JP6241925B2 - Biohabitat formation structure, biohabitat formation method, and planting method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a structure for forming a biological habitat, in which a body whose surface is substantially occluded by a mesh member is filled with a filling material such as stones and a plurality of cylindrical members, and a structure for forming the biological habitat Related to a method for forming a habitat for living in the water or land, and a planting method using the structure for forming the habitat.

  In water areas such as rivers, lakes, and coasts, plant growth, vegetation diversity and Over time, complex and diverse environments are formed by transitions, animal burrows, feeding and excretion. Originally, various organisms have adapted to their environment, and have formed various ecosystems while using the shadows and depressions formed in the environment as a place to hide and hide.

  However, in recent years, the environment has been modified by riverbanks, coastal protection, revetment, dredging, development, deforestation, etc., and biological habitats and hideouts are disappearing. And in many biological species, a decrease in the number of individuals due to habitat loss has actually become apparent.

  On the other hand, attempts to restore and create living habitats have been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a fish reef block that is sunk on the seabed and forms a habitat for seafood.

Also, in civil engineering work, in addition to achieving the initial construction purpose, construction that takes into consideration the conservation of the ecosystem is now required, and technology that promotes the inhabiting and establishment of organisms in the construction area Has been proposed. For example, Patent Document 2 discloses an aquatic structure in which an aquatic organism structure is provided between a bank and a revetment wall provided on the coast of the water area, and a passage that connects the revetment wall and the aquatic organism habitat structure is formed. A revetment structure for biological habitat is disclosed in Patent Document 3 as a wire netting mat with a rough fence in which a rough wall panel is fixed to the wire netting mat. In addition, Patent Document 4 describes a retaining wall for slope protection and greening formed by laying one or more steps of a stone-clad structure overlaid with vegetation mats along the slope.
JP 2013-13357 JP 2000-212936 JP JP 2001-55716 A JP 2011-122403 A

  In order to restore and create a habitat for living organisms, it is necessary to reproduce an environment suitable for the ecology of the target organism. At that time, it is possible to form a biological habitat easily and inexpensively, and the target organism can actually be established and used effectively as a habitat, and can be maintained and managed easily and inexpensively after the formation of the biological habitat so that the growth environment does not deteriorate. Is desirable.

  In addition, for example, even when civil engineering works are taken into consideration for the conservation of ecosystems and the establishment of various organisms in the construction area is successful, the target organisms are effective at the location. It does not necessarily increase the number of individuals. In addition, it is difficult to maintain and manage the place simply and inexpensively after being used as a habitat so that the environment does not deteriorate.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide means that can form and maintain a habitat for organisms simply, inexpensively and effectively.

  The present invention relates to a structure for forming a biological habitat, in which a body whose surface is substantially occluded by a mesh member is filled with a gravel or a gravel-like filling material and a plurality of cylindrical members, and formation of the biological habitat A method for forming a biological habitat including a step of installing a structure for use in water or land, a step of installing the structure for forming the biological habitat in water or land, and filling the structure for forming a living organism And a step of inserting a plant into one or a plurality of the tubular members.

  This biological habitat formation structure can be composed of a skeleton formed by a net-like member, a filling material, and a cylindrical member. By installing the structure in a water area or land area, Form a habitat. Therefore, a biological habitat can be formed easily and inexpensively in water or land.

  In this living body habitat formation structure, a plurality of cylindrical members are filled in addition to the filling material in the enclosure formed by the mesh member. Therefore, for example, when this biological habitat formation structure is installed in a water area or a land area, the living body can effectively use the inner space of the cylindrical member as a stagnation place. Further, for example, against an attack by a natural enemy such as birds, the inner space of the cylindrical member can be effectively used as a hidden place. Therefore, it effectively functions as a habitat where the target organism can be established and used.

  In this biological habitat formation structure, a cylindrical member is filled in the casing in addition to the filling material. As a result, the proportion of space in the enclosure can be greatly improved, and air and water flow can be easily reached between the filling materials arranged at the center and bottom of the enclosure, so that the entire interior of the enclosure can be reached. In addition, it is possible to secure the air flow between the filling materials or to suppress the stagnation of the water flow. Therefore, ventilation in the enclosure can be promoted, and contamination and hypoxia can be suppressed, so that deterioration of the environment can be suppressed and an appropriate growth environment can be formed and maintained. In addition, this structure for forming a habitat can be lifted, partially moved, removed, or re-installed by a relatively simple method. Can be easily and inexpensively maintained and managed.

