurality of battery elements in series or in parallel.

  In the operation of supplying power to the propulsion motor and auxiliary equipment while operating the generator and charging the battery power, the battery is stable even if a large load fluctuation occurs due to a large change in the speed of the propulsion motor. Generator control that can charge the power supply is required.

  The generator is generally charged by supplying a large amount of charging power to the battery power source in the initial charging range where the remaining amount of charge of the battery power source is low, and supplying a small charging power in the charging termination region (full charging region) close to full charging. Is. In the charge termination region close to full charge, the battery voltage may exceed the specified value and become overcharged. Therefore, it is important to monitor the battery voltage and control the generator so as not to overcharge.

  In particular, in the case of lithium-ion battery packs configured by connecting a number of lithium-ion battery cells in series, the characteristics of individual cells vary, so the voltage of some of the battery cells is the specified value during charging operation. Overcharging, and in the discharging operation, the voltage of some of the single cells may fall below a specified value, resulting in overdischarging.

  As described above, when the individual unit cell is overcharged / discharged due to the variation in the individual unit cell characteristics, the unit cell characteristic is deteriorated. The deterioration of the characteristics of individual cells causes a decrease in the charge amount of the entire assembled battery, a shortened life, and a serious failure such as overheating due to overcharge and overdischarge.

  As described above, in a battery power source using a lithium ion battery, it is important to perform charge / discharge control in consideration of variations in characteristics of each unit cell, and one method is proposed in Reference Document 1.

JP 2013-106466 A

  However, in the battery charge / discharge control method disclosed in Patent Document 1, in an assembled battery in which a large number of unit cells are connected in series, an individual unit cell or a plurality of unit cells can be selected for auxiliary charging. When an individual battery charger is installed and the entire battery pack is charged, the voltage of each individual battery is monitored, and when a single battery that has reached the predetermined upper limit voltage is detected, the battery with a low charge is then detected. The charge amount of the single cell is individually corrected by performing an auxiliary charge by sequentially connecting an individual charging device to a low voltage individual cell or a plurality of single cells.

Such conventional techniques have the following problems to be improved.
A) After one unit cell voltage exceeds the upper limit value, other unit cell voltages that have not reached the upper limit value are selected and the charge amount is corrected sequentially from the individual charger. In order to charge the whole evenly, there is a problem that a long charging time is required.
B) In addition, such prior art requires means for switching and connecting the individual charging device to the individual cells constituting the assembled battery in order to perform supplementary charging of the single cell having a shortage of charge. There is also a problem that the configuration is complicated and large.

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, has a simple configuration, can charge a plurality of single cells constituting the assembled battery in a relatively short time, and can be charged and discharged. It is an object of the present invention to provide a charge / discharge control method for a battery power source that can prevent overcharge and overdischarge of a single cell or an assembled battery even if there are variations in characteristics.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of claim 1 is directed to a battery power source provided with at least one set of battery packs formed by connecting a plurality of rechargeable single cells in series, and charging for charging the battery power source. In a hybrid power supply device including a power supply and a charge / discharge control device for controlling charge / discharge of the battery power supply, a single battery voltage detecting means for detecting a voltage of each single battery of the battery power supply, and detecting a voltage of the assembled battery An assembled battery voltage detecting means is provided, and the battery voltage detected by the assembled battery voltage detecting means is detected while the unit cell voltage detected by the unit cell voltage detecting means does not reach the preset unit cell upper limit voltage or unit cell lower limit voltage. Based on the assembled battery voltage, the charge / discharge current of the battery power source is controlled by the charge / discharge control device so that the assembled battery voltage does not exceed a preset assembled battery upper limit voltage or assembled battery lower limit voltage. When the unit cell voltage detecting means detects that any voltage of the unit cell has reached a preset unit cell upper limit voltage or unit cell lower limit voltage, the unit cell upper limit voltage or unit cell lower limit The charge / discharge current of the battery power source is controlled by the charge / discharge control device so that the voltage of the unit cell does not exceed the unit cell upper limit voltage or unit cell lower limit voltage based on the voltage of the unit cell that has reached the voltage. It is a feature.

  In the invention of claim 1, the unit cell voltage detecting means comprises two sets of selecting means for alternately and sequentially scanning a plurality of unit cells connected in series of the assembled battery, one of the selecting means. When it is detected that the voltage of the unit cell selected in step 1 has reached the unit cell upper limit voltage or unit cell lower limit voltage, the selection means stops scanning at the unit cell position and continues the unit cell voltage. And the other selecting means continues to scan other cells, and when the unit cell voltage reaches the unit cell upper limit voltage or unit cell lower limit voltage, the other selection unit Can be stopped, the voltage of the single cell at that position can be continuously output, and the scanning of the one selection means can be restarted (claim 2).

  In the invention of claim 1 or 2, charging operation of the battery power source includes a constant voltage mode in which charging is performed at a constant voltage, a constant current charging mode in which charging is performed at a constant current, and a constant power charging mode in which charging is performed at a constant power. It can be selected and executed (Claim 3).

  In the invention of claim 1 or 2, when the assembled battery voltage or the single battery voltage reaches the assembled battery lower limit voltage or the single battery lower limit voltage during the discharging operation of the battery power source, the assembled battery voltage or the single battery voltage is The load fed from the battery power supply can be reduced so as not to drop below the assembled battery lower limit voltage or the unit cell lower limit voltage. In this case, the voltage obtained by converting the unit cell voltage into the assembled battery voltage is compared with the assembled battery voltage, and control can be performed based on the lower voltage.

  In the invention of claim 1 or 2, a charging power source for charging the battery power source is constituted by a generator driven by a prime mover, and an output voltage of the generator is connected to an upper limit voltage of an assembled battery of the battery power source in a control device of the generator. Voltage limiting means for limiting to the following and current limiting means for limiting the output current of the generator to a predetermined current can also be provided.

  Furthermore, in the inventions of claims 1 to 6, operation monitoring means for monitoring, recording and alarming each operation state may be provided (claim 7).

  The present invention relates to a battery power source configured by connecting a large number of unit cells composed of lithium ion batteries or the like in series, and detects the voltage of the unit cells while sequentially switching the unit cells having characteristic variations. When the cell voltage reaches the upper limit value, all the cells can be charged evenly in a short time by controlling the charging current so that the cell voltage does not exceed the upper limit value. it can.

  In addition, according to the charge / discharge system according to the present invention, each unit cell of the assembled battery composed of unit cells having variation in characteristics can be uniformly charged, and overcharge and overdischarge can be prevented. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the effect of preventing the battery charge capacity from being lowered and extending the life.

