JP6254917B2 - Carbon dioxide recovery device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide recovery device, and more specifically to an apparatus that recovers carbon dioxide discharged from an internal combustion engine that drives a generator of a cogeneration device and supplies the carbon dioxide to a plant cultivation facility.

  Conventionally, carbon dioxide is often recovered from exhaust gas discharged from a large plant such as a power plant. Recently, as in the technique described in Patent Document 1, an internal combustion engine that drives a generator of a cogeneration apparatus is used. A carbon dioxide recovery device has been proposed in which energy efficiency is improved by recovering carbon dioxide contained in exhaust gas discharged from an engine and supplying it to a plant cultivation facility.

  The technique described in Patent Document 1 uses plant residues after harvesting, such as fruits, in plant cultivation facilities as an energy source for driving the internal combustion engine of the cogeneration apparatus, and uses exhaust heat generated by the combustion as a heat source for the cultivation facility. The exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine is pressure-adjusted and stored in a carbon dioxide storage tank, and then supplied to the plant cultivation facility.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-341953

  In the technique described in Patent Document 1, the exhaust gas that has passed through the exhaust gas cooling device is adjusted to an appropriate pressure by a compression device, temporarily stored in a carbon dioxide gas storage tank, and then supplied to a cultivation facility. Is done.

  In other words, since the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas is not adsorbed and stored by the adsorbent, the recovery efficiency is low, and it is necessary to enlarge the storage tank in order to recover a sufficient amount of carbon dioxide. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that the apparatus becomes large.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, improve the energy efficiency by collecting the carbon dioxide of the exhaust gas discharged from the cogeneration apparatus and supplying it to the plant cultivation facility, and using the adsorbent An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide recovery device that efficiently recovers carbon dioxide without increasing the size of the apparatus.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in claim 1, the recovery means for recovering carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine that drives the generator of the cogeneration apparatus and supplying it to the plant cultivation facility In the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus, the recovery means is disposed downstream in the flow of exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine, and an adsorption tank in which the first adsorbent is accommodated, and the adsorption tank A storage tank that is disposed downstream and in which the second adsorbent is accommodated, and is disposed downstream of the adsorption tank. One end is connected to the adsorption tank and an open end is formed at the other end. a branch pipe having a relief valve for adjusting the pressure inside the tank, the pressure of the exhaust gas than atmospheric pressure Lili discharged from the internal combustion engine in the interior of the suction tank The exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine is pumped to the adsorption tank so that the pressure becomes higher by a first predetermined value set by the valve, and the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the first adsorbent. Desorbing the adsorbed carbon dioxide from the first adsorbent by depressurizing the internal pressure of the carbon adsorbing means and the adsorbing tank, and pumping the desorbed carbon dioxide to the storage tank and carbon dioxide storage means for storing adsorbed to 2 adsorbent, Ri Do from the carbon dioxide supply means for supplying carbon dioxide stored in the storage tank to the plant cultivation facilities, the internal combustion engine, the discharge of the flue gas The passage has an exhaust chamber for collecting moisture in the exhaust gas, the branch pipe has a venturi portion between the relief valve and the open end, and the venturi portion is the adsorption As the moisture trapped in the exhaust chamber by the exhaust gas flowing through the relief valve from link is released from the open end is sucked and constructed as Ru is connected to the exhaust chamber.

  In the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus according to claim 2, the first compressor disposed upstream of the adsorption tank in the flow of exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine, and the storage on the downstream side of the adsorption tank A second compressor disposed upstream of the tank, wherein the carbon dioxide adsorbing means operates the first compressor to pump the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine to the adsorption tank, thereby the exhaust gas. Carbon dioxide contained in the first adsorbent, and the carbon dioxide storage means operates the second compressor to depressurize the pressure inside the adsorption tank to reduce the carbon dioxide from the first adsorbent. Carbon was desorbed, and the desorbed carbon dioxide was pumped to the storage tank and adsorbed to the second adsorbent for storage.

In the carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 3 , the carbon dioxide storage means operates the second compressor to pump the desorbed carbon dioxide to the storage tank so that the inside of the storage tank. The pressure is increased to a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure by a second predetermined value, and the desorbed carbon dioxide is adsorbed by the second adsorbent and stored.

In the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus according to claim 4 , a plurality of the adsorption tanks are provided, and the carbon dioxide adsorption means and the carbon dioxide storage means operate the first and second compressors to operate the plurality of the adsorption tanks. The adsorption and desorption of the carbon dioxide were alternately performed in each adsorption tank.

The carbon dioxide recovery apparatus according to claim 5 is configured to include a water removal means for removing water in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine.

