JP6308440B2 - Endoscope - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an endoscope that images the inside of an observation target that cannot be directly observed from the outside.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, endoscopes for imaging a patient's body and the inside of devices and structures are widely used in the medical field and the industrial field. As an endoscope of this type, at the insertion part inserted inside the observation object, the light from the imaging part is imaged on the light receiving surface of the image sensor by the objective lens system, and the imaged light is converted into an electrical signal. A configuration is known in which a video signal is transmitted to an external image processing apparatus or the like via a signal cable.

  In the rigid portion provided at the tip of this type of endoscope, a large number of components such as an imaging element and a lens that forms an optical image on the imaging surface of the imaging element are arranged. The optical element is integrally held in the lens barrel, and the lens barrel and the image sensor are supported by a holder and accommodated in the housing. Recently, there has been known a configuration in which an imaging direction, that is, a visual field is changed based on an operation of a practitioner or the like by connecting a rigid portion to an insertable portion.

  As such an endoscope, for example, an axis having a proximal end and a distal end, and having an axis having one or more holes therein, and disposed at the distal end of the axis, or One or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) disposed adjacent to the distal end, the one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) for illuminating tissue, and an image disposed at the distal end of the axis An assembly comprising an image sensor for generating an image of the tissue, a plurality of control cables selectively pulled to bend the axis in a desired direction, and a plurality joined together with a spring segment A plurality of links, the plurality of links being bendable under one or more of the plurality of control cables, wherein at least a portion of the spring segment is The plurality of Each and articulated joint disposed inside the defined recesses on the inside surface of the tank, the image endoscope comprising an exterior on the joint the joint is disclosed (Patent Document 1). According to Patent Document 1, it is possible to image an arbitrary direction by bending a joint joint and to observe a wider range of images.

Japanese Patent No. 4676427

  However, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, displacement between individual links included in the joint joint constituting the insertion portion is accumulated when moving the visual field, and as a result, the entire joint joint is bent. Since the amount of displacement of each link is mechanically limited, the total length of the joint joint becomes longer when attempting to expand the visual field movement range. Furthermore, since the joint joint is curved so as to draw an arc as a whole, especially in a situation where the endoscope must be used in a narrow space, it becomes difficult to bend the joint joint itself. There is a problem that the moving range of the visual field is limited. This problem occurs similarly even if the insertion portion is formed of a flexible tube or the like instead of the joint joint.

  The present invention has been devised to solve such problems of the prior art, and its main purpose is to move the field of view widely even when used in a narrow space. It is to provide a possible endoscope.

  The present invention provides an insertion portion that is bendable and extends from a proximal end to a free end, and an operation force that is fixed on the free end side and is generated on the proximal end side to bend the insertion portion. The first power transmission member that transmits the traction force toward the free end side, the functional member pivotally supported on the free end side, and the base end side to displace the functional member. A second power transmission member that transmits an operating force as a rotational force toward the free end, and the first power transmission member and the second power transmission member are inserted from the base end to the free end. It is the endoscope extended in the hollow part of the part.

  According to the present invention, it is not necessary to increase the bending angle of the insertion portion, and the direction in which the functional member faces can be changed over a wide range even if the insertion portion is configured to be short. Further, since the driving force for changing the direction in which the functional member faces is separated and transmitted to the traction force and the rotational force in the insertion portion, mutual interference between the power transmission members is prevented, and the first power transmission member And independence of the operation based on the second power transmission member can be ensured.

1 is an overall configuration diagram of an endoscope according to an embodiment of the present invention. The perspective view which shows the structure of an insertion part Explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the basic composition of a connection part, the state of a connection part, and the bending state of an insertion part. Explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the basic composition of a connection part, the state of a connection part, and the bending state of an insertion part. Schematic configuration diagram of the pulling member and wire guide constituting the connecting portion as seen from the front (A), (b) is explanatory drawing which shows the 1st modification of a connection part. (A), (b) is a perspective view which shows the structure of the rigid part attached to the free end of an insertion part. Explanatory drawing which shows the structure which transmits the driving force used for tilting operation to a rigid part Explanatory drawing which shows the structure which transmits the driving force used for tilting operation to a rigid part (A) is explanatory drawing which shows the 2nd modification of a connection part, (b) is explanatory drawing which shows the 3rd modification of a connection part. (A) is an exploded perspective view showing a specific configuration of the connecting portion, (b) is an explanatory view showing a configuration for enlarging the traction amount, and (c) is an explanatory view showing a main portion of (b). Explanatory drawing which shows the 4th modification of a connection part. Explanatory drawing which shows the bending state of the insertion part in a 4th modification. Explanatory drawing which shows the 5th modification of a connection part. Explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the endoscope in a 5th modification, and the bending state of an insertion part.

  The present invention, which has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, is capable of bending, an insertion portion extending from the proximal end to the free end, and fixed to the free end side so as to bend the insertion portion. In order to displace the functional member, a first power transmission member that transmits the operating force generated on the side toward the free end as a traction force, a functional member pivotally supported on the free end, A second power transmission member that transmits the operating force generated on the base end side as a rotational force toward the free end side, and the first power transmission member and the second power transmission member include the second power transmission member, It extends from the proximal end to the free end in the hollow portion of the insertion portion.

  Accordingly, it is not necessary to increase the bending angle of the insertion portion, and the direction in which the functional member faces can be changed in a wide range even if the insertion portion is configured to be short. Further, since the driving force for changing the direction in which the functional member faces is separated and transmitted to the traction force and the rotational force in the insertion portion, mutual interference between the power transmission members is prevented, and the first power transmission member And independence of the operation based on the second power transmission member can be ensured.

  In the present invention, the first power transmission member is disposed along the inner surface of the insertion portion, and the second power transmission member is disposed at a substantially center in the radial direction of the insertion portion.

  As a result, the transmission path between the first power transmission member and the second power transmission member can be completely separated, and interference between the first power transmission member and the second power transmission member can be reliably eliminated.

  In the present invention, the first power transmission member is composed of at least one control wire, and a terminal end of the control wire is fixed to an inner surface of the insertion portion.

  Accordingly, the insertion portion can be bent by pulling the control wire whose end is fixed to the inner surface of the insertion portion.

  Further, the present invention includes a plurality of the control wires, and at least one of the control wires is fixed to the inner surface of the insertion portion in the middle between the base end and the free end.

  Thus, by pulling the control wire fixed to the inner surface of the insertion portion on the free end side and the control wire fixed to the inner surface of the insertion portion between the base end and the free end, the insertion portion is pulled. It is possible to bend into a more complicated shape.

  In the present invention, the second power transmission member is formed of a spring joint.

  Accordingly, the rotational force can be transmitted even when the spring joint is curved, so that the driving force can be reliably transmitted even when the insertion portion is curved.

  The present invention further comprises a rigid portion that houses the functional member and a functional member displacement portion that displaces the functional member on the free end side, and the functional member displacement portion rotates the second power transmission member. The functional member is displaced in a direction inclined with respect to the axis.

  This makes it possible to displace the functional member housed in the rigid portion based on the transmitted rotational force on the free end side of the curved insertion portion.

  According to the present invention, the functional member displacing portion is screwed into the lead screw that transmits the rotational force of the second power transmission member and the inside of the rigid portion as the lead screw rotates. A drive arm that moves in the front-rear direction; and an engagement portion that engages the tip of the drive arm and the functional member, and the functional member with respect to the rotation shaft of the second power transmission member by the movement of the drive arm The inclination angle is changed.

  Accordingly, the rotational motion transmitted by the second power transmission member is converted into a linear motion, and the functional member pivotally supported by the rigid portion is displaced based on the converted linear motion, so that the second power transmission member By reducing the amount of displacement of the functional member per rotation, the direction in which the functional member faces can be finely adjusted.

  In addition, the present invention is supported on the linear part with one end attached to the base end side of the insertion part and provided with a hollow part extending in the axial direction, and on the other end side of the linear part, A traction member for traction of the first power transmission member, and an inclination setting portion for inclining the traction member with respect to a plane orthogonal to the axial direction of the linear portion and fixing an inclination direction and an inclination angle of the traction member; Are further provided.

  Thus, by tilting the traction member by the inclination setting unit, it is possible to control the traction amount for pulling the first power transmission member and adjust the bending angle of the insertion unit.

  In the present invention, the first power transmission member includes a plurality of control wires connected to the traction member, and the inclination direction or the inclination angle of the traction member changes by operating the inclination setting unit. The insertion portion is curved by selectively applying a traction force to a plurality of control wires connected to the traction member.

  Accordingly, one or a plurality of control wires to be pulled out of the plurality of control wires are selected based on the operation of the practitioner or the like, and the insertion portion can be bent in an arbitrary direction.