1 is a block circuit diagram showing a basic circuit configuration showing an embodiment of the present invention. The block circuit diagram which shows the main circuit structure in the constant current charge mode by this invention. The figure which shows the time-sequential change of the voltage of each part at the time of charge operation in the constant current charge mode in an Example of this invention, and an electric current. The figure which shows the time-sequential change of the voltage of each part at the time of charge operation in the constant power charge mode in the Example of this invention, and an electric current. The block circuit diagram which shows the main circuit structure in the constant power charge mode by this invention. The figure which shows the time-sequential change of the cell voltage and assembled battery voltage at the time of charge operation in the constant current charge mode in the Example of this invention. The block circuit diagram which shows the main circuit structure in the constant voltage charge mode by this invention. The figure which shows the time-sequential change of the voltage of each part at the time of charge operation in the constant voltage charge mode in the Example of this invention, and an electric current. The figure which shows the charge remaining amount of the assembled battery / unit cell used for description of this invention, and the voltage characteristic of an assembled battery / unit cell. The diagram which shows the speed limit line MnL for generating the motor speed limit signal used for this invention. The diagram which shows the motor current characteristic with respect to the motor speed of the propulsion motor used for description of this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to examples shown in the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a basic circuit configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a charge / discharge control system according to the present invention.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a battery power source, which is a single battery element or a plurality of unit cells B that are unitized by connecting a plurality of battery elements in series and parallel, here 10 (B1 to B10) connected in series. The assembled battery is provided. 2 is a battery power supply voltage detector for detecting the battery power supply 1 and therefore the terminal voltage VBi of the assembled battery, 3 is a current detector for detecting the charge / discharge current IBi of the battery power supply 1, and 4 is each of the battery power supply 1 A cell voltage detector 8 for detecting voltages VBs1 to VBs10 of the cell, and a battery 8 comprising an AC generator 6 driven by a prime mover 5 such as a diesel engine and a rectifier 7 for rectifying the AC output of the generator. This is a charging power source for charging the power source 1. The battery power source 1 and the charging power source 8 are connected to the power supply bus L via switches SW1 and SW2, respectively. An auxiliary device 15 is further connected to the power supply bus L via a switch SW3, and a propulsion motor 14 is connected via a switch SW4 through an electric motor drive control unit 13 constituted by an inverter or the like. In the case of an electric propulsion ship, the propulsion motor 14 drives the ship's propulsion machine and controls the speed of the propulsion motor through the motor drive control unit 13 to control the ship speed.

  A voltage detector 9 that detects the output voltage VGi of the power supply 8 and a current detector 10 that detects the output current IGi are connected to the output terminal of the charging power supply 8. A voltage detector 11 that detects the input terminal voltage VMi and a current detector 12 that detects the input current IMi are connected to the input of the motor drive control unit 13, and a speed detection that detects the speed N is connected to the motor 14. A vessel 15 is coupled.

  In addition, a charging / discharging control unit 20 for monitoring and controlling charging / discharging of the battery power source 1, a generator control unit 50 for controlling the generator 6 of the charging power source 8, and monitoring control for monitoring and controlling the operation of the entire apparatus, and recording An operation monitoring unit 70 is provided.

  Next, the configuration of the charge / discharge control unit 20 will be described.

  The charging voltage setting unit 21V, the charging current setting unit 21I, and the charging power setting unit 21P are three modes when charging the battery power source 1, that is, each mode of a constant voltage charging mode, a constant current charging mode, and a constant power charging mode. Is a setting unit for setting a charging voltage setting value VBS, a charging current setting value IBS, and a charging power setting value PBS. The cell upper limit voltage setting unit 22 is set with a specified upper limit voltage VBU of the cell B constituting the battery power supply 1, and the cell lower limit voltage setting unit 23 is set with a specified lower limit voltage VBL of the cell B. Is done.

  The first selection unit 24 and the second selection unit 25 are respectively output terminals of the unit cell voltage detector 4 that detects the voltage of each unit cell in synchronization with the clock pulse CP generated by the clock pulse generator 26. Are alternately scanned one by one, and each cell voltage VBs is selected and extracted.

  The first voltage discriminating unit 27 and the second voltage discriminating unit 28 use the unit cell selection voltages VBs1 and VBs2 selected by the first selection unit 24 and the second selection unit 25, respectively, and the unit cell upper limit voltage setting unit 22 and unit cell. Compared with the upper limit set voltage VBU and the lower limit voltage set value VBL set in the lower limit voltage setting unit 23, the cell voltage is determined. The first voltage determination unit 27 determines that the upper limit voltage has been exceeded when the unit cell selection voltage VBs1 selected by the first selection unit 24 is equal to or higher than the upper limit setting voltage VBU or lower limit voltage setting value VBL. A determination signal S1 and an upper limit determination signal S1U indicating that the determination signal S1 has exceeded the upper limit, or a lower limit determination signal S1L indicating that the determination signal S1 has exceeded the lower limit. Similarly, the second voltage determination unit 28 sets the upper and lower limit voltages when the unit cell selection voltage VBs2 selected by the second selection unit 25 is equal to or higher than the upper limit set voltage VBU or lower limit voltage set value VBL. A determination signal S2 indicating that it has been exceeded and an upper limit determination signal S2U indicating that the determination signal S2 has exceeded the upper limit or a lower limit determination signal S2L indicating that the lower limit has been exceeded are generated.

  The determination signals S1 and S2 generated by the first and second voltage determination units 27 and 28 are applied to the first selection unit 24 and the second selection unit 25, respectively, and also to the detection switching unit 30.

  When receiving the determination signal S1, the first selection unit 24 stops scanning at that time, continuously outputs the single cell voltage VBs1 at the stopped position, and stops scanning to the other second selection unit 25. A signal S5 indicating is given. When receiving the signal S5, the second selection unit 25 sequentially scans the cells from the position next to the position where the first selection unit 24 stopped scanning, in synchronization with the clock pulse CP, and sequentially outputs the cell voltage VBs2. Is output.

  The determination switching unit 29 generates an upper limit switching signal S3U when receiving the upper limit determination signal S1U or S2U from the voltage determination unit 27 or 28, and generates a lower limit switching signal S3L when receiving the lower limit determination signal S1L or S2L. The upper limit switching signal S3U is given to the setting switching units 33V, 33I, 33P, the assembled battery upper limit limiting command unit 37, and the like. The lower limit determination signal S3L is given to the assembled battery voltage lower limit command unit 38 and the assembled battery voltage conversion unit 40.

  If the received determination signal is the determination signal S1 from the first voltage determination unit 27, the detection switching unit 30 selects the single cell voltage VBs1 output from the first selection unit 24 and corrects it as the single cell selection voltage VBss. If the determination signal is provided to the calculation unit 31 and the determination signal is the determination signal S2 from the second voltage determination unit 28, the unit cell voltage VBs2 output from the second selection unit 25 is selected and corrected as the unit cell selection voltage VBss. The selection selection operation of the selection voltage of the first selection unit 24 and the selection voltage of the second selection unit 25 as given to the unit 31 is performed.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the correction calculation unit 31 obtains a difference VBsd = VBU−VBss between the upper limit setting voltage VBU given from the unit cell upper limit voltage setting unit 22 and the unit cell selection voltage VBss given from the detection switching unit 30. The charging voltage, current, and power are supplied to the storage correction calculation units 32V, 32I, and 32P that store and correct the charging voltage, current, and power. As shown in FIG. 2, the current storage correction calculation unit 32I in the storage correction calculation unit 32 is a battery detected by the current detector 3 when the determination signal S1 or S2 is given from the voltage determination unit 27 or 28. The actual value IBi of the charging / discharging current of the power source 1 is read and stored in the current storage unit MI, and the current correction calculation unit CI determines the current constant between the stored charging current IBi and the difference voltage VBsd obtained by the correction calculation unit 31. A current correction set value IBd is obtained by calculating a difference from the current correction value Ic obtained by multiplying the current correction constant Ki set in the setting unit GI.

  In the case of the voltage storage correction calculation unit 32V, as shown in FIG. 7, when the determination signal S1 or S2 is given, the battery voltage actual value VBi of the battery power source 1 detected by the voltage detector 2 is read and stored. The voltage correction calculation unit VC multiplies the stored battery voltage actual value VBi and the difference voltage VBsd obtained by the correction calculation unit 31 by the voltage correction constant Kv set in the voltage correction constant setting unit GV. The voltage correction set value VBd is obtained by calculating the difference from the voltage correction value Vc obtained in this way.

