JP6314636B2 - Cutting device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting apparatus.

  Conventionally, Patent Document 1 has a work rotating means for rotating a columnar work around a cylindrical axis, and a cutting means for cutting in contact with the rotating work. A cutting device provided with spraying means for spraying a spray medium onto a processing part is described.

  In this prior art, when the workpiece is cut, the spray medium can be ejected to the processed portion of the workpiece, so heat generation due to friction during cutting can be suppressed. As a result, the machining part of the workpiece can be cooled to extend the life of the cutting means.

JP 2001-287103 A

  However, in the above prior art, since the spraying means sprays the spray medium (coolant) into the space opened to the atmosphere, the spray medium sprayed from the spraying means is the workpiece (workpiece) processing part (the cutting edge of the cutting tool). ), The pressure of the spray medium is reduced to a pressure equivalent to the atmospheric pressure.

  For this reason, since the pressure of the spray medium becomes lower than the cutting pressure, it is difficult to reliably supply the spray medium to the work portion of the workpiece. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to sufficiently cool the processed portion of the workpiece, and it is difficult to sufficiently suppress the wear of the cutting tool.

  In particular, when the workpiece is a high-hardness material, heat generation due to friction at the time of cutting increases, and thus the above problem becomes significant.

  An object of this invention is to improve the supply property of the coolant to the blade edge | tip of a blade tool in view of the said point.

In order to achieve the above object, in the invention described in claim 1,
A cutting tool (11) for turning the rotating work material (1);
A breaker (17) for cutting off chips (1a) extending from the work material (1);
A pump (19) for discharging the coolant,
The breaker (17) includes a breaker-side coolant channel (17a) through which coolant discharged from the pump (19) flows, and the coolant that flows through the breaker-side coolant channel (17a) to the cutting edge (11a) of the cutting tool (11). And a discharge port (17b) for discharging toward the
The breaker (17) has a shape that forms a local space (22) between the blade (11) and the chips (1a) that suppresses the pressure drop of the coolant discharged from the discharge port (17b). ,
The breaker (17) is formed with a gap forming part (17e) that forms a gap (C1) between the chip (1a),
The local space (22) communicates with the external space through the gap (C1),
The size of the gap (C1) is determined by the mounting position of the breaker (17),
Mounting position of the breaker (17), characterized in that there is a position where the pressure of the coolant in a local space (22) (P1) is the dimension of the gap (C1) such as above the cutting pressure.

  Thereby, since the pressure fall of the coolant discharged toward the blade edge | tip (11a) of a blade tool (11) can be suppressed, the supply property of the coolant to the blade edge | tip (11a) of a blade tool (11) can be improved. Therefore, the cutting edge (11a) of the cutting tool (11) can be well cooled to suppress wear of the cutting tool (11).

Specifically, in the invention according to claim 1, like the invention according to claim 2,
The breaker (17) is formed with a gap forming part (17e) that forms a gap (C1) between the chip (1a),
The local space (22) communicates with the external space through the gap (C1),
By generating resistance due to the viscosity of the coolant in the gap (C1), the outflow of coolant from the local space (22) to the external space is suppressed. Thereby, it can suppress that the pressure of a coolant falls in local space (22).

  In addition, the code | symbol in the bracket | parenthesis of each means described in this column and the claim shows the correspondence with the specific means as described in embodiment mentioned later.

It is a whole lineblock diagram of the cutting device in one embodiment. It is principal part sectional drawing of the cutting apparatus in one Embodiment. It is a top view of a cutting tool, a holder, and a breaker in one embodiment. It is a three-view figure of the breaker in one Embodiment. It is a top view of a blade tool and a holder in one embodiment. It is a process flow figure of the cutting method in one embodiment. It is a top view explaining the processing state in one embodiment. It is a perspective view explaining the processing state in one Embodiment. It is sectional drawing explaining the processing state in one Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the dimension of the clearance gap between the chip and the breaker in one Embodiment, and the pressure of the coolant in local space.

  Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the cutting device 10 is a device that performs an outer diameter turning process, and includes a cutting tool 11, a holder 12, a feeding device 13, a rotating device 14, and a control device 15.

