JP6296586B1 - Disaster shelter - Google Patents

Abstract

As is well known, in the event of an individual disaster or evacuation, the safety of a person (body) must be maintained. One example is a shelter installed in a building. Evacuating to this shelter is considered optimal and extremely natural. However, regarding this type of shelter, at present, a desirable shape or structure is not found when considering the structure, the price, or the simplicity. The present invention relates to a plurality of columns, a plurality of first wall plates provided on each column, a plurality of second wall plates superimposed on the first wall plate, a first wall plate and a second wall. A building made up of a skeleton made up of a large number of studs opened between boards, always with an open doorway, multiple doors closing the doorway, and means for automatically closing the doors in case of a disaster It is a shelter for disaster prepared in a room, and it is possible to provide a shelter with strength and effectiveness that can respond to impacts at the time of disaster and to quickly evacuate into the shelter during a disaster. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a disaster shelter provided in a building room or a disaster shelter provided in a part of a building room.

  In the event of an individual disaster or evacuation, the safety of the person (body) must be maintained. In particular, in a building, evacuation to an installed shelter is optimal and considered quite natural. However, regarding the shelter in the building, at present, there is no desirable shape or structure when considering the structural aspect, price aspect, simplicity, or the like.

  Examples of the shelter in the patent literature include the following ideas and inventions. The idea of Utility Model Registration No. 3164037 is a cubic skeleton, and it is intended to ensure strength by installing thick plates without any gap between the ceiling part and the wall part of the double structure. However, strength is achieved by closely combining wooden materials, and it is considered that room for improvement and / or improvement of the structure is necessary to achieve the purpose. In addition, the invention of JP 2013-181347 A is based on a simple wooden shaft assembly nailing method installed in a room (indoor), and does not use a particularly new structure or material. Therefore, like the above-described device, it is considered that room for improvement and / or improvement of the structure is necessary to achieve the object. With respect to this invention, the invention of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-156174 is cited as a cited document upon examination.

Utility Model Registration No. 3164037 JP 2013-181347 A JP 2010-156174 A

  In References 1-3 described above, the effectiveness as a temporary shelter is apparent. However, when considering the effectiveness and functionality of the original shelter, further improvements and ingenuity are considered necessary. This improvement and device are, for example, 1. 1. Ensuring the connection between the column and the wall plate and ensuring the strength of the wall 2. Always open and exit doors and automatic closing doors; Is a ceiling, etc. that has the same strength as the wall and has responded to impacts.

  The present invention provides the above-described 1. -3. In order to solve this problem, claims 1-6 are proposed.

The invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a multi-column and a concavity surface of each column or an intersecting surface of each column at a corner corner and a groove formed in the standing direction of each column, and both ends are fitted between the grooves. A plurality of first wall plates attached together, a plurality of second wall plates that are attached to the outer surface of each of the pillars and overlap the first wall plates, and the first wall plates and the second walls and a large number of studs which opened between the plate, and the normally open doorway, a plurality of doors for closing the entrance, consisting of a housing provided with means, the closing of the doors automatic disaster, the building room For example, to provide shelter for disasters that can respond to impacts at the time of a disaster, for example, providing shelter with strength and effectiveness, and prompt evacuation into the shelter during a disaster There are features. In particular, there is an entrance that is always open, which is beneficial for a sense of security and the rapid evacuation. And in this invention, it has the advantage which can be constructed | assembled reliably and rationally, and the economical advantage by making full use of the conventional wooden (woody) board | plate material and the skill level of a carpenter. Further, in the present invention, by providing a plurality of doors, shelter can be evacuated, entered / exited from all directions, or entered or exited if necessary, which is beneficial.

The invention according to claim 2 is configured such that the multiple columns and the confronting surfaces of the columns or the intersecting surfaces of the columns at the corners and the recessed grooves formed in the standing direction of the columns, and both ends are fitted between the recessed grooves. A plurality of first wall plates attached together, a plurality of second wall plates that are attached to the outer surface of each of the pillars and overlap the first wall plates, and the first wall plates and the second walls Integrated into a building room consisting of a large number of studs opened between the plates, a door that is always open , multiple doors that block the door, and a means that automatically closes each door in the event of a disaster . It is a shelter for disasters, has the same effect as the first aspect, and can be easily installed in a conventional building. Further, in the present invention, by providing a plurality of doors, it is beneficial to evacuate, enter and exit the shelter from all directions of the building, or enter or leave the room as necessary.

  In the invention of claim 3, the means for automatically closing any one door in the event of a disaster is an actuator, a combination of an inclined rail and a lock pin, a locking damper, a brace, a combination of a wire and an automatic motor. It is a disaster shelter that is one of them, and has the benefit of helping to protect the weak, such as disabled people and the elderly, in addition to achieving the effects of claims 1 and 2.