  In addition, for example, in addition to forming and maintaining the habitat of the target organism by inserting the plant into one or more of the cylindrical members filled in the structure for forming the organism habitat, Promote establishment and growth and regenerate and create complex and diverse ecosystems.

  According to the present invention, an aquatic habitat can be formed and maintained simply, inexpensively and effectively.

<About the structure for biological habitat formation according to the present invention>
The biological habitat formation structure according to the present invention has at least a structure in which a cadaver or a gravel-like filling material and a plurality of cylindrical members are filled in a casing whose entire surface is substantially blocked by a net-like member. Includes everything.

  Hereinafter, an example of a biological habitat forming structure according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a biological habitat formation structure according to the present invention. In addition, in FIG. 1, about the net-like member 11 which forms the housing 1, the part was typically shown collectively.

  The biological habitat formation structure A in FIG. 1 is installed on the installation surface W1 in the water W, and is in the form of stone gravel or stone gravel-like in the housing 1 whose entire surface is substantially blocked by the net member 11. A filling material 2 and a plurality of cylindrical members 3 and 3 are filled, and a flexible flooring 4 is laid under the housing 1. In addition, a hooked portion 5 used for lifting and moving the casing 1 is attached to the casing 1. In addition, this invention is not limited narrowly only when installing in the water W like FIG. 1, All the things installed in a water area or a land area are included.

  The casing 1 is a bowl-shaped portion for filling the filling material 2, the cylindrical member 3, and the like, and is formed by a net-like member 11 and is substantially closed.

  The assembly procedure of the housing 1 is not particularly limited. For example, the plurality of panel-like net members 11 constituting the bottom surface, each side surface, and the top surface are fastened with a string-like member as they are or while being bent. Can be formed.

  The net-like member 11 forming the housing 1 may be any member that can hold the filling material 2, the cylindrical member 3, etc. without escaping, and has a size that allows the target organism to pass through. For example, well-known materials such as those having a substantially rhombus shape or a substantially hexagonal shape can be widely used. The mesh size (mesh width) of the mesh member 11 can be set as appropriate depending on the target aquatic organism, purpose, use, etc. For example, when the main purpose is to form fish and natural eel habitats, 4.5 to 10.0 cm Is preferable, 5.0 to 8.0 cm is more preferable, and 5.0 to 7.0 cm is most preferable. By setting the mesh within this range, free passage of fish and natural eels is not hindered, and invasion of natural enemy birds such as cormorants, herons and scorpions can be prevented, so it is possible to hide and hide fish and natural eels. It functions effectively as a process. For example, when the main purpose is to form habitats for small animals such as rabbits and rats, 7.5 to 20.0 cm is preferable, 8.0 to 18.0 cm is more preferable, and 10.0 to 15.0 cm is most preferable. is there. By setting the scale within this range, the free passage of small animals is not hindered, and invasion of natural enemy birds such as eagle hawks can be prevented, thus effectively functioning as a trapping and hiding place for small animals.

  As for the thickness and material of the mesh member 11, well-known ones can be widely used and are not limited to a narrow one. As the material of the net-like member 11, for example, iron wire, copper wire, stainless steel wire, galvanized iron wire, a wire material coated with plastic such as vinyl, or a plastic wire can be widely used.

  In the present invention, the mesh member 11 can be made of a highly durable material.

  As a highly durable material, for example, a plastic wire, a wire covered with plastic, and the like are preferable, and for example, a polyester monofilament that is one of plastic wires is more preferable.

  Polyester monofilament is a thermoplastic engineering plastic produced using dicarboxylic acid and diol as main raw materials. Examples of the dicarboxylic acid component of the polyester include terephthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, isophthalic acid, and 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid. Examples of the diol component include ethylene glycol, butylene glycol, propylene glycol, Examples include tetramethylene glycol and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol. Polyester monofilaments synthesized by appropriately combining these dicarboxylic acid components and diol components can be used as appropriate. Of these, a polyester monofilament of polyethylene terephthalate in which 90 mol% or more of the dicarboxylic acid component is made of terephthalic acid and 90 mol% of the diol component is made of ethylene glycol is most preferable.

