JP6311065B2 - 燃料電池システムのためのバーナ蒸発器 - Google Patents
燃料電池システムのためのバーナ蒸発器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6311065B2 JP6311065B2 JP2017502256A JP2017502256A JP6311065B2 JP 6311065 B2 JP6311065 B2 JP 6311065B2 JP 2017502256 A JP2017502256 A JP 2017502256A JP 2017502256 A JP2017502256 A JP 2017502256A JP 6311065 B2 JP6311065 B2 JP 6311065B2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 177
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;hydrate Chemical class O.OC GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
- H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01B—BOILING; BOILING APPARATUS ; EVAPORATION; EVAPORATION APPARATUS
- B01B1/00—Boiling; Boiling apparatus for physical or chemical purposes ; Evaporation in general
- B01B1/005—Evaporation for physical or chemical purposes; Evaporation apparatus therefor, e.g. evaporation of liquids for gas phase reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/0011—Heating features
- B01D1/0058—Use of waste energy from other processes or sources, e.g. combustion gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/04—Evaporators with horizontal tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
- F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
- F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
- F23D11/443—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners heated by the main burner flame
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
- F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
- F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
- F23D11/443—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners heated by the main burner flame
- F23D11/445—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners heated by the main burner flame the flame and the vaporiser not coming into direct contact
-
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
-
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04731—Temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
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- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
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- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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- C01B2203/1288—Evaporation of one or more of the different feed components
- C01B2203/1294—Evaporation by heat exchange with hot process stream
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Description
Claims (15)
- ‐燃料電池スタックと、
‐接触改質器と、
‐遊離水素の一部を生成するために接触改質器を介して供給されるメタノールと水の混合物を蒸発させるための蒸発器と、
を備えた燃料電池システムであって、
‐前記燃料電池スタックは、電流を流すためのアノードおよびカソードの形態の電極を各々が特徴とする、複数のプロトン交換膜燃料電池から構成され、アノードとの接触による遊離水素のイオン形態への反応は電極間の電流の流れに比例し、
‐前記燃料電池システムが安定した電流生産状態に入ることのできる温度レベルまで前記システムを加熱するための熱を提供するための流体燃料バーナを、さらに備えた、
燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記システムは、前記バーナ用の液体燃料を加熱するためのバーナ燃料蒸発器をさらに含み、前記バーナ燃料蒸発器は、熱を生成するためバーナに導かれる液体燃料を微細ミスト状の燃料に蒸発させるために、前記バーナからの熱の形態のエネルギを吸収することができるように前記バーナに近接して配設されており、
前記バーナ燃料蒸発器は、予蒸発器を形成する第一セクションが、前記液体燃料を部分的に蒸発させて液滴、小滴、およびミストにした後、ノズルを形成する第二セクションが、前記液体燃料を微細ミストに霧化し、その後に前記微細ミストが、液体燃料をさらに加熱し安定化させて気相にする経路である第三セクションに送られるように構成されており、
前記予蒸発器は、複数のチャンバに分割されており、隣接するチャンバは、前記液体燃料の液滴を通過させるための間隙を介して相互につながっていること、を特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 前記予蒸発器は、略垂直方向の壁を持つ少なくとも一つの井戸形キャビティによって形成され、前記キャビティ内に少なくとも一つの突出ロッドが配設され、前記壁および前記突出ロッドは前記液体燃料を加熱するための加熱要素を形成することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記井戸形キャビティは壁および突出ロッドを持つチャネルを形成し、その中で前記液体燃料は重力のため壁から壁に跳飛して、液体燃料の液滴を液滴、小滴、およびミストへと霧化し蒸発させることができることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 加熱要素を形成する前記突出ロッドは、前記井戸形キャビティ内であらゆる方向に突出することができるように構成されることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 加熱要素を形成する前記突出ロッドは、三角形から略円形に達するまで多辺形にわたって多数の側面により形成されることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 加熱要素を形成する前記突出ロッドの側面の形状は、平面から曲面または凹面まで様々な形状とすることができることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記壁および前記突出ロッドは、残留液体燃料が重力のため前記井戸形キャビティの突出部と衝突することのできる液滴を形成するように適応された、ノーズを形成するエッジを有していることを特徴とする、請求項2ないし6に記載のシステム。
- 加熱要素を形成する前記突出ロッドは、前記井戸形キャビティ内に縦横に配列されることを特徴とする、請求項2ないし7に記載のシステム。
- 前記予蒸発器の各チャンバは、壁の負に角度付けられた略垂直部分と、その後に続く壁の正に角度付けられた略垂直部分と、を含むことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記チャンバ間の前記間隙は、後続のより低い圧力のチャンバ内へ前記液体燃料を二相霧化させるための圧力ノズルを形成するように適応されることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記液体燃料を微細ミストに霧化する前記ノズルは、前記液体燃料のミストへの霧化を支援する圧力降下をもたらすために、縮小断面の通路の後に続く拡大断面の通路によって形成されることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし10のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 二相霧化のための減圧ノズルは前記井戸形キャビティの最後の出口を形成することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記改質器へ送られるように液体燃料を加熱するための前記蒸発器は、前記燃料電池システムの迅速な始動を容易にするため、液体燃料の蒸発を加速して前記改質器に送られる微細ミスト状の燃料にするために、前記バーナからの熱の形態のエネルギを吸収することができるように配設されることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし12のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記液体燃料を前記燃料電池スタックへ送られるシンガスに改質するための前記改質器は、前記燃料電池システムの迅速な始動を容易にするため、前記バーナからの熱の形態のエネルギを吸収することができるように配設されることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし13に記載のシステム。