  Further, in the present invention, when the linear portion is rotated with its axial direction as a rotation axis, the traction member rotates together with the linear portion, and when the traction member rotates, the inclination setting portion The inclination direction and the inclination angle of the traction member when viewed from a predetermined direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the straight portion are fixed.

  As a result, the inclination direction and the inclination angle of the traction member when viewed from a predetermined direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the linear portion are fixed, so that the insertion direction is maintained while maintaining the bending direction and the bending angle of the insertion portion. It becomes possible to rotate the hard part provided at the tip of the part around the direction in which the tip of the hard part faces.

  The present invention also includes a power cut-off member that cuts off the transmission of rotational force by the second power transmission member when the linear portion is rotated with the axial direction as a rotation axis.

  Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the second driving force transmission member from rotating relatively when the linear portion is rotated, and the functional member from being displaced by the rotational force.

  In the present invention, the power shut-off member is constituted by an electromagnetic clutch.

  This makes it possible to reliably block the rotational force of the second driving force transmission member with a simple configuration.

  The present invention further includes a wire guide that guides the plurality of control wires to the hollow portion of the straight portion, and start ends of the plurality of control wires are fixed to an outer peripheral side of the pulling member and guided by the wire guide. Terminations of the plurality of control wires are fixed to the inner surface of the insertion portion.

  As a result, it is possible to reliably guide the control wire from the outer peripheral side of the pulling member to the free end side of the insertion portion through the hollow portion of the linear portion by changing the direction in which the control wire is routed.

  In the present invention, the wire guide is provided so as not to be relatively displaceable with respect to the linear portion.

  As a result, the position of the wire guide is fixed, so that the control wire can be efficiently pulled along with the inclination of the pulling member.

  In the present invention, the pulling member is supported by a spherical bearing provided in the tilt setting portion.

  This makes it possible to incline the pulling member in an arbitrary direction using a simple configuration.

  In the present invention, the traction member is constituted by a bearing.

  Thus, in a state where the inner ring of the bearing is supported by being tilted by the spherical bearing, the control wire having the start end fixed to the outer ring side of the bearing, the straight part connected to the outer ring side of the bearing, and the wire fixed to the straight part The guide can be rotated simultaneously.

  In addition, the present invention provides a distal end of the functional member by rotating the pivotally supported functional member in a direction in which the distal end of the functional member faces by bending the insertion portion that is linear as an initial state. The direction in which the heads face is substantially the same.

  As a result, the direction in which the tip of the functional member faces can be greatly changed.

  In the present invention, the functional member is an imaging unit including an imaging element and an optical lens that forms incident light on the imaging element.

  Accordingly, it is possible to move the field of view photographed by the image sensor (that is, change the imaging direction) with a simple configuration in which the imaging unit pivotally supported by the rigid portion is rotated.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As a general rule, directions used for explanations shall follow the descriptions of directions in each figure. However, in the case of a member configured in a cylindrical shape or a rod shape, the direction in which the member extends and the direction of the rotation shaft as the rotating member may be referred to as an “axial direction”. In addition, the direction inward and outward with respect to the axis may be referred to as “radial direction”, and the direction of rotation about the axis as “circumferential direction”. In addition, members having a rectangular cross section orthogonal to the axial direction may also be referred to as “radial direction” and “circumferential direction” for convenience.

  FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an endoscope 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the endoscope 1 mainly includes a gripping portion 2, a connecting portion 3, a straight pipe 4 that is connected to the gripping portion 2 through the connecting portion 3 and is not bendable, The insertion portion 5 is configured to be bendable, and includes a rigid portion 6 in which an imaging unit 6a as an example of a functional member is housed, and a rotation operation portion 7 that rotates the linear portion 4 about the extending direction. ing.

  Here, the length L1 from the front end of the hard part 6 to the rear end of the rotation operation part 7 is about 600 mm, the length L2 of the hard part 6 is about 15 mm, the length L3 of the insertion part 5 is about 60 mm, and the straight part 4 The length L4 is about 450 mm, and the outer diameters of the rigid portion 6, the insertion portion 5, and the straight portion 4 are about 10 mm at the maximum. During the operation, the rigid part 6 and the insertion part 5 are guided to the affected part via a trocar or trocar tube. On the other hand, the surgical procedure is performed while a part of the straight portion 4 is out of the body.

  The grip portion 2 is provided with a first operation portion 2 a that performs an operation to bend the insertion portion 5 and a second operation portion 2 b that operates an imaging direction by the imaging unit 6 a mounted on the rigid portion 6. When a practitioner or the like operates the first operation unit 2a, the insertion unit 5 bends in a predetermined direction (for example, downward) in accordance with the operation amount, and the imaging direction of the imaging unit 6a provided in the rigid unit 6 changes. Change, ie the field of view moves. In the grip portion 2, the first operation portion 2a can rotate around the first axis Ax1, and the rotation direction and the bending direction of the insertion portion 5 coincide with each other in consideration of operability.

  In the following description, the operation of the first operation portion 2a causes the insertion portion 5 to bend and thereby the movement of the visual field is referred to as “curving operation”, and the direction in which the distal end of the rigid portion 6 faces by the bending and the straight portion 4 The angle formed by the axial direction (second axis Ax2) may be referred to as a “curving angle”, and the direction in which the tip of the rigid portion 6 faces by bending in front view may be referred to as a “curving direction”. For example, the bending of the insertion portion 5 so that the distal end of the rigid portion 6 is directed downward (upward) may be expressed as “curving downward (upward)”.

  Further, the second operation unit 2b also rotates about the first axis Ax1, and when a practitioner or the like operates the second operation unit 2b, the field of view of the imaging unit 6a pivotally supported by the rigid unit 6 is here forward. Move between and below. In the following description, the operation of moving the visual field by operating the second operation unit 2b is referred to as “tilt operation” or simply “tilt”. Note that the operation range (the rotation range about the first axis Ax1) of the first operation unit 2a and the second operation unit 2b is restricted by a stopper (not shown) provided in the grip unit 2. The first operation unit 2a and the second operation unit 2b may use a rotary grip or the like in addition to the lever type as illustrated.

  FIG. 1 shows an initial state of the endoscope 1. At this time, the insertion portion 5 is linear, and the field of view of the imaging unit 6a in the rigid portion 6 faces frontward. From this state, when the first operation unit 2a is operated, the insertion unit 5 is bent downward, and when the second operation unit 2b is operated, the imaging unit 6a is tilted downward. Here, if the bending angle of the insertion portion 5 is 0 ° to 90 ° and the tilt angle of the imaging unit 6a is 0 ° to 90 °, the bending angle of the insertion portion 5 can be set by combining the bending operation and the tilting operation. Even if it is not enlarged (that is, it does not occupy a large space during bending), the moving range of the visual field can be expanded from 0 ° to 180 °. That is, in the endoscope 1 according to the present embodiment, the insertion portion 5 that is linear in the initial state is curved, the direction in which the tip of the functional member faces (imaging direction), and the pivoted functional member rotates. Thus, the direction in which the tip of the functional member faces is substantially the same.

  A connecting portion 3 is provided in front of the grip portion 2. The connecting portion 3 is supported by the grip portion 2 and connected to the straight portion 4 in front of the connecting portion 3. As will be described later, the force generated by the operation of the first operation portion 2a is transmitted to the connecting portion 3 by the link member 10, and the connecting portion 3 transmits this force as a traction force to the free end 5b of the insertion portion 5.

  The linear portion 4 is a cylindrical and linear member having one end attached to the proximal end 5a side of the insertion portion 5 and having a hollow portion 4a (see FIG. 3 and the like) extending in the second axis Ax2 direction. Here, it is made of stainless steel. The straight line portion 4 is connected to the grip portion 2 via the connection portion 3 and extends forward from the grip portion 2. The force generated by the operation of the second operation unit 2b (hereinafter, the force generated by operating the second operation unit 2b, the first operation unit 2a, etc. will be referred to as “operation force”). Is converted into a rotational force with the second axis Ax2 as an axis, and this rotational force is transmitted to the rigid portion 6. The connecting portion 3 is provided with a bearing opening 2d (see FIG. 8 etc.) penetrating in the direction of the second axis Ax2, and the rotational force is directed directly toward the rigid portion 6 without passing through the connecting portion 3. Is transmitted.

  The grip 2 is connected to a video processor 40 that performs image processing on still images and moving images obtained by photographing the inside of the observation target (here, the human body), and is processed by the video processor 40. The displayed image is displayed on the display device 41. On the other hand, the endoscope 1 receives power and various control signals from the video processor 40, and the imaging unit 6a performs imaging at a timing based on the control signals.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the insertion portion 5. As shown in the drawing, the insertion portion 5 extends from the base end 5a to the free end 5b, and includes a plurality of joint pieces 30 connected between the base end 5a and the free end 5b. In the following description, the axis formed by the aggregate of the plurality of joint pieces 30 may be referred to as “the axis of the insertion portion 5”, and the direction thereof may be referred to as “the axial direction of the insertion portion 5”. Since the insertion portion 5 can be bent, the “axial direction of the insertion portion 5” changes according to the bending direction and the bending angle.