In the carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 1, the recovery means that recovers carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine that drives the generator of the cogeneration device and supplies it to the plant cultivation facility is an internal combustion engine. The adsorbing tank is disposed downstream in the flow of exhaust gas discharged from the engine, and the first adsorbent is accommodated therein, and is disposed downstream of the adsorbing tank, and the second adsorbent is accommodated therein. A storage tank, a branch pipe disposed downstream of the adsorption tank, one end connected to the adsorption tank, an open end formed at the other end, having a relief valve for adjusting the pressure inside the adsorption tank, and an adsorption tank The exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine so that the pressure of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine inside is higher than the atmospheric pressure by a first predetermined value set by the relief valve. Carbon dioxide adsorbing means for adsorbing carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas to the first adsorbent by pumping the adsorbed gas to the adsorption tank, and desorbing the adsorbed carbon dioxide from the first adsorbent by reducing the pressure inside the adsorption tank Carbon dioxide storage means for pumping the desorbed carbon dioxide to a storage tank and adsorbing and storing it on the second adsorbent, and carbon dioxide supply for supplying the carbon dioxide stored in the storage tank to the plant cultivation facility means a Ri Do from the internal combustion engine has an exhaust chamber for collecting moisture in the exhaust gas discharge path of the exhaust gas, the branch pipe has a venturi portion between the open end relief valve, the venturi section , as the moisture trapped in the exhaust chamber by the exhaust gas flowing through the relief valve from the suction tank is discharged from the open end is sucked, since it is configured as Ru is connected to the exhaust chamber, Nerugi with efficiency can be enhanced, first, by adsorption and storage of carbon dioxide by using the second adsorbent, can be efficiently recover carbon dioxide without increasing the size of the device.

  In the carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 2, the first compressor disposed upstream of the adsorption tank in the flow of exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine, and the upstream side of the storage tank downstream of the adsorption tank A carbon dioxide adsorbing means that operates the first compressor to pump the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine to the adsorption tank to first adsorb the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas. The carbon dioxide storage means causes the second compressor to operate and depressurizes the pressure inside the adsorption tank to desorb carbon dioxide from the first adsorbent, and stores the desorbed carbon dioxide. Since it is configured to be pumped to the tank and adsorbed and stored in the second adsorbent, carbon dioxide can be recovered more efficiently in addition to the effects described above.

In the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus according to claim 3 , the carbon dioxide storage means pumps the carbon dioxide desorbed by operating the second compressor to the storage tank so as to set the pressure inside the storage tank to atmospheric pressure. In addition to the effects described above, pressurization is performed at the time of supply to the plant cultivation facility because the desorbed carbon dioxide is adsorbed and stored in the second adsorbent. It can be easily supplied without the need for a means or air blower, etc., and by providing a guide pipe etc., it can be pinpointed to a target plant among various plant groups in a plant cultivation facility Can do.

In the carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 4 , a plurality of adsorption tanks are provided, and the carbon dioxide adsorption means and the carbon dioxide storage means operate the first and second compressors to operate the plurality of adsorption tanks. In addition to the effects described above, carbon dioxide can be more efficiently recovered from the exhaust gas with a simple configuration.

Since the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus according to claim 5 is configured to include a water removal means for removing water in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine, in addition to the above-described effects, the deterioration of the adsorbent or the adsorption efficiency. Can be prevented.

1 is a schematic diagram showing an entire carbon dioxide recovery device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the whole cogeneration apparatus among the carbon dioxide collection apparatuses shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged explanatory view of a part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1. It is a sequence diagram which shows operation | movement of the apparatus shown in FIG.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out a carbon dioxide recovery device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram generally showing a carbon dioxide recovery device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram generally showing a cogeneration device constituting the carbon dioxide recovery device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged explanatory view of a part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 indicates a carbon dioxide recovery device. The carbon dioxide recovery device 1 collects carbon dioxide discharged from the cogeneration device 10 and supplies it to a plant cultivation facility (hereinafter referred to as “house”) 2 formed of a greenhouse or the like. Configured to supply. The house 2 is a facility for cultivating plants such as vegetables.

  For convenience of understanding, first, the cogeneration apparatus 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. The cogeneration apparatus 10 is connected to an AC power from a commercial power source (commercial power system) 12 to an electrical load 14 (for example, a lighting fixture in the house 2). A generator (alternator) 20 that can be connected to the power supply path 16, an internal combustion engine (hereinafter referred to as “engine”) 22 that drives the generator 20, a heat exchanger 24 that can exchange heat with cooling water of the engine 22, and the like. Prepare. The generator 20 and the engine 22 are integrated and housed in the case 28. The commercial power source 12 outputs AC power of 50 Hz or 60 Hz at 100/200 V AC from a single-phase three-wire.

  The engine 22 is a water-cooled four-cycle single-cylinder OHV type spark ignition engine that uses city gas or LP gas (hereinafter simply referred to as “gas”) as a fuel, and has a displacement of, for example, 163 cc. The cylinder head of the engine 22 and the cylinder block 22a are arranged in a horizontal direction (lateral direction) with respect to the case 28, and one piston is arranged in the inside thereof so as to be able to reciprocate.

  The supplied air (intake air) enters the mixer 34 through the intake silencer 30 and the air cleaner 32 and is mixed with gas supplied from a fuel supply source (not shown) via the gas proportional valve unit 36.

