JP7104736B2 - Tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator capable of crushing, transporting and discharging foreign substances such as boulders, clay lumps and driftwood contained in excavated earth and sand.

In a general tunnel excavator, a tunnel is excavated by rotating a cutter head and a plurality of cutters mounted on the front surface of the cutter head forming a face on the ground in front of the cutter head. The excavated earth and sand generated by excavation of the tunnel is once stored in the chamber on the back side of the cutter head, and then transported and discharged toward the rear in the tunnel extension direction by the screw conveyor (earth removal device) provided in the tunnel excavator. Will be done.

When excavating the ground containing foreign matter such as large gravel, clay lumps, and driftwood in the earth and sand to be excavated, the foreign matter is contained in the excavated earth and sand. The screw conveyor has a limit in the size of gravel and the like that can be transported depending on its size, and cannot transport gravel and the like that exceed the allowable transport size. In order to increase the allowable transport size, it is necessary to design the diameter of the screw conveyor to be large.

However, it may be difficult to install a large-diameter screw conveyor because the size of the diameter of the screw conveyor is limited due to the limitation of the arrangement space in the tunnel excavator. Therefore, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a tunnel excavator that crushes boulder with a rock drill in a chamber and then transports and discharges it with a screw conveyor.

Japanese Patent No. 4495114

However, the conventional tunnel excavator described in Patent Document 1 has a structure in which a boulder is sandwiched between a cutter head and a partition wall (bulk head) in a chamber and crushed. With such a structure, it is not possible to fix the boulder in a predetermined position well in the chamber, so that there is a problem that it is difficult to crush the boulder with a rock drill.

Further, in the above-mentioned conventional tunnel excavator, it is necessary to install additional equipment for crushing boulder in the chamber for storing excavated soil and the cutter head which is a rotating mechanism. For this reason, there is also a problem that the flow of excavated earth and sand in the chamber is obstructed during normal excavation, and there is also a problem that the device configuration around the cutter head becomes complicated.

Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and foreign matter such as boulder can be reliably fixed at a predetermined position other than the chamber so that it can be crushed, and the ground containing the foreign matter can be excavated smoothly. The purpose is to do.

In order to solve the above problems, according to a certain viewpoint of the present invention,
Cylindrical excavator body and
A cutter head rotatably provided at the front end of the excavator body,
A partition wall provided behind the cutter head inside the excavator body,
A chamber defined by the cutter head and the partition wall and storing the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head, and
It has a cylinder connected to a discharge port formed in the partition wall and screw blades rotatably provided in the cylinder, and the excavated earth and sand stored in the chamber is directed to the rear of the excavator main body. With a screw conveyor
A crushing space formed in the tip of the cylinder of the screw conveyor and capable of accommodating a crushing object contained in the excavated earth and sand, and a crushing space.
At least one having a pressing portion provided so as to be able to advance and retreat with respect to the crushing space in the cylinder, and pressing the crushing object moved from the chamber to the crushing space through the discharge port by the pressing portion. Pressing device and
A tunnel excavator is provided.

The pressing device is
The first pressing device arranged on one side of the crushing space and
A second pressing device arranged on the other side of the crushing space and
Including
The first and second pressing devices may press the object to be crushed by sandwiching it from both sides in the crushing space.

The cylinder of the screw conveyor is provided with at least one first insertion port for inserting the pressing portion of the pressing device from the outside to the inside of the cylinder.
When the excavated earth and sand are transported by the screw conveyor, the pressing portion of the pressing device retracts to the outside of the cylinder.
When crushing the object to be crushed, the pressing portion of the pressing device may enter the crushing space inside the cylinder through the first insertion port and press the object to be crushed.

The screw conveyor further includes a first switchgear that opens and closes the first insertion slot.
When the excavated earth and sand are transported by the screw conveyor, the first insertion port is closed by the first opening / closing device in a state where the pressing portion of the pressing device is retracted to the outside of the cylinder.
When crushing the object to be crushed, the first insertion opening may be opened by the first opening / closing device.

A rock drilling device having a rod provided so as to be able to advance and retreat in a second direction different from the first direction, which is the advancing and retreating direction of the pressing portion of the pressing device, with respect to the crushing space in the cylinder of the screw conveyor. You may be prepared.

The pressing device is
The first pressing device arranged on one side of the crushing space and
A second pressing device arranged on the other side of the crushing space and
Including
The first and second pressing devices can press the object to be crushed by sandwiching the object to be crushed from both sides in the crushing space.
The rock drilling device may allow the tip of the rod to come into contact with the crushing object in a state of being sandwiched from both sides by the first and second pressing devices in the crushing space.