  The joint piece 30 is made of stainless steel here, and is a member that has a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from the axial direction of the insertion portion 5, and both have the same shape. Each joint piece 30 has a joint part 30a at a position symmetrical to the left and right (or up and down) when viewed from the front, and the joint piece 30 rotates by a predetermined angle with respect to the adjacent joint piece 30 with the joint part 30a as a rotation center. It is configured to be possible. When viewed from the axial direction of the insertion portion 5, the joint portions 30a are alternately shifted by 90 ° in the circumferential direction to connect the plurality of joint pieces 30 so that the free end 5b of the insertion portion 5 is in relation to the base end 5a. And bendable in any direction.

  Further, a wire conducting piece 30b formed so as to bend in the inner diameter direction from the outer edge of the insertion portion 5 is provided on a side of the joint piece 30 having a rectangular shape where the joint portion 30a is not formed, and the wire conducting piece 30b is provided. A control wire 20 (see FIG. 3 and the like), which will be described later, is extended in the through hole formed in.

  In addition, a first groove portion 30c that is recessed from the outer surface of the joint piece 30 is provided between the joint portion 30a and the wire conducting piece 30b in the circumferential direction, that is, at a corner portion of the joint piece 30 that is substantially rectangular in front view. ing. When the insertion portion 5 is viewed as a whole, the first groove portion 30c extends along the axis of the insertion portion 5, and a signal line that is drawn from the imaging unit 6a and transmits image data to the video processor 40 in the first groove portion 30c, A transmission cable 18 in which power lines and the like are bundled is stored. However, since the length in the axial direction changes on the outer surface of the insertion portion 5 when the insertion portion 5 is curved, the transmission cable 18 can be displaced relative to the first groove portion 30c (that is, on the axis of the insertion portion 5). Is slidable along). In addition, the 2nd groove part 30d is extended in the other corner | angular part different from the corner | angular part of the joint piece 30 in which the 1st groove part 30c is formed.

  In the second groove 30d, for example, an optical fiber bundle that transmits illumination light toward the tip of the rigid portion 6 and a water supply pipe (none of which is shown) for supplying a cleaning liquid are stored. In addition, the third and fourth groove portions may be formed on the back side that does not appear in FIG. 2, and when a functional member other than the imaging unit 6 a is mounted on the rigid portion 6, the functional member is a mechanical driving force. (For example, when the functional member is a forceps or an ultrasonic knife), a pipe is extended to the third groove and the like, and the driving force is transmitted through the wire inserted into the pipe. May be. In addition, you may make it cover the outer periphery of the insertion part 5 with a highly flexible coating | covering material (not shown).

  3 and 4 are explanatory views showing the basic configuration of the connecting portion 3 and the relationship between the state of the connecting portion 3 and the curved state of the insertion portion 5, and FIG. 5 shows the pulling member 8 and the wire guide constituting the connecting portion 3. It is the schematic block diagram which looked at 9 from the front. Here, FIG. 3 shows a state where the insertion portion 5 is linear (initial state), and FIG. 4 shows a state where the insertion portion 5 is curved downward. Hereinafter, a basic configuration in which the insertion portion 5 can be bent in one direction (the vertical direction here) will be described with reference to FIGS. 3, 4, and 5.

  The connecting portion 3 includes a connecting portion housing 3a, a pulling member 8 and a wire guide 9 provided in the connecting portion housing 3a. A spherical bearing 2c is provided on the opposite side of the straight portion 4 across the traction member 8 so as to protrude forward from the grip portion 2, and the connecting portion housing 3a is connected to the shaft portion of the spherical bearing 2c at the rear portion. It is fixed in a state where the rotation about the two axes Ax2 and the movement in the front-rear direction are restricted, and the linear portion 4 is supported at the front portion thereof so as to be rotatable about the second axis Ax2. The axis of the linear portion 4 is supported by the connecting portion housing 3a so as to always coincide with the axis of the spherical bearing 2c (second axis Ax2), that is, with the coaxiality maintained.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the pulling member 8 is a disk-shaped member having a circular shape when viewed from the front (a detailed configuration example will be described later), and as shown in FIG. 3, a stationary portion provided on the rear side. It is comprised by 8c and the rotation part 8d provided ahead. The stationary part 8c is supported from behind by a spherical bearing 2c. The spherical bearing 2c restricts the entire traction member 8 from moving in the front-rear direction, while the traction member 8 (stationary portion 8c) is opposed to a surface orthogonal to the axis of the linear portion 4 (second axis Ax2). Is supported to be tiltable in an arbitrary direction. On the other hand, the rotating part 8d is rotatable relative to the stationary part 8c.

  The wire guide 9 is a member mainly composed of a first constant pulley 9aa and a second constant pulley 9ab. In the basic configuration, the two wire guides 9 are fixed above and below the linear portion 4.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the rotating portion 8 d of the pulling member 8 is provided with guide pieces 8 a at two places on the upper and lower sides with the second axis Ax <b> 2 interposed therebetween. It is engaged with a guide hole 4b formed as a long hole in the front-rear direction. The guide piece 8a and the guide hole 4b constitute an engagement mechanism. By this engagement mechanism, the pulling member 8 is also supported on the rear end side of the linear portion 4 and can be displaced (inclined) relative to the linear portion 4 (second axis Ax2). That is, the rotating part 8d can be inclined with respect to a plane orthogonal to the axis of the linear part 4, and rotates together with the linear part 4 in an inclined state.

  As described above, the linear portion 4 is maintained coaxial with the spherical bearing 2c by the connecting portion housing 3a, while the traction member 8 can be inclined by the spherical bearing 2c. The relative positional relationship between the grip portion 2 (spherical bearing 2c) and the linear portion 4 before and after the connecting portion 3 remains unchanged (that is, the coaxiality of the both is maintained), and is pulled in the connecting portion 3. The inclination direction and the inclination angle of the member 8 change. However, since the engagement structure by the guide piece 8a and the guide hole 4b is provided, the direction in which the traction member 8 can be tilted is limited. As can be understood from the relationship between FIGS. 3 and 4, the traction member 8 is allowed only to tilt with the third axis Ax3 shown in FIG. 4 as the rotation center, and the maximum value of the angle θ at that time is substantially determined by the longitudinal length of the guide hole 4b in the engagement structure.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the upper portion of the traction member 8 is constantly urged rearward by an urging member 8 b made of an elastic body such as a coil spring inside the coupling portion 3. The lower part of the member 8 is pulled backward by the first operating portion 2a via the link member 10 described above.

  Further, in the outer peripheral portion of the pulling member 8, the first control wire 20a is fixed on the upper side, and the starting end of the second control wire 20b is fixed on the lower side (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to as the control wire 20). is there). As the control wire 20, a twisted wire of a stainless wire or the like can be suitably used. In the present embodiment, the control wire 20 constitutes a first power transmission member, and the starting end side of the control wire 20 is pulled backward by the pulling member 8. In the basic configuration, the starting end of the control wire 20 is fixed to a portion (here, the outer peripheral portion in the vertical direction) spaced apart by 180 ° in the peripheral direction across the second axis Ax2 in the outer peripheral portion of the pulling member 8. A wire guide 9 is provided in front of the pulling member 8 corresponding to the fixed position of the control wire 20.

  The wire guide 9 is fixed to the outer periphery of the linear portion 4 so as not to be relatively displaced, and includes a first constant pulley 9aa provided on the outer peripheral side and a second constant pulley 9ab provided on the inner peripheral side. The extending direction of the control wire 20 is first changed from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side by the first constant pulley 9aa, and then the extending direction is changed from the rear to the front by the second constant pulley 9ab. The control wire 20 whose extension direction has been changed forward by the second constant pulley 9ab is guided to the proximal end 5a of the insertion portion 5 through the hollow portion 4a of the cylindrical straight portion 4, and then toward the inside of the insertion portion 5. It is led to the free end 5b side of the insertion portion 5 through the conduction hole of the protruding wire conduction piece 30b (see FIG. 2) in order.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the end of the first control wire 20a is fixed to a first fixing point 5d provided above the insertion portion 5 on the inner surface of the insertion portion 5 on the free end 5b side. The second control wire 20 b is fixed to a second fixing point 5 e provided below the insertion portion 5.