  The air-fuel mixture generated by the mixer 34 flows into a combustion chamber (not shown) formed in the lower part of the cylinder block 22a when an intake valve (not shown) is opened, and is ignited by a spark plug 22b. When the output of a battery (not shown) is supplied via an ignition device 22c made up of a power transistor, an ignition coil, or the like, the spark plug 22b generates a spark discharge between the electrodes facing the combustion chamber, and ignites and burns the air-fuel mixture. .

  When the exhaust valve (not shown) is opened, the exhaust gas (exhaust) generated by the combustion flows to the exhaust heat exchanger 22d, where it is heat exchanged with the cooling water of the engine 22, and then the exhaust pipe 38 and the exhaust chamber. It passes through the (muffler) 40 and is discharged out of the case 28 (outside of the cabinet).

  As shown in FIG. 3, the exhaust chamber 40 protrudes alternately from the wall surface so that the plates 40a face each other and forms a labyrinth, and a liquid pool 40b is formed so that liquid (moisture) in the exhaust gas is trapped as much as possible. As described later, it is configured to be discharged out of the system.

  A catalyst device 22d1 is integrally disposed in the exhaust heat exchanger 22d, and is configured to remove harmful components in the exhaust gas. As the catalyst device 22d1, a device having a characteristic of removing harmful components is selected and used.

  An oil tank (oil pan) 22f is formed in the lower part of the cylinder block 22a of the engine 22, and engine oil (lubricating oil) of the engine 22 is stored therein.

  The generator 20 includes a multipole coil, is fixed on a crankcase inside a flywheel (not shown) attached to the upper end of the crankshaft, and generates AC power when rotating relative to the flywheel. . The generator 20 also functions as a starter motor that cranks the engine 22 when energized from the commercial power supply 12 (or a battery (not shown)).

  The output of the generator 20 is sent to the inverter unit 42 where it is converted to AC100 / 200V (single phase).

  The inverter unit 42 is boosted by a three-phase bridge circuit 42a that rectifies the alternating current output from the generator 20 to direct current, and a booster circuit 42b that boosts the direct current rectified by the three-phase bridge circuit 42a to a predetermined voltage value. The inverter (INV) bridge circuit 42c that converts the direct current into alternating current, the CPU 42d that controls the operation of the inverter unit 42, the power supply unit 42e, and the output destination of the inverter bridge circuit 42c are the commercial power supply 12 and the power generation output during a power failure ( A switch 42f for switching between the power outlet 46 and a voltage sensor 42g for detecting a voltage between the inverter bridge circuit 42c and the switch 42f.

  Switching of the switch 42f is performed by an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 44 that controls the operation of the cogeneration apparatus 10. The ECU 44 includes a microcomputer having a CPU, ROM, RAM, I / O, counter, indicator, and the like.

  The output from the inverter unit 42 is sent to the switchboard 48. The distribution board 48 includes a main circuit breaker 48a for preventing overcurrent and the like, a distribution board 48b for adding the power of the commercial power supply 12 to the output of the inverter unit 42 (connected to the electric load 14), and a dedicated distribution board 48b. A breaker 48c and a current sensor 48d that is arranged in the power supply path 16 from the commercial power supply 12 to the main breaker 48a and outputs a signal corresponding to the current of the AC power flowing therethrough are provided.

  The heat exchanger 24 heats up the medium (water or the like) flowing through the heat source 50 of the house 2 with the cooling water (antifreeze) of the engine 22 flowing through the circulation path 52 on the cogeneration apparatus 10 side, and raises the temperature. Specifically, the heat source 50 and the circulation path 52 approach locally to form the heat exchanger 24, and the cooling water is cooled by transferring heat to the heat source 50 of the house 2 in the heat exchanger 24.

  The circulation path 52 connects the engine 22 and the heat exchanger 24, one end is connected to the coolant outlet 22 h of the engine 22, and the other end is connected to the coolant inlet 22 i of the engine 22. Therefore, the cooling water heated through the cylinder block 22a of the engine 22 flows through the circulation path 52 and is heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger 24, and then returned to the engine 22 again. The circulation path 52 is provided with a pump 52a for circulating the cooling water.

  The output of the voltage sensor 42g and the like described above is sent to the ECU 44. The ECU 44 controls the operation of the generator 20 and the engine 22 based on the input sensor output, and also controls the operation of the carbon dioxide recovery device 1 as will be described later. To do.

  Next, the configuration of the carbon dioxide recovery device 1 will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in the figure, the carbon dioxide recovery device 1 is used in a house 2 that cultivates plants such as vegetables by recovering carbon dioxide contained in exhaust gas discharged from the engine 22 that drives the generator 20 of the cogeneration device 10 described above. It is configured to supply, and includes two adsorption tanks 60 a and 60 b (collectively referred to as “adsorption tank 60”) and one storage tank 62.

