JP6285472B2 - 診断及び治療のための腫瘍関連マーカーの同定 - Google Patents
診断及び治療のための腫瘍関連マーカーの同定 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明により同定される腫瘍関連抗原をコードする核酸は、宿主細胞のトランスフェクションのために使用し得る。本明細書における核酸は、組換えDNA及びRNAの両方を意味する。組換えRNAは、DNA鋳型のインビトロ転写によって作製し得る。さらに、適用の前に配列の安定化、キャップ形成及びポリアデニル化によって修飾し得る。
前述したアミノ酸変異体は、例えば固相合成(Merrifield,1964)及び類似の方法又は組換えDNA操作のような公知のペプチド合成手法を用いて容易に作製し得る。置換、挿入又は欠失を有するタンパク質及びペプチドを作製するためのDNA配列の操作は、例えばSambrook et al.(1989)の中で詳細に説明されている。
本発明によれば、「疾患」という用語は、腫瘍関連核酸及び/又は腫瘍関連抗原が発現される又は異常発現される何らかの病的状態を指す。「異常発現」は、本発明によれば、健常個体における状態と比較して、発現が変化している、好ましくは増大していることを意味する。発現の増大は、少なくとも10%、特に少なくとも20%、少なくとも50%又は少なくとも100%の増加を指す。1つの実施形態では、発現は疾患個体の組織においてのみ認められ、健常個体における発現は抑制されているか又は胎盤を除いて健常個体では抑制されている。そのような疾患の一例は癌であり、本発明による「癌」という用語は、白血病、精上皮腫、黒色腫、奇形腫、リンパ腫、神経芽細胞腫、神経膠腫、直腸癌、子宮内膜癌、腎癌、副腎癌、甲状腺癌、血液癌、皮膚癌、脳の癌、子宮頸癌、腸癌(intestinal cancer)、肝癌、結腸癌、胃癌、腸癌(intestine cancer)、頭頸部癌、消化器癌、リンパ節癌、食道癌、結腸直腸癌、膵癌、耳鼻咽喉(ENT)癌、乳癌、前立腺癌、子宮の癌、卵巣癌及び肺癌並びにそれらの転移を含む。その例は、肺癌腫、乳癌腫、前立腺癌腫、結腸癌腫、腎細胞癌腫、子宮頸癌腫、又は前述した癌の種類又は腫瘍の転移である。本発明による癌という用語はまた、癌の転移を包含する。
本発明はまた、適合移入と称される治療方法を含み(Greenberg,J.Immunol.136(5):1917,1986;Riddel et al.,Science 257:238,1992;Lynch et al.,Eur.J.Immunol.21:1403−1410,1991;Kast et al.,Cell 59:603−614,1989)、この方法では、所望の複合体を提示する細胞(例えば、樹状細胞)を治療される患者の細胞傷害性Tリンパ球と組み合わせて、特異的細胞傷害性Tリンパ球の増殖を生じさせる。増殖した細胞傷害性Tリンパ球を、次に、特異的複合体を提示する特定異常細胞によって特徴づけられる細胞異常を有する患者に投与する。細胞傷害性Tリンパ球は、その後異常細胞を溶解し、それによって所望の治療効果を達成する。
CpGオリゴヌクレオチド(Kreig et al.,Nature 374:546−9,1995参照)並びにスクアラン及び/又はトコフェロールのような生分解性油から調製される様々な油中水型エマルションを含む。好ましくは、ペプチドをDQS21/MPLとの混合物中で投与する。DQS21対MPLの比率は、典型的には約1:10〜10:1、好ましくは約1:5〜5:1、特に約1:1である。ヒトへの投与のためには、ワクチン製剤は、典型的には約1μg〜約100μgの範囲内のDQS21及びMPLを含有する。
以下、参考形態の例を付記する。
1.腫瘍関連核酸の増加した発現によって特徴付けられる癌疾患を検出するインビトロ方法であって、
前記インビトロ方法は、患者から単離した生物学的試料中の、
(i)腫瘍関連核酸、及び/又は、
(ii)腫瘍関連抗原、
を検出する又はその量を測定する工程を含み、
前記腫瘍関連核酸が、
(a)配列番号587の核酸配列を含む核酸、および
(b)(a)の前記核酸と少なくとも90%同一な核酸、
から成る群より選択されており、
前記腫瘍関連抗原が、前記核酸の群から選択される核酸によってコードされる配列を有し、
前記癌疾患が、結腸癌、卵巣癌、肺癌、黒色腫、乳癌、結腸直腸癌、前立腺癌、および子宮頸癌からなる群から選択される、
インビトロ方法。
2.前記検出又はその量を測定する工程が、
(i)前記生物学的試料を、前記腫瘍関連核酸または腫瘍関連抗原に特異的に結合する薬剤と接触させる工程、及び
(ii)前記薬剤と、前記核酸または前記腫瘍関連抗原との間の複合体の形成を検出する工程又は該複合体の量を測定する工程、
を含み、
前記腫瘍関連核酸に特異的に結合する前記薬剤が、前記核酸に特異的にハイブリダイズするオリゴヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチドであり、
前記腫瘍関連抗原に特異的に結合する前記薬剤が、前記腫瘍関連抗原に特異的に結合する抗体である、1に記載の方法。