  In the case of the power storage correction calculation unit 32P, as shown in FIG. 5, when the determination signal S1 or S2 is given, the battery voltage actual value VBi and the charging current actual value of the battery power source 1 are thereby supplied from the power calculation unit 34. The charge power actual value PBi (= VBi × IBi) obtained by calculation from IBi is read and stored in the power storage unit MP, and the stored charge power PBi and the correction calculation unit 31 are stored in the power correction calculation unit PC. A power correction set value PBd is obtained by calculating a difference from the power correction value Pc obtained by multiplying the obtained difference voltage VBsd by the power correction constant Kp set in the power correction constant setting unit GP.

  The voltage, current, and power correction setting values (VBd, IBd, and PBd) obtained by the voltage, current, and power memory correction calculation units (32V, 32I, and 32P) are set to the charging voltage setting unit 21V, respectively. The value VBS, the charging current setting value IBS set in the charging current setting unit 21I, and the charging power setting value PBS set in the charging power setting unit 22P are added to the setting value switching units 33V, 33I, and 33P. The setting switching units 33V, 33I, and 33P normally select the charging set values VBS, IBS, and PBS and charge the charging voltage, charging current, and charging to the charging voltage adjusting unit 35V, the charging current adjusting unit 35I, and the charging power adjusting unit 35P. Although it is output as a power command value, when the upper limit determination signal S3U is given from the determination switching unit 29, it is switched to the voltage correction set value VBd, current correction set value IBd, and power correction set value PBd.

  Charging voltage set value VBD applied via set value switching units 33V, 33I, and 33P at the matching points e, f, and g of charging voltage adjusting unit 35V, charging current adjusting unit 35I, and charging power adjusting unit 35P, respectively. The generator 6 of the charging power source 8 according to the deviation between the charging current set value IBD, the charging power setting value PBD and the battery voltage actual value VBi, the battery current actual value IBi, and the battery power actual value PBi obtained by detection or calculation. A power generation voltage command value VGs is obtained and supplied to the power generation control unit 50.

  The charge / discharge control unit 20 includes an assembled battery upper limit voltage limit command unit 37 that forms an upper limit voltage limit value VGUL that limits the upper limit of the assembled battery voltage of the battery power supply 1, and a lower limit voltage that limits the lower limit of the assembled battery voltage. An assembled battery lower limit voltage restriction command unit 38, an assembled battery voltage conversion unit 40, a charging mode switching unit 44, and the like that form the limit value MnD are provided. When the battery voltage conversion unit 40 receives the lower limit determination signal S3L indicating that the unit cell voltage VBsi has become equal to or lower than the lower limit set voltage VBL, the battery voltage conversion unit 40 selects the unit cell voltage VBss selected and output from the detection switching unit 30 as the battery power source 1. The battery pack converted voltage VBsn is obtained by multiplying the number of cells connected in series (n).

  The battery pack upper limit voltage limit command unit 37 outputs an upper limit switching signal S3U when the unit cell voltage VBs becomes equal to or higher than the unit cell upper limit set voltage VBU as a control signal, and a contact 50c linked to the generator operation command unit 50a. When the charging signal BC indicating the charging operation of the battery power source 1 is input and both the signals S3U and BC are input, the output voltage of the battery power source 1 detected by the voltage detector 2 applied to the input The actual value VBi is output as the assembled battery voltage upper limit limit value VGUL, and is added to the limiter 51 that limits a voltage command value VGs to the power generation control unit 50 described later.

  Further, the battery pack lower limit voltage limit command unit 38 sends a lower limit determination signal S3L indicating that the unit cell voltage VBs from the determination switching unit 29 has decreased to the unit cell lower limit voltage set value VBL or less, and the generator operation command unit 50a. When a discharge signal BD indicating discharge operation of the battery power source 1 from the interlocked contact 50c is added, the assembled battery conversion voltage VBsn obtained by the assembled battery conversion unit applied to the input and the actual output voltage VBi of the battery power source 1 And the smaller voltage is applied to the motor drive control unit 13 as the lower limit voltage MnD.

  Next, the configuration of the power generation control unit 50 will be described.

  The power generation control unit 50 includes an operation switching unit 53 that switches between automatic operation and manual operation. At the time of automatic operation, the operation switching unit 53 is switched to the automatic side, and the generator voltage command value VGs is taken in from the charging control unit 20 via the generated voltage command limiter 51. At the time of manual operation, the operation switching unit 53 is switched to the manual side, and the power generation voltage manual setting value VGsH set in the power generation voltage manual setting unit 52 for manually setting the power generation voltage is taken in.

  The power generation voltage setting value selectively taken in by the operation switching unit 53 is input to the power generation voltage adjusting unit 56 via the power generation voltage limiter 54 as the power generation voltage command value VGs. The generated voltage adjusting unit 56 matches the generator voltage command value VGs at the butt point b with the generator voltage actual value VGi detected by the voltage detector 9 to obtain a deviation between the two, and the generator in which the deviation becomes zero. The current command value IGs is calculated. The generated voltage command limiter 51 limits the generated voltage command value VGs so as not to exceed the upper limit voltage VGUL added from the assembled battery upper limit voltage limit command unit 37. Similarly, the generated voltage limiter 54 limits the generator pressure command value VGs to the generator limit set voltage VGU applied from the power generation upper limit voltage setting unit 55.

  The generated current command value IGs obtained by the generated voltage adjusting unit 56 is input to the generated current adjusting unit 58 via the generated current limiter 57. The generated current adjustment unit 58 matches the input generated current command value IGs at the matching point c with the actual generated current value IGi applied from the current detector 10 that detects the generator current, finds the deviation, and this deviation becomes zero. The adjustment calculation which calculates | requires the field current command value IFs of a generator is performed.

  The field current command value IFs obtained by the generated current adjustment unit 58 is input to the field current adjustment unit 59. The field current adjusting unit 59 matches the field current command value IFs input at the butt point d with the field current actual value detected by the field current detector 64, and obtains a deviation between the two. An adjustment calculation is performed to obtain a field current command signal IFe that becomes zero. The field current command signal IFe obtained by the field current adjustment unit 59 is applied to the field current control unit 63. The field current control unit 63 performs an operation of controlling the field current IFi supplied to the field winding 65 of the generator 6 to a current corresponding to the field current command signal IFe.

  In addition, a power generation current upper limit command unit 62 for obtaining the power generation current upper limit current IGU is provided. The generated current upper limit restriction command unit 62 uses the output set value PGs set in the generator output setter 61 for setting the output of the generator and the generated output voltage actual value VGi detected by the voltage detector 9. PGs ÷ VGi is calculated to obtain a power generation output limit current IGU for the set power PGs, and this is added to the power generation current limiter 57 provided at the input of the current adjustment unit 58, and the current command value IGs calculates the current limit value IGU. Limiting operation is performed so as not to exceed, and control is performed so that the generator output does not exceed the set output PGs.

  The power generation control unit 50 controls the output voltage VG of the generator to become the generator voltage command value VGs through the generated voltage adjusting unit 56, the generated current adjusting unit 58, and the field current adjusting unit 59.

  The input terminals (1) to (5) of the operation monitoring unit 70 are respectively connected to the output terminals (1) to (5) of the same sign of the charging control unit 20, and the voltage VBi, current IBi, The battery selection voltage VBss, the voltage determination signals S1 and S2, the generator voltage VGi of the charging power supply 8, the current IGi, the power generation upper limit current IGU, etc. are read to monitor the operating state of the entire system, and an alarm is issued when there is an abnormality. Monitoring control and recording of these data.