  More specifically, the exhaust chamber 40 of the engine 22 is connected to the adsorption tank 60 via the first conduit 64 (and its branch pipe 64a), and the adsorption tank 60 connects the second conduit 66 (and its branch pipe 66a). The storage tank 62 is connected to the house 2 via the third conduit 70. The exhaust gas or carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas is supplied from the exhaust chamber 40 of the engine 22 to the house 2 through the first conduit 64, the adsorption tank 60, the second conduit 66, the storage tank 62, and the third conduit 70.

  Thus, the adsorption tank 60, more specifically, the adsorption tanks 60 a and 60 b are arranged downstream in the flow of exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust chamber 40 of the engine 22, and the storage tank 62 is arranged further downstream of the adsorption tank 60. Is done.

  Although the illustration of the adsorption tank 60 is omitted, the internal space is divided into a number of small chambers by shelves, and the exhaust gas flows therethrough, and each of the chambers has an adsorbent (hereinafter referred to as “first adsorbent”). 72 is accommodated.

  The first adsorbent 72 is formed by pelletizing a clay (trade name), and is accommodated in a net or the like for each predetermined number of pellets or weight, and is disposed in each chamber.

  The internal space of the storage tank 62 is also divided into a number of small chambers by shelves, and the desorbed carbon dioxide flows therethrough, and an adsorbent (hereinafter referred to as “second adsorbent”) 74 is provided in each of the chambers. Configured to be contained. The second adsorbent 74 is also formed by pelletizing Hassley (trade name), and is accommodated in a net or the like for each predetermined number of pellets or weight, and is disposed in each chamber. The first adsorbent 72 and the second adsorbent 74 may be anything as long as they can sufficiently adsorb carbon dioxide in response to a pressure change.

  A first three-way valve 76, a dehumidification tank (moisture removing means) 78, a first compressor 80, a second three-way valve 82, and a first drying are flowed into the first conduit 64 (and its branch pipe 64a) from the upstream side in the flow of exhaust gas. The first drying section 84 is connected to the upstream side of the dehumidification tank 78 by a bypass pipe (moisture removing means) 92 while the section 84 and the first and second on-off valves 86 and 90 are disposed. A third on-off valve 94 is disposed in the bypass pipe 92.

  In the second conduit 66 (and its branch pipe 66a), fourth and fifth on-off valves 96 and 100, a buffer tank 102, a second compressor 104, and a second drying unit 106 are arranged from the upstream side in the exhaust gas flow. . The second conduit 66 and its branch pipe 66a are opened via first and second relief valves (check valves) 110 and 112 on the upstream side of the fourth and fifth on-off valves 96 and 100, respectively.

  A sixth open / close valve 114 is disposed in the third conduit 70, and the downstream side of the storage tank 62 is upstream of the sixth open / close valve 114, and the adsorption tank 60 is connected via the second and third bypass pipes 116 and 120. Connected upstream. Seventh and eighth on-off valves 122 and 124 are disposed in the second and third bypass pipes 116 and 120, respectively.

  The first and second three-way valves 76 and 82 are electromagnetic control valves, which operate in accordance with a command from the ECU 44 and flow exhaust gas flowing from the upstream to either the downstream side or the atmosphere, or introduce the atmosphere downstream. Configured to flow. By disposing the second three-way valve 82 downstream of the first compressor 80, the exhaust gas containing moisture can be discharged to the atmosphere without passing through the first drying unit 84. .

  The first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth on-off valves 86, 90, 94, 96, 100, 114, 122, and 124 are also electromagnetic control valves, and are commanded by the ECU 44. The exhaust gas flowing from the upstream by operating according to the flow is configured to flow / do not flow downstream.

Similarly to the adsorption tank 60 and the storage tank 62, the dehumidification tank 78 is divided into a large number of small chambers by shelves, and the exhaust gas flows therethrough, and each chamber is dried with silica gel (trade name ) or the like. An agent is accommodated and configured to be dehumidified when exhaust gas passes through.

  The first and second compressors 80 and 104 are driven by being supplied with the output of the generator 20 of the cogeneration apparatus 10, more specifically with the output of the generator 20 generated by the inverter unit 42, and supplied from upstream. The exhaust gas is compressed and discharged downstream. As a result, the first and second compressors 80 and 104 are configured to operate while being supplied with stable power regardless of the load of the engine 22 of the cogeneration apparatus 10.

  The first and second drying sections 84 and 106 have a mat-like glass fiber impregnated with a mixture of various fillers and a curing initiator in an unsaturated polyester resin, and a drying agent such as silica gel. Is arranged so that the exhaust gas passes through the sheet and is dehumidified.

  The buffer tank 102 disposed in the second conduit 66 is for preventing an excessive negative pressure on the upstream side when the second compressor 104 is operated, and is provided with a filter, a maze, and the like. In the unlikely event that the first adsorbent 72 is damaged, the fragments are prevented from being sucked into the second compressor 104, and the suction side pressure of the second compressor 104 is prevented from becoming an excessively negative pressure. .