  The cutting tool 11 has a square-shaped portion constituting the cutting edge 11a. The cutting edge 11a of the cutting tool 11 and its vicinity constitute a rake face for cutting (turning) the work material 1.

  In this example, the material of the abrasive grains of the blade 11 is CBN particles (Cubic boron nitride), and the material of the binder of the blade 11 is TiCN (titanium carbonitride). In this example, the work material 1 is a high hardness material.

  The blade 11 is attached to the tip of the holder 12. The blade 11 is fixed to the holder 12 with a bolt 16. The holder 12 is fed and driven by a feeding device 13. The work material 1 is driven to rotate about the rotation axis R1 by the rotation device 14.

  The operations of the feeding device 13 and the rotating device 14 are controlled by the control device 15. The control device 15 includes a microcomputer including a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like and peripheral circuits thereof, and performs various calculations and processes based on a machining control program stored in the ROM.

  In FIG. 2, the principal part of the cutting apparatus 10 is shown in a sectional view cut along a plane substantially orthogonal to the rotation axis R1. As shown in FIG. 2, the holder 12 has a flat surface portion 12 a. The cutting tool 11 is attached so that it may fit in the hollow part 12b formed in the plane part 12a of the holder 12. FIG. The cutting tool 11 is also formed with a flat portion 11b. In a state where the cutting tool 11 is attached to the holder 12, the flat surface portion 12 a of the cutting tool 11 is positioned on the same plane as the flat surface portion 12 a of the holder 12.

  A breaker 17 is attached to the holder 12. The breaker 17 plays a role of bending the chips 1 a and cutting the workpiece 1 when the cutting tool 11 cuts the workpiece 1.

  The breaker 17 overlaps the blades 11 and the flat portions 12 a and 11 a of the holder 12. In FIG. 1, the breaker 17 is not shown. As shown in FIG. 3, the breaker 17 is fixed to the holder 12 with a bolt 18. The site | part corresponding to the blade edge | tip 11a of the cutting tool 11 among the breakers 17 is a square shape.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the breaker 17 and the holder 12 form coolant channels 12c and 17a. An inlet portion of the coolant channel 12 c (holder side coolant channel) of the holder 12 is connected to a coolant discharge port of the coolant pump 19 via a coolant pipe 18. A pressure sensor 20 that detects the pressure of the coolant discharged from the coolant pump 19 is disposed in the coolant pipe 18.

  The outlet portion of the coolant flow path 12 c of the holder 12 is open to the flat portion 12 a of the holder 12. The inlet portion of the coolant channel 17 a (breaker side coolant channel) of the breaker 17 faces the outlet portion of the coolant channel 12 c of the holder 12.

  A coolant discharge port 17 b is opened at the most distal portion of the breaker 17. The most advanced portion of the breaker 17 is a portion of the breaker 17 that is closest to the cutting edge 11 a of the cutting tool 11. The coolant discharge port 17b discharges the coolant in the coolant channel 17a of the breaker 17.

  The position of the most distal portion of the breaker 17 is shifted by a predetermined distance with respect to the position of the cutting edge 11 a of the cutting tool 11. In order to be able to adjust the distance between the cutting edge 11 a of the cutting tool 11 and the most distal portion of the breaker 17, the attachment position of the breaker 17 with respect to the holder 12 can be adjusted.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a portion of the coolant channel 17 a of the breaker 17 on the coolant discharge port 17 b side is formed between a groove 17 c formed on the bottom surface of the breaker 17 and the flat portion 11 b of the blade 11. Yes. As shown in FIG. 4, a bolt hole 17 d is formed in the breaker 17.

  As shown in FIG. 5, an O-ring 21 is disposed on the outer periphery of the outlet portion of the coolant channel 12 c in the holder 12. The O-ring 21 prevents coolant leakage from the connection portion between the holder-side coolant channel 12c and the breaker-side coolant channel 17a.

  Next, a cutting method using the cutting apparatus 10 will be described with reference to FIG. First, a tool setting process and a pump setting process are performed according to the processing conditions (initial setting process).