  When charging an assembled battery of the battery power source 1 in such a battery power source charge / discharge control device, charging is performed with a constant charging voltage and a constant voltage charging mode, and charging is performed with a constant charging current. Charging is performed in any of the charging modes of “constant current charging mode” and “constant power charging mode” in which charging is performed with constant charging power, but the charging mode changeover switch 44 is switched to select any of the charging modes. Control the charging operation.

  Further, since fine current control is necessary in the charge termination region, it is common to use a charge mode of “constant current charge mode” or “constant power charge mode”.

  At this time, as shown in FIG. 6, if the unit cell voltage exceeds the set unit cell upper limit set voltage VBU or the assembled battery voltage exceeds the set assembly battery upper limit set voltage VGU, an overcharge operation is performed. It is necessary to prevent this.

  In the discharging operation, it is necessary to prevent both the unit cell and the assembled battery from exceeding the lower limit set voltage and causing overdischarge.

  The present invention prevents overcharging of both the unit cell and the assembled battery by controlling the power generation voltage of the charging power source so that the voltage of both the unit cell and the assembled battery does not exceed the upper limit set voltage during the charging operation. In the discharging operation, both the unit cell and the assembled battery are reduced by reducing the load on the battery power source by reducing the speed of the propulsion motor as a load so that the voltage of both the unit cell and the assembled battery does not exceed the lower limit set voltage. It prevents overdischarge.

  Below, operation | movement of the control apparatus of this invention is demonstrated for every operation item.

1) Constant Current Charging Operation This operation is a so-called constant current charging mode charging operation. In the charging / discharging control device of FIG. 1, the charging current control unit 35I is selected by the charging mode changeover switch 44, and the generator operation command is selected. The generator operation is instructed from the battery 50 a, the contact a of the contact 50 c is turned on in conjunction with this, and the charging signal BC is output to the assembled battery voltage upper limit restriction command unit 37. FIG. 2 shows only the main circuit that operates at this time.

  3 shows the voltage of individual cells and other voltage and current over time in the constant current charging operation, and FIG. 6 shows the assembled voltage of the battery power source 1 and the charging voltage of the single cells in the constant current charging operation. This shows the change over time.

  In the constant current charging operation shown in FIG. 6, when the charging current IB starts charging at a constant 1A from time t1, the assembled battery voltage VB and the single battery voltage VBss increase with time, and at time t2, the battery voltage VB becomes VBi0. When the charging current IB is reduced to 1B and charging is continued, the battery voltages VB and VBss gradually increase further.

  At this time, a voltage difference is generated in the single cells due to variation in characteristics, and a part of the single cell voltages VBss reaches the upper limit set voltage VBU at time t3. However, the assembled battery voltage VBi1 does not reach the assembled battery upper limit set value VGU. The reason is that the assembled battery voltage VBi1 is the total value of the unit cell voltages connected in series, so that only some of the unit cells reach the unit cell voltage upper limit set voltage, and the other unit cells reach the unit cell voltage upper limit set voltage. This is because the assembled battery voltage VBi is lower than the assembled battery voltage upper limit setting voltage VGU if not reached.

  Also, as the number of cells connected in series in the assembled battery increases, it becomes more difficult to detect and discriminate the amount of change in the cell voltage from the amount of change in the assembled battery voltage. Therefore, it is desirable to control the generated voltage so that the cell voltage does not exceed the upper limit set voltage VBU.

  Of course, if the generated voltage is controlled so that the assembled battery voltage VBi does not exceed the assembled battery upper limit set voltage VGU by monitoring the assembled battery voltage in the same manner, overcharging of both the unit cell and the assembled battery can be prevented. it can.

  The above operation will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The single cell voltage is synchronized with the clock pulse CP of the clock pulse generator 26, and the first selection unit 24 and the second selection unit 25 have one detected voltage of each single cell detected by the single cell voltage detection unit 4. They are alternately selected one by one and taken out as single cell detection voltages VBs1 and VBs2, which are given to the first voltage discriminating unit 27 and the second voltage discriminating unit 28, respectively, and to the detection switching unit 30.

  The first voltage discriminating unit 27 and the second voltage discriminating unit 28 are respectively the unit cell upper limit set voltage VBU set in the unit cell upper limit voltage setting unit 22 and the unit cell lower limit set voltage set in the unit cell lower limit voltage setting unit 23. VBL is compared with the taken out cell detection voltages VBs1 and VBs2, and at the time of charging operation, when any of the cell detection voltages VBs1 and VBs2 reaches the upper limit setting voltage VBU, a determination signal S1 or S2 is output. To do. At this time, the first voltage determination unit 27 and the second voltage determination unit 28 simultaneously generate an upper limit determination signal S1U indicating that the determination signals S1 and S2 are generated exceeding the upper limit.

  If the cell detection voltage VBs1 reaches the upper limit set voltage VBU, the first voltage determination unit 27 generates a determination signal S1 and an upper limit determination signal S1U. The determination signal S1 is given to the first selection unit 24. When receiving the determination signal S1, the first selection unit 24 stops the scanning operation at that position, continuously outputs the detection voltage VBs1 of the single cell at the stop position, and simultaneously outputs a signal S5 indicating that the scanning operation has been stopped. To the other second selection unit 25. The second selection unit 25 that has received the signal S5 continues the scanning operation from the position next to the position where the first determination unit 24 stopped scanning.

  The determination signal S1 is also given to the detection switching unit 30. The detection switching unit 30 that has received the determination signal S1 switches to the output on the first selection unit 24 side, and supplies the single cell detection voltage VBs1 to the correction calculation unit 31 as the single cell selection voltage VBss. The correction calculation unit 31 compares the single cell upper limit setting voltage VBU and the single cell detection voltage VBss, outputs a correction signal VBsd that is the difference between them, and provides the current storage correction unit 32I (see FIG. 2).

  In addition, the current storage correction unit 32I reads and stores the actual current value IBi of the battery power supply 1 at the time of reception by the received signal S1 or S2, and stores the stored current actual value IBi and the correction output from the correction calculation unit 31. The correction current Ic obtained by multiplying the signal VBsd by the current correction constant Ki is compared, and the difference between the two is output as the current correction set value IBd.

  When the setting switching unit 33I receives the switching signal S3U from the discrimination switching unit 29, the current storage correction unit 32I uses the charging current command value IBD applied to the charging current adjustment unit 35I from the charging current setting value IBS set in the current setting unit 21I. The operation of switching to the current correction set value IBd obtained in step 1 is performed. As a result, the charging current setting value IBS in the constant current charging mode is switched to the charging current correction setting value IBd obtained based on the battery power supply current actual value IBi at the time of reception of the determination signal S1 by the determination switching signal S3U. Charging operation continues.

  The charging current adjustment unit 35I normally obtains a deviation between the charging current setting value IBS set in the charging current setting unit 21 and the charging current actual value IBi of the battery power source 1 at the point f, and this deviation is zero. The power generation voltage command value VGs is calculated and given as a voltage command value to the generator voltage adjustment unit 51 of the power generation control unit 50 to perform power generation control by feedback control.

  When the unit cell voltage VBs1 reaches the upper limit set voltage VBU, the current storage correction unit 32I is obtained by the correction calculation unit 31 and the charging current actual value IBi of the battery power source 1 read and stored at that time by the determination signal S1. The charging current correction set value IBd obtained based on the voltage correction value VBsd is output. The setting switching unit 33i that has received the upper limit switching signal S3U obtains the charging current command value IBD of the charging current adjustment unit 35I from the charging current setting value IBS set in the charging current installation unit 21I by the current storage correction unit 32I. The switching operation for switching to the correction set value IBd can be performed smoothly without impact because the charge current set value IBS and the actual charge current value IBi at the time of switching match.