The cylinder of the screw conveyor is provided with a second insertion port for inserting the rod of the rock drilling device from the outside to the inside of the cylinder.
When the excavated earth and sand are transported by the screw conveyor, the rod of the rock drilling device is retracted to the outside of the cylinder.
When crushing the object to be crushed, the rod of the rock drilling device may enter the crushing space inside the cylinder through the second insertion port and come into contact with the object to be crushed.

The screw conveyor further includes a second switchgear that opens and closes the second insertion slot.
When the excavated earth and sand are transported by the screw conveyor, the second insertion port is closed by the second opening / closing device with the rod of the rock drilling device retracted to the outside of the cylinder.
When crushing the object to be crushed, the second insertion opening may be opened by the second opening / closing device.

The screw conveyor further has a slide mechanism for sliding the screw blades in the tubular body in the axial direction.
When crushing the object to be crushed, the crushing space may be formed in the tip end portion of the tubular body by retracting the screw blades axially rearward by the slide mechanism.

When the excavated earth and sand are transported by the screw conveyor, the screw blades may be rotated while the screw blades are advanced axially forward by the slide mechanism.

A gate device that opens and closes the outlet is provided.
When crushing the object to be crushed, the outlet may be closed by the gate device.

A plurality of protrusions may be provided on the front surface of the pressing portion of the pressing device.

The pressing device may include a detecting device that detects the stroke of the pressing portion in the advancing / retreating direction.

According to the present invention, foreign matter such as boulder can be reliably fixed at a predetermined position other than the chamber so that it can be crushed, and the ground containing the foreign matter can be smoothly excavated.

It is schematic cross-sectional view explaining the tunnel excavator which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which advanced the screw blade by the slide mechanism which concerns on the same embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which retracted a screw blade by the slide mechanism which concerns on the same embodiment. It is an enlarged cross-sectional view which shows the periphery of the tip part of the screw conveyor which concerns on the same embodiment. FIG. 4 is a view taken along the line AA of FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the operation of transporting excavated earth and sand by the screw conveyor which concerns on the same embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the operation of crushing a boulder by the pressing device which concerns on the same embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the pressing device which concerns on the same embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the plurality of protrusions formed in the pressing part of the pressing device which concerns on this embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows another example of the plurality of protrusions formed in the pressing part of the pressing device which concerns on this embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the operation of transporting excavated earth and sand in a state where the rock drilling apparatus which concerns on this embodiment is retracted. It is a schematic diagram which shows the operation which crushes a boulder by the rock drilling apparatus in the state which the rock drilling apparatus which concerns on this embodiment advances.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The dimensions, materials, other specific numerical values, etc. shown in the embodiment are merely examples for facilitating the understanding of the invention, and do not limit the present invention unless otherwise specified. In the present specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same function and configuration are designated by the same reference numerals to omit duplicate description, and elements not directly related to the present invention are not shown. do.

<1. Overall configuration of tunnel excavator>
The tunnel excavator according to the embodiment of the present invention is, for example, a soil pressure type (including mud pressure type) shield excavator capable of excavating the ground composed of a soil layer containing a crushed object. Here, the object to be crushed is a foreign substance to be crushed in the main body of the excavator during excavation by the tunnel excavator. The foreign matter includes, for example, gravel, clay lumps, driftwood and the like contained in excavated earth and sand. When a large-sized foreign matter is contained in the earth and sand layer to be excavated, it becomes difficult to carry and discharge the foreign matter by a screw conveyor (earth removal device).

Therefore, it is preferable that the foreign matter (object to be crushed) contained in the excavated earth and sand is crushed to a small size that can be transported by a screw conveyor, and then transported and discharged together with the excavated earth and sand. Therefore, the tunnel excavator according to the present embodiment is characterized by including a mechanism for reliably fixing a foreign substance (crushed object) at a predetermined position in the excavator main body and crushing the foreign matter (object to be crushed).

In the following description, an example of boulder will be mainly used as an object to be crushed. Boulder means gravel having a size that cannot or is difficult to be transported by a screw conveyor provided in a tunnel excavator among the gravel contained in excavated earth and sand.

First, a schematic configuration of the tunnel excavator 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a tunnel excavator 1 according to the present embodiment. In the following description, the expressions "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", and [bottom] are referred to as "the traveling direction of the tunnel excavator 1 in the tunnel extension direction". It shall indicate the directions of "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", and [bottom].

As shown in FIG. 1, the tunnel excavator 1 according to the present embodiment includes a cylindrical excavator main body 10, a disk-shaped cutter head 11, a partition wall 12 arranged behind the cutter head 11, and a cutter rotation. It includes a shaft 13.