  Adopting highly durable materials such as polyester monofilaments are (1) highly durable and will not deteriorate even if installed in water or land for a long period of time. (2) High shape retention and wear resistance. In addition to reducing changes in the overall shape due to falling rocks, water flow, etc., for example, even when lifting with the filling material 12 filled, partial movement of the filling member, partial removal, re-installation, etc. (3) It is not sheared even when the weight of the filling material 12 is loaded. (4) Since it is bent appropriately by forming it in a mesh shape, for example, even when the installation surface is not flat, the installation surface There are advantages such as being able to install in response to changes in

  The filling material 2 is a member filled in the housing 1. As the filling material 12, it is a stone or gravel-like material that is larger than the mesh of the mesh member 11, has a weight that is at least submerged in water, and can be filled in the cage of the cage 1. Well, not particularly limited. For example, stones such as cobbles, cobblestones, boulders, gravels, concrete waste, etc. can be used alone or in combination.

  The cylindrical member 3 is a generally cylindrical / substantially tubular member that is hollow and open at both ends, in principle, and the inner space portion 31 thereof becomes a living place, a hiding place, a growing place, a fixing place, etc. As a flow path of air and water, it has a function of spreading oxygen and water flow throughout the structure A for forming a living habitat.

  The size of the cylindrical member 3 only needs to be larger than the mesh of the mesh member 11, and can be set as appropriate according to the target organism, purpose, use, etc., but the inner diameter d1 of the cylindrical member 3 is large enough to allow the target organism to pass through. It is preferable. For example, when the main purpose is to form habitats for small animals such as fish, natural eels, rabbits and mice, the inner diameter d1 of the tubular member 3 is preferably 10.0 to 30.0 cm, more preferably 12.0 to 27.0 cm. 15.0-25.0 cm is most preferred.

  About the length of the cylindrical member 3, it can set suitably according to a target organism, a purpose, a use, etc. A plurality of lengths may be filled in the housing 1. For example, both ends of the cylindrical member 3 can be positioned in the vicinity of one surface of the housing 1 and in the vicinity of the surface farthest from the surface, and the dimensions of the housing 1 Alternatively, the casing 1 may be filled together with a small short cylindrical member.

  As the material of the cylindrical member 3, known materials can be widely used, and are not particularly limited. However, a highly durable and high weight resistant member is preferable, and for example, a vinyl chloride tube or the like can be used. In addition, when the vinyl chloride pipe is adopted as the cylindrical member 3 when installed in the water area, the filling material 2 is placed on the cylindrical member 3 and filled in order to prevent the vinyl chloride pipe from rising due to buoyancy. The cylindrical member 3 is devised so that it can be fixed.

  The number of the cylindrical members 3 installed in the housing 1 can be appropriately designed according to the purpose and application, and is not particularly limited. For example, a plurality of filling materials 2 may be stacked in the casing 1, and the cylindrical member 3 may be disposed between the filling materials 2 of each layer.

  The direction and orientation when installing the cylindrical member 3 are not particularly limited. For example, it is easier for a living organism to use as a habitat if the inner space portion 31 is installed in a substantially horizontal direction, and the water area. When it is installed in the water, it is easy to take in the water flow throughout the housing. Further, when installed in the water area, the direction of the tubular member 3 is preferably arranged along the direction of the water flow because the water flow is easily taken into the housing 1. In addition, when installing in a place where the direction of water flow changes depending on the time zone, such as an intertidal zone, for example, the stacked first layer should be along the water flow at high tide, and the second layer should be water at low tide. Since the water flow in the housing 1 can be in the opposite direction at high tide and low tide, it can be recirculated in the housing 1 more efficiently.

  In the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of flow holes 32 may be formed in the wall surface of all or part of the cylindrical member 3. By forming a plurality of flow holes 32 in the wall surface of the cylindrical member 3, air and water flow can easily reach between the filling materials 2 arranged in the central portion R1 and the bottom portion R2 in the housing 1 as well. The stagnation of air and water flow between the filling materials 2 can be further suppressed over the entire interior of the housing 1. Therefore, since ventilation in the housing 1 can be promoted, or contamination and hypoxia can be suppressed, deterioration of the environment can be suppressed, and an appropriate growth environment can be formed and maintained.

  The size and interval of the flow holes 32 can be appropriately set and are not particularly limited. For example, preferably, the hole diameter d2 of the flow holes 32 is set to 1/5 to 1/25 of the inner diameter d1 of the tubular member 3, By setting the interval between the circulation holes 32 to 10 to 30 cm, more preferably, the hole diameter d2 of the circulation holes 32 is set to 1/10 to 1/20 of the inner diameter d1 of the cylindrical member 3, and the interval between the circulation holes 32 is set. By setting the length to 15 to 25 cm, it is possible to efficiently ventilate the entire casing 1 while maintaining the weight resistance of the cylindrical member, or to allow the water flow to reach.

