JP6247699B2 - 熱検出システム - Google Patents
熱検出システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6247699B2 JP6247699B2 JP2015545070A JP2015545070A JP6247699B2 JP 6247699 B2 JP6247699 B2 JP 6247699B2 JP 2015545070 A JP2015545070 A JP 2015545070A JP 2015545070 A JP2015545070 A JP 2015545070A JP 6247699 B2 JP6247699 B2 JP 6247699B2
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- refractory brick
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- gasifier
- temperature
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 145
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011468 face brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical class [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003476 subbituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/14—Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
- C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
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- C10K1/02—Dust removal
- C10K1/024—Dust removal by filtration
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/22—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
- C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0943—Coke
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
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- C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
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- C10J2300/0973—Water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
- C10J2300/1612—CO2-separation and sequestration, i.e. long time storage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
- C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
- C10J2300/165—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a gas turbine or gas motor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
- C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
- C10J2300/1653—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated in a gasification combined cycle [IGCC]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
- C10J2300/1675—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity making use of a steam turbine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
- C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
- C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
- C10K3/04—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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Description
本出願は、35U.S.C.§119(e)に従って、2012年11月30日に出願された米国仮出願第61/731,927号に基づく優先権を主張する。本出願は、当該米国仮出願に記載された全ての内容を援用する。
本開示は、高温及び腐食環境にさらされる熱センサの物理的保護に関する。
合成ガス製造施設内のスラッギングガス化器において、温度調節を制御するため、スラッギングガス化器内の第一段位置での温度を測定するのに、熱センサを使用することができる。スラッギングガス化器内の温度を制御することにより、固体供給合成ガス変換を最適化でき、耐火物摩耗率や、スラッギングガス化器に関連するメンテナンスコストを減らすことができる。スラッギングガス化器内の温度測定には現在の熱センサが有効であることが証明されているものの、その使用に制限がない。そこで、必要とされるのは、温度を正確に測定し、スラグを蓄積せず、その周囲との物理的接触に耐え、現在の温度測定装置より耐用年数が長い装置である。