The cutter head 11 is a substantially disk-shaped rotating body provided at the front end of the excavator main body 10. The front end of the cutter rotation shaft 13 is fitted in the center of the cutter head 11, and the cutter head 11 is rotatably supported around the cutter rotation shaft 13.

The cutter head 11 includes an outer peripheral ring 11a, an inner peripheral ring 11b, a cutus spoke 11c, a fishtail cutter 11d, a cutter bit 11e, and the like. Of these, the outer peripheral ring 11a forms the outer peripheral portion of the cutter head 11, and the inner peripheral ring 11b is arranged inside the outer peripheral ring 11a in the radial direction of the cutter. Further, the plurality of Katta spokes 11c are arranged radially on the front surface of the cutter head 11 with the cutter rotation shaft 13 as the center. A fishtail cutter 11d is detachably attached to the center of the front surface of the cutter head 11. Further, a large number of cutter bits 11e are detachably attached to the front surface of the Katta spoke 11c.

The cutter head 11 is formed with a plurality of openings between the outer peripheral ring 11a, the inner peripheral ring 11b, and the cutus spoke 11c. The opening functions as an excavated earth and sand intake port for taking in excavated earth and sand generated when excavating the ground (face) by the cutter head 11 into the excavator main body 10 (inside the chamber 17 described later).

A partition wall 12 is arranged behind the cutter head 11 in the excavator main body 10. The partition wall 12 is a disk-shaped wall body arranged perpendicular to the tunnel extending direction, and the outer peripheral edge of the partition wall 12 is attached to the inner peripheral surface 10a of the excavator main body 10. The cutter head 11 and the partition wall 12 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the tunnel extending direction. Various equipment of the tunnel excavator 1 is arranged on the rear side of the partition wall 12, and the partition wall 12 isolates the equipment from the excavated earth and sand generated by the face. A discharge port 12a, which is an opening for discharging excavated soil, is formed in the lower part of the partition wall 12.

A cutter rotation shaft 13 is rotatably supported at the center of the partition wall 12. Further, a ring-shaped rotating ring 14 is rotatably supported on the partition wall 12 about the cutter rotating shaft 13. A plurality of connecting beams 15 are provided on the front portion of the rotating ring 14 at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. The plurality of connecting beams 15 connect the cutter head 11 and the rotating ring 14. The front end of the connecting beam 15 is connected to the connecting portion between the inner peripheral ring 11b of the cutter head 11 and the Katta spoke 11c. On the other hand, an external tooth type ring gear 14a is provided at the rear portion of the rotating ring 14. Further, a cutter turning motor 16 is provided behind the partition wall 12. The drive gear 16a of the cutter turning motor 16 meshes with the ring gear 14a of the rotating ring 14.

By driving the cutter turning motor 16, the rotation of the drive gear 16a is transmitted from the ring gear 14a to the rotating ring 14 and the connecting beam 15. As a result, the cutter head 11 can be rotated about the cutter rotation shaft 13. As a result, the front surface of the rotating cutter head 11 can be pressed against the ground (face) to excavate the ground.

A chamber 17 is defined between the cutter head 11 and the partition wall 12. The chamber 17 is a substantially columnar space defined by the rear surface of the cutter head 11, the front surface of the partition wall 12, and the inner peripheral surface 10a of the excavator main body 10. The excavated earth and sand generated by the excavation of the ground by the cutter head 11 is taken into the chamber 17 through the opening (excavated earth and sand intake port) formed through the cutter head 11. The chamber 17 functions as a space (chamber) for temporarily storing excavated soil. The excavated earth and sand taken into the chamber 17 is discharged from the chamber 17 into the screw conveyor 20 described later through the discharge port 12a at the lower part of the partition wall 12.

Further, a beam 18 is provided on the rear side of the partition wall 12 of the excavator main body 10. Both ends of the beam 18 are attached to the inner peripheral surface 10a of the excavator main body 10. An elector device (not shown) is provided on the rear surface of the beam 18. The erector device is provided so as to be movable in the axial direction, the radial direction, and the circumferential direction (that is, the tunnel extension direction, the radial direction, and the circumferential direction) of the excavator main body 10. Such an elector device can grip the segment S which is a lining member, and assembles the gripped segment S along the inner wall surface (pit wall) of the tunnel T.

The segment S is a ring piece having a curved shape along the inner wall surface of the excavated tunnel T. By driving the Elekta device, a plurality of segments S can be assembled in a ring shape along the tunnel circumferential direction. As a result, the inner wall surface of the tunnel T is covered with the plurality of segments S, and the inner wall surface can be prevented from collapsing.