  In the initial state shown in FIG. 3, when the first operating portion 2a is operated to apply an operating force to the lower portion of the pulling member 8 toward the rear, the pulling member 8 is moved to the first operating portion 2a as shown in FIG. Is tilted by an angle θ about the third axis Ax3 with respect to the plane orthogonal to the second axis Ax2. As the pulling member 8 is inclined, the second control wire 20b is pulled rearward, the second fixing point 5e is pulled on the free end 5b side of the insertion portion 5, and finally the insertion portion 5 is directed downward. Bend. At this time, the first control wire 20a connected to the first fixed point 5d is drawn forward with the bending of the insertion portion 5.

  Note that the length of the control wire 20 drawn by the traction member 8 (hereinafter referred to as “traction amount”) is determined by the inclination angle of the traction member 8 about the third axis Ax3 and the start end of the control wire 20 being pulled. It is determined by the position fixed to the member 8 and the distance to the third axis Ax3 (more precisely, the intersection of the surface where the starting end of the control wire 20 is fixed and the second axis Ax2). Therefore, the amount of traction is increased by increasing the outer diameter of the traction member 8, whereby the bending angle of the insertion portion 5 can be increased. Since the connecting portion housing 3a in which the pulling member 8 is accommodated is outside the body, the size of the outer diameter is not particularly limited.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the state where the insertion portion 5 is not curved is the initial state, but the tension of the biasing member 8 b is adjusted so that the insertion portion 5 is curved upward. It is good also as an initial state. By doing in this way, by the operation of the 1st operation part 2a, the insertion part 5 will be in the linear state shown in FIG. 3 from the state curved upwards, and as shown in FIG. It is possible to displace the lens to a curved state.

  In the basic configuration, the upper portion of the traction member 8 is urged rearward by the urging member 8b inside the connecting portion housing 3a, but the upper portion of the traction member 8 is also coupled to the link member 10, A push-pull configuration may be used at the top and bottom. By doing in this way, it becomes possible to pull the 1st control wire 20a based on operation of the 1st operation part 2a, and to bend the insertion part 5 upward from the initial state shown in FIG. .

  Further, for example, the adjacent joint pieces 30 are connected by an elastic member (not shown) such as a spring, and the insertion portion 5 is autonomously in a linear state as an initial state (or the above-described curved state upward). You may comprise so that it may maintain. In this case, when the control wire 20 is not pulled, the insertion portion 5 returns to the initial state due to its own elasticity. Therefore, the bending direction of the insertion portion 5 is limited to one direction, but at least one control wire 20 is provided. Is enough.

  FIGS. 6A and 6B are explanatory views showing a first modification of the connecting portion 3. In the basic configuration described above, the wire guide 9 has the first constant pulley 9aa and the second constant pulley 9ab (see FIG. 3 and the like). However, in the first modification, the wire guide 9 is configured as a single member. Yes. As shown in the figure, in the first modification, the wire guide 9 is formed of a flange-shaped member having a small diameter portion 9b on the front side and a large diameter portion 9c on the rear side. The wire guide 9 according to the first modification is preferably made of a metal such as stainless steel or ceramics because the metal control wire 20 slides on the surface thereof.

  In the first modification, the wire guide 9 is sandwiched between two straight portions 4 that are formed into two pieces in the front-rear direction. That is, the straight portion 4 is composed of a front portion 4c and a rear portion 4d, and a front portion 4c is formed in a concentric groove formed in the small diameter portion 9b of the wire guide 9 and a groove formed in the large diameter portion 9c. The rear part 4d is fitted. A guide hole 4b is formed in the vicinity of the rear end of the rear portion 4d of the linear portion 4, and the guide hole 4b is engaged with the guide piece 8a of the traction member 8.

  A guide groove 9d extends on the outer peripheral surface and the front surface of the large-diameter portion 9c of the wire guide 9, and the guide groove 9d is located between the large-diameter portion 9c and the small-diameter portion 9b on the inner peripheral side of the large-diameter portion 9c. After that, the inner peripheral surface of the small diameter portion 9b is further extended in the front-rear direction to reach the front surface of the small diameter portion 9b. The control wire 20 is guided by the guide groove 9d. The small-diameter portion 9b and the large-diameter portion 9c are created as separate members, and are integrated as a wire guide 9 by bonding them. With such a configuration, the guide groove 9d can be easily provided in a portion where the large diameter portion 9c and the small diameter portion 9b overlap.

  The control wire 20 whose start end is fixed to the pulling member 8 is connected to the outer edge (first direction changing portion 9e) of the front surface of the large diameter portion 9c and the inner edge (second direction changing) of the lower diameter portion 9b via the guide groove 9d. In part 9f), the stretching direction is changed. Both the first direction changing portion 9e and the second direction changing portion 9f are rounded, and the control wire 20 can be moved smoothly along the guide groove 9d. Further, in order to reduce the friction when the control wire 20 moves, it is desirable to increase the slidability by applying fluorine processing or the like to the surfaces of the first direction changing portion 9e and the second direction changing portion 9f. Of course, the control wire 20 may be processed with high slidability.

  FIGS. 7A and 7B are perspective views showing the configuration of the rigid portion 6 attached to the free end 5 b side of the insertion portion 5. The rigid portion 6 mainly transmits the camera support 6b, the camera shell 6d, the imaging unit 6a, the functional member displacement portion 6e for displacing the imaging unit 6a, and the external driving force to the functional member displacement portion 6e. It is comprised with the shaft coupling engaged part 6f.

  The camera shell 6d is a stainless steel member having a substantially cylindrical shape. The camera shell 6d has a length in the front-rear direction that is longer on the upper side and shorter on the lower side, and a cut surface that is cut obliquely with respect to the front-rear direction is formed at the tip of the camera shell 6d. A hemispherical transparent dome 6c is provided on the cut surface, and an imaging unit 6a is provided in the dome 6c.

  The imaging unit 6a couples subject light incident through the imaging element (not shown) constituted by a small charge coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and the dome 6c to the imaging element. An optical lens (not shown) for imaging is included. The imaging unit 6a is pivotally supported from both left and right sides by support arms 6g extending in the front-rear direction on the left and right of the camera support 6b. The imaging unit 6a having such a shape can be easily realized by diverting a camera module used for a smartphone or a tablet terminal, for example.

  The functional member displacement portion 6e is engaged with both sides of the imaging unit 6a at the engagement portion 6i and the engagement portion 6i provided in the imaging unit 6a with a radial separation from the fourth axis Ax4. The driving arm 6ea extends rearward from the portion 6i, and the arm support 6eb supports the driving arm 6ea from the rear. A screw hole 6j passing through the front and rear is provided in the approximate center of the arm support 6eb in a front view, and a shaft coupling engaged portion 6f is inserted through the screw hole 6j.

  The shaft coupling engaged portion 6f penetrates the camera support 6b and is exposed from the rear end of the camera support 6b, and the rear end is provided with a square hole 6fa that is recessed forward. The front portion of the shaft coupling engaged portion 6f in the rigid portion 6 constitutes a lead screw 6fb. The lead screw 6fb and the screw hole 6j formed in the arm support 6eb are screwed together, and the lead screw 6fb (shaft coupling engaged portion 6f) is rotated around the fifth axis Ax5, whereby the arm support 6eb is attached. The provided drive arm 6ea moves in the front-rear direction along the support arm 6g. Thus, the functional member displacement portion 6e converts the rotational motion received by the shaft coupling engaged portion 6f into a linear motion.

  As the drive arm 6ea moves in the front-rear direction, the imaging unit 6a engaged with the engaging portion 6i rotates about the axis pivotally supported by the support arm 6g, that is, the fourth axis Ax4. As shown in FIG. 7A, the shaft coupling engaged portion 6f is engaged with a shaft coupling engaging portion 21a that protrudes toward the free end 5b of the insertion portion 5, and the shaft coupling engaging portion 21a is connected to the shaft coupling engaging portion 21a. By rotating around the fifth axis Ax5, the imaging unit 6a is displaced (rotated) in a direction inclined with respect to the fifth axis Ax5. As a result, the imaging direction of the imaging unit 6a changes at least from the front (fifth axis Ax5) direction to the lower part (sixth axis Ax6), thereby realizing a vertical movement of the visual field, that is, a tilting operation. The Note that the amount of movement in the front-rear direction with respect to the amount of rotation is set by appropriately setting the groove pitch of the lead screw 6fb described above, and the rotational angle of the pivoted imaging unit 6a can be precisely adjusted.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the imaging unit 6a itself including the imaging element and the optical lens is configured to rotate around the pivotally supported axis. However, while fixing the imaging element in the rigid portion 6, You may comprise so that the optical path may be changed by rotating the mirror member (optical member) pivoted between the image pick-up element and the optical lens.

  FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are explanatory diagrams showing a configuration for transmitting a driving force used for a tilting operation to the rigid portion 6. As shown in the figure, a spring joint 21 is extended between the grip portion 2 and the rigid portion 6 as a second power transmission member. On the side of the grip portion 2, the spring joint 21 is mechanically connected to the second operation portion 2b (see FIG. 1) via a gear train (not shown), and the spring is operated by operating the second operation portion 2b. The joint 21 is configured to rotate about the second axis Ax2. As described above, the imaging unit 6a is rotated by converting the rotational force of the lead screw 6fb into a linear motion. At this time, the gear train provided in the grip 2 is the first axis Ax1 of the second operation unit 2b. (Refer to FIG. 1) A rotating operation around is converted into a plurality of rotational motions. The spring joint 21 may be housed in a flexible pipe, and the pipe may be extended between the grip portion 2 and the rigid portion 6.

  A bearing opening 2d and a traction member opening 8e are formed at the distal end of the spherical bearing 2c provided in the grip portion 2 and the radial central portion of the traction member 8 provided in the connecting portion 3, respectively. The spring joint 21 extends forward along the second axis Ax2 in the hollow portion 4a of the linear portion 4 via the bearing opening 2d and the pulling member opening 8e. That is, the rotational force transmitted by the spring joint 21 is prevented from interfering with the traction member 8.

  A base end side support member 5f is attached to the base end 5a side of the insertion portion 5, and a free end side support member 5g is attached to the free end 5b side. In FIG. 8, each of the base end side support member 5f and the free end side support member 5g has substantially the same outer shape as the joint piece 30 in the front view, and a plurality of cuts are formed on the outer peripheral surface from the outer edge toward the inner diameter direction. A notch (not shown) is formed, and a through hole (not shown) is provided in the radial center of the base end side support member 5f and the free end side support member 5g. A control wire 20 is passed through the notch, and a spring joint 21 is passed through the through hole.

  Also in the insertion portion 5, the spring joint 21 extends along the axis of the insertion portion 5 in the hollow portion 5 c of the insertion portion 5. Even in a state where the insertion portion 5 shown in FIG. 9 is curved, the spring joint 21 is positioned at the center in the radial direction of the hollow portion 5c. An intermediate support member (not shown) configured in the same manner as the free end side support member 5g (however, the size in the radial direction is reduced to fit inside the joint piece 30) is added to the through hole of the intermediate support member. You may make it let the spring joint 21 pass.

  Hereinafter, the description will be continued using FIG. The tip of the spring joint 21 protrudes from the free end side support member 5g. A square bolt-shaped shaft coupling engaging portion 21a is attached to the tip. The shaft joint engaging portion 21a and the square hole 6fa of the shaft joint engaged portion 6f provided at the rear end of the rigid portion 6 are connected, and the rotational force of the spring joint 21 is changed to the rigid portion 6 (functional member displacement portion). 6e).

  Hereinafter, the operation of the endoscope 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. In FIG. 8, the insertion portion 5 is linear in the direction of the second axis Ax2 (that is, the rigid portion 6 faces forward), and the field of view of the imaging unit 6a provided in the rigid portion 6 faces forward. It shows the state. In the state shown in FIG. 8, when a practitioner or the like operates the second operation portion 2 b (see FIG. 1) of the grip portion 2, the spring joint 21 rotates according to the operation amount, and accordingly, the rigid portion 6 The image pickup unit 6a pivotally supported rotates and the field of view moves from the front (the direction of the fifth axis Ax5) to the lower side (the direction of the sixth axis Ax6). The rotation angle of the imaging unit 6a is 90 ° at the maximum, and a practitioner or the like arbitrarily adjusts the rotation angle of the imaging unit 6a, that is, the tilt angle between the fifth axis Ax5 and the sixth axis Ax6. Can do.

  When a practitioner or the like operates the first operation unit 2a of the grasping unit 2 from the state shown in FIG. 8, the traction member 8 is tilted according to the operation amount, thereby the control wire 20 (here, the second control wire 20b). ) Is pulled, and as shown in FIG. 9, the insertion portion 5 curves from the front (the direction of the second axis Ax2) to the lower side (the direction of the seventh axis Ax7). The bending angle of the insertion portion 5 is 90 ° at the maximum here, and the practitioner can arbitrarily adjust the bending angle of the insertion portion 5 between the second axis Ax2 and the seventh axis Ax7.

  Furthermore, even in the state shown in FIG. 9, the practitioner can arbitrarily adjust the tilt angle between the fifth axis Ax5 and the sixth axis Ax6. Here, the bending operation of the insertion portion 5 and the imaging unit 6a are substantially the same in the direction D2 in which the insertion portion 5 is bent and the direction D3 in which the pivoted imaging unit 6a is rotated (tilted). With this tilting operation, the visual field can be moved in the range of 180 ° from the front (second axis Ax2) to the rear (sixth axis Ax6). That is, according to the configuration of the present embodiment, it is not necessary to increase the bending angle of the insertion portion 5, and the visual field can be moved over a wide range even if the insertion portion 5 is configured to be short. Moreover, since the bending angle of the insertion part 5 may be small, the endoscope 1 can be used even in a narrow space. Furthermore, since the bending angle of the insertion portion 5 is reduced, the wear of the control wire 20 is reduced, and the reliability can be maintained for a long time.

  In the present embodiment, a first power transmission member (control wire 20) that transmits an operation force generated on the base end 5a side of the insertion portion 5 toward the free end 5b side as a traction force in order to curve the insertion portion 5. ), And the operation force generated on the base end 5a side is transmitted to the free end 5b side as a rotational force in order to displace (rotate) the imaging unit 6a pivotally supported as a functional member on the rigid portion 6. The second power transmission member (spring joint 21) that extends from the base end 5a of the insertion portion 5 to the free end 5b extends to the hollow portion 5c of the insertion portion 5.

  As described above, the control wire 20 is disposed along the inner surface of the insertion portion 5, and the spring joint 21 is disposed at the approximate center in the radial direction of the insertion portion 5. Therefore, even if the insertion portion 5 is bent by operating the control wire 20, the path length of the spring joint 21 disposed at the center in the radial direction of the insertion portion 5 does not change. The shaft coupling engaging portion 21a (see FIG. 7 (a)) and the shaft coupling engaged portion 6f (see FIG. 7 (a)) provided at the rear end of the rigid portion 6 are always stably engaged. Accordingly, the driving force (rotational force) used for the tilting operation of the imaging unit 6a can be stably transmitted. That is, according to the present embodiment, the path between the control wire 20 and the spring joint 21 in the insertion portion 5 is completely separated, and different types of transmission such as traction force and rotational force are used as the driving force for moving the visual field. Since the transmission is performed separately in the system, mutual interference between the first power transmission member and the second power transmission member can be prevented, and independence of the bending operation and the tilt operation can be ensured.

  In the above description, the spring joint 21 is exemplified as the second power transmission member that transmits the driving force of the tilt operation. However, the second power transmission member may be formed of a flexible rod-shaped member. Moreover, this rod-shaped member may be divided in the longitudinal direction to form a plurality of divided pieces, and the same configuration as that of the insertion portion 5 described above may be employed to connect the divided pieces with joints.

  FIG. 10A is an explanatory diagram illustrating a second modification of the connecting portion 3, and FIG. 10B is an explanatory diagram illustrating a third modification of the connecting portion 3. FIGS. 10A and 10B are views of the pulling member 8 and the wire guide 9 constituting the connecting portion 3 as viewed from the front. In the basic configuration and the first modification described above, the two control wires 20 are connected to the traction member 8 that constitutes the connecting portion 3. However, the second and third modifications are connected to the traction member 8. The number of control wires 20 is increased.

  As shown in FIG. 10A, in the second modification, the starting ends of the three control wires 20 are connected to the pulling member 8 constituting the connecting portion 3. The control wire 20 is connected to the outer peripheral side of the traction member 8 so as to be spaced apart by an angle θ1 = 120 ° in the circumferential direction around the second axis Ax2. Then, the end of the control wire 20 is changed in the extending direction by the first constant pulley 9aa and the second constant pulley 9ab of the wire guide 9, and finally the free end of the insertion portion 5 is the same as described in the basic configuration. It is connected to the inner surface of the insertion portion 5 on the end 5b (see FIG. 3 etc.) side. When the insertion portion 5 is viewed from the front, the terminal ends of the control wires 20 connected to the free end 5b side are separated from each other by an angle θ1 = 120 ° in the circumferential direction around the axis of the insertion portion 5.

  As shown in FIG. 10B, in the third modification, the starting ends of the four control wires 20 are connected to the traction member 8. The control wire 20 is connected to the outer peripheral side of the traction member 8 so as to be spaced apart by an angle θ2 = 90 ° in the circumferential direction around the second axis Ax2. The end of the control wire 20 is the free end 5b of the insertion portion 5 (see FIG. 3 and the like) so as to be separated from each other by an angle θ2 = 90 ° in the circumferential direction around the axis of the insertion portion 5 as in the second modification. Connected to the inner surface of the reference) side. In the second modification and the third modification, the wire guide 9 is composed of the first constant pulley 9aa and the second constant pulley 9ab. However, instead of the constant pulley, as described in the first modification. You may comprise a flange-shaped member.