  The first and second relief valves 110 and 112 disposed in the second conduit 66 and the branch pipe 66a will be described. The first and second relief valves 110 and 112 further branch from the second conduit 66 and the branch pipe 66a. The second branch pipes 661 and 66a1 are arranged.

  In the second branch pipe 661, a venturi portion (moisture removing means) 6611 is formed between the arrangement position of the first relief valve 110 and the tip (open end) 6610. As shown in FIG. 3, the venturi portion 6611 is connected to the liquid reservoir 40b of the exhaust chamber 40 through a pipe 6612 and an on-off valve 6613 disposed therein. Note that the on-off valve 6613 may be removed.

  Thereby, when the pressure of the exhaust gas filled in the adsorption tank 60a exceeds the set pressure of the relief valve 110, a part of the exhaust gas pushes the relief valve 110 open and flows into the venturi portion 6611. In the venturi portion 6611, the water trapped in the liquid reservoir 40b is sucked by the negative pressure generated by the increase in the flow velocity, and discharged from the tip 6610 of the second branch pipe 661 to the atmosphere.

As shown in FIG. 1, the second branch pipe 66 a 1 of the branch pipe 66 a is configured to be connected to the engine 22. That is, when the pressure of the exhaust gas filled in the adsorption tank 60 b exceeds the set pressure of the relief valve 112, part of the exhaust gas pushes the relief valve 112 open and flows through the second branch pipe 66 a 1, and the intake silencer 30 of the engine 22. Alternatively, it is supplied to the exhaust port downstream of the exhaust valve of the combustion chamber as EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation), more specifically, as external EGR or internal EGR (Air Injection), and is configured to increase energy efficiency. In addition, it is good also as a structure provided with a venturi part in the 2nd branch pipe 66a1 similarly to the branch pipe 66a.

  Further, a dehumidifier (moisture removing means) 130 is disposed between the cogeneration apparatus 10 and the house 2. The dehumidifier 130 has a structure similar to that of the first and second drying units 84 and 106, and includes a sheet mixed with a desiccant such as silica gel, and air containing moisture in the house 2 flows through the sheet to dehumidify. The dehumidified air is configured to return to the house 2 again.

  In the dehumidifier 130, the desiccant after dehumidification is regenerated by heat exchange with heated cooling water or exhaust gas from the engine 22. Further, as described above, the temperature of the medium (water or the like) flowing through the heat source 50 of the house 2 is raised by exchanging heat with the cooling water of the engine 22 flowing through the circulation path 52 on the commercial power supply 12 side.

  As described above, the carbon dioxide recovery device 1 according to this embodiment includes the cogeneration device 10 and uses the electric power and exhaust heat generated therein for the electrical load (lighting fixture) 14 of the house 2, the heat source 50, and the like. Since it is configured to be used as a power source for the first and second compressors 80 and 104 of the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus 1, energy efficiency can be improved.

  Further, since the adsorbents 72 and 74 are used to adsorb and store the carbon dioxide in the adsorption tank 60 and the storage tank 62, the carbon dioxide can be efficiently removed from the exhaust gas without increasing the size of the adsorption tank 60 or the like. Can be recovered.

  Further, the first compressor 80 is operated to pump the exhaust gas discharged from the engine 22 to the adsorption tank 60 so that the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas is adsorbed to the first adsorbent 72 and the second compressor 104 is operated. The pressure inside the adsorption tank 60 is reduced to desorb carbon dioxide from the first adsorbent 72, and the desorbed carbon dioxide is pumped to the storage tank 62 and adsorbed to the second adsorbent 74 for storage. Since it comprised so, a carbon dioxide can be collect | recovered more efficiently.

  Further, since the relief valves 110 and 112 are used for pressure management of the adsorption tank 60 and the storage tank 62, an excessive increase in tank internal pressure can be prevented with a simple configuration.

  In addition, since many moisture removing means such as the venturi unit 6611, the dehumidifying tank 78, the first and second drying units 84 and 106, the bypass pipe 92, and the dehumidifier 130 are provided, the moisture contained in the exhaust gas is efficiently removed. In addition, it is possible to prevent the adsorbents 72 and 74 from deteriorating and to prevent the adsorption of moisture contained in the exhaust gas, thereby avoiding a decrease in the adsorption capacity of carbon dioxide and increasing the adsorption efficiency.

  Next, the operation of the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus 1 will be described with reference to the sequence diagram of FIG. Specifically, this operation is performed by the ECU 44 of the cogeneration apparatus 10.

  In the following, SEQ. Reference numeral 1 denotes a start mode (operation mode at start-up) of the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus 1, which is a mode for switching to the normal operation mode after adjusting the pressure balance between the adsorption tank 60 and the storage tank 62 at start-up. During this time, since the exhaust gas from the engine 22 is discharged outside the system, the first three-way valve 76 is operated so as to release the exhaust gas to the atmosphere, and the first compressor 80 is turned off (off, stopped).