Further, in the excavator main body 10, a plurality of propulsion jacks 19 are provided so as to extend in the tunnel extending direction along the inner peripheral surface 10a. The plurality of propulsion jacks 19 are arranged side by side at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction of the inner peripheral surface 10a. These propulsion jacks 19 have a drive rod 19a that can expand and contract in the tunnel extending direction. The tip of the drive rod 19a faces the front end surface of the existing segment S.

A propulsion reaction force can be applied to the excavator main body 10 by extending the drive rod 19a of the propulsion jack 19 toward the rear and pressing the segment S. That is, the excavator main body 10 can move forward by the propulsion reaction force generated when the propulsion jack 19 presses the segment S.

Further, a screw conveyor 20 is provided on the rear side of the partition wall 12 in the excavator main body 10. The screw conveyor 20 is arranged in an inclined manner in the excavator main body 10 so as to be located upward toward the rear side. The opening at the front end of the screw conveyor 20 (earth and sand intake port 22a described later) is connected to the discharge port 12a of the partition wall 12. As a result, the internal space of the screw conveyor 20 communicates with the chamber 17 through the discharge port 12a and the earth and sand intake port 22a of the partition wall 12. By driving the screw conveyor 20, the excavated earth and sand stored in the chamber 17 can be taken into the screw conveyor 20 and transported and discharged toward the rear of the excavator main body 10.

<2. Screw conveyor configuration>
Next, with reference to FIG. 1, the screw conveyor 20 and its peripheral configuration according to the present embodiment will be described in detail.

As shown in FIG. 1, the screw conveyor 20 includes a screw blade 21, a cylinder 22 (front cylinder 23 and rear cylinder 24), a drive unit 25, and a slide mechanism 26.

The screw blade 21 is a screw-shaped rotating body having a spiral blade, and is rotatably provided in the tubular body 22. The tip 21a of the screw blade 21 is a free end, and the rear end of the screw blade 21 is connected to the drive unit 25. The drive unit 25 is fixed to the rear end of the tubular body 22. The drive unit 25 rotatably supports the screw blade 21 in the tubular body 22.

The screw blade 21 may be, for example, a ribbon type screw blade as shown in FIG. 1, or a shaft type screw blade (not shown). The shaft-mounted type screw blade has a shaft arranged at the center of rotation and a spiral blade arranged around the shaft. This shaft-mounted type screw blade has an advantage that the area of the spiral blade can be made relatively large, so that the transportation efficiency of excavated earth and sand is excellent. On the other hand, the ribbon type screw blade has no shaft at the center of rotation and has only a spiral blade. Since this ribbon type screw blade does not have a shaft at the center of rotation, it has an advantage that it can take in gravel of a relatively large size and carry it. When excavating a sediment layer containing foreign matter such as boulder 2 as in the present embodiment, a ribbon type screw blade may be used as the screw blade 21 in order to be able to carry foreign matter of the largest possible size. preferable.

The tubular body 22 is a substantially cylindrical casing containing the screw blades 21. As described above, the tubular body 22 of the screw conveyor 20 is arranged so as to be inclined so as to be located upward toward the rear side of the excavator main body 10. By rotating the screw blade 21 in the tubular body 22, the excavated earth and sand is transported through the internal space of the tubular body 22 toward the rear side of the excavator main body 10 and diagonally upward. Since the excavated earth and sand carried in this way move in the space surrounded by the cylinder 22 all around, it does not spill out of the screw conveyor 20.

The earth and sand intake port 22a, which is an opening at the front end of the tubular body 22, is connected to a discharge port 12a formed in the partition wall 12. The earth and sand intake port 22a is an opening for taking in the excavated earth and sand stored in the chamber 17 into the cylinder 22. On the other hand, the rear end of the tubular body 22 is connected to the drive unit 25. Further, a sediment discharge port 22b is provided on the lower side of the peripheral surface (near the front of the drive unit 25) at the rear of the cylinder 22. The earth and sand discharge port 22b is an opening for discharging the excavated earth and sand carried to the rear side in the cylinder 22 by the screw blade 21 to the outside of the cylinder 22. The excavated earth and sand discharged from the earth and sand discharge port 22b are transported toward the rear of the excavator main body 10 by a separate transportation device (not shown) such as a belt conveyor or a transport vehicle.

The drive unit 25 is composed of a drive device such as a motor that rotationally drives the screw blades 21. The drive unit 25 is attached to the rear end of the tubular body 22 and rotatably supports the screw blade 21. By rotating the screw blade 21 by the drive unit 25, the excavated earth and sand are transported from the front side to the rear side in the cylinder 22 by the screw blade 21.