  The correction calculation unit 31 obtains a voltage correction value VBsd such that the unit cell upper limit setting voltage VBU and the unit cell detection signal VBss coincide with each other and supplies the voltage correction value VBsd to the current storage correction unit 32I. The current storage correction unit 32I obtains a charging current correction set value IBd obtained by correcting the charging current actual value IBi of the battery power stored by the received correction value VBsd, and is charged as the charging current command value IBD via the setting switching unit 33i. The constant current charging is corrected by giving the current adjusting unit 35I.

  In this correction operation, the charging control is performed by reducing the charging current so that the unit cell voltage VBs1 = VBss does not exceed the unit cell voltage upper limit setting value VBU.

  FIG. 3 shows changes in voltage and current of each part in a constant current charging operation of an assembled battery in which 10 unit cells are connected in series.

  In FIG. 3, before the time t1, the unit cell voltage VBs1 does not reach the upper limit set voltage VBU. Therefore, the battery pack 1 uses the charge current setting unit 21I to set the charge current actual value IBi of the battery power source 1 to the charge current set value IBS. Is charged at a constant current. When the voltage VBs1 of the unit cell B4 reaches the upper limit set voltage VBU at time t1, the setting switching unit 33I forms the charging current command value from the charging current command value IBS set in the setting unit 21I by the current storage correction unit 32I. By switching to the charging current correction setting value IBd, the charging is continued while the charging current command IBD is lowered by the voltage correction value VBsd so that the voltage VBs1 of the cell B4 does not exceed the upper limit setting voltage VBU.

  The voltage VGi of the generator 6 is controlled via the charging current adjustment unit 35I so that the corrected charging current command value IBD and the charging current actual value IBi match.

  At this time, as shown in FIG. 6, the assembled battery voltage VBi does not reach the assembled battery upper limit setting voltage VGU even when the single battery B4 reaches the unit cell upper limit setting voltage VBU at the time point t3. Because the assembled battery voltage is the total value of the unit cell voltages, if the unit cell B4 reaches the unit cell upper limit set voltage VBU, the voltage of the other unit cell does not reach the unit cell set voltage VBU. VBi does not reach the assembled battery upper limit setting voltage VGU.

  After time t3 in FIG. 6, if charging is continued while reducing the charging current command value IBD so that the voltage VBs1 of the cell B4 does not exceed the upper limit set voltage VBU, the cells other than the cell B4 are charged with the reduced charging current command. The battery voltage is increased by charging with a charging current IBi equal to the value IBD, and the assembled battery voltage is increased accordingly.

  Assuming that the voltage VBs2 of the unit cell B10 detected by scanning of the second selection unit 25 reaches the upper limit set voltage VBU at time t2 of the n2 cycle in FIG. 3, the second voltage determination unit 28 detects this and determines the determination signal S2. The upper limit determination signal S2U is generated and supplied to the second selection unit 25 and the determination switching unit 29. The scanning of the second selection unit 25 is stopped and the signal S5 is given to the first selection unit 24 to start the scanning of the first selection unit 24 from the position next to the position where the scanning of the second selection unit 25 is stopped. . The cycle is a period in which all the unit cells B1 to B10 of the assembled battery are scanned once.

  In addition, the voltage storage correction unit 32V, the current storage correction unit 32I, and the power storage correction unit 32IP read the actual voltage value VBi, the actual current value IBi, and the actual power value PBi at this time by the determination signal S2, respectively. Update memorize.

  The signal S4 between the first voltage discriminating unit 27 and the second voltage discriminating unit 28 indicates that the voltage judging unit connected to the selection unit that has stopped scanning stops the judging operation and continues the scanning. The voltage determination unit connected to the selection unit is an interlock signal that interlocks the operations so as to execute the determination operation.

  The charging current command value IBD is reduced so that the single cell voltage VBs1 or VBs2 selected by the selection unit on the side where scanning is stopped does not exceed the upper limit setting voltage VBU, and the charging current IBi is controlled by the generator, and scanning is performed. The selection unit and the voltage determination unit continue to detect other unit cell voltages, and when a unit cell that has reached the unit cell upper limit set voltage VBU is detected, the scanning is stopped and the detection unit side The generator is controlled by reducing the charging current command value IBD so that the unit cell voltage does not exceed the upper limit set voltage VBU.

  In this way, when the unit cell B10 battery voltage VBs2 reaches the upper limit set voltage VBU in the n2 cycle, the voltage detection signal is switched from VBs1 to VBs2 to charge the unit cell B10 so that the unit cell voltage VBs2 does not exceed the upper limit set voltage VBU. The current command value IBD is reduced to perform charging so that the voltage of the unit cell B10 does not exceed the upper limit set voltage VBU. Since it is detected that the unit cell B7 has reached the upper limit set voltage VBU in the n3 cycle and the unit cells B2, B5, B9 have reached the upper limit set voltage VBU in the n4 cycle, the cells that have reached these limit set voltages VBU are selected alternately. By continuously charging while reducing the charging current command value IBD, all the single cells having characteristic variations are charged almost evenly to complete the charging.

2) Constant power charging operation The constant power charging operation in the constant power charging mode shown in FIG. 4 will be described. In the constant power charging mode, the charging mode switching unit 44 switches the charging adjustment unit to the charging power adjustment unit 35 to perform a charging operation.

  The charging power adjustment unit 35 matches the charging power setting value PBS set by the charging power setting 21P with the charging power actual value PBi (= charging voltage actual value VBi × charging current actual value IBi) obtained by the power calculation unit 34. An adjustment operation is performed to obtain a power generation voltage command value VGs to the power generation control unit 50 at which the deviation between the two obtained by matching at the point g becomes zero and to make the charging power constant by feedback control.

  When the unit cell B4 reaches the upper limit setting voltage VBU in the n1 cycle in FIG. 4, the same correction control as that of the constant current operation described above is performed.

  FIG. 5 shows a main circuit configuration in the constant power charging mode corresponding to FIG.

  The power storage correction unit 32P reads the actual power value PBi obtained here from the power calculation unit 34 when the determination signal S2 is received from the second voltage determination unit 28 when the unit cell voltage reaches the upper limit set voltage VBU. It memorize | stores in the electric power memory | storage part PM. On the other hand, a correction voltage VBsd (= VBU−VBi) is obtained by the correction calculation unit 31 so that the unit cell selection voltage VBss output from the detection switching unit 30 does not exceed the unit cell upper limit set voltage VBU, and power correction is performed on this. The power correction value Pc is obtained by multiplying the power correction constant Kp set in the constant setter GP.

  The correction of the charging power is control that prevents the unit cell voltage from exceeding the unit cell upper limit value, that is, control based on the unit cell upper limit voltage, and therefore the charge stored in the power storage unit MP by the correction operation unit CP. The power correction set value PBd is obtained by subtracting the power correction value Pc from the power PBi. Based on the switching signal S3U from the determination switching unit 29, the power switching unit 33P obtains the power setting value to be applied to the charging power adjustment unit 35P from the charging power setting value PBS set in the charging power setting unit 21P by the power correction unit 32P. The power correction set value PBd is switched to. As a result, the charging power adjustment unit 35P obtains the charging voltage command value VGs in which the charging power execution value PBi matches the correction power setting value PBd, and commands the power generation control unit 50. On the basis of this, the charging power of the charging power supply 8 exceeds the upper limit setting voltage VBU via the generated voltage adjusting unit 56, generated current adjusting unit 58, and field current adjusting unit 59 of the generation control unit 50. The overcharge of the single battery and the assembled battery is prevented.

