JP6238296B2 - Shield machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a shield machine that performs excavation while discharging excavated earth and sand with a screw conveyor.

  Conventionally, a shield machine has been used when excavating a tunnel, and various structures such as a mud pressure type and a muddy water type have been proposed.

  FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional structure of a mud pressure shield shield machine, and reference numeral 402 in the figure indicates a screw conveyor for discharging excavated earth and sand.

  By the way, during excavation by the shield excavator, gravel Q having an unexpected size may block the front end opening (sediment intake) of the screw conveyor 402. In order to crush such gravel Q, a rock drill was inserted into the screw conveyor 402 as shown by reference numeral M1 in the figure to crush the gravel Q.

Toyoyuki Shima, 3 others, “Excavation of boulder-mixed gravel layer by bubble shield method”, 63rd Annual Scientific Lecture, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, September 2008

  However, the rock drill M1 having the structure shown in the figure can be used only for a screw having no outer cylinder drive type shaft (so-called ribbon type), and for a screw having a shaft or a shaft drive type ribbon screw. There was a problem that it could not be used.

  Moreover, when using the rock drill M1 as described above, there is a problem that the gate of the screw conveyor 402 must be opened, and the operation becomes complicated.

  An object of this invention is to provide the shield machine which can eliminate the above-mentioned problem.

The invention according to claim 1 is illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, and includes a screw (20) that is rotationally driven, and a substantially cylindrical casing (21) that houses the screw (20). In the shield machine (1), which is equipped with a screw conveyor (2) and performs excavation while discharging the excavated earth and sand with the screw conveyor (2),
A substantially cylindrical member (see reference numeral 22; hereinafter referred to as a “cylindrical member”) is fitted on the casing (21) in a slidable state.
The cylindrical member (22) is formed with a through hole (see reference numerals 22a and 22b in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), hereinafter referred to as “cylinder side through hole”).
The casing (21) has through-holes (see reference numerals 21a and 21b, so as to coincide with the cylinder-side through-holes (22a and / or 22b) according to the sliding position of the cylindrical member (22). "Case side through hole" is formed,
A lid member (23A, 23B) having a bit insertion port (see reference numerals 23Aa, 23Ba in FIG. 3 (a)) into which the bit (P) of the rock drill (M) can be inserted includes the cylinder side through hole (22a, 22b) is attached to the tubular member (22) so as to close it,
The bit (P) of the rock drill (M) passes through the bit insertion port (23Aa or 23Ba), the cylinder side through hole (22a or 22b), and the casing side through hole (21a or 21b). It is characterized by being configured to be inserted into (21).

The invention according to claim 2 is illustrated in FIG. 3 (a). In the invention according to claim 1, the lid member (23A, 23B) has a width that is wider toward the casing (21). A tapered hole (C) is provided,
The portions (23Ab, 23Bb,...) That support the bit (P) in the lid members (23A, 23B) are rotatable ball joints,
The bit (P) is characterized in that it can swing within the tapered hole (C).

  The invention according to claim 3 is that in the invention according to claim 1 or 2, the cylindrical member is externally fitted to the casing in a state of being slidable along the longitudinal direction of the casing. Features.

  The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cylindrical member (22) is slidable in the circumferential direction of the casing (21). 21), and is externally fitted in a rotatable state.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the position where the cylindrical member (22) is arranged is in the vicinity of the front end of the casing (21). It is characterized by.

The invention according to claim 6 is illustrated in FIG. 4, and in the invention according to claim 4, the casing side through hole (see reference numerals 121 a and 121 b in FIG. 4) is the casing (reference numeral in the figure). 121)) in the circumferential direction,
At least one cylinder side through hole (see reference numeral 122a in the figure) is formed,
The casing side through hole (121a, 121b) and the cylinder side through hole (122a) are one casing side through hole (121b) of the plurality of casing side through holes (121a, 121b). (122a) that at least one casing side through hole (121a) of the other casing side through hole is formed at a position where it is closed by the cylindrical member (122). Features.

The invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to claim 6, which is illustrated in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), in which the two cylinder side through holes (222 a, 222 b) are arranged on the “first cylinder side”. The through hole (222a) "" second cylinder side through hole (222b) "and the two casing side through holes (221a, 221b) are referred to as" first casing side through hole (221a) "" second casing side through hole ( 221b) ",
When the cylindrical member (see reference numeral 222 in FIG. 5A) is at a predetermined rotational position, the first cylindrical side through hole (222a) and the first casing side through hole (221a) coincide. When the second cylinder side through hole (222b) and the second casing side through hole (221b) do not coincide with each other, and the cylindrical member (222) is at another rotational position, the second cylinder side The through hole (222b) and the second casing side through hole (221b) coincide with each other, and the first cylinder side through hole (222a) and the first casing side through hole (221a) do not coincide with each other. Each through hole (221a, 221b, 222a, 222b) is formed.