Here, the slide mechanism 26 provided on the screw conveyor 20 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the screw blade 21 is advanced by the slide mechanism 26 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the screw blade 21 is retracted by the slide mechanism 26 according to the present embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the slide mechanism 26 is a mechanism for sliding the screw blade 21 in the tubular body 22 in the axial direction. The slide mechanism 26 includes a front cylinder 23, a rear cylinder 24, a slide jack 27, a detent device 28, and a spacer 29.

In the screw conveyor 20 according to the present embodiment, the tubular body 22 is divided into a front tubular body 23 and a rear tubular body 24 in order to form the slide mechanism 26. The front cylinder 23 and the rear cylinder 24 are substantially cylindrical members with both ends opened, respectively. The front cylinder 23 and the rear cylinder 24 are slidably connected in the axial direction so that the rear portion of the front cylinder 23 and the front portion of the rear cylinder 24 overlap each other. That is, the portion where the front cylinder 23 and the rear cylinder 24 overlap has a double cylinder structure. In the portion of the double cylinder structure, for example, the rear cylinder 24 has a larger diameter than the front cylinder 23. The front cylinder 23 and the rear cylinder 24 overlap each other so that the rear portion of the front cylinder 23 becomes the inner cylinder and the front portion of the rear cylinder 24 becomes the outer cylinder.

Then, the opening at the front end of the front cylinder 23 becomes the earth and sand intake port 22a connected to the discharge port 12a of the partition wall 12. The front cylinder 23 communicates with the chamber 17 through the earth and sand intake port 22a. Further, the drive unit 25 is mounted on the rear end of the rear cylinder 24, and the earth and sand discharge port 22b is provided on the peripheral surface of the rear portion of the rear cylinder 24.

The front tubular body 23 is a fixed member fixed to the excavator main body 10, while the rear tubular body 24 is a movable member provided so as to be slidable in the axial direction. The front cylinder 23 may be directly fixed to the excavator main body 10 or may be indirectly fixed to the excavator main body 10 via the partition wall 12. In the slide mechanism 26 according to the present embodiment, the front cylinder 23 (fixing member) and the rear cylinder 24 (movable member) are connected so as to be axially expandable, and the rear cylinder 24 and the screw blade 21 are connected to the front cylinder 21. It has a structure that is relatively slidable in the axial direction with respect to 23. In order to realize such a slide mechanism 26, a slide jack 27 and a detent device 28 are installed on the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body 22. Further, if necessary, a spacer 29 for limiting the relative movement between the front cylinder 23 and the rear cylinder 24 is detachably attached to the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 22.

The slide jack 27 is arranged, for example, on the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body 22 so as to extend in the axial direction (longitudinal direction) of the tubular body 22. In the examples of FIGS. 1 to 3, for convenience of explanation, a state in which one slide jack 27 is provided on the upper side of the tubular body 22 is shown, but a plurality of slide jacks 27 are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the tubular body 22. A slide jack 27 may be provided. The number and arrangement of the slide jacks 27 are not limited to the illustrated examples, and can be changed as appropriate.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the slide jack 27 includes a cylinder 27a and a piston rod 27b that can be expanded and contracted with respect to the cylinder 27a. The front end of the cylinder 27a of the slide jack 27 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the front cylinder 23, and the rear end of the piston rod 27b of the slide jack 27 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rear cylinder 24. With such a configuration, the rear cylinder 24 can be moved (that is, slides) relative to the front cylinder 23 in the axial direction according to the expansion / contraction of the slide jack 27.

The detent device 28 is a device for preventing the front cylinder 23 and the rear cylinder 24 from rotating relative to each other. The detent device 28 is arranged so as to straddle between the front cylinder 23 and the rear cylinder 24, for example, on the lower side of the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 22. However, the number and arrangement of the detent devices 28 are not limited to the illustrated examples, and can be changed as appropriate.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the detent device 28 includes a fixing portion 28a, a rail portion 28b, and a movable portion 28c. The fixing portion 28a is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the front tubular body 23. The rail portion 28b is arranged so as to extend in the axial direction of the tubular body 22, and is supported by the fixing portion 28a. The front end of the rail portion 28b is fixed to the fixing portion 28a. The movable portion 28c is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rear tubular body 24 and is slidably attached to the rail portion 28b in the axial direction. When the rear cylinder 24 is slid in the axial direction with respect to the front cylinder 23 in response to the expansion and contraction of the slide jack 27, the movable portion 28c slides in the axial direction along the rail portion 28b. When the rear cylinder 24 is slid in the axial direction with respect to the front cylinder 23 by the detent device 28 having such a configuration, the front cylinder 23 and the rear cylinder 24 rotate in the circumferential direction with respect to each other. Can be prevented.