  The invention according to claim 4 is a disaster shelter constructed such that a heat insulating material is provided between a large number of first wall plates and a large number of second wall plates, and the effects of claims 1 and 2 In addition to the achievement of this, there are practical benefits that help maintain health during evacuation and protect the vulnerable, such as disabled and elderly.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a first opening is formed in the floor of the housing, the first opening is connected to a storage room provided under the floor of the building, and household articles are stored in the storage room or a simple toilet. , A shelter for disaster that has one or more of the refrigerator or freezer equipment, and the achievement of the effects of claims 1 and 2 together with the life in evacuation, And / or have benefits that help maintain health and at least protect the weak, such as disabled and elderly, and / or stay.

  In the invention of claim 6, the second opening is formed in the floor of the building, the second opening is connected to the storage room, and the daily necessities are stored in the storage room, or a simple toilet, a refrigerator, or a freezer device. The disaster shelter has a configuration in which any one or a plurality of them are attached, and the same effect as that of claim 5 can be expected.

1 is a bird's-eye view of a partial defect showing an example of a single shelter (single shelter) in which the shelter is constituted by a housing. An overhead view of a partial defect showing an example of the skeleton of the first embodiment In each figure which showed an example of the wall principal part of 1st Example, (a) The enlarged front view of a wall principal part, (B) The enlarged overhead view of a wall principal part, (C) The enlarged overhead view of a wall corner corner principal part Figure The enlarged plan view which showed an example of the ceiling principal part of 1st Example An enlarged front view of the main part (hereinafter, the main part is omitted) showing an example of the entrance and exit of the first embodiment Enlarged schematic diagram showing an example of the door of the first embodiment and an automatic closing means. An overhead view showing an example in which a heat insulating material is attached to the outer wall of the first embodiment. An overhead view showing an example in which, for example, a wall plate or an outer wall is attached (attached) to the wall plate of the first embodiment so as to be lined. Schematic diagram of a partial defect showing an example of a state where the single shelter of the first embodiment is installed in one room of the building A bird's-eye view of a part of a defect that is an example of a building-type shelter (building shelter) that is a second embodiment and has a shelter built in the building An enlarged overhead view showing an example of the wall of the second embodiment An overhead view showing an example in which a heat insulating material is attached to the outer wall of the second embodiment. Schematic diagram showing an example of the relationship between the foundation and the outer wall of the second embodiment An enlarged overhead view showing an example of an entrance / exit of the second embodiment An overhead view showing an example of the door of the second embodiment and an automatic closing means It is an enlarged schematic diagram of a partial defect showing an example of the assembly (construction) of a column and a beam, or a foundation. (A) shows a wedge shape, (b) shows a double wedge shape An enlarged schematic diagram of a partial defect showing an example of assembly (construction) of the floor foundation

  1 to 6, the single shelter A in the shape of the casing (container) will be described. The column 1 (wooden square) is constructed (assembled) as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2-1. The skeleton A1 of the shelter A is built up. The pillar of the skeleton A1 is a main part when viewed from the front in FIG. 2-2 (b), and FIG. 2-2 (b) is in the state viewed from above. Grooves 2 and 2a are formed in the facing surfaces 100 and 101 of view X). Further, FIG. 2-2 (C) is a state as viewed from above, and a concave groove is formed on the intersecting surface 102 (the surface 100 or the surface intersecting the surface 101) of each column member 1 at the corner of the shelter A. 2b is formed. Each of the concave grooves 2 and 2a on the facing surfaces 100 and 101 of a large number of pillars 1 erected on the foundation base 3 is preferably 28 mm thick (an example is provided, and the plate thickness is changed when necessary. , Or according to the flow of the times. The same shall apply hereinafter.) Wall plates 5, 5... (Hereinafter referred to as 5 etc., the first wall plate) are inserted and supported (supported by shank fitting). In addition, preferably, the wall plate 5 having a thickness of 28 mm is provided in each of the concave groove 2b and the concave grooves 2 and 2a between the intersecting surface 102 corresponding to the corner of the skeleton A1 and the opposing surface 100 or the opposing surface 101. Insert and support etc. A partial wall A2-1 of the wall A2 is constructed with the construction of the wall plates 5 and the like between the multiple pillars 1. After this partial wall A2-1 is performed (simultaneous progress is possible), the outer wall plate 6 (second wall plate) is constructed. Preferably, the outer wall 103 and the outer wall are provided on the outer surface 103 of the column member 1. A large number of studs 7 (hereinafter referred to as 7 etc.) are interposed between the plate 6 (together with the wall plate 5 and the outer wall plate 6) to improve the strength (improve the resistance to external pressure). The thickness of the outer wall plate 6 is desirably 12 mm. The base 3 is provided on the cloth foundation 4. In addition, the wall plate 5 and / or the outer wall plate 6 and the like are doubled (lining or lining) if necessary, and the inner wall or outer wall is used to improve the strength (see FIG. 5-2). ).