The invention according to claim 8 is illustrated in FIG. 6, and in the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the casing side through-hole (see reference numerals 321 a and 321 b in FIG. 6). , Formed in the upper half portion of the cylinder of the casing (reference numeral 321 in the figure),
When the casing-side through hole (321a and / or 321b) and the cylinder-side through hole (322a and / or 322b) are matched, it is configured so that the earth and sand cannot easily enter through these through-holes. Features.

  Note that the numbers in parentheses are for the sake of convenience indicating the corresponding elements in the drawings, and therefore the present description is not limited to the descriptions on the drawings.

  According to the first, third, and fifth aspects of the present invention, when the cylindrical member is at a predetermined sliding position, the cylindrical side through hole and the casing side through hole coincide with each other. Therefore, when large gravel inside the casing impedes the rotation of the screw, pass through the through-holes (with the power supply to the screw stopped). The bits of the rock drill can be inserted to crush the gravel, and the rotation of the screw can be recovered. Further, the casing side through hole can be closed by sliding the cylindrical member by a predetermined amount in the circumferential direction or the longitudinal direction of the casing. Therefore, it is possible to prevent gravel from entering the casing side through-hole or the cylinder side through-hole, and the rotation of the screw during excavation causes the gravel (that is, the casing side through-hole to partially protrude toward the screw side). It is possible to reduce the risk of being hindered by holes or gravel that enter the cylinder side through hole. Furthermore, the present invention can be applied to any of a screw having a shaft structure and a screw having a shaft structure, regardless of whether the screw driving method is an axial driving method or an outer cylinder driving method. It is possible to apply. Furthermore, unlike the conventional apparatus, it is not necessary to open the gate of the screw conveyor when inserting the rock drill, so that the work of crushing gravel can be simplified.

  According to the invention of claim 2, the bit (insertion angle) can be changed as appropriate to insert the bit into the casing to open a plurality of holes in the gravel. It can be crushed.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, when the casing side through hole is closed, it is sufficient to rotate the cylindrical member at that position (without moving it to another position). It is not necessary to secure an empty space for moving the shaped member, and the space can be effectively used inside the narrow shield machine.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 6, while performing the operation | work which inserts a bit into the cylinder side through-hole and casing side through-hole which correspond, and crushes gravel, the casing side penetration which is not used for this operation | work Since the hole is closed by the cylindrical member, foreign matter (small gravel etc.) can be prevented from entering the casing side through hole.

  Now, when the screw stops due to gravel, the position where the screw stops is not fixed (indeterminate), so the bit is placed in either the first casing side through hole or the second casing side through hole. It should be inserted depending on the screw stop position. If the number of the cylinder side through holes formed in the cylindrical member is only one, the cylinder side through hole corresponds to either the first casing side through hole or the second casing side through hole. The cylindrical member must be rotated until the operation becomes complicated. However, when a plurality of cylinder side through holes are provided as in the invention according to claim 7, it is sufficient to rotate the cylindrical member by a relatively small angle, and workability is improved.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 8, even if earth and sand penetrate | invade into a hole (hole formed with the said casing side through-hole and the said cylinder side through-hole) during the operation | work which is crushing gravel, this earth and sand Returns to the inside of the casing by its own weight, and the possibility that earth and sand will remain in the hole after the work can be reduced. Therefore, when the cylindrical member is rotated to close the casing-side through hole after the work is completed, the possibility that the rotation of the cylindrical member is hindered by earth and sand can be reduced.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the overall structure of a shield machine according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view (partial cross-sectional view as seen from directly above) showing an example of a state in which a rock drill is attached to the screw conveyor. FIG. 3 (a) is an enlarged sectional view showing an example of the structure of the tip portion of the screw conveyor, and FIG. 3 (b) is an EE end view (only the main part is shown). FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of the cylindrical member and the casing. FIG. 5 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing a state where one cylinder side through hole is in an open state, and FIG. 5 (b) is a cross sectional view showing a state where the other cylinder side through hole is in an open state. is there. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the structure of the cylindrical member and the casing. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional structure of a mud pressure shield shield machine.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.