As shown in FIG. 3, the spacer 29 is an annular member that is detachably attached to the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body 22. The spacer 29 has a function of limiting the relative movement of the front cylinder 23 and the rear cylinder 24 in the axial direction. Specifically, an annular flange 23a is projected on the outer peripheral surface on the rear side of the front tubular body 23, and an annular flange 24a is also projected on the outer peripheral surface of the front end portion of the rear tubular body 24. There is. As shown in FIG. 3, when the rear cylinder 24 is slid rearward, the spacer 29 is mounted so as to be sandwiched between the flange 23a of the front cylinder 23 and the flange 24a of the rear cylinder 24. To. By attaching such a spacer 29, it is possible to prevent the rear cylinder 24 from slipping diagonally downward toward the front cylinder 23 due to vibration of the screw conveyor 20 or the like.

<3. Sliding operation of screw blades>
Here, with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, the operation of the slide mechanism 26 having the above configuration and the arrangement of the screw blades 21 will be described in more detail.

By contracting the slide jack 27 of the slide mechanism 26, the rear cylinder 24 slides axially forward with respect to the front cylinder 23, as shown in FIG. As a result, the tubular body 22 contracts in the axial direction as a whole. At this time, since the flange 23a of the front cylinder 23 and the flange 24a of the rear cylinder 24 come into contact with each other, further movement of the rear cylinder 24 in the axial direction with respect to the front cylinder 23 is restricted.

When the rear cylinder 24 is slid forward in the axial direction in this way, the screw blade 21 connected to the drive unit 25 fixed to the rear cylinder 24 slides forward in the axial direction together with the rear cylinder 24. Advance in the cylinder 22. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the screw blade 21 is arranged in the forward position, and the tip 21a of the screw blade 21 protrudes from the discharge port 12a at the front end of the tubular body 22 and is arranged in the chamber 17.

When the screw blade 21 is arranged in the forward position in this way, by rotating the screw blade 21, the excavated earth and sand stored in the chamber 17 is efficiently taken into the cylinder 22 and rearward. Can be transported to. Therefore, when the excavated earth and sand are transported by the screw conveyor 20, it is preferable that the screw blade 21 is advanced by the slide mechanism 26 and arranged at the forward position as shown in FIG.

On the other hand, by extending the slide jack 27, as shown in FIG. 3, the rear cylinder 24 slides rearward in the axial direction with respect to the front cylinder 23. As a result, the tubular body 22 extends in the axial direction as a whole. By attaching the spacer 29 to the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body 22 in this extended state, it is possible to limit the axially forward movement of the rear tubular body 24 with respect to the front tubular body 23 and maintain the extended state of the tubular body 22. ..

When the rear cylinder 24 is slid rearward in the axial direction in this way, the screw blade 21 slides rearward in the axial direction together with the rear cylinder 24 and retracts in the cylinder 22. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the screw blade 21 is arranged in the retracted position, and the tip 21a of the screw blade 21 is pulled into the tip of the cylinder 22 (front cylinder 23), and the discharge port 12a and the earth and sand are drawn. It is arranged at a position retracted by a predetermined distance rearward from the intake port 22a.

In this way, when the screw blade 21 is retracted to the retracted position, a hollow space 30 in which the screw blade 21 does not exist is formed in the tip portion of the tubular body 22 (front tubular body 23). This space 30 can be effectively used as a crushing space (hereinafter, referred to as a crushing space 30) for fixing a crushing object such as a boulder 2 at a predetermined position other than the chamber 17 and crushing the object. As shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 3, the crushing space 30 is separated from the earth and sand intake port 22a at the front end of the cylinder 22 by a predetermined distance in the internal space at the tip of the cylinder 22 of the screw conveyor 20. Refers to the hollow space up to the position. The crushing space 30 can accommodate a crushed object such as a boulder 2 having a size equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the tubular body 22.

Therefore, when crushing an object to be crushed such as boulder 2 contained in excavated earth and sand, the rotation of the screw blade 21 is stopped, and the screw blade 21 is retracted axially rearward as shown in FIG. 3 and arranged at the retracted position. However, it is preferable to form a crushing space 30 in which the screw blade 21 does not exist in the tip end portion of the tubular body 22. By securing the crushing space 30 in the tip of the cylinder 22, a crushing object such as a boulder 2 having a size smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder 22 can be introduced from the chamber 17 into the tip of the cylinder 22. When the crushing object is arranged in the crushing space 30, the crushing object is preferably pressed by the pressing device described later and firmly fixed at a predetermined position by the pressing device or the rock drilling device described later. You will be able to crush it.