  On the other hand, the second three-way valve 82 is operated to introduce the atmosphere, the third on-off valve 94 is closed (CLOSE), the first on-off valve 86 is opened (opened), and the fourth on-off valve 96 is opened (open). The second on-off valve 90 is CLOSEd, the fifth on-off valve 100 is CLOSEd, and the power of the generator 20 is supplied to turn on the second compressor 104.

  At the same time, the seventh open / close valve 122 is closed (CLOSE), the eighth open / close valve 124 is opened (OPEN), and the sixth open / close valve 114 is closed (closed) to dehumidify the air introduced by the first drying unit 84. Then, it is introduced into the adsorption tank 60, more specifically, the adsorption tank 60a that is scheduled to be adsorbed next, and then the storage tank 62 and the adsorption tank 60, more specifically, by the second compressor 104. Next, it is pumped to the adsorption tank 60b where scavenging is scheduled.

  Thus, SEQ. In the first start mode, a process of balancing the internal pressures of the adsorption tank 60 and the storage tank 62 is performed. That is, the pressure inside the adsorption tank 60a scheduled for the next adsorption is set to atmospheric pressure, and the pressure inside the storage tank 62 and the adsorption tank 60b scheduled for the next scavenging is set below the atmospheric pressure. A process of increasing the pressure of the relief valve 112 that is higher by the first predetermined value, for example, about 0.7 MPa, is performed.

  SEQ. 2 to SEQ. 5 is a normal operation mode, and SEQ. Adsorption and desorption (scavenging and desorption) are performed by executing 2, 3, and 4, 5 in pairs. The normal operation mode is SEQ. 5 and SEQ. Returning to 2, the process is repeatedly executed.

  SEQ. 2 to SEQ. 5, the first three-way valve 76 is operated so as to flow the exhaust gas to the downstream dehumidification tank 78, the electric power of the generator 20 is supplied to turn on the first compressor 80, and the second three-way valve 82. And the third on-off valve 94 is closed to close the exhaust gas to the downstream adsorption tank 60a or 60b. Further, the second compressor 104 is turned on, and the sixth on-off valve 114 is closed.

  SEQ. 2, SEQ. 3, the first on-off valve 86 is opened (OPEN), the fourth on-off valve 96 is closed (CLOSE), and the second on-off valve 90 is closed (closed), so that the first drying unit 84 is closed. The exhaust gas from which moisture has been removed by, for example, is pumped by the first compressor 80 and supplied to the adsorption tank 60 a and is adsorbed by the first adsorbent 72.

  That is, the internal pressure of the adsorption tank 60a is increased to a set pressure of the relief valve 110 that is higher than the atmospheric pressure by a first predetermined value, for example, about 0.7 MPa, and carbon dioxide is supplied under the pressure to the first adsorbent 72. Adsorb to. At this time, since the exhaust gas is continuously supplied, the carbon dioxide partial pressure in the adsorption tank 60a is not reduced by the adsorption, so that the carbon dioxide can be recovered with high efficiency.

  SEQ. 2, the fifth on-off valve 100 is further closed (CLOSE), the seventh on-off valve 122 is closed (CLOSE), and the eighth on-off valve 124 is opened (opened). As a result, the pressure inside the storage tank 62 and the adsorption tank 60b is pressurized by the second compressor 104, and when the set pressure of the relief valve 112 is exceeded, part of the exhaust gas inside the adsorption tank 60b is discharged from the relief valve 112. Therefore, the inside of the adsorption tank 60b is scavenged. That is, since harmful components in the exhaust gas are also mixed during adsorption, the internal exhaust gas is scavenged in order to reduce the concentration of the harmful components.

  On the other hand, SEQ. 3, SEQ. On the other hand, the fifth on-off valve 100 is opened (opened) for the adsorption tank 60b, and the seventh on-off valve 122 and the eighth on-off valve 124 are closed (closed).

  As a result, the pressure inside the adsorption tank 60b is reduced by the second compressor 104, and the pressure inside the storage tank 62 is increased, and the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the first adsorbent 72 in the adsorption tank 60b. Is desorbed. The desorbed carbon dioxide is dehumidified by the second drying unit 106 and then pumped to the storage tank 62 by the second compressor 104 and is adsorbed and stored in the second adsorbent 74 of the storage tank 62.

  More specifically, the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the first adsorbent 72 is desorbed by reducing the pressure inside the adsorption tank 60b to below atmospheric pressure by the second compressor 104.

  Further, the internal pressure of the storage tank 62 is desorbed by the second compressor 104 because it is higher than the set pressure of the relief valve 112 by the previous scavenging process, that is, a first predetermined value higher than the atmospheric pressure. When the carbon dioxide is supplied, the pressure further rises and is pressurized to a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure by a second predetermined value, for example, about 1.0 MPa.

  Thus, the second predetermined value is larger than the first predetermined value, that is, the pressure at the time of storage in the storage tank 62 is increased to a pressure higher than the pressure at the time of adsorption in the adsorption tank 60. The desorbed carbon dioxide can be reliably stored in the storage tank 62. It is desirable that the second adsorbent 74 in the storage tank 62 be accommodated sufficiently more than the first adsorbent 72 in the adsorption tank 60.