  When the control wire 20 is configured by three or four in this way, it is possible to bend the insertion portion 5 in an arbitrary direction by selectively pulling one or more of the control wires 20, and further control wires By controlling the traction amount of 20, the bending angle can be adjusted. In correspondence with such a configuration, the grip portion 2 (see FIG. 1) is provided with a third operation portion (not shown). The practitioner or the like operates the third operation unit and the first operation unit 2a (see FIG. 1), so that the bending direction and the bending angle of the insertion unit 5 are adjusted and fixed. That is, the grip portion 2 including these operation portions and the link member 10 (see FIG. 1) tilts the traction member 8 with respect to a plane orthogonal to the axial direction (second axis Ax2) of the linear portion 4 and pulls. An inclination setting unit that sets the inclination direction and the inclination angle of the member 8 is configured. Then, by operating the tilt setting section, the tilt direction or tilt angle of the traction member 8 is changed, and a traction force is selectively applied to the plurality of control wires 20 connected to the traction member 8, so that the insertion section 5 is Curve in any direction.

  Hereinafter, the rotation operation of the rigid portion 6 in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 in FIG. In the following description, it is assumed that four control wires 20 are connected to the pulling member 8 as shown in FIG. In FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, only two (first control wire 20a and second control wire 20b) arranged above and below appear, and the third control wire shown in FIG. 10 (b) on the front side of the drawing. The starting end of the fourth control wire 20d is connected to the pulling member 8 on the back side of the drawing.

  As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, a rotation operation unit 7 that rotates the linear part 4 around the second axis Ax <b> 2 is fixed to the outer periphery of the linear part 4. However, the rotation operation part 7 and the linear part 4 do not rotate unlimitedly. In other words, a stopper (not shown) is provided in the grip portion 2, and the rotation operation portion 7 is allowed to rotate a maximum of one rotation (or a half rotation clockwise or counterclockwise) by being restricted by the stopper. Has been. By restricting the rotation of the straight portion 4 in this way, the transmission cable 18 (see FIG. 2) extending along the axial direction of the insertion portion 5 is prevented from being twisted excessively.

  Furthermore, as described above, the stationary portion 8c of the traction member 8 can be tilted in any direction with respect to the plane orthogonal to the second axis Ax2 by the spherical bearing 2c, and cannot rotate about the second axis Ax2. Fixed. On the other hand, the rotating portion 8d of the pulling member 8 is configured to be rotatable about a direction inclined by an angle θ from the second axis Ax2. In addition, guide holes 4 b that are elongated in the front-rear direction are provided above and below the rear end of the straight portion 4, the guide piece 8 a of the pulling member 8 is guided by the guide hole 4 b, and the pulling member 8 is connected to the straight portion 4. It is possible to incline relatively.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 10 (b), the connecting portion 3 has the same configuration as the upper and lower sides, so that the traction member 8 can also tilt left and right around the eighth axis Ax8 shown in FIG. It is said that. That is, the pulling member 8 is configured to be rotatable about the third axis Ax3 and the eighth axis Ax8. The inclination direction and the inclination angle of the pulling member 8 are fixed by the first operation portion 2a (link member 10) and the third operation portion (not shown) of the grip portion 2. FIG. 4 shows a state in which the traction member 8 is inclined counterclockwise by an angle θ around the third axis Ax3 and is not rotated around the eighth axis Ax8. At this time, the insertion portion 5 is curved downward.

  In such a state, when the rotation operation unit 7 fixed to the outer periphery of the linear part 4 is rotated about the second axis Ax2, the linear part 4 is moved to the second axis along with the rotation of the rotation operation part 7. It rotates around Ax2. This rotation is transmitted to the rotating portion 8 d of the traction member 8 through the guide hole 4 b provided in the linear portion 4 and the guide piece 8 a provided in the traction member 8. Since the rotating portion 8d is rotatable with respect to the stationary portion 8c of the pulling member 8, the rotating portion 8d rotates about an axis inclined by an angle θ with respect to the second axis Ax2.

  When the turning portion 8d is turned, the control wire 20 whose starting end is fixed to the turning portion 8d and the wire guide 9 fixed to the linear portion 4 are turned simultaneously. When the pulling member 8 rotates, the inclination setting unit described above determines the inclination direction and the inclination angle of the stationary part 8c when viewed from a predetermined direction orthogonal to the axial direction (second axis Ax2) of the linear part 4. maintain. As a result, the tilting direction and the tilting direction of the rotating part 8d are maintained even when the rotating part 8d rotatably supported by the stationary part 8c rotates. That is, with respect to the inclination direction and the inclination angle of the traction member 8, the state shown in FIG. 4 is always maintained even when the rotation operation unit 7 is rotated, so that the traction member 8 is pulled by the traction member 8 as the rotation unit 8d rotates. The pulling amount of each of the plurality of control wires 20 changes, and the insertion portion 5 maintains a state of being curved downward. That is, when the rotation operation unit 7 is rotated, the free end 5b of the insertion unit 5 is rotated in the direction D1 about the fifth axis Ax5.

  Hereinafter, description will be continued with reference to FIG. When the free end 5b of the insertion portion 5 is rotated, the rigid portion 6 attached to the free end 5b is also rotated, and the initial imaging direction by the imaging unit 6a is the direction (rear) of the sixth axis Ax6. The field of view moves in the direction D1 (circumferential direction) about the fifth axis Ax5. That is, in this embodiment, when the insertion portion 5 rotates, the imaging unit 6a as a functional member, the plurality of control wires 20, and the pulling member 8 rotate together with the insertion portion 5, and the pulling member 8 includes a plurality of control wires. The bending direction and the bending angle of the insertion portion 5 are maintained by changing the pulling amount with respect to 20. This is an operation corresponding to “pan” in camera work, and hereinafter, the operation of moving the visual field in the circumferential direction is referred to as “pan operation” or simply “pan”.

  Further, when the initial imaging direction is the fifth axis Ax5, the captured image rotates about the optical axis as the free end 5b of the insertion portion 5 rotates. This is an operation corresponding to “roll” in camera work. Hereinafter, an operation of rotating an image around the optical axis is referred to as “roll operation” or simply “roll”. The “pan operation” and the “roll operation” are collectively referred to as “pan operation or the like”.

  In the present embodiment, the pan operation and the roll operation can be performed by a simple and intuitive operation such as rotating the linear portion 4 that is not affected by the bending direction and the bending angle of the insertion portion 5. The outer diameter of the rotary operation unit 7 is configured to be larger than the outer diameter of the linear portion 4, and the operability is improved by performing these operations with a smaller force.

  Now, the hard part 6 rotates during the panning or the like as described above. At this time, the hard part 6 also rotates relative to the spring joint 21 extending along the axis of the insertion part 5. Will move. Therefore, strictly speaking, the pan operation or the like generates a rotational force equivalent to rotating the spring joint 21. However, in order to rotate the imaging unit 6a pivotally supported as described above (see FIG. 7), the lead screw 6fb needs to be rotated many times, and the rigid portion 6 is not rotated by a panning operation or the like. Since the rotation is limited to one rotation at the maximum, it is not a big problem that the tilt angle is displaced by a pan operation or the like.

  However, in the case where such a change in the secondary tilt angle becomes a problem, the spring joint 21 is provided between the hard part 6 or the grip part 2 (see FIG. 1) or between the hard part 6 and the grip part 2. You may provide the power interruption part (not shown) which interrupts | blocks the power transmission by. Specifically, an electromagnetic clutch (not shown) is interposed in a gear train configured in the gripping unit 2 as a power cut-off unit, and a switch or a capacitance change is detected in the rotation operation unit 7 (see FIG. 1). A touch sensor or the like may be provided so that the rotational force of the spring joint 21 may be separated by an electromagnetic clutch when an operation by the practitioner or the like is performed on the rotation operation unit 7.

  As described above, the endoscope 1 according to the present embodiment can bend the insertion portion 5 in an arbitrary direction in a body cavity or the like, and includes an imaging unit 6a provided on the free end 5b side of the insertion portion 5. Tilt and pan operations are performed. As a result, the degree of freedom of the visual field operation by the practitioner is greatly improved, and the endoscope 1 of the present embodiment can be applied to various surgical methods. Since all the operations of bending, tilting, panning and rolling can be performed by the practitioner or the like, it is possible to perform surgery or the like more safely.