The shield machine according to the present invention is exemplified by reference numeral 1 in FIG. 1, and performs excavation while discharging the excavated earth and sand with the screw conveyor 2. And, as shown in detail in FIG.
A screw 20 that is driven to rotate;
A substantially cylindrical casing 21 for housing the screw 20;
have.

  Further, in the substantially cylindrical casing 21, a substantially cylindrical member (hereinafter referred to as “tubular member”) 22 having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the casing 21 is slidable. (Specifically, in a state in which the casing 21 can slide along the longitudinal direction of the casing 21 or in a state in which the casing 21 can rotate in a circumferential direction so as to slide in the circumferential direction). As shown in detail in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the cylindrical member 22 has at least one through hole (hereinafter referred to as “cylinder side through hole”) 22a, 22b,. Is formed. The cylindrical member 22 may be rotated or slid by an operator using a tool such as a chain block.

  As shown by the arrow F in FIG. 3B, when the cylindrical member 22 is rotated in its circumferential direction, the cylindrical side through holes 22a, 22b,. When the cylindrical member 22 is slid along the longitudinal direction of the casing 21 (not shown), the cylindrical side through holes 22a, 22b,. Although moving along the direction, through-holes (hereinafter referred to as “casing-side through-holes”) 21a, 21b,... Are formed also on the casing 21 side so as to face the movement path. .. And the casing side through holes 21a, 21b,... Coincide with each other according to the sliding position of the cylindrical member 22.

  Further, lid members 23A, 23B,... Are attached to the cylindrical member 22 so as to close the cylinder side through holes 22a, 22b,..., And the lid members 23A, 23B,. Bit insertion ports 23Aa, 23Ba,... Into which the bits of the rock drill M (hereinafter simply referred to as “bits” if necessary) P can be inserted. 3A, the cylindrical member 22 is held at a predetermined sliding position, and the cylindrical side through holes 22a, 22b,... And the casing side through holes 21a, 21b,. When the one of the pair matches, the bit P inserted from the bit insertion port (the bit insertion port indicated by reference numeral 23Aa in FIG. 3 (a)) is inserted into the cylinder side through hole (FIG. 3 (a)). In the cylinder side through-hole indicated by reference numeral 22a) and the casing side through-hole (in FIG. 3A, the casing-side through hole indicated by reference numeral 21a) so as to reach (insert) the inside of the casing 21. It is configured.

  The rock drill M is an electric or hydraulic machine that performs rock drilling, and examples thereof include an electric drill, an electric hammer, a hydraulic drill, and a hydraulic hammer. Moreover, it is preferable that an operator inserts the rock drill M into the casing 21 and crushes the gravel Q using the rock drill M. Further, a sealing function is added to the lid members 23A, 23B,... So that muddy water does not leak out of the casing 21 when the bit P is inserted or not inserted. It is good to keep it. 3A, the lid members 23A, 23B,... Are provided with holes (that is, tapered holes) that become wider as the casing 21 is approached. In the lid members 23A, 23B,..., The portions 23Ab, 23Bb,... That support the bit P are used as rotatable ball joints, and the bit P is placed inside the tapered hole C (the gravel Q or the like). It is preferable to be able to oscillate as indicated by arrow D (in a range not interfering with the screw 20 or the like). In such a case, the bit P can be inserted into the casing 21 by appropriately changing the angle (insertion angle) to open a plurality of holes in the gravel Q, and even a large-diameter gravel is easy. It becomes possible to crush. Here, the tapered hole C does not have to be substantially conical (obliquely conical), and is a vertical plane including the digging direction G of the shield machine 1 (that is, the paper surface of FIG. 3 (a)). The taper shape may be sufficient. The screw 20 illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 (a) has a structure without a shaft (so-called ribbon type), but is not limited to this, and has a structure with a shaft (so-called shaft type). Further, a shaft driving method or an outer cylinder driving method) may be used. Further, a seal member (not shown) may be interposed between the cylindrical member 22 and the casing 21 so that muddy water does not leak out.