It is possible to secure a crushing space 30 in the tip of the tubular body 22 without providing the slide mechanism 26 as described above. When the slide mechanism 26 is not provided, the total length of the screw blade 21 is shortened as compared with the case where the slide mechanism 26 is provided, and the tip 21a of the screw blade 21 is located behind the crushing space 30 in the tip of the tubular body 22. The structure may be such that the screw blades 21 are arranged so as to be located. As a result, the crushing space 30 can be secured in the tip end portion of the tubular body 22 without providing the slide mechanism 26.

Next, an example of a method of moving a crushing object such as a boulder 2 existing in the chamber 17 to a crushing space 30 in the tip portion of the tubular body 22 will be described.

From the state in which the screw blade 21 is advanced as shown in FIG. 2, the screw blade 21 is retracted and pulled into the tubular body 22 as shown in FIG. A non-existent crushing space 30 is created. In this state, by rotating the cutter head 11, the excavated earth and sand accumulated in the chamber 17 are agitated by the stirring blade (not shown) provided on the rear surface of the cutter head 11. At this time, the boulder 2 existing in the lower part of the chamber 17 can be pushed into the crushing space 30 in the cylinder 22 by the stirring blade.

Further, by retracting the screw blade 21 and pulling it into the cylinder 22, the excavated earth and sand in the chamber 17 flows into the cylinder 22 through the discharge port 12a. In some cases, the boulder 2 can be moved from the chamber 17 to the crushing space 30 in the cylinder 22 along with the flow of the excavated soil.

Further, in the tunnel excavator 1, earth pressure and mud pressure act on the excavated earth and sand in the chamber 17. Further, even when the earth pressure or the like is small, the pressure acts on the excavated earth and sand near the discharge port 12a at the lower part of the chamber 17 due to the own weight of the excavated earth and sand. The boulder 2 can be moved from the chamber 17 to the crushing space 30 in the cylinder 22 together with the excavated earth and sand by these earth pressures and the pressure due to its own weight.

Further, in order to forcibly move the boulder 2 in the chamber 17 into the cylinder 22 through the discharge port 12a, a separate additional device (for example, a pushing device) may be provided in the chamber 17 or the partition wall 12. With this additional device, the boulder 2 in the chamber 17 can be reliably moved to the crushing space 30 in the cylinder 22.

<4. Gate device configuration and operation>
Next, the gate device 31 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the periphery of the tip of the screw conveyor 20 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a view taken along the line AA of FIG. Note that in FIG. 4, the screw blade 21 is not shown.

As shown in FIG. 4, at the connection point between the tip of the tubular body 22 (front tubular body 23) of the screw conveyor 20 and the partition wall 12, the earth and sand intake port 22a at the front end of the tubular body 22 and the partition wall 12 are formed. The discharge port 12a is continuously arranged. Through the discharge port 12a (earth and sand intake port 22a), the chamber 17 in front of the partition wall 12 and the internal space of the tubular body 22 behind the partition wall 12 communicate with each other.

A gate device 31 is provided at the discharge port 12a. The gate device 31 is a device for opening and closing the discharge port 12a (earth and sand intake port 22a) that communicates the chamber 17 with the internal space of the tubular body 22.

As shown in FIG. 5, the gate device 31 includes a pair of left and right gate plates 32 and 33, a pair of upper and lower guide portions 34 and 35, and a pair of left and right gate jacks 36 and 37.

The gate plates 32 and 33 are made of, for example, a rectangular plate, and are slidably provided on both left and right sides.

The guide portions 34 and 35 are arranged apart from each other in the vertical direction. The rail surface 34a on the lower surface side of the guide portion 34 and the rail surface 35a on the upper surface side of the guide portion 35 face each other, and both are formed in a V shape. The upper and lower surfaces of the gate plates 32 and 33 have a shape that can be fitted to the rail surfaces 34a and 35a of the guide portions 34 and 35. Further, the gate plates 32 and 33 have a shape in which the inner side surfaces of the gate plates 32 and 33 facing each other can come into contact with each other without a gap while being fitted to the guide portions 34 and 35. The gate plates 32 and 33 can slide in a predetermined direction (for example, in the inclination direction of the rail surfaces 34a and 35a of the guide portions 34 and 35 formed in a V shape) while being guided by the guide portions 34 and 35.