  SEQ. Nos. 4 and 5 are processes performed by replacing the adsorption tanks 60a and 60b. The desorption (scavenging and desorption) is performed in the adsorption tank 60a, and the adsorption is performed in the adsorption tank 60b. Since it is the same as 2 and 3, detailed description is omitted.

  SEQ. Reference numeral 6 denotes a release mode for releasing (supplying) the stored carbon dioxide to the house 2, turning off the second compressor 104, and the fourth on-off valve 96, the fifth on-off valve 100, and the seventh on-off valve. 122, the eighth on-off valve 124 is closed (CLOSE), and the sixth on-off valve 114 is opened (opened). Thereby, the carbon dioxide adsorbed and stored in the storage tank 62 by the second adsorbent 74 flows into the house 2 as it is.

  At this time, since the carbon dioxide in the storage tank 62 is stored at a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure by a second predetermined value, it is easily supplied to the house 2 simply by opening the sixth on-off valve 114. be able to. Moreover, by providing an appropriate guide pipe, it can be pinpointed to a desired plant in the plant group of the house 2.

  SEQ. Reference numeral 7 denotes a dehumidification mode for removing moisture from the entire carbon dioxide recovery device 1. The first compressor 80 is turned on and the second compressor 104 is turned off. The three-way valves 76 and 82 are operated so as to release the exhaust gas from the upstream to the atmosphere, and all the on-off valves except the sixth on-off valve 114, that is, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, The seventh and eighth on-off valves 86, 90, 94, 96, 100, 122, 124 are opened (opened).

  As a result, the entire carbon dioxide recovery device 1 is decompressed by the first compressor 80, and the residual gas containing moisture and the adsorbed components desorbed by the decompression are released to the atmosphere via the second three-way valve 82. The entire device is dehumidified. Since the supply of carbon dioxide to the house 2 is required in the time zone from sunrise to morning, the dehumidification mode is executed periodically (or irregularly) in other time zones.

As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine (engine) 22 that drives the generator 20 of the cogeneration apparatus 10 is recovered to obtain a plant cultivation facility (house). ) 2 in the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus 1 provided with the recovery means for supplying to the exhaust gas (first, second and third conduits 64, 66, 70) of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine (engine) 22. The adsorbing tank 60 (60a, 60b) in which the first adsorbent 72 is accommodated and the adsorbing tank 60, and the adsorbing tank 60 is disposed in the downstream. a reservoir tank 62 which agent 74 is accommodated, is arranged downstream of the suction tank 60, one end of which is connected to the suction tank 60, the open end 6610 is formed at the other end (tip), A branch pipe (second branch pipe) 661, a pressure of exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 22 in the interior of the suction tank 60 is large with a relief valve 110 for adjusting the pressure inside the serial adsorption tank 60 the contained the exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine (engine) 22 to the exhaust gas is pumped into the suction tank 60 so that the first predetermined value by a pressure set by the relief valve 110, 112 than pressure Carbon dioxide adsorbing means (ECU 44, SEQ. 2, 3, 4, 5) for adsorbing carbon dioxide on the first adsorbent 72, and reducing the pressure inside the adsorption tank 60, the adsorbed carbon dioxide is removed. A diacid that is desorbed from the first adsorbent 72 and pumps the desorbed carbon dioxide to the storage tank 62 to be adsorbed by the second adsorbent 74 and stored. Carbon storage means (ECU 44, SEQ.3,5) from the said storage tank 62 the plant cultivation facilities storing carbon dioxide in (house) carbon dioxide supply means for supplying 2 to (ECU 44, SEQ.6) and The internal combustion engine (engine) 22 has an exhaust chamber 40 that collects moisture in the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas discharge path, and the branch pipe 661 is connected to the relief valve 110 and the open end 6610. The venturi section 6611 has a venturi section 6611 in the middle, and the open end 6610 is configured such that moisture collected in the exhaust chamber 40 is sucked by the exhaust gas flowing from the adsorption tank 60 through the relief valve 110. to be released from, since it is configured as Ru is connected to the exhaust chamber 40, it is possible to increase the energy efficiency, the By adsorbing and storing carbon dioxide using the first and second adsorbents 72 and 74, carbon dioxide can be efficiently recovered without increasing the size of the apparatus.

  The first compressor 80 disposed upstream of the adsorption tank 60 in the flow of exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine (engine) 22, and the upstream side of the storage tank 62 on the downstream side of the adsorption tank 60 The carbon dioxide adsorbing means operates the first compressor 80 to pump exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine (engine) 22 to the adsorption tank 60. The carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the first adsorbent 72, and the carbon dioxide storage means operates the second compressor 104 to reduce the pressure inside the adsorption tank 60 and Carbon dioxide is desorbed from the first adsorbent 72, and the desorbed carbon dioxide is pumped to the storage tank 62 and adsorbed to the second adsorbent 74 for storage. In addition to the effects mentioned above, the carbon dioxide can be efficiently recovered from the exhaust gas with a simple configuration.