  In the tool setting step, the cutting tool 11, the holder 12, the breaker 17, and the work material 1 are set. Then, by adjusting the attachment position of the breaker 17 with respect to the holder 12, the distance between the cutting edge 11 a of the cutting tool 11 and the most distal portion of the breaker 17 is adjusted. In the pump setting process, the coolant discharge pressure P1 of the coolant pump 19 is set.

  Next, processing in the first cycle is performed. Specifically, the first cycle of machining is started when the control device 15 starts the machining program.

  Processing conditions are set in advance in the processing program. Specifically, the machining conditions are a cutting speed (rotational speed), a cutting feed speed, and a cutting depth. The machining conditions are selected according to the material of the work material 1, the material of the cutting tool 11, and the like.

  When the machining program is started, first, coolant is discharged from the coolant pump 19. Thereby, the coolant is discharged from the coolant discharge port 17b of the breaker 17 toward the cutting edge 11a of the cutting tool 11.

  Next, cutting (turning) is started. Specifically, the work material 1 is driven to rotate by the rotating device 14, and the holder 12 and the blade 11 are driven to be driven by the feeding device 13. Thereby, the work material 1 is cut (turned) by the cutting tool 11.

  When the holder 12 and the blade 11 are fed and driven to a predetermined position by the feeding device 13, the first cycle of processing is completed. Specifically, the rotation drive of the work material 1 by the rotation device 14 is stopped, and the feed drive of the holder 12 and the blade 11 by the feed device 13 is stopped. Next, the coolant discharge from the coolant pump 19 is stopped. Thereby, the processing of the first cycle is completed.

  Next, the second and subsequent cycles are processed in the same procedure as the first cycle. When the processing of the predetermined cycle is completed, the cutting (turning) using the cutting device 10 is completed.

  7, 8 and 9 are diagrams for explaining the machining state. As shown in the plan view of FIG. 7, the work material 1 is rotated at a cutting speed V1, and the cutting tool 11 is fed at a cutting feed speed V2 to cut the work material 1 with a cutting amount A1.

  Thereby, as shown in the perspective view of FIG. 8, chips 1 a are generated from the work material 1. The thickness and width of the chip 1a are determined according to the cutting amount A1. The chip 1a extends in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the work material 1 (upward in FIG. 8).

  At this time, as shown in a cross-sectional view of FIG. 9 (a cross-sectional view cut along a plane substantially orthogonal to the rotation axis R1 of the work material 1), the chips 1a before being separated from the work material 1 by the breaker 17; A local space 22 is formed between the gap forming portion 17 e of the breaker 17 and the blade 11.

  The gap forming part 17e of the breaker 17 forms a minute gap C1 between the chip 1a. The local space 22 communicates with the external space through a minute gap C1.

  High-pressure coolant is discharged from the coolant discharge port 17 b of the breaker 17 into the local space 22. In the minute gap C1, resistance due to the viscosity of the coolant increases. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the coolant in the local space 22 from flowing out to the external space through the gap C1, so that the pressure of the coolant in the local space 22 can be maintained at a high pressure. As a result, since the coolant can be supplied to the processing tip at a high pressure, the cutting edge 11a of the cutting tool 11 can be cooled well to suppress wear.

  The smaller the dimension of the gap C1 between the chip 1a and the breaker 17, the greater the resistance due to the viscosity of the coolant. Therefore, as shown in the graph of FIG. 10, the smaller the dimension of the gap C <b> 1 between the chips 1 a and the breaker 17, the lower the coolant pressure P <b> 1 in the local space 22 can be suppressed.

  Therefore, the coolant can be reliably supplied to the processing tip by reducing the size of the gap C1 so that the coolant pressure P1 in the local space 22 exceeds the cutting pressure.

  In the present embodiment, the breaker 17 has a breaker-side coolant channel 17a through which coolant discharged from the pump 19 flows, and a discharge port 17b that discharges the coolant that has flowed through the breaker-side coolant channel 17a toward the cutting edge 11a of the cutting tool 11. And form. Furthermore, the breaker 17 has a shape that forms a local space 22 between the cutting tool 11 and the chip 1a that suppresses the pressure drop of the coolant discharged from the discharge port 17b.