  In the case where a plurality of flow holes 32 are formed on the wall surface of the cylindrical member 3, for example, when the long cylindrical member and the short cylindrical member are filled together in the casing 1 The long cylindrical member 3 mainly functions to make air and water flow reach the entire inside of the housing 1, and the short cylindrical member 3 mainly functions to form a hidden area against attacks by natural enemies. Therefore, with this configuration, it is possible to more efficiently form a biological habitat where the target organism can be established and used and an appropriate growth environment can be formed and maintained.

  In addition, this invention is not limited narrowly, when only the filling material 2 and the cylindrical member 3 are filled in the housing 1. For example, the present invention also includes a case where a member preferred by a living organism such as rough rice cake is filled together.

The flexible member 4 is a sheet-like member laid under the housing 1 and is installed in a state of being sandwiched between the housing 1 and the installation surface W1.

By laying the flexible member 4 between the housing 1 and the installation surface W1, the unevenness of the installation surface W1 can be alleviated, so that the stability of the biological habitat formation structure A at the time of installation can be improved. Moreover, since the erosion of the installation surface W1 can be prevented, the biological habitat formation structure A can be stably installed in the water area or the land area for a long period of time.

In addition, laying the flexible member 4 between the housing 1 and the installation surface W1 has an advantage that the maintenance and management after the formation of the biological habitat can be simplified and reduced in price. For example, when the mesh member 11 is formed of a highly durable material and the flexible covering material 4 is laid under the casing 1, the shape is maintained even when the casing 1 is lifted. The biological habitat formation structure A is slightly lifted with a heavy machine or the like using the latching portion 5, and a plurality of rod-shaped members are sequentially sandwiched between the formed housing 1 and the flexible member 4, thereby The structure A for habitat formation can be made to float slightly from the installation surface W1. When installed in a land area, for example, by supplying a water flow to the gap, and when installed in a place where there is a water flow such as a water area, this state is maintained for a certain period of time, so that the bottom R2 of the housing 1 Since the accumulated contaminants can be dropped and removed in the vicinity of the water, it is easier and cheaper to maintain the water environment in the biological habitat after the installation of the biological habitat formation structure A.・ Can be managed.

In addition, for example, when installed in a water area, the eddy current formed by placing the flexible laying material 4 under the skeleton 1 so that the biological habitat formation structure A is in a floating state. In this way, it is possible to prevent the water bottom W1 at the installation location from being scoured, so that the biological habitat formation structure A can be subsequently installed at the same location. Therefore, it is possible to function effectively as a habitat where target aquatic organisms can be established and used for a long period of time.

  The hooked portion 5 is a portion that hooks a lifting means such as a rope when the biological habitat formation structure A is installed, lifted, recovered, or reinstalled by a heavy machine such as a crane truck. . By forming the hooked portion 5 on the housing 1, it is possible to reduce labor when installing the biological habitat forming structure A.

<About the biological habitat formation method according to the present invention>
The biological habitat formation method according to the present invention includes all methods including at least a step of installing the biological habitat formation structure according to the present invention in a water area or a land area.

  By installing the biological habitat formation structure according to the present invention in the water area or land area, it is possible to form a habitat for living organisms simply, inexpensively and effectively, and in its simple, inexpensive and low labor, The habitat can be maintained for a long time.

  The target organism is not particularly limited. For example, fish such as natural eel and sweetfish, shrimp, crab, small animals such as rabbits and rats, etc. Useful for living organisms. According to the present invention, it is possible to effectively prevent damage caused by birds that prey on these organisms such as cormorants, herons, scorpions, and eagle hawks.

  The installation location can be set in either a water area or a land area, and can be appropriately determined depending on the target organism, purpose, use, etc., and is not particularly limited. The water area includes a wide range of underwater and surrounding areas, and can be installed in various places such as a land water area, a coastal area, a brackish water area, a shallow water area, and a deep water area.

<About the planting method according to the present invention>
The planting method according to the present invention includes a step of installing the biological habitat formation structure according to the present invention in a water area or a land area, and the cylindrical member filled in the biological habitat formation structure. All including at least the step of inserting a plant into one or more is included.

  For example, in addition to forming and maintaining the habitat of the target organism by inserting the plant into one or more of the cylindrical members filled in the structure for forming the habitat for living organisms, Promote growth and regenerate and create complex and diverse ecosystems.

  Hereinafter, the example of the planting construction method which concerns on this invention is demonstrated using FIG. Note that the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of the planting method according to the present invention.