- 前記燃料電池スタックを冷却するための冷却システムは、前記燃料電池システムの迅速な始動を容易にするため、前記バーナからの熱の形態のエネルギを吸収することができるように配設されたラジエータを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1ないし14に記載のシステム。
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DKPA201400393A DK178844B1 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2014-07-16 | A burner evaporator for a fuel cell system |
PCT/DK2015/000025 WO2016008486A1 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2015-07-16 | A burner evaporator for a fuel cell system |
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CN105633438A (zh) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-06-01 | 常州博能新能源有限公司 | 一种用于甲醇燃料电池组的重整制氢系统 |
CN105591139A (zh) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-05-18 | 常州博能新能源有限公司 | 一种用于重整制氢燃料电池组的传热结构 |
EP3753060B1 (en) * | 2018-02-16 | 2024-01-03 | Fischer Eco Solutions GmbH | Fuel cell system and method for its operation |
CN113079706B (zh) | 2018-11-20 | 2024-05-28 | 蓝界科技控股公司 | 燃料电池系统及其用途和操作方法 |
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DE19822689A1 (de) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-25 | Volkswagen Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Erzeugen elektrischer Energie mittels eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
CA2345966C (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2003-04-01 | Idatech Llc | Fuel processing system |
JP3582062B2 (ja) * | 2000-07-06 | 2004-10-27 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料蒸発器の暖機装置 |
JP3930351B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-15 | 2007-06-13 | 義郎 宇高 | 積層型蒸発器 |
US20030223926A1 (en) * | 2002-04-14 | 2003-12-04 | Edlund David J. | Steam reforming fuel processor, burner assembly, and methods of operating the same |
EP1516663A3 (en) * | 2002-04-14 | 2006-03-22 | IdaTech, LLC. | Steam reformer with burner |
US6660050B1 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-12-09 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method for controlling deposits in the fuel reformer of a fuel cell system |
US20060156627A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2006-07-20 | Ultracell Corporation | Fuel processor for use with portable fuel cells |
JP4655464B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-24 | 2011-03-23 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料改質装置 |
US6923642B2 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2005-08-02 | General Motors Corporation | Premixed prevaporized combustor |
WO2006069057A2 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2006-06-29 | Ultracell Corporation | Fuel processor for use with portable fuel cells |
JP4703250B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-28 | 2011-06-15 | ダイニチ工業株式会社 | 燃料電池用水素供給装置の燃焼装置 |
US20080187797A1 (en) * | 2006-07-10 | 2008-08-07 | Protonex Technology Corporation | Fuel processor for fuel cell systems |
US8273487B2 (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2012-09-25 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system with fuel distillation unit |
CA2683708A1 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-23 | Energy Conversion Technology As | Hydrogen system and method for starting up a hydrogen system |
DE102007030605B4 (de) * | 2007-07-02 | 2013-11-07 | Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG | Verdampferbaugruppe, insbesondere für ein brennstoffbetriebenes Fahrzeugheizgerät oder einen Reformer |
JP2010083684A (ja) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-15 | Casio Computer Co Ltd | 気化装置及び反応装置 |
US9371991B2 (en) * | 2011-02-01 | 2016-06-21 | Precision Combustion, Inc. | Apparatus and method for vaporizing a liquid fuel |
DE102011050025A1 (de) * | 2011-04-30 | 2012-10-31 | Webasto Ag | Verdampferbrenner für ein mobiles Heizgerät |
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US11121387B2 (en) | 2021-09-14 |
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DK3169418T3 (da) | 2021-10-04 |
CN106573180A (zh) | 2017-04-19 |
KR20170055958A (ko) | 2017-05-22 |
DK201400393A1 (en) | 2016-01-25 |
EP3169418A1 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
US20170222240A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
EP3169418B1 (en) | 2021-06-30 |
WO2016008486A1 (en) | 2016-01-21 |
CA2954943A1 (en) | 2016-01-21 |
DK178844B1 (en) | 2017-03-20 |
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