  In surgery, in addition to the endoscope 1, other surgical equipment such as forceps and a laser knife is inserted into the body cavity. Depending on the positional relationship between the endoscope 1 and other equipment (for example, internal When the distal end of the rigid portion 6 of the endoscope 1 and the distal end of the laser knife face each other), the direction in which the laser knife should be moved may not match the direction of the image captured by the endoscope 1. . According to this embodiment, in FIG. 9, when the imaging direction by the imaging unit 6a is the direction of the fifth axis Ax5, the image is rotated around the optical axis by rolling the rigid portion 6 (upside down). Can do. Therefore, the top and bottom (left and right) can always be matched between the operation direction of the other equipment and the image, and safety such as surgery can be ensured. Note that the upside down (upside down 180 ° inversion) can be dealt with by simple image processing, but when the image rotation angle is arbitrary, the image processing generates pixels by interpolation, so the number of pixels of the image sensor is particularly small. In some cases, the resolution decreases. In this respect, since the endoscope 1 of the present embodiment rolls the imaging unit 6a itself, the resolution does not decrease.

  FIG. 11A is an exploded perspective view showing a specific configuration of the connecting portion 3, FIG. 11B is an explanatory view showing a configuration for increasing the traction amount, and FIG. 11C is an explanatory view showing a main portion of FIG. It is. FIG. 11 shows a specific example of the configuration shown in FIG. However, in FIG. 11, the flange-shaped member described with reference to FIG. 6 is used as the wire guide 9.

  As shown in FIG. 11A, the traction member 8 includes a bearing 81 and a traction plate 82. The bearing 81 is a so-called ball bearing in which a metal ball is accommodated between the inner ring 81a and the outer ring 81b.

  A flange-like member (not shown) is fitted behind the inner ring 81a in a non-rotatable manner with respect to the inner ring 81a, and this flange-like member is supported by a spherical bearing 2c (see FIG. 3 and the like) protruding forward from the grip portion 2. ing. Further, the flange-like member is prevented from rotating at the shaft portion of the spherical bearing 2c, whereby the inner ring 81a is supported in a tiltable and non-rotatable manner with respect to the spherical bearing 2c. The flange-like member includes a large-diameter portion (not shown) protruding in the outer diameter direction behind the fitting portion with the inner ring 81a. And the link member 10 (refer FIG. 1) which comprises the inclination setting part mentioned above is connected with this large diameter part, and the inclination direction and inclination angle with respect to the spherical bearing 2c of the bearing 81 change by operation of the link member 10. FIG. .

  On the other hand, a cap-shaped traction plate 82 is fixed to the outer ring 81 b of the bearing 81, and the traction plate 82 is provided to be rotatable with respect to the inner ring 81 a of the bearing 81. The inner ring 81a of the bearing 81 corresponds to the stationary part 8c of the traction member 8 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and the outer ring 81b and the traction plate 82 of the bearing 81 correspond to the rotating part 8d.

  On the outer peripheral side of the traction plate 82, the starting end sides of the first control wire 20a to the fourth control wire 20d are fixed in each of the up, down, left, and right directions, and the intermediate positions from the fixed positions of the control wires 20 toward the inner diameter direction are Engagement holes 82 a penetrating the front and rear of the traction plate 82 are provided. The engagement hole 82a corresponds to the guide piece 8a shown in FIGS.

  Here, at the rear end of the rear portion 4d of the linear portion 4, an engagement piece 4e is provided projecting rearward at a position corresponding to the engagement hole 82a. The engagement piece 4e includes an engagement claw 4f that protrudes in the radial direction at the rear end. The engagement piece 4e and the engagement claw 4f correspond to the guide hole 4b shown in FIGS. The engagement piece 4e is inserted into the engagement hole 82a of the traction plate 82, and the rear portion 4d is prevented from coming off from the traction plate 82 by the engagement claw 4f. However, the engagement piece 4e has a predetermined stroke in the front-rear direction, and there is play between the base of the engagement piece 4e and the engagement claw 4f provided at the rear end thereof, so that the straight portion 4 The rear part 4d and the traction plate 82 can be relatively displaced.

  The large diameter portion 9 c of the wire guide 9 is fixed to the front end of the rear portion 4 d of the straight portion 4, and the small diameter portion 9 b of the wire guide 9 is fixed to the rear end of the front portion 4 c of the straight portion 4. By configuring the connecting portion 3 in this way, the pulling member 8 can be inclined with respect to a plane orthogonal to the second axis Ax2. Then, the control wire 20 whose starting end is fixed to the traction plate 82 is guided to the hollow portion 4a (see FIG. 3 and the like) of the linear portion 4 via the wire guide 9, and is generated by inclining the traction member 8. The traction force is transmitted toward the insertion portion 5 (see FIG. 3 and the like). As shown in the figure, the bearing 81, the traction plate 82, and the wire guide 9 are all formed with an opening at the center in the radial direction, and the above-described spring joint 21 (see FIG. 8 and the like) is inserted into the opening. Is done.

  In the configuration shown in FIG. 11A, the starting end of the control wire 20 is fixed to the outer peripheral side of the traction plate 82. By tilting the traction plate 82, the displacement of the outer periphery of the traction plate 82 (see FIG. 4). As shown, the traction member 8 rotates about the third axis Ax3 and the eighth axis Ax8), and the amount of movement in the front-rear direction becomes the traction amount of the control wire 20 as it is. Since the bending angle of the insertion portion 5 is determined by the pulling amount, it is necessary to increase the pulling amount to increase the bending angle.

  As shown in FIG. 11B, the traction plate 82 is provided with a wire relay portion 82 b corresponding to each control wire 20. The starting end of the control wire 20 is fixed to the outer peripheral side of the rear surface (back surface) of the wire guide 9, and the control wire 20 moves backward starting from the wire guide 9 (large diameter portion 9 c). The direction of stretching is reversed by 180 ° and heads forward. Thereafter, the control wire 20 is again drawn from the outer peripheral surface of the wire guide 9 and is extended to the hollow portion 4a (see FIG. 3 and the like) of the straight portion 4 (front portion 4c) through the already described path. That is, the control wire 20 reciprocates between the traction plate 82 and the wire guide 9 once.

  As shown in FIG. 11C, the wire relay portion 82b is constituted by two through holes 82c and 82c that penetrate the traction plate 82 forward and backward, and the control wire 20 is substantially inserted by inserting the through holes 82c and 82c. To the traction plate 82. That is, also in the configuration of FIG. 11B, the starting end side of the control wire 20 is pulled backward by the pulling member 8. In order to make the control wire 20 slide smoothly, it is desirable that an intermediate portion of the through holes 82c and 82c is formed by a curved surface on the rear surface of the traction plate 82. The curved surface portion may be coated with a highly slidable film to prevent wear. Moreover, you may comprise the wire relay part 82b with a pulley.

  By comprising in this way, the wire relay part 82b provided in the traction board 82 which can incline functions substantially as a moving pulley. Accordingly, the amount of traction by the control wire 20 when the traction plate 82 including the movable pulley is inclined is doubled as compared with the configuration of FIG. By providing such an expansion displacement mechanism, the bending angle of the insertion portion 5 can be expanded. In FIG. 11B, a configuration in which a single moving pulley is provided for one control wire 20 is illustrated, but a plurality of moving pulleys are provided on the traction plate 82 for one control wire 20. The control wire 20 may extend so as to reciprocate between the pulling plate 82 and the wire guide 9 a plurality of times. In this case, through holes 82c and 82c shown in FIG. 11C are also provided on the wire guide 9 (large diameter portion 9c) side, and the control wire 20 is inserted therethrough. As a result, the pulling amount of the control wire 20 can be greatly increased, and the bending angle of the insertion portion 5 can be further increased.

  FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing a fourth modification of the connecting portion 3. FIG. 12 shows the pulling member 8 and the wire guide 9 constituting the connecting portion 3 as viewed from the front. In the third modification shown in FIG. 10B, the wire guide 9 provided in the connecting portion 3 is composed of a pair of first constant pulley 9aa and second constant pulley 9ab. Four sets were provided 90 degrees apart from each other in the circumferential direction around the two axes Ax2. In the fourth modification, the wire guides 9 arranged vertically are the same as the configuration described in the third modification, but the wire guides 9 arranged on the left and right are control wires on the plane orthogonal to the second axis Ax2. 20 includes a third constant pulley 9ac and a fourth constant pulley 9ad that change the routing direction.

  In the wire guides 9 arranged on the left and right, the third control wire 20c and the fourth control wire 20d are provided with the pulling member 8 as a starting point, the first constant pulley 9aa, the third constant pulley 9ac, the fourth constant pulley 9ad, and the second constant wire. The two control wires are routed in the order of the pulley 9ab and finally the third control wire 20c is close to the second control wire 20b and the fourth control wire 20d is close to the first control wire 20a. 20 are paired and stretched forward.

  FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing the curved state of the insertion portion 5 in the fourth modification. In the fourth modification, the position of the terminal end fixed to the inner surface of the insertion portion 5 is different in one pair of the control wires 20. That is, in the pair composed of the first control wire 20a and the fourth control wire 20d, the end of the first control wire 20a is fixed to the first fixing point 5d provided in the vicinity of the free end 5b on the inner surface of the insertion portion 5. On the other hand, the end of the fourth control wire 20d is fixed to an intermediate point (fourth fixing point 5i) provided in the middle of the base end 5a and the free end 5b on the inner surface of the insertion portion 5. The length from the base end 5a to the intermediate point may be about ½ of the length from the base end 5a to the free end 5b. Similarly, the terminal end of the second control wire 20b constituting the other pair is fixed to the second fixing point 5e on the free end 5b side, and the terminal end of the third control wire 20c is intermediate between the base end 5a and the free end 5b. It is fixed at the third fixing point 5h.

  Here, for example, when the third control wire 20c is pulled, the second half of the insertion portion 5 is curved downward. On the other hand, the first control wire 20a and the second control wire 20b that are not pulled at this time are maintained at a constant total extension in the hollow portion 5c of the insertion portion 5, and as a result, the third control wire 20c is pulled. At the same time, the first half of the insertion portion 5 is curved forward and is in the state shown in FIG. When the first control wire 20a is further pulled in this state, only the first half of the insertion portion 5 is bent upward. As described above, in the fourth modified example, it is possible to observe the affected part from the front by curving the insertion part 5 inserted parallel to the affected part in an S shape.

  FIG. 14 is an explanatory view showing a fifth modification of the connecting portion 3. FIG. 14 shows the pulling member 8 and the wire guide 9 constituting the connecting portion 3 as viewed from the front. In the fifth modification, the wire guide 9 includes a first wire guide group 9g and a second wire guide group 9h. The first wire guide group 9g has a configuration equivalent to the four wire guides 9 shown in FIG. The second wire guide group 9h is provided in a state rotated by 45 ° in the circumferential direction around the second axis Ax2 with respect to the first wire guide group 9g.

  FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of the endoscope 1 and a bending state of the insertion portion 5 in the fifth modification. In the fifth modification, the endoscope 1 includes a second traction member 90 in addition to the traction member 8 described above. The traction member 8 is configured to be tiltable about the third axis Ax3 and the eighth axis Ax8 as in the configuration described as the third modification. On the other hand, the second pulling member 90 is also supported by a second spherical bearing (not shown) provided coaxially with the spherical bearing 2c (on the second axis Ax2), and the ninth axis Ax9 and the tenth axis Ax10 are pivoted. It is configured to be tiltable. In FIG. 15, only a part of the first wire guide group 9g, a part of the second wire guide group 9h, and a part of the control wire 20 are shown in order to avoid complication of the drawing.

  The control wire 20, whose starting end is fixed to the pulling member 8, is guided to the hollow portion 4 a of the straight portion 4 by the first wire guide group 9 g and is extended to the insertion portion 5, and then the base end 5 a of the insertion portion 5 and the free end It is fixed to the inner surface of the insertion portion 5 at an intermediate position with respect to 5b. In FIG. 15, only two positions of the third fixing point 5h and the fourth fixing point 5i are shown as positions where the terminal end of the control wire 20 is fixed. It is fixed at 4 points apart. Further, the control wire 20 having the start end fixed to the second pulling member 90 is similarly extended to the insertion portion 5 by the second wire guide group 9h, and then fixed to the inner surface of the insertion portion 5 at the free end 5b of the insertion portion 5. Is done. In FIG. 15, only the first fixing point 5d is shown as the position at which the end of the control wire 20 is fixed, but it is actually fixed at four locations.

  With this configuration, the rear half of the insertion portion 5 can be curved by adjusting the inclination direction and the inclination angle of the traction member 8 with the third axis Ax3 and the eighth axis Ax8 as the rotation center. On the other hand, by adjusting the inclination direction and the inclination angle of the second pulling member 90 with the ninth axis Ax9 and the tenth axis Ax10 as the rotation center, the first half portion of the insertion portion 5 can be curved. Thereby, for example, it is possible to realize a complicated operation in which the second half of the insertion portion 5 is bent downward and the first half is bent leftward.

  Further, also in the fifth modified example, the traction member 8 and the second traction member 90 can be rotated together with the rotation operation unit 7 (see FIG. 4). As described with reference to FIG. When the rotation operation unit 7 is rotated, the linear unit 4 and the insertion unit 5 are rotated, and the imaging unit 6a performs pan and roll operations.

  Furthermore, the spherical bearing 2c is provided with a bearing opening 2d, and the traction member 8 is provided with a traction member opening 8e. As described in detail with reference to FIG. 7 and FIG. 9, the imaging unit 6 a (see FIG. 7, etc.) provided in the rigid part 6 by the practitioner operating the second operation part 2 b (see FIG. 1). ) Performs a tilt operation. As described above, in the fifth modification, the flexibility of the bending direction of the insertion portion 5 is increased, and the rigid portion 6 can perform pan, roll, and tilt operations. It is further enlarged.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated based on specific embodiment, these embodiment is an illustration to the last, Comprising: This invention is not limited by these embodiment. For example, the imaging unit 6a has been described as an example of the functional member in the embodiment, but as a functional member connected to the free end 5b side of the insertion portion 5, a snare used for laser scalpel, ultrasonic scalpel, forceps, polypectomy, etc. It may be a medical instrument.

  Note that all the components of the endoscope 1 according to the present invention shown in the above-described embodiment are not necessarily essential, and can be appropriately selected as long as they do not depart from the scope of the present invention.

  The endoscope 1 according to the present invention does not need to increase the bending angle of the insertion portion 5 and can move the visual field over a wide range even if the insertion portion 5 is configured to be short. Since it is possible to prevent mutual interference between different types of power transmission members used for the movement of the visual field, it can be suitably used for the endoscope 1 that images the inside of the observation target that cannot be observed directly from the outside.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Endoscope 2 Grasp part 2c Ball bearing 2d Bearing opening part 3 Connection part 4 Straight part 4a Hollow part 5 Insertion part 5a Base end 5b Free end 5c Hollow part 5d First fixed point 5e Second fixed point 6 Hard part 6a Imaging Unit (functional member)
6b Camera support 6e Functional member displacement part 6ea Drive arm 6eb Arm support 6f Shaft joint engaged part 6fa Square hole 6fb Lead screw 6g Support arm 6i Engagement part 7 Rotation operation part 8 Traction member 8c Stationary part 8d Rotation part 8e Pulling member opening 9 Wire guide 10 Link member (inclination setting portion)
20 Control wire (first power transmission member)
21 Spring joint (second power transmission member)
21a Shaft coupling engaging part 30 Joint piece 81 Bearing 81a Inner ring 81b Outer ring 82 Traction plate

Claims (4)

An insert that is bendable and extends from the proximal end to the free end;
A first power transmission member that transmits an operation force generated on the base end side toward the free end side as a force for bending the insertion portion;
A hard part provided on the free end side of the insertion part and having an imaging unit;
A second power transmission member that transmits the operating force generated on the base end side as a rotational force toward the free end side and displaces the imaging unit;
With
The first power transmission member is located in a hollow portion of the insertion portion from the base end to the free end ,
The rigid portion houses a functional member displacement portion that displaces the imaging unit and the imaging unit,
The second power transmission member is located in a hollow portion of the insertion portion from the base end to the free end,
The functional member displacement portion is a lead screw that transmits the rotational force of the second power transmission member, and a drive that is screwed into the lead screw and moves in the front-rear direction in the rigid portion as the lead screw rotates. An arm, and an engagement portion that engages the distal end of the drive arm and the imaging unit. The imaging unit is displaced in a direction inclined with respect to a rotation axis of the second power transmission member, and the drive An endoscope in which an inclination angle of the imaging unit with respect to a rotation axis of the second power transmission member is changed by movement of an arm . The endoscope according to claim 1 , wherein the second power transmission member includes a spring joint. One end is attached to the base end side of the insertion portion, and a linear portion provided with a hollow portion extending in the axial direction;
A traction member supported on the other end side of the linear portion and pulling the first power transmission member;
An inclination setting part for inclining the traction member with respect to a plane orthogonal to the axial direction of the linear part and fixing an inclination direction and an inclination angle of the traction member;
It said straight portion, when rotating the axial direction as a rotation axis, according to claim 1 or claim, characterized by further comprising a, a power shut-off member for blocking the transmission of rotational force by the second power transmission member 2. The endoscope according to 2. The endoscope according to claim 3 , wherein the power shut-off member is configured by an electromagnetic clutch.

Images