3) Constant Voltage Charging Operation Next, a constant voltage charging operation in which charging is performed in the constant voltage charging mode will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 is a main circuit configuration diagram in the constant voltage charging mode, and FIG. 8 shows temporal changes in voltage and current in the constant voltage charging mode.

  For charging in the constant voltage charging mode, the charging mode switching unit 44 in FIG. 2 selects the charging voltage adjustment unit 35V, and charging operation is performed with a circuit configuration as shown in FIG.

  During the normal constant voltage charging operation, the setting switching unit 33V is switched to the charging voltage setting unit 21V side, and the charging voltage setting value VBS set in the charging voltage setting unit 21V charges the charging voltage adjustment unit 35V. It is added as a voltage command value. The charging voltage adjustment unit 35V compares the charging voltage command value VBS with the actual voltage value VBi of the battery power source 1 detected by the voltage detector 2, and obtains a power generation voltage command value VGs that matches the two, and the power generation control unit By instructing 50, charging is performed with the charging voltage VBi kept constant at the set voltage VBS.

  In such a constant voltage charging operation, when the voltage of the unit cell B4 reaches the unit cell upper limit set voltage VBU at the time t1 of the n1 cycle in FIG. 8, the second voltage determination unit 28 detects this and determines the determination signal. S2 is generated. Based on the determination signal S2, the storage correction calculation unit 32V reads the current charging voltage actual value VBi detected by the voltage detector 2 and stores it in the voltage storage unit MV. At the same time, the voltage of the unit cell B4 selected by the second selection unit 25 is extracted from the detection switching unit 30 as the selection voltage VBss, and the correction calculation unit 31 compares the unit cell selection voltage VBss with the upper limit set voltage VBU. Thus, the correction voltage VBsd is obtained so that the unit cell selection voltage VBss does not exceed the upper limit setting voltage VBU.

  The charging voltage actual value VBi stored in the voltage storage correction calculation unit 32V is the total value of the voltages VB1, VB2,... VB10 of each unit cell, so that the voltage of the unit cell B4 becomes the upper limit set voltage VBU as shown in FIG. Even if it reaches, the other unit cell voltage does not reach the upper limit set voltage VBU, so the assembled battery voltage VBi does not reach the assembled battery upper limit set voltage VGU. However, if the charging is continued with the charging voltage setting value VBS set in the charging voltage setting device 21V as it is, the unit cell voltage increases due to the charging current at that time, and as a result, the assembled battery voltage VBi increases and the unit cell voltage VBs. Cannot be limited to the upper limit set voltage VBU. Therefore, in the constant voltage charging mode, the control is performed to keep the charging voltage actual value VBi at the time of receiving the determination signal S1 or S2 below.

  For this purpose, in the voltage storage correction calculation unit 32V, the charging voltage execution value VBi stored in the voltage storage unit MV is set as a reference setting value for the charging voltage, and in the voltage correction calculation unit CV, from the reference setting value for the charging voltage, A voltage correction set value VBd is obtained by subtracting the voltage correction value Vc obtained by multiplying the correction voltage VBsd obtained by the correction calculation unit 31 by the voltage correction constant Kv set in the voltage correction constant setting unit GV. Based on the determination signal S2, the switching contact is switched by the setting switching unit 33V from the charge voltage setting device 21V side to the storage correction calculating unit 32V side by the switching determination signal S3U generated by the determination switching unit 29, and the storage correction calculating unit 32V The obtained voltage correction setting value VBd is added to the charging voltage adjustment unit 35V as the charging voltage command value VBD.

  The charging voltage adjustment unit 35V obtains a generation voltage command value VGs in which the charging voltage command value VBD and the charging voltage actual value VBi detected by the voltage detector 2 are equal to each other, and sends the generation voltage command value VGs to the generation voltage adjustment unit 56 of the generation control unit 50. Command. The power generation control unit 50 controls the voltage VG of the generator 6 through the power generation voltage adjustment unit 56, the power generation current adjustment unit 58, and the field current adjustment unit 59 based on the power generation voltage command value VBs.

  As a result, the charging voltage command value VBD applied to the charging voltage adjustment unit 35V is reduced from the charging voltage setting value VBS set in the initial charging voltage setting device 21V, and therefore the assembled battery of the battery power source 1 from the generator 6 is used. By reducing the voltage applied to the battery and reducing the charging current of the assembled battery, charging can be performed so that the voltage of the unit cell does not exceed the upper limit set voltage.

  The assembled battery voltage upper limit restriction command unit 37 is detected by the voltage detector 2 when both the determination switching signal S3C and the charge command signal BC given from the charge / discharge switching contact 50c from the generator operation command unit 50a are applied. The charged voltage actual value VBi at that time is given as the assembled battery upper limit voltage VGUL to the generated voltage command value limiter 51 so that the voltage VG of the generator 6 does not exceed the current charged voltage actual value VBi. By performing the restriction, the unit cell voltage can be suppressed so as not to exceed the upper limit set voltage VBU.

4) Discharge Operation Further, the discharge operation of the battery power source 1 will be described with reference to the battery voltage-charge remaining amount characteristic diagram shown in FIG.

  When the propulsion motor 14 of the load is driven by the discharge current of only the battery power supply 1 and the discharge current of the battery pack of the battery power supply 1 increases and the discharge proceeds, the battery pack voltage VBi and the single battery voltage VBs are shown in FIG. Thus, the battery voltage gradually decreases in the end-of-discharge region, and overdischarge occurs.

  In particular, in a battery power source using a lithium ion battery, overcharge and overdischarge promote deterioration of battery characteristics, leading to a decrease in charge amount and a shortened life, and further, an overheat state due to overcharge and overdischarge is caused. Since it is expected to develop into a burnout failure, it is necessary to monitor and suppress so as not to cause overdischarge when operating a propulsion motor that is a load with only a battery power source.

  In the battery voltage characteristic diagram with respect to the remaining charge amount of the assembled battery or single battery in FIG. 9, the range from the remaining charge amount 100 at P1 to the remaining charge amount 30% at P3 is a normal use range that can be used normally. An assembled battery voltage that becomes, for example, 85% voltage at the P1 point where the lower limit charge amount is 30% is set as the normal use lower limit voltage VGL1. The P1 point to the P2 point where the remaining charge amount is 30 to 20% is set as the use monitoring range, and the assembled battery voltage that is, for example, 80% voltage at the lower limit P2 point is set as the alarm voltages VGL2 and VBL2. Then, from the P2 point to the P3 point where the remaining charge amount is 20 to 10%, the use prohibition range is set as the assembled battery voltage use prohibition voltage VGL3 which is, for example, 70% voltage at the lower limit P3 point.

  During the discharging operation, discharge voltage is controlled by constantly monitoring whether the voltage level of the assembled battery voltage VBi or the single battery voltage VBs is in the normal use range level, use monitoring range level, or use prohibition range level. By performing the above, it is possible to prevent an unstable operation of the system due to a battery voltage drop and to prevent overdischarge of the battery.

  In the drive system shown in FIG. 1, the load that requires the most electric power is the propulsion motor 14, and the operation state of the assembled battery (battery power source) 1 and the load state of the propulsion motor 14 are closely related.

FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the assembled battery voltage or single cell voltage of the battery power supply 1 and the motor speed limit value. As shown in FIG. 11, the electric current of the propulsion motor 1 changes in proportion to the cube of the motor speed. The cell voltage VBs1 or VBs2 selected by scanning by the first selection unit 24 and the second selection unit 25 in FIG. Reaches the lower limit setting voltage VBL of the unit cell voltage lower limit setting unit 23, the first voltage determination unit 27 or the second voltage determination unit 28 detects this and outputs the determination signal S1 or S2.

  When the selection voltage VBs1 of the first selection unit 24 is determined by the first voltage determination unit 27, the determination switching unit 29 is provided with S1L indicating that the determination signal S1 is a lower limit side determination signal. The determination switching unit 29 receives this and outputs a lower limit switching signal S3L. The first selection unit 24 receives the determination signal S1, stops the scanning operation, and continuously outputs the voltage VBS1 at the selected position. Further, the second selection unit 25 continuously continues scanning from the next position by the signal S5 from the first selection unit 24, and performs selection monitoring of the cell voltage after the next position.

  The unit cell voltage VBs1 selected by the first selection unit 24 is given to the assembled battery voltage conversion unit 40 by the detection switching unit 30 as the selected unit cell voltage VBss. The assembled battery voltage conversion unit 40 starts to operate in response to the discrimination switching signal S3L, and performs an operation for converting the single battery voltage VBss to the assembled battery equivalent voltage VBsn. The assembled battery equivalent voltage VBsn is obtained by multiplying the unit cell voltage VBss = VBs1 by the number n of unit cells connected in series of the assembled battery of the battery power source 1 as shown in the following equation (1).

VBsn = VBss × n (1)
The assembled battery equivalent voltage VBsn obtained by the assembled battery voltage conversion unit 40 is supplied to the unit cell voltage lower limit restriction command unit 38. The battery power supply voltage, and therefore the assembled battery voltage VBi, is also added to the unit cell voltage lower limit restriction command 38. For this purpose, a speed limit line MnL indicating the relationship between the assembled battery voltage VG or the assembled battery equivalent voltage VBsn and the speed limit signal MnD as shown in FIG. 10 is set in advance, and the signal S3L and the power generation operator command unit 50 are set. On the condition that the discharge operation signal BD from is added, the speed limit value MnD corresponding to the smaller one of the assembled battery equivalent voltage VBsn and the assembled battery voltage VBi is obtained from the speed limit MnL to drive the motor. Part 13 is given. As shown in FIG. 10, the speed limit signal MnD is, for example, a limit signal MnD1 at the point P1 if the battery pack voltage VGL1, a limit signal MnD2 at the point P2 if VGL2, and a limit signal MnD3 at the point P3 if VGL3. It becomes. The speed limit signal MnD3 with respect to the use prohibition voltage VGL3 stops the driving of the propulsion motor, and therefore becomes a limit signal that substantially indicates the propulsion motor speed of 0%.

  The motor drive control unit 13 that has received the speed limit signal MnD reduces the speed Ni of the propulsion motor 14 so that the motor speed Ni input from the battery power source 1 to the motor drive control unit 13 does not exceed MnD in the speed limit signal. The load on the battery power source 1 is reduced.

  For example, when the propulsion motor 14 is operated at point P0 in FIG. 11, that is, the propulsion motor speed is 100% of the rated speed and the propulsion motor current is IM0, the assembled battery voltage VBi or the assembled battery equivalent voltage When VBsn decreases to VGL1, a speed limit signal MnD1 is generated by the assembled battery lower limit limit command unit 38 and is supplied to the motor drive control unit 13, and the motor speed Ni is decreased to a speed limit signal MnD1 or less. As a result, when the motor speed Ni decreases to the speed MnD1 at the point P1 in FIG. 11, the motor current IM is greatly reduced from IM0 to IM1 of 10% or less of the rated current. Lowering from the current value is suppressed, and overdischarge is prevented from being lower than the lower limit voltages VBL and VGL.

  Further, when the second selection unit 25 during scanning reaches the lower limit set voltage VBL when the other cell voltage reaches the lower limit set voltage VBL, and this is determined by the second voltage determination unit 28, the detection switching is performed by the determination signal S2 generated at that time. The unit 30 switches the selection voltage from VBs1 of the first selection unit 24 to VBs2 of the second selection unit 25. In this case as well, as in the case of the unit cell selection voltage VBs1, the assembled battery voltage lower limit restriction command unit 38 sends the assembled battery conversion voltage VBsn of VBs2 so that the unit cell selection voltage VBs2 does not become the lower limit set voltage BVL or less. The speed limit signal MnD corresponding to the lower one of the assembled battery voltage VBi is obtained, and the speed of the propulsion motor 14 is controlled to be reduced, the motor current IM is reduced, and the decrease in the cell voltage is suppressed. .

  In addition, the first selection unit 24 restarts scanning from the single cell at the position next to the position where the second selection unit 25 stopped scanning by the signal S5 from the second selection unit 25, and the other single cell voltage Continue selective monitoring.

  If the unit cell selection voltage VBss continues to decrease, the speed limit signal MnD to the motivation drive control unit 13 also decreases so that the unit cell voltage does not decrease below the lower limit setting voltage VBL.

  When the assembled battery voltage VBi is lowered, the voltage limit line VL and the assembled voltage actual value VBi shown in FIG. 10 prepared in the assembled battery voltage lower limit restriction command unit 38 are provided, as in the case where the unit cell voltage VBs is lowered. The speed limit signal MnD is obtained from the intersection of the two and given to the motor drive control unit 13 to reduce the speed N of the propulsion motor 14 to reduce the motor current and control to reduce the load.

  When the assembled battery voltage VBi or the assembled battery phase equivalent voltage VBsn decreases to the prohibition voltage VGL3, a speed limit signal MnD3 that limits the speed of the propulsion motor to 0% speed is supplied to the propulsion motor drive control unit 13, whereby the propulsion motor 14 The driving current IM is set to zero, the driving of the propulsion motor is stopped, the further discharging of the battery power supply 1 is stopped, and the overdischarge is prevented.

5) Monitoring control recording operation The monitoring control recording unit 70 monitors the unit cell voltage VBs and the assembled battery voltage VBi, and reaches the limit voltage compared to the upper limit setting voltage VBU in the charging operation and the lower limit setting voltage VBL in the discharging operation. At the same time, the unit cell voltage and unit cell number are recorded, the assembled battery voltage state is monitored, an alarm / warning is issued when the alarm / warning level is reached, and the operation state is recorded. Based on this record, maintenance of the battery power source such as analysis of abnormality of the battery power source 1 and replacement of defective cells is performed.

6) Voltage and current limiting operation of the generator A voltage limiter 51 and a voltage limiter 54 are provided to limit the voltage of the generator.

  When the single battery voltage VBs reaches the upper limit set voltage VBL in the constant voltage charging mode, the voltage limiter 51 is the upper limit based on the battery pack implementation value VBi at that time given from the voltage upper limit limit command unit 37 by the determination switching signal S3C. In accordance with the limit voltage VGUL, the generator voltage command value VGs is limited so as not to exceed it.

  The voltage limiter 54 limits the generator voltage command value VGs output from the automatic / manual operation switching unit 53 so as not to exceed the limit voltage VGL applied from the voltage upper limit setting unit 55 of the generator. By preventing the output voltage VGi from becoming an overvoltage, overcharging of the unit cell and the assembled battery is prevented.

  For example, when the voltage foodback signal is lost due to disconnection of the single battery voltage detection unit 4 of the charge / discharge control unit 20 or the battery power supply (assembled battery) voltage detector 2, the generator voltage rises to infinity, and the generator voltage Becomes overvoltage. In addition, when the generator voltage is controlled manually, it is also expected that the generator will generate an overvoltage due to an operation error.