  In the ceiling A3 shown in FIG. 2-3 or FIG. 7, the structure shown by the column material 1 is used for the eaves girder A3-1 or the span beam A3-2, and a large number of eaves girder A3-1 ... (Hereinafter referred to as A3-1 etc.), or Tsumara A3-2 (hereinafter referred to as A3-2 etc.) or although not shown, eaves girder A3-1 and / or A ceiling plate 8 (hereinafter referred to as 8 etc.) is placed on or inserted into each concave groove (not shown). Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the ceiling board 8 or the like is placed on the eaves girder A3-1 or the like or the beam A3-2 or the like (FIGS. 1 and 2-1, etc.), and / or The ceiling board 8 and the like and the rafters 10 for reinforcement are constructed so as to overlap the eaves girder A3-1 or the like or the span beam A3-2 or the like. In the figure, reference numeral 11 denotes a reinforcing plate (reinforcing column) provided on the indoor side of the ceiling plate 8 or the like. By providing the reinforcing plate (reinforcing column) in the same positional relationship as the rafter 10 or the like, the reinforcing surface (improves the pressure resistance) or simplifies the mounting means. It is considered desirable. In addition, while attaching the reinforcement board 11-1 also between the ceiling boards 8, the positional relationship (grating form) orthogonal to this reinforcement board 11-1, or eaves-girder A3-1 etc., or the span beam A3-2 etc. And As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2-12 etc., by forming a space air layer part 80... (Hereinafter referred to as 80 etc.) between the upper and lower ceiling boards 8 etc., it can be used as a buffer space. Effective for shock relaxation. Although the idea of the space air layer 80 is not shown, it can be applied to the wall A2 described above. A waterproof sheet is laid on the ceiling A3.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the shelter A is provided with a number of normally open and closed entrances 12 (hereinafter referred to as 12) on the wall A2, and the door 13 is automatically closed in the event of a disaster. (Hereinafter referred to as 13). As shown in FIG. 4, the door 13 can be adapted to various disasters such as earthquake, tsunami, wind and rain, etc. The driving means 16 is provided by a combination of a wire and an automatic motor, the sensor 15 is activated, and the entrance / exit 12 is automatically closed. Naturally, emergency measures are taken. Although not shown, the doorway 12 may not be provided with the door 13. In addition, although the entrance / exit 12 is provided in each place of the wall A2 of the shelter A, for example, one or many, the building S, a space S with the room B1 (see FIG. 6), a dangerous place such as a window, etc. Consider and limit the number. Also, consider the best measures after considering the number of carpenters (at the time of installation, construction, etc.), the number of people, persons with disabilities and the elderly. In addition, the ridges at the entrance 12 are reinforced. In addition, the building B is reinforced by bracing or the like to reduce the burden on the shelter A.

  In the figure, reference numeral 20 denotes a storage provided under the floor, which is connected to the opening 17 of the floor A4 such as the shelter A and / or the building B. The storage 20 is used as a storage for daily necessities, toilets, refrigerators, clothing, and the like.

  In this example, the wall A2 of the shelter A is constructed by the pillar 1 and the like, and the wall plates 5 and the outer wall boards 6 provided on the pillar 1 etc., and the ceiling A3 is constructed on the wall, thereby The shelter A of the embodiment is completed. And this shelter A is deployed in one room B1 of the building B, for example, as shown in FIG.

  In the figure, reference numeral 21 denotes a heat insulating material, which is disposed between the wall plate 5 and the outer wall plate 6 or between the ceiling plates 8. Used to maintain indoor temperature.

  And in the event of a disaster, the door 13 automatically closes and is safe by escaping to the inside through the doorway 12, and when necessary, the door 13 can be opened from the inside to allow other people to enter. . The door 13 can be locked. Shelter A has resistance and sealing properties and is effective for disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and storms. If necessary, buoyancy may be provided.

  Next, the building B integrated shelter AA shown in FIGS. 7 to 12 will be described. The column material 1, the wall plate 5, the outer wall plate 6, the intermediary column 7, the ceiling plate 8, the rafter 10, the reinforcing plate 11, etc. The structure and assembly of the reinforcing plate 11-1 and the like are the same as those of the shelter A. However, in principle, the entrance / exit 1200 can be locked in an openable / closable manner. The door 1300 can be either automatic or manual. That is, it has a function and structure as a general building. Further, the shelter A may be provided with the doorway 12 or the door 13. In addition, as shown in FIG. 9, the wall board 5 and the outer wall board 6 construct | assemble the outer wall B2 of the building B provided with the heat insulating material 21 in principle. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 8, it can also become the outer wall of the building B, or the inner wall B3 (partition) by making the wall board 5 and the outer wall board 6 into a double structure.