  The carbon dioxide storage means operates the second compressor 104 to pump the desorbed carbon dioxide to the storage tank so that the internal pressure of the storage tank is a second predetermined value above the atmospheric pressure. Since the desorbed carbon dioxide is adsorbed by the second adsorbent 74 and stored, the pressure is increased to a pressure as high as possible. It can be easily supplied without the need for pressure means, air blowing means, etc., and by providing a guide pipe or the like, it can pin a target plant among various plant groups of the plant cultivation facility (house) 2 Can be supplied in points.

  A plurality of adsorption tanks 60 (60a, 60b) are provided, and the carbon dioxide adsorption means and the carbon dioxide storage means operate the first and second compressors 80, 104 to operate the plurality of adsorption tanks. Since the tanks 60a and 60b are configured to alternately perform adsorption and desorption of the carbon dioxide, in addition to the above-described effects, the carbon dioxide can be more efficiently recovered from the exhaust gas with a simple configuration.

  In addition to the above-described effects, the apparatus is provided with a water removing means (venturi section 6611, dehumidifying tank 78, SEQ. 7) for removing water in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine (engine) 22. It is possible to prevent deterioration of the agents 72 and 74 or a decrease in adsorption efficiency.

  In the above, the drive source of the generator 20 is configured to be a gas engine using gas as fuel, but it may be an engine using gasoline fuel or the like. Typical values are also illustrative and are not limited.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Carbon dioxide collection device, 2 House (plant cultivation facility), 10 Cogeneration device, 14 Electric load, 20 Generator, 22 Engine (internal combustion engine), 44 ECU (electronic control unit. Carbon dioxide adsorption means, Carbon dioxide storage means , Carbon dioxide supply means), 60 adsorption tank, 62 storage tank, 64, 66, 70 first, second, third conduit, 6611 venturi (moisture removal means), 72, 74 adsorbent, 76, 82 three-way valve 78 Dehumidification tank (moisture removal means) 80, 104 Compressor 84, 106 Drying unit 86, 90, 94, 96, 100, 114, 122, 124 On-off valve, 92, 116, 120 Bypass pipe, 110, 112 relief valve, 130 dehumidifier (moisture removal means)

Claims (5)

In the carbon dioxide recovery device provided with the recovery means for recovering the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine that drives the generator of the cogeneration device and supplying it to the plant cultivation facility,
The recovery means comprises:
An adsorption tank disposed downstream in the flow of exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine, and containing a first adsorbent therein;
A storage tank disposed downstream of the adsorption tank and containing a second adsorbent therein;
A branch pipe disposed downstream of the adsorption tank, having one end connected to the adsorption tank, an open end formed at the other end, and a relief valve for adjusting the pressure inside the adsorption tank;
Wherein the exhaust gas pressure of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine inside is discharged from the internal combustion engine so that the first predetermined value by a pressure set by the relief valve than atmospheric pressure of the suction tank adsorption Carbon dioxide adsorption means for pumping to a tank and adsorbing carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas to the first adsorbent;
The pressure inside the adsorption tank is reduced to desorb the adsorbed carbon dioxide from the first adsorbent, and the desorbed carbon dioxide is pumped to the storage tank and adsorbed to the second adsorbent. Carbon dioxide storage means for storing
Ri Do from the carbon dioxide supply means for supplying carbon dioxide stored in the storage tank to the plant cultivation facilities,
The internal combustion engine has an exhaust chamber that collects moisture in the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas exhaust path,
The branch pipe has a venturi portion between the relief valve and the open end,
The venturi section, the as moisture trapped in the exhaust chamber by the exhaust gas flowing through the relief valve from the suction tank is discharged from the open end is sucked, Ru is connected to the exhaust chamber A carbon dioxide recovery device characterized by that.   A first compressor disposed upstream of the adsorption tank in a flow of exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine; and a second compressor disposed downstream of the adsorption tank and upstream of the storage tank. And the carbon dioxide adsorbing means operates the first compressor to pump the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine to the adsorption tank so as to adsorb carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas to the first adsorbent. The carbon dioxide storage means operates the second compressor to reduce the pressure inside the adsorption tank to desorb carbon dioxide from the first adsorbent, and remove the desorbed carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide recovery device is pumped to the storage tank and adsorbed to the second adsorbent for storage.   The carbon dioxide storage means operates the second compressor and pressure-feeds the desorbed carbon dioxide to the storage tank so that the pressure inside the storage tank is higher than the atmospheric pressure by a second predetermined value. The carbon dioxide recovery apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the carbon dioxide thus desorbed is adsorbed and stored in the second adsorbent.   A plurality of the adsorption tanks are provided, and the carbon dioxide adsorption means and the carbon dioxide storage means operate the first and second compressors to adsorb and desorb the carbon dioxide in the plurality of adsorption tanks. The carbon dioxide recovery apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the processes are alternately performed.   The carbon dioxide recovery apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a water removing unit that removes water in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine.

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