  The overvoltage of the generator voltage damages the generator self-confidence, and also damages the generator control device, the power supply circuit device, the battery of the battery power supply 1, etc., so that the generator voltage is overvoltaged by the voltage limiters 51 and 54. It is important to prevent

  The current limiter 57 that limits the upper limit current of the generator includes a generator current calculation unit based on the output (power) set value PGs set by the generator output setter 61 and the generator output voltage actual value VGi. The generator current IGU (= PGs / VGi) obtained by 62 is given as the upper limit IGU of the generator current. As a result, the current command value IGs given to the generator current adjustment unit 58 is limited to the current limit value IGU or less, and the upper limit of the generator current is limited, so that the prime mover 5 that drives the generator 6 is overloaded. Can be prevented.

1: Battery power (assembled battery)
B1 to B10 (Bn): single battery 2: battery power supply voltage detector 3: battery power supply current detector 4: single battery voltage detector 5: prime mover 6: generator 7: rectifier 8: power supply 9 for charging 9: power supply for charging Voltage detector 10: Charging power supply current detector 11: Motor drive control unit Input voltage detector 12: Motor drive control unit Current detector 13: Motor drive control unit 14: Propulsion motor 15: Speed detector 16: Motor speed setting 20: Charge control unit 21V: Charging voltage setting unit 21I: Charging current setting unit 21P: Charging power setting unit 22: Single cell upper limit voltage setting unit 23: Single cell lower limit voltage setting unit 24: First selection unit 25: Second Selection unit 26: clock pulse generation unit 27: first voltage determination unit 28: second voltage determination unit 29: discrimination signal switching unit 30: detection switching unit 31: correction calculation unit 32V: voltage storage correction calculation unit 32I: current storage correction Calculation unit 2P: Power storage correction calculation unit 33V: Voltage set value switching unit 33I: Current set value switching unit 33P: Power set value switching unit 34: Power calculation unit 35V: Charging voltage adjusting unit 35I: Charging current adjusting unit 35P: Charging power adjusting Unit 37: assembled battery upper limit voltage limit command unit 38: assembled battery lower limit voltage limit command unit 40: assembled battery (battery power supply) voltage conversion unit 44: charge mode switching unit 50: power generation control unit 50a: generator operation command unit 50c: Charge / discharge command contact 51: Generation voltage command limiter 52: Manual generator voltage setting unit 53: Operation switching unit 54: Generation voltage limiter 55: Generation voltage upper limit setting unit 56: Generator voltage adjustment unit 57: Generator current limit Unit 58: Generator current adjusting unit 59: Field current direct unit 61: Generator output setting device 62: Generator current upper limit limiting command unit 63: Field current control unit 64: Field current detector 65: Generator field Magnetism 70 Operation monitoring control unit

Claims (7)

A battery power source provided with at least one set of battery packs configured by connecting a plurality of rechargeable cells in series, a charging power source for charging the battery power source, and a charge / discharge control for controlling charging / discharging of the battery power source In a hybrid power supply device equipped with a device,
A battery cell voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of each battery cell of the battery power supply, and a battery pack voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of the battery pack;
The unit cell voltage detection means includes two sets of selection units that alternately and sequentially scan a plurality of unit cells connected in series with each other.
While the voltage of the single cell selected by the scanning by the two sets of selection means does not reach the preset single cell upper limit voltage or single cell lower limit voltage, it is based on the assembled battery voltage detected by the assembled battery voltage detection means. The charging / discharging control device controls the charging / discharging current of the battery power source so that the assembled battery voltage does not exceed the preset assembled battery upper limit voltage or the assembled battery lower limit voltage,
When it is detected that the voltage of the unit cell selected by any one of the selection means has reached a preset unit cell upper limit voltage or unit cell lower limit voltage, the selection unit scans at the position of the unit cell. Stop and continue to output the voltage of the cell,
When the other selection means continues to scan other cells and selects a cell whose cell voltage has reached the cell upper limit voltage or the cell lower limit voltage, scanning of the other selection means is stopped at that position. And continuously output the voltage of the single cell at that position, restart the scanning of the one selection means,
Based on the voltage of the unit cell selected by the selection means on the side where scanning is stopped, the battery is controlled by the charge / discharge control device so that the voltage of the unit cell does not exceed the unit cell upper limit voltage or unit cell lower limit voltage. A charge / discharge control system for a battery power supply, characterized by controlling a charge / discharge current of the power supply. The battery power supply charging operation is performed by selecting a constant voltage mode in which charging is performed at a constant voltage, a constant current charging mode in which charging is performed at a constant current, and a constant power charging mode in which charging is performed at a constant power. The charge / discharge control system for a battery power source according to claim 1 . During the discharging operation of the battery power source, when the assembled battery voltage or the single battery voltage reaches the assembled battery lower limit voltage or the single battery lower limit voltage, the assembled battery voltage or the single battery voltage is changed to the assembled battery lower limit voltage or the single battery lower limit voltage. charge and discharge control method of a battery power source according to claim 1, characterized in that reducing the load to be powered from the battery power supply so as not lower than the voltage. 4. The charge / discharge control system for a battery power source according to claim 3 , wherein a voltage obtained by converting the unit cell voltage into an assembled battery voltage is compared with the assembled battery voltage, and control is performed based on the lower voltage. A battery power source provided with at least one set of battery packs configured by connecting a plurality of rechargeable cells in series, a charging power source for charging the battery power source, and a charge / discharge control for controlling charging / discharging of the battery power source In a hybrid power supply device equipped with a device,
A battery cell voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of each battery cell of the battery power supply, and a battery pack voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of the battery pack;
While the voltage of the single cell detected by the single cell voltage detection means does not reach the preset single cell upper limit voltage or single cell lower limit voltage, based on the assembled battery voltage detected by the assembled battery voltage detection means, The charge / discharge current of the battery power source is controlled by the charge / discharge control device so that the assembled battery voltage does not exceed a preset assembled battery upper limit voltage or an assembled battery lower limit voltage,
When it is detected by the unit cell voltage detection means that any voltage of the unit cell has reached a preset unit cell upper limit voltage or unit cell lower limit voltage, the unit cell upper limit voltage or unit cell lower limit voltage The charge / discharge current of the battery power supply is controlled by the charge / discharge control device so that the voltage of the cell does not exceed the cell upper limit voltage or the cell lower limit voltage based on the voltage of the cell that has reached
During the discharging operation of the battery power source,
When the assembled battery voltage reaches the assembled battery lower limit voltage, the load supplied from the battery power source is reduced so that the assembled battery voltage does not fall below the assembled battery lower limit voltage,
When the unit cell voltage reaches the unit cell lower limit voltage, by performing the control based on the lowest voltage present by comparing the voltage and the battery pack voltage obtained by converting the single-cell voltage to the voltage of the battery module, the unit cell A charge / discharge control system for a battery power supply, wherein a load supplied from the battery power supply is reduced so that a voltage does not fall below the unit cell lower limit voltage . A voltage limiting means for limiting the output voltage of the generator to an upper limit voltage of the battery pack of the battery power source in the generator control device, comprising a power source for charging for charging the battery power source by a generator driven by a motor. 2. The charging / discharging control system for a battery power source according to claim 1 , further comprising current limiting means for limiting the output current of the generator to a predetermined current. The battery power supply charge / discharge control system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising operation monitoring control means for monitoring, recording, and alarming each operation state.

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