  According to this, since the pressure drop of the coolant discharged toward the cutting edge 11a of the cutting tool 11 can be suppressed, the supply of the coolant to the cutting edge 11a of the cutting tool 11 can be improved. Therefore, the cutting edge 11a of the cutting tool 11 can be well cooled to suppress wear of the cutting tool 11.

  Specifically, the breaker 17 is formed with a gap forming portion 17e that forms a gap C1 between the chip 1a and the resistance due to the viscosity of the coolant in the gap C1. This prevents the coolant from flowing out. Thereby, the pressure drop of the coolant can be suppressed in the local space 22.

  In this embodiment, the discharge port 17b is formed in the site | part nearest to the blade edge | tip 11a among the breakers 17. FIG. Thereby, since the pressure drop of the coolant discharged toward the cutting edge 11a of the cutting tool 11 can be further suppressed, the supply of the coolant to the cutting edge 11a of the cutting tool 11 can be further improved.

  In the present embodiment, a groove 17c that forms the discharge port 17b is formed on the surface of the breaker 17 that is superposed on the blade 11. Thereby, the structure which forms the discharge outlet 17b in the breaker 17 can be simplified.

  In the present embodiment, the holder 12 is formed with a holder-side coolant channel 12c through which coolant discharged from the pump 19 flows and communicates with the breaker-side coolant channel 17a. Thereby, the structure which supplies a coolant to the breaker side coolant flow path 17a can be simplified.

(Other embodiments)
The above embodiment can be variously modified as follows, for example.

  (1) Although the cutting tool 11 has a substantially rhombic plate shape in the above embodiment, the cutting tool 11 may have various shapes such as a triangular plate shape.

  (2) Although the breaker 17 has a substantially rhomboid plate shape in the above embodiment, the breaker 17 may have various shapes such as a triangular plate shape.

  (3) In the above-described embodiment, the work material 1 is a high-hardness material, but is not limited thereto, and the cutting apparatus 10 can cut the work material 1 of various materials.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Work material 1a Chip 11 Cutting tool 11a Cutting edge 12 Holder 12c Holder side coolant flow path 17 Breaker 17a Breaker side coolant flow path 17b Discharge port 17c Groove 17e Gap formation part 19 Coolant pump 22 Local space

Claims (5)

A cutting tool (11) for turning the rotating work material (1);
A breaker (17) for cutting off chips (1a) extending from the work material (1);
A pump (19) for discharging the coolant,
The breaker (17) includes a breaker side coolant channel (17a) through which the coolant discharged from the pump (19) flows, and the coolant that has flowed through the breaker side coolant channel (17a) as the cutting tool (11). A discharge port (17b) for discharging toward the blade edge (11a) of
The said breaker (17) forms the local space (22) which suppresses the pressure fall of the said coolant discharged from the said discharge outlet (17b) between the said blade (11) and the said chip (1a). Have
The breaker (17) is formed with a gap forming part (17e) that forms a gap (C1) with the chips (1a),
The local space (22) communicates with an external space through the gap (C1),
The size of the gap (C1) is determined by the mounting position of the breaker (17),
Mounting position of the breaker (17) is characterized in that the pressure of the coolant (P1) is sized a position of the gap that exceeds the cutting pressure (C1) in said local space (22) Cutting device. By resistance occurs due to the viscosity of the coolant before Symbol clearance (C1), according to claim 1, characterized in that the outflow of the coolant from the local space (22) is adapted to be inhibited Cutting equipment.   The cutting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the discharge port (17b) is formed in a portion of the breaker (17) that is closest to the cutting edge (11a). The breaker (17) is superimposed on the cutting tool (11),
The groove | channel (17c) which forms the said discharge outlet (17b) is formed in the surface superimposed on the said cutting tool (11) among the said breakers (17), Any one of Claim 1 thru | or 3 characterized by the above-mentioned. The cutting apparatus as described in any one. A holder (12) to which the blade (11) and the breaker (17) are fixed;
The holder (12) is formed with a holder-side coolant passage (12c) through which the coolant discharged from the pump (19) flows and communicates with the breaker-side coolant passage (17a). The cutting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cutting apparatus is characterized in that:

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