3.前記疾患を検出する方法が、前記疾患を有する又は前記疾患に罹患することが疑われる患者からの試料において前記疾患の後退、経過又は発症を測定することを含む、1または2に記載の方法。
4.第1時点での第1試料における検出又は量の測定する工程、及び第2時点でのさらなる試料における検出及び量の測定する工程、並びに2つの試料の比較する工程を含む、3に記載の方法。
5.前記薬剤が検出可能に標識されている、2から4のいずれかに記載の方法。
6.前記試料が体液及び/又は体組織を含む1から5のいずれかに記載の方法。
7.前記癌疾患が、前記腫瘍関連核酸の発現又は異常発現によって特徴づけられる、1から6のいずれかに記載の方法。
8.前記癌疾患が、前記腫瘍関連核酸によってコードされる腫瘍関連抗原の発現又は異常発現によってさらに特徴づけられる、7に記載の方法。
9.前記抗体が、モノクローナル抗体、キメラ抗体若しくはヒト化抗体であるか、又は抗体のフラグメントである、2に記載の方法。
10.腫瘍関連核酸の増加した発現によって特徴付けられる癌疾患を検出するためのキットであって、
(i)腫瘍関連核酸、及び/又は
(ii)腫瘍関連抗原、
を検出する又はその量を測定するための薬剤を含み、
前記腫瘍関連核酸が、
(a)配列番号587の核酸配列を含む核酸、および
(b)(a)の前記核酸と少なくとも90%同一な核酸、
から成る群より選択されており、
前記腫瘍関連抗原が、前記核酸の群から選択される核酸によってコードされる配列を有し、
前記(i)に関する前記薬剤が、前記核酸に特異的にハイブリダイズするオリゴヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチドであり、
前記(ii)に関する前記薬剤が、前記腫瘍関連抗原に特異的に結合する抗体であり、
前記癌疾患が、結腸癌、卵巣癌、肺癌、黒色腫、乳癌、結腸直腸癌、前立腺癌、および子宮頸癌からなる群から選択される、キット。
(実施例1)
腫瘍において異常に活性化される胎盤特異的遺伝子のスクリーニング
同定された腫瘍関連マーカーの確認
このようにした単離したRNA 2〜4μgを、その後、例えば製造者のプロトコールに従ってSuperscript II(Invitrogen)を用いてcDNAに転写した。該当する製造者の標準プロトコールに従ってランダムヘキサマー(例えば、Roche Diagnostics)を使用してcDNA合成を開始させる。品質管理のために、低い程度にのみ発現されるp53遺伝子に特異的なプライマーを使用して、cDNAを30サイクルにわたって増幅する。p53陽性のcDNA試料だけをその後の反応工程のために使用する。
完全長配列をクローニングするために、cDNA末端の迅速な増幅及び遺伝子特異的プローブによるcDNA発現ライブラリーのスクリーニングのための一般的なプロトコールを使用し得る(Sambrook et al.,Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,2nd edition(1989),Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,Cold Spring Harbor,N.Y.)。
このようにして見出されたフラグメントを集めた後、一般的な予測プログラムを用いて潜在的なオープンリーディングフレーム(ORF)を予測することができる。ポリA尾部及びポリアデニル化モチーフの位置は潜在的遺伝子産物の方向をあらかじめ決定するので、その特定方向の3つのリーディングフレームだけが可能な6つのリーディングフレームの外側のままである。前者はしばしば、タンパク質をコードし得る十分に大きなオープンリーディングフレームを1つだけ生成するが、その他のリーディングフレームはあまりに多くの終結コドンを有しており、現実的なタンパク質をコードしない。選択的オープンリーディングフレームの場合、本物の(authentic)ORFの同定には、最適転写開始についてのコザック判定基準を考慮に入れること及び生じ得る推定タンパク質配列を解析することが助けとなる。上記ORFは、潜在的ORFから推定されたタンパク質に対する免疫血清を作製し、組織及び細胞株中の実際のタンパク質の認識に関してこの免疫血清を分析することによってさらに確認される。
RNA干渉(siRNA)。細胞内の標的分子の機能の完全な喪失を誘導し得る、標的遺伝子の発現の阻害を、細胞におけるRNA干渉(siRNA)技術によって生じさせ得る(Hannon,GJ.2002.RNA interference.Nature 418:244-51;Czauderna et al.2003.Nucl.Acid Res.31:670-82)。このために、標的分子に特異的な約20〜25ヌクレオチド長の短い二本鎖RNA分子で細胞をトランスフェクトする。次に酵素処理によって標的遺伝子の特異的RNAの分解、そしてそれ故標的タンパク質の発現低下を生じさせ、結果として標的遺伝子を機能的に分析することを可能にする。
同定された腫瘍関連マーカーの詳細な分析