本開示の教示は、二段式スラッギングガス化器用の温度測定システムを含むことができる。第一段ガス化器領域では、第一段ガス化器容積を第一段ガス化器の耐火壁によって画定することができる。第二段ガス化器は、第二段ガス化器容積を画定する第二段ガス化器耐火壁を有することができる。突出耐火煉瓦は、第一段耐火壁の通常の内側の壁面を越えて突出し、第一段ガス化器容積に向かって中へと突き出てよい。温度検出先端を有する温度センサはこの突出耐火煉瓦の内部にあってよいが、突出耐火煉瓦を完全には通り抜けない。
図1〜8を参照し、図1から始めると、発明の特徴及び概念が表されている。しかしながら、本発明は図1〜8に記載又は図示される実施形態に限定されない。図1は、二段式ガス化器12を備える合成ガス製造施設10を示す。二段式ガス化器12のための供給調製においては、瀝青炭及び亜瀝青炭等の低コスト原料、又は石油コークスを、粉砕−混合機14で砕いて水と混合し、揚送可能なスラリーを形成する。このスラリーは、スラリー槽18からポンプ16によってくみ上げられ、酸素プラント22からの酸素20とともに、二段式ガス化器12に送り込まれる。二段式ガス化器12内ではガス化が起こり、スラリー26と酸素20が、二段式ガス化器12内の第一段ガス化器領域24内で酸素と容易に反応し、水素、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素及びメタンを形成する。ガス化中、二段式ガス化器12内部の第一段ガス化器領域24は、全ての原料の完全な変換を保証するよう、高温(例えば、カ氏2,600〜2,700度)になるまで昇温される。水平な第一段ガス化器領域24からの合成ガスは、最終的には、垂直な第二段ガス化器領域28に入る。第二段ガス化器領域28に入る前に、付加的なスラリー26が、二段式ガス化器12の喉状通路30等において、第一段ガス化器領域24と第二段ガス化器領域28の間を通るガスに加えられる。第二段ガス化器領域28内部で行われるプロセスは、効率を高め、酸素の消費を削減する。石炭から出る無機材料は、粗砂に似たガラス状の母材中に捕捉される。この砂状の材料はスラグと呼ばれ、不活性で、建築業界等で幅広く用いられる。通常は、ガス化プロセスから灰の廃棄物は生じない。
Claims (19)
- 耐火壁と、
前記耐火壁の完全に内側に存在する、温度検出先端端部を備えた熱センサと、
前記耐火壁の一部として突出耐火煉瓦と
を備え、前記突出耐火煉瓦が端壁を形成するブラインドホールにおいて前記突出耐火煉瓦が前記温度検出先端を取り囲む、ガス化器用の温度測定システム。 - 前記突出耐火煉瓦が、前記熱センサの先端端部を完全に取り囲み、前記ガス化器の流体流れ中に存在する、請求項1に記載の温度測定システム。
- 前記ガス化器の前記流体流れの中へと面する、突出耐火煉瓦の第1の面をさらに備える、請求項2に記載の温度測定システム。
- 前記突出耐火煉瓦の第1の面が、概して、前記流体流れに対し上流に向かって向けられている、請求項3に記載の温度測定システム。
- 前記突出耐火煉瓦の第1の面が、概して、前記流体流れの全般的な流路に対し90度ではない角度を向いている、請求項4に記載の温度測定システム。
- 前記突出耐火煉瓦が、第一段ガス化器領域の境界を形成する第2の耐火煉瓦に接する、突出耐火煉瓦の第2の面をさらに備える、請求項5に記載の温度測定システム。
- 第一段ガス化器領域の境界を形成する第3の耐火煉瓦と接する、突出耐火煉瓦の第3の面をさらに備える、請求項6に記載の温度測定システム。
- 前記ガス化器の前記流体流れに概して平行な、突出耐火煉瓦の第4の面をさらに備える、請求項7に記載の温度測定システム。
- 前記突出耐火煉瓦の第1の面が、前記第2の耐火煉瓦に接する第1の縁を有し、前記突出耐火煉瓦の第1の面が、前記突出耐火煉瓦の第4の面と第2の縁を共有する、請求項8に記載の温度測定システム。
- 第一段ガス化器容積を画定する第一段耐火壁を有する第一段ガス化器と、
第二段ガス化器容積を画定する第二段耐火壁を有する第二段ガス化器と、
前記第一段耐火壁から、前記第一段ガス化器容積の方へ突き出る、突出耐火煉瓦と、
前記突出耐火煉瓦が端壁を形成するブラインドホールにおいて前記突出耐火煉瓦内に存在する温度検出先端を有する温度センサと、を備える、ガス化器用の温度測定システム。 - 前記第一段耐火壁をともに形成する複数の煉瓦層をさらに備え、前記温度センサが、前記突出耐火煉瓦以外、前記複数の煉瓦層を完全に通り抜けて存在する、請求項10に記載の温度測定システム。
- 前記突出耐火煉瓦が、前記複数の煉瓦層から、前記第一段ガス化器容積の中へと突き出る、請求項11に記載の温度測定システム。
- 前記突出耐火煉瓦が、
前記第一段ガス化器容積を通る流体流れの全般的な流路に対し90度でない角度を形成する、突出耐火煉瓦の第1の面をさらに備える、請求項12に記載の温度測定システム。 - 前記突出耐火煉瓦の第1の面が、前記第一段ガス化器容積を通る流体流れの全般的な流路に対し約45度の角度を形成する、請求項12に記載の温度測定システム。
- 前記突出耐火煉瓦の第1の面が、前記第一段ガス化器容積を通る流体流れの全般的な流路に対し約45度の角度を形成する、請求項14に記載の温度測定システム。
- 前記温度検出先端が、前記第一段ガス化器容積を通る流体流れの全般的な流路の中に突き出る、前記突出耐火煉瓦の一部に存在する、請求項15に記載の温度測定システム。
- 前記突出耐火煉瓦が、前記温度センサの前記温度検出先端が内部に存在するブラインドホールを画定する、請求項16に記載の温度測定システム。
- 第一段ガス化器容積を画定する第一段耐火壁を有する第一段ガス化器と、
第二段ガス化器容積を画定する第二段耐火壁を有する第二段ガス化器と、
温度検出先端を有する温度センサと、
前記第一段耐火壁から前記第一段ガス化器容積の方へ突き出る、突出耐火煉瓦と、を備え、
前記突出耐火煉瓦が、前記突出耐火煉瓦が端壁を形成し前記温度センサの前記温度検出先端が内部に存在するブラインドホールを画定する、ガス化器用の温度測定システム。 - 前記温度センサを取り囲む保護金属スリーブをさらに備え、前記温度センサの前記温度検出先端が、前記第一段ガス化器容積を通る流体流れの全般的な流路の中に突き出る前記突出耐火煉瓦の一部に存在する、請求項18に記載の温度測定システム。
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