  According to the present invention, when the cylindrical member 22 is in a predetermined sliding position, at least one set of the through-holes 22a, 22b,... And the through-holes 21a, 21b,. The holes will match. Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3A, in the case where the large-diameter gravel Q inhibits the rotation of the screw 20 inside the casing 21, The bit P of the rock drill M can be inserted through the through holes (with the power supply stopped) to crush the gravel Q, and the rotation of the screw 20 can be restored. it can. If the cylindrical member 22 is slid by a predetermined amount in the circumferential direction of the casing 21 (see arrow F in FIG. 3B) or the longitudinal direction, the casing side through holes 21a, 21b,. be able to. Therefore, gravel can be prevented from entering the casing side through holes 21a, 21b,... And the cylinder side through holes 22a, 22b,. Can be reduced by the casing side through holes 21a, 21b,... And the cylinder side through holes 22a, 22b,. Furthermore, the present invention can be applied to any of a screw having a shaft structure and a screw having a shaft structure, regardless of whether the screw driving method is an axial driving method or an outer cylinder driving method. It is possible to apply. Furthermore, unlike the conventional apparatus shown in FIG. 7, it is not necessary to open the gate of the screw conveyor 402 when inserting the rock drill M1, so that the work of crushing gravel can be simplified. When the cylindrical member 22 is externally fitted to the casing 21 in a rotatable state, when the casing side through holes 21a, 21b,. Therefore, it is not necessary to secure an empty space for the cylindrical member 22 to move, and a space is provided inside the narrow shield machine 1. Can be used effectively.

  By the way, the position where the casing side through holes 21a, 21b,... Are formed is in the vicinity of the front end portion of the casing 21 (that is, in the vicinity of the front end portion in the digging direction G), and the cylindrical member 22 is arranged accordingly. The position is set near the front end of the casing 21 so that the bit P inserted into the casing 21 can reach the vicinity of the opening of the casing 21 (that is, the vicinity of the tip of the screw 20). Usually, the large-diameter gravel Q tends to be clogged in the vicinity of the opening of the casing 21, and by arranging the casing side through holes 21 a, 21 b,... And the cylindrical member 22 in the vicinity of the front end of the casing 21, Large gravel can be effectively crushed.

  On the other hand, a plurality of the casing side through holes 21a, 21b,... Are formed along the circumferential direction F of the casing 21, and at least one of the cylinder side through holes 22a, 22b,. good. In such a case, even if the screw 20 stopped due to the gravel Q blocks one casing side through hole 21a or 21b, the bit P is inserted into the casing from the other casing side through hole 21b or 21b. It can be inserted into 21 and the gravel Q can be crushed.

Further, as described above, when a plurality of the casing side through holes are formed along the circumferential direction F of the casing, the casing side through holes and the cylinder side through holes are
“When one casing side through hole of the plurality of casing side through holes is coincident with the cylinder side through hole, at least one casing side through hole (preferably, among the other casing side through holes, All of the other casing side through holes) are closed by the cylindrical member.
It is good to form in such a position. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 4, only one cylindrical side through hole 122a is formed,
When the cylinder side through hole 122a coincides with one casing side through hole 121b, the other casing side through hole 121a is closed,
When the cylindrical member 122 is rotated as indicated by an arrow F so that the cylindrical side through hole 122a is aligned with the other casing side through hole 121a, the one casing side through hole 121b is in a closed state.
It is better to configure as follows. In such a case, the bit P is inserted into the matching through-holes (for example, the matching cylinder-side through-hole 122a and casing-side through-hole 121b) to crush the gravel Q. Meanwhile, the casing side through hole 121a not used for the work is in a state of being blocked by the cylindrical member 122, so that foreign matter (small gravel etc.) is prevented from entering the casing side through hole 121a. it can.

Further, it may be configured as illustrated in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b). That is, the two cylinder side through holes 222a and 222b are respectively referred to as “first cylinder side through holes” and “second cylinder side through holes”, and the two casing side through holes 221a and 221b are respectively referred to as “first casing side through holes”. When the “second casing side through hole” is used, when the cylindrical member 222 is in a predetermined rotational position, as illustrated in FIG.
The first cylinder side through hole 222a and the first casing side through hole 221a coincide with each other;
The second cylinder side through hole 222b and the second casing side through hole 221b do not match,
Further, when the cylindrical member 222 is in another rotational position, as illustrated in FIG.
The second cylinder side through hole 222b and the second casing side through hole 221b are coincident with each other,
The through holes 221a, 221b, 222a, and 222b may be formed at positions where the first cylinder side through hole 222a and the first casing side through hole 221b do not coincide with each other. Now, when the screw 20 is stopped by the gravel Q, the position where the screw 20 stops is not fixed (indeterminate), so the first casing side through hole 221a or the second casing side through hole 221b. Which of the bits P should be inserted depends on the stop position of the screw 20. If the number of the cylindrical side through holes formed in the cylindrical member 222 is only one, the cylindrical side through hole is either the first casing side through hole 221a or the second casing side through hole 221b. The cylindrical member 222 has to be rotated until it agrees with the above, and the work becomes complicated. However, when a plurality of the cylinder side through holes 222a and 222b are provided as described above, it is sufficient to rotate the cylindrical member 222 by a relatively small angle, and workability is improved. In addition, the same effect as described above can be obtained. That is, the matching through holes (that is, the matching rotating first cylinder side through hole 222a and first casing side through hole 221a, or the matching second cylinder side through hole 222b and second casing side) During the operation of inserting the bit P into the through hole 221b) and crushing the gravel, the casing side through hole 221a or 221b that is not used for the operation is closed by the cylindrical member 222. Therefore, it is possible to prevent foreign matters (such as small gravel) from entering the casing side through hole 221a or 221b.

