JP6300798B2 - 水素化処理方法および水素化処理システム - Google Patents
水素化処理方法および水素化処理システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6300798B2 JP6300798B2 JP2015523343A JP2015523343A JP6300798B2 JP 6300798 B2 JP6300798 B2 JP 6300798B2 JP 2015523343 A JP2015523343 A JP 2015523343A JP 2015523343 A JP2015523343 A JP 2015523343A JP 6300798 B2 JP6300798 B2 JP 6300798B2
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- catalyst
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 51
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 163
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910003294 NiMo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010952 in-situ formation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 70
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 63
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012075 bio-oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 375 ° C. or higher Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009789 rate limiting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、水素化処理の方法および水素化処理システムに関する。
バイオマスを熱分解して、バイオ原油を生成するすることができる。バイオ原油は、その後、水素化処理され、バイオ燃料を生成することができる。しかしながら、水素化処理を行うときに、バイオマスの熱分解により生成されたバイオ原油の組成は、注目すべき課題となっている。
本発明の第1局面によれば、水素化処理方法が提供される。この方法は、水素化処理に適した材料を提供するステップと、材料を水素化剤と混合し、材料および水素化剤の混合物を含む供給流を形成するステップと、材料の化学結合を破壊するために、触媒の存在下で供給流を加熱するステップとを含む。材料から形成されるコークスを最小化するために、供給流は、触媒が材料中の破壊された結合と反応する活性化水素を提供できる温度以上に加熱される。
熱を生成物流から供給流に伝達することは、熱伝達が発生しなかった場合に比べて、方法のエネルギー効率を増加する。供給流が水を含む場合には、熱を生成物流から供給流に伝達することは、供給流の水の少なくとも一部を蒸発させることを促進することができる。
当然のことながら、熱源は、材料の水素化処理中に発生する発熱反応によって提供されてもよい。
第3または第4局面に係るシステムの材料は、バイオ原油であってもよい。第3または第4局面に係るシステムの材料は、水素化処理されることができるが触媒により提供された活性化水素の非存在下で望ましくない反応を起こすことができる生物材料、製薬材料または任意の材料であってもよい。このような無公害のバイオ原油は、当該分野の当業者に知られているさまざまな方法を用いて、バイオマスの熱分解処理、水熱処理または液化処理により得ることができる。
添付の概略図を参照しながら、本発明の実施形態を例示のみとして説明する。
第2水素流が熱交換領域214を通過するときに、熱は、第2水素流に伝達される(ステップ110)。よって、たとえば、第2水素流が供給流と混合するときに、第2水素流は、熱交換コイル228から得られた熱を供給流に伝達することができる。
Claims (21)
- 水素化処理方法であって、
水素化処理に適したバイオ原油を提供するステップと、
前記バイオ原油を水素化剤と混合し、前記バイオ原油および前記水素化剤の混合物を含む供給流を形成するステップと、
前記バイオ原油の化学結合を破壊するために、触媒の存在下で前記供給流を反応器の内部で加熱するステップとを含み、
前記バイオ原油から形成されるコークスを最小化するために、前記供給流は、前記触媒が前記バイオ原油中の破壊された結合と反応する活性化水素を提供できる温度以上に加熱され、
前記供給流が、前記触媒との接触によってのみ、前記バイオ原油の化学結合を破壊するための温度まで加熱され、
前記バイオ原油から形成されるコークスを最小化するために、前記触媒は、前記破壊された結合と反応する活性化水素を提供できる温度以上に予め加熱されており、
前記供給流を前記触媒と接触させて加熱する前に、前記供給流は150℃未満の温度に維持される、方法。 - 前記水素化剤は、水素または水素含有反応剤である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記供給流は、前記供給流が流れることができる供給流出口を備える流路を通って触媒と接触するために反応器内の反応領域に直接導かれ、
前記供給流出口は、前記供給流の少なくとも一部が前記供給流出口から前記反応領域に直接流入するように、前記反応領域にまたはそれに隣接するように配置される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。 - 前記供給流が前記供給流出口を通過するときに、前記供給流を散布または噴霧するように、流体散布装置が前記供給流出口に設けられている、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記流体散布装置は、散布器または噴霧器のいずれかである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記供給流が前記触媒の存在下で少なくとも部分的に反応して生成物流を形成するように、前記供給流を前記触媒と接触するように導くステップと、前記生成物流から前記供給流に熱を伝達するステップとをさらに含む、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 水素流を用いて、前記生成物流から前記供給流に熱を伝達する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記水素流の少なくとも一部が、前記生成物流が流通する熱交換器から熱を取得するように、前記水素流を導く、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記水素流を前記供給流と混合することにより、前記水素流により得られた熱を前記供給流に伝達する、請求項7または8に記載の方法。
- 前記水素流は、触媒の存在下で反応に使用される、請求項7から9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒は、ニッケル系触媒またはコバルト系触媒である、請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒は、予め硫化されたまたは現場で硫化されるNiMo触媒またはCoMo触媒である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒は、前記バイオ原油および/または水素化剤から活性化水素の現場形成を触媒することができる触媒種を含む、請求項1から12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記供給流は、水を含み、
前記生成物流から前記供給流に熱を伝達するステップは、前記供給流の前記水の少なくとも一部を蒸発させることを促進する請求項6から10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 水素化処理システムであって、
触媒が配置されている反応領域と、
水素化処理に適したバイオ原油を提供するための第1投入部と、
前記バイオ原油と混合されたときに供給流を形成するための水素化剤流を提供するための第2投入部とを含み、前記供給流は、前記バイオ原油と前記水素化剤との混合物を含み、
前記バイオ原油と水素流を受け入れるように構成された供給流路を含み、前記供給流路はさらに、得られた供給流を前記触媒が配置されている前記反応領域に導くように構成され、
前記バイオ原油の化学結合を破壊するために、前記触媒の存在下で前記供給流を加熱するように、熱を前記反応領域に供給するための熱源を含み、前記バイオ原油から形成されるコークスを最小化するために、前記供給流は、前記触媒が前記バイオ原油中の破壊された結合と反応する活性化水素を提供できる温度以上に加熱され、
生成物および前記供給流の任意の未反応成分を前記水素化処理システムから排出するための排出路を含み、
前記供給流は、前記触媒との接触によってのみ、前記バイオ原油の化学結合を破壊するための温度まで加熱され、
前記バイオ原油から形成されるコークスを最小化するために、前記触媒は、前記破壊された結合と反応する活性化水素を提供できる温度以上に予め加熱されており、
前記供給流を前記触媒と接触させて加熱する前に、前記供給流は150℃未満の温度に
維持される、システム。 - 前記水素化剤は、水素または水素含有反応剤である、請求項15に記載のシステム。
- 前記熱源は、前記バイオ原油の水素化処理中に発生する発熱反応によって提供される、請求項15または16に記載のシステム。
- 請求項15から17のいずれか1項に記載のシステムであって、
生成物流を受け入れ、かつ、生成物流から前記供給流に熱を伝達するように構成された熱交換器と、
生成物および前記供給流の任意の未反応成分を前記水素化処理システムから排出するための排出路とを更に含む、システム。 - 前記触媒は、予め硫化されたまたは現場で硫化されるNiMo触媒またはCoMo触媒である、請求項15から18のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記触媒は、前記バイオ原油および/または水素化剤から活性化水素の現場形成を触媒することができる触媒種を含む、請求項19に記載のシステム。
- 前記システムは、さらなる精製システムの構成要素である、請求項15から20のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
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