配列番号599のヌクレオチド配列は、配列番号18から推定され、明らかなオープンリーディングフレームを有さない。正常組織及び癌組織における配列番号599の発現を、配列特異的オリゴヌクレオチド(配列番号600、601)を使用したリアルタイムRT−PCRによって定量した;図21参照。配列番号599は胎盤において高発現される。他の正常組織と比較して、配列番号599は胃癌、乳癌、肺癌及び黒色腫において過剰発現される。これらの発現結果に基づき、配列番号599及びその発現産物は、標的治療のための、特にこれらの特定腫瘍型のための分子マーカー及び/又は標的候補物質として適格である。
Claims (10)
- 腫瘍関連核酸の増加した発現によって特徴付けられる癌疾患の診断を補助するインビトロ方法であって、
前記インビトロ方法は、患者から単離した生物学的試料中の、
(i)腫瘍関連核酸、及び/又は、
(ii)腫瘍関連抗原、
を検出する又はその量を測定する工程を含み、
前記腫瘍関連核酸が、
(a)配列番号587の核酸配列を含む核酸、および
(b)(a)の前記核酸と少なくとも90%同一な核酸、
から成る群より選択されており、
前記腫瘍関連抗原が、前記核酸の群から選択される核酸によってコードされる配列を有し、
前記癌疾患が、結腸癌、卵巣癌、肺癌、および黒色腫からなる群から選択される、
インビトロ方法。 - 前記検出又はその量を測定する工程が、
(i)前記生物学的試料を、前記腫瘍関連核酸または腫瘍関連抗原に特異的に結合する薬剤と接触させる工程、及び
(ii)前記薬剤と、前記核酸または前記腫瘍関連抗原との間の複合体の形成を検出する工程又は該複合体の量を測定する工程、
を含み、
前記腫瘍関連核酸に特異的に結合する前記薬剤が、前記核酸に特異的にハイブリダイズするオリゴヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチドであり、
前記腫瘍関連抗原に特異的に結合する前記薬剤が、前記腫瘍関連抗原に特異的に結合する抗体である、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記方法が、前記疾患を有する又は前記疾患に罹患することが疑われる患者からの試料において前記疾患の後退、経過又は発症を測定することを含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 第1時点での第1試料における検出又は量の測定する工程、及び第2時点でのさらなる試料における検出及び量の測定する工程、並びに2つの試料の比較する工程を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記薬剤が検出可能に標識されている、請求項2から4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記試料が体液及び/又は体組織を含む、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記癌疾患が、前記腫瘍関連核酸の発現又は異常発現によって特徴づけられる、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記癌疾患が、前記腫瘍関連核酸によってコードされる腫瘍関連抗原の発現又は異常発現によってさらに特徴づけられる、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が、モノクローナル抗体、キメラ抗体若しくはヒト化抗体であるか、又は抗体のフラグメントである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 腫瘍関連核酸の増加した発現によって特徴付けられる癌疾患を検出するためのキットであって、
(i)腫瘍関連核酸、及び/又は
(ii)腫瘍関連抗原、
を検出する又はその量を測定するための薬剤を含み、
前記腫瘍関連核酸が、
(a)配列番号587の核酸配列を含む核酸、および
(b)(a)の前記核酸と少なくとも90%同一な核酸、
から成る群より選択されており、
前記腫瘍関連抗原が、前記核酸の群から選択される核酸によってコードされる配列を有し、
前記(i)に関する前記薬剤が、前記核酸に特異的にハイブリダイズするオリゴヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチドであり、
前記(ii)に関する前記薬剤が、前記腫瘍関連抗原に特異的に結合する抗体であり、
前記癌疾患が、結腸癌、卵巣癌、肺癌、および黒色腫からなる群から選択される、キット。
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CA2703259A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
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JP2016135121A (ja) | 2016-07-28 |
EP3299387A3 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
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