  On the other hand, the casing side through-hole described above is formed in the upper half of the cylinder of the casings 221 and 321 as illustrated by reference numerals 221a, 221b, 321a and 321b in FIGS. 5 (a), 5 (b) and FIG. It is good to keep. That is, each casing side through hole is preferably arranged so that the casing side through hole opens downward in the casing. In such a case, even if earth and sand enter the hole C during the operation of crushing the gravel Q, the earth and sand will return to the casings 221 and 321 by its own weight, The possibility that earth and sand remain in the part C can be reduced. Therefore, when the cylindrical members 222, 322 are rotated to close the casing side through holes 221a, 221b, 321a, 321b after the work is completed, the rotation of the cylindrical members 222, 322 is hindered by earth and sand. The fear can be reduced.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield machine 2 Screw conveyor 20 Screw 21 Casing 21a, 21b Casing side through-hole 22 Cylindrical member 22a, 22b Cylindrical through-hole 23A, 23B Lid member 23Aa, 23Ba Bit insertion port 121 Casing 121a, 121b Casing side through-hole 122a Cylinder side through hole 221a, 221b Casing side through hole 222a, 222b Cylinder side through hole 321 Casing 321a, 321b Casing side through hole 322a, 322b Cylinder side through hole M Rock drill P bit

Claims (8)

In a shield machine that includes a screw conveyor composed of a screw that is rotationally driven and a substantially cylindrical casing that accommodates the screw, and excavates while excavating earth and sand excavated by the screw conveyor,
A substantially cylindrical member (hereinafter referred to as a “cylindrical member”) is externally fitted to the casing in a slidable state,
A through hole (hereinafter referred to as “cylinder side through hole”) is formed in the cylindrical member,
In the casing, a through hole (hereinafter referred to as a “casing side through hole”) is formed so as to coincide with the cylinder side through hole according to the sliding position of the cylindrical member,
A lid member having a bit insertion port into which a bit of a rock drill can be inserted is attached to the cylindrical member so as to close the cylindrical side through hole,
The rock drill bit is configured to be inserted into the casing through the bit insertion port, the cylinder side through hole and the casing side through hole,
This is a shield machine. The lid member is provided with a tapered hole that becomes wider as it approaches the casing.
The portion that supports the bit in the lid member is a rotatable ball joint,
The bit is configured to be able to swing inside the tapered hole.
The shield machine according to claim 1. The cylindrical member is externally fitted to the casing so as to be slidable along the longitudinal direction of the casing.
The shield machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shield machine is provided. The cylindrical member is externally fitted to the casing so as to be slidable so as to be slidable in the circumferential direction of the casing.
The shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the shield machine is provided. The position where the cylindrical member is arranged is near the front end of the casing.
The shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the shield machine is provided. A plurality of the casing side through holes are formed along the circumferential direction of the casing,
At least one cylindrical side through hole is formed,
The casing side through hole and the cylinder side through hole are at least one of the other casing side through holes when one casing side through hole of the plurality of casing side through holes coincides with the cylinder side through hole. One casing side through hole was formed at a position where it was closed by the cylindrical member,
The shield machine according to claim 4. The two cylinder side through holes are referred to as “first cylinder side through holes” and “second cylinder side through holes”, and the two casing side through holes are referred to as “first casing side through holes” and “second casing side through holes”. In case,
When the cylindrical member is at a predetermined rotational position, the first cylinder side through hole and the first casing side through hole coincide with each other, and the second cylinder side through hole and the second casing side through hole Do not match and the cylindrical member is in a different rotational position, the second cylinder side through hole and the second casing side through hole match and the first cylinder side through hole and the first Each through hole was formed at a position where the casing side through hole did not match,
The shield machine according to claim 6. The casing side through hole is formed in an upper half portion of the casing cylinder,
When the casing side through-hole and the cylinder side through-hole are matched, the earth and sand are configured not to enter through these through-holes.
The shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the shield machine is provided.

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