  One room B1 of the building B constructed (configured) here is a shelter AA. Other configurations and / or usage methods, effectiveness at the time of disaster, and the like are the same as those of the shelter A described above.

  In FIG. 13 (a), a first joint inclined surface 30a having a wedge-shaped notch is formed in the end beam A3-2 at a fixed position (connection position) between the column member 1 and the end beam A3-2. A second wedge-shaped inclined surface 30b having a wedge-shaped notch is formed on the upper end surface of the rim. In this joint relationship, a wedge effect occurs. Therefore, it has a feature that can withstand loads such as external impacts and pressures. Further, for example, the effectiveness can be considered against an impact from the direction of the arrow. Note that this relationship is the same at the fixed portion between the column member 1 and the base 3. The above-mentioned joint relationship can be secured and the initial purpose can be achieved. Note that (b) is a change in the form of the first and second joint inclined surfaces 30a and 30b, and it is considered that the strength can be further improved. Moreover, FIG. 14 has shown the abutment relation of the large pull 22 and the pillar material 1 which comprises a floor foundation, for example. In this example, for example, it is possible to withstand the impact in the vertical direction and the load, and the effectiveness can be considered for the impact from the arrow direction, for example, as described above.

  Each of the above-described embodiments is a preferred example of the present invention. It is not limited to each embodiment or drawing. Therefore, a structure in which a part of the configuration is changed within the scope of the invention, a structure capable of achieving the same characteristics and effects, and the like are within the scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Column material 100 Opposite surface 101 Opposite surface 102 Intersection surface 103 Outer surface 2 Concave groove 2a Concave groove 2b Concave groove 3 Base 4 Fabric foundation 5 Wall plate 6 Outer wall plate 7 Intermediary column 8 Ceiling plate 80 Space air layer part 10 Rafter 11 Reinforcement plate 11 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS -1 Reinforcement plate 12 Entrance / exit 1200 Entrance / exit 13 Door 1300 Door 15 Sensor 16 Drive means 17 Opening part 20 Storage 21 Heat insulating material 22 Large drawing 30a 1st entrance slope surface 30b 2nd entrance slope surface A shelter AA shelter A1 skeleton A2 wall A2 -1 Partial wall A3 Ceiling A3-1 House girder A3-2 Tsumara A4 Floor B Building B1 One room B2 Outer wall B3 Inner wall

Claims (6)

A multi-column , a concave groove formed on the opposite surface of each column, or an intersecting surface of each column at a corner corner, and in the standing direction of each column, and fitting both ends between the concave grooves A plurality of first wall plates, a plurality of second wall plates that are attached to the outer surface of each of the pillars and overlap the first wall plate, and between the first wall plate and the second wall plate. Prepared in a building room consisting of a housing with a large number of studs opened in, a door that is always open, a plurality of doors that close the door, and means for automatically closing each door in the event of a disaster Disaster shelter. A multi-column , a concave groove formed on the opposite surface of each column, or an intersecting surface of each column at a corner corner, and in the standing direction of each column, and fitting both ends between the concave grooves A plurality of first wall plates, a plurality of second wall plates that are attached to the outer surface of each of the pillars and overlap the first wall plate, and between the first wall plate and the second wall plate. a large number and this of the studs, and the normally open doorway, which opened in, and multiple doors that close the entrance, and means closing this each door to the automatic disaster, consisting of, for disasters that together with the building of the room Shelter.   The means for automatically closing any one of the doors in the event of a disaster is any one of an actuator, a combination of an inclined rail, a lock pin, a locking damper, a brace, and a combination of a wire and an automatic motor. Item 10. A disaster shelter according to claim 1 or claim 2.   The disaster shelter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a heat insulating material is provided between the multiple first wall plates and the multiple second wall plates.   A first opening is formed in the floor of the housing, and the first opening is connected to a storage room provided under the floor of the building, and in this storage room, daily goods are stored, or a simple toilet, a refrigerator, Or the shelter for disasters of Claim 1 which was set as the structure which attaches any one or more from the apparatus of a freezer. A second opening is formed in the floor of the building, and the second opening is connected to the storage room. In the storage room, the daily necessities are stored, or a simple toilet, a refrigerator, or a freezer. The disaster shelter according to claim 5 , wherein any one or a plurality of the shelters are attached.