  In FIG. 3, a structure for forming a biological habitat, in which a box 1 is filled with a filling material 2 and cylindrical members 3, 3 ′, 3 ″ and a flexible bed 4 is laid under the box 1. A 'is partly installed in the bottom W1 near the bank S in a state of being immersed in the water W. The present invention includes all cases where it is installed in the water area or the land area, and forms a biological habitat. Depending on whether all or part of the structural body A ′ is immersed in the water W, the structure A ′ is not narrowly limited.

  In FIG. 3, the cylindrical member 3 is arrange | positioned in the water W, and mainly functions as a water flow path into the habitat for the aquatic organisms and the enclosure 1.

  On the other hand, the cylindrical member 3 ′ is a long cylindrical member whose both ends can be positioned in the vicinity of one surface of the housing 1 and in the vicinity of the surface farthest from the surface. The plant body P is inserted in the empty part, and the root P1 is rooted on the bank S. Thus, by using the cylindrical member 3 as a support, it is possible to root a plant, and it is effective for regeneration and creation of complicated and diverse ecosystems.

  In addition, for example, when the plant body P is inserted into a short cylindrical member 3 ″ smaller than the size of the housing 1, the cylindrical member 3 similarly functions as a support, so that the plant is fixed and grown. It is possible and effective for the regeneration and creation of complex and diverse ecosystems.

  The length of the cylindrical member for functioning as a support for plant fixation / growth, the arrangement in the housing 1, the orientation, and the like can be appropriately set depending on the purpose and application, and are not particularly limited. As shown in FIG. 3, both long and short cylindrical members can be used according to the purpose and use, and one or a plurality of cylindrical members are appropriately arranged according to the purpose and use. Is also possible. As for the direction of the tubular member, any of a substantially horizontal direction, a substantially vertical direction, and an oblique direction can be employed.

  In Example 1, when the cylindrical member was filled together with the filling material in the gabions installed in water, it was examined whether the dissolved oxygen between the filling materials changed.

  A steel frame with a width of 50 cm x height of 40 cm and a mesh size of 7 x 5 cm is installed in the water of the Takoshi River in Choshi City, Kanagawa Prefecture, filled with crushed stone, and in some places, an inner diameter of 15 cm, A vinyl chloride tube having a length of 50 cm and having a flow hole with a diameter of 1 cm formed on the wall surface at intervals of about 15 cm was also filled.

  Using a dissolved oxygen meter (manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd.), the dissolved oxygen amount was measured for the water in the crevice between the crushed stones in the place where the vinyl chloride pipe was not filled and the water in the vicinity of the place where the vinyl chloride pipe was filled. It was measured. The measurement was performed every hour from 9:00 to 18:00, and the average value was calculated. The water temperature was 24-25.5 ° C. As a control, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water outside the enclosure was 5.2 to 5.6 mg / L.

  As a result, the average dissolved oxygen amount of water in the crevice crevice at the place where the vinyl chloride pipe was not filled was 3.0 mg / L, whereas the average dissolved water near the place where the vinyl chloride pipe was filled The amount of oxygen was 5.0 mg / L, which was almost equivalent to the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water outside the enclosure.

  As a result, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the water environment and to form and maintain an appropriate growth environment by filling the casing formed by the mesh member with the cylindrical member in addition to the filling material. Show.

The cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the example of the structure for biological habitat formation which concerns on this invention. The external appearance schematic perspective view which shows the example of the cylindrical member which concerns on this invention. The cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the example of the planting construction method which concerns on this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rod body 11 Net member 2 Filling material 3 Tubular member 32 Flow hole 4 Flexible covering material A Structure for biological habitat formation P Plant body S Bank W Underwater W1 Installation surface, bottom of water

Claims (6)

Installed on flexible flooring laid on the bottom of water in a place with water flow,
A living body in which the entire body is substantially blocked by a mesh member and filled with a gravel or a gravel-like filling material , and a plurality of cylindrical members are filled between the filling materials in the housing. Field formation structure.   The biological habitat forming structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of flow holes are formed in a wall surface of all or part of the cylindrical member.   The biological habitat forming structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an inner diameter of the cylindrical member is a size that allows a target organism to pass through. Biological habitat forming structure of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the net-like member is formed by a durable material.   The biological habitat formation method including the process of installing the structure for biological habitat formation as described in any one of Claims 1-4 in a water area. A step of installing the biological habitat forming structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in a water area;
And a step of inserting a plant into one or a plurality of the cylindrical members filled in the biological habitat formation structure.

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