The gate jacks 36 and 37 are provided corresponding to the gate plates 32 and 33, respectively. The gate jacks 36, 37 are composed of, for example, hydraulic, pneumatic or electric actuators, and generate a driving force for sliding the gate plates 32, 33. In the illustrated example, two gate jacks 36, 36 are installed corresponding to the gate plate 32 on one side, and two gate jacks 37, 37 are installed corresponding to the gate plate 33 on the other side. .. The number of gate jacks 36 and 37 installed is not limited to this example, and may be one or three or more. Further, the moving mechanism for sliding the gate plates 32 and 33 is not limited to the examples of the gate jacks 36 and 37 according to the present embodiment, and for example, other types of actuators, a ball screw mechanism and a motor. Any movement mechanism such as a combination can be used.

The gate jacks 36 and 37 are provided with cylinders 36a and 37a, respectively, and piston rods 36b and 37b that can be expanded and contracted with respect to the cylinders 36a and 37a, respectively. The cylinders 36a and 37a are fixed to, for example, the partition wall 12. The tips of the piston rods 36b and 37b are attached to the gate plates 32 and 33. The expansion and contraction directions of the piston rods 36b and 37b coincide with the slide directions of the gate plates 32 and 33.

With this configuration, the gate devices 31 can be opened and closed by sliding the gate plates 32 and 33 along the guide portions 34 and 35 by the gate jacks 36 and 37. By opening and closing the gate device 31, the discharge port 12a (earth and sand intake port 22a) is opened or closed.

Specifically, when the gate plates 32 and 33 are at the positions shown by the solid lines in FIG. 5, the gate device 31 is closed and the discharge port 12a is closed by the gate plates 32 and 33. As a result, the chamber 17 and the internal space of the tubular body 22 are cut off. On the other hand, when the gate plates 32 and 33 are at the positions shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 5, the gate device 31 is opened and the discharge port 12a is opened. As a result, the chamber 17 and the internal space of the tubular body 22 are in communication with each other.

When the excavated earth and sand are transported by the screw conveyor 20, the gate device 31 is opened, the discharge port 12a is opened, and the screw blade 21 is rotated. As a result, the excavated earth and sand in the chamber 17 is taken into the cylinder 22 of the screw conveyor 20 through the discharge port 12a, and then transported to the rear inside the cylinder 22.

On the other hand, when the excavated earth and sand are not transported or when the object to be crushed such as the boulder 2 contained in the excavated earth and sand is crushed, it is preferable to close the discharge port 12a by the gate device 31 to stop the rotation of the screw blade 21. As a result, the excavated earth and sand and the boulder 2 in the cylinder 22 of the screw conveyor 20 can be prevented from flowing back to the chamber 17 side. Therefore, the movement of the crushed object such as the boulder 2 housed in the crushing space 30 in the tip end portion of the tubular body 22 can be restricted so as not to escape to the chamber 17 side. Therefore, the crushing object such as the boulder 2 can be suitably crushed in the crushing space 30 in the cylinder 22.

<5. Pressing device configuration>
Next, the pressing device 40 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. Note that in FIGS. 6 and 7, the screw blade 21 is not shown.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the tunnel excavator 1 according to the present embodiment includes, for example, two pressing devices 40A and 40B (hereinafter, may be collectively referred to as a pressing device 40). The pressing device 40 presses a crushed object such as a boulder 2 in the crushing space 30 in the cylinder 22. The pressing device 40 has a function as a fixing device for fixing the boulder 2 at a predetermined position in the crushing space 30 by such a pressing operation, and a function as a crushing device for crushing the boulder 2 by applying a compressive force.

The pressing device 40 according to the present embodiment can be composed of, for example, a crusher (crusher) capable of crushing by pressing an object, and more specifically, a hydraulic crusher jack. However, the pressing device 40 is not limited to such an example, and may be configured by an electric or pneumatic crusher (crusher) or the like. Alternatively, the pressing device 40 may be composed of various known pressing devices as long as it can press the object to be crushed from at least one direction.

The pressing devices 40A and 40B according to the present embodiment include base portions 41A and 41B, cylinders 42A and 42B, piston rods 43A and 43B, pressing portions 44A and 44B, and casings 45A and 45B, respectively. In the following description, each of these parts may be collectively referred to as a base part 41, a cylinder 42, a piston rod 43, a pressing part 44, and a casing 45, respectively.

The base portion 41 is attached to the excavator main body 10 and supports the entire pressing device 40. For example, the base portion 41 may be indirectly attached to the excavator main body 10 via the front tubular body 23, or may be directly attached to the excavator main body 10. By fixing the base portion 41 indirectly or directly to the excavator main body 10, it is possible to obtain a reaction force for pressing the boulder 2 by the pressing device 40.

The cylinder 42 and the piston rod 43 are composed of, for example, a hydraulic, pneumatic or electric actuator, and generate a driving force for advancing and retreating the pressing portion 44. The cylinder 42 expands and contracts in the axial direction with respect to the piston rod 43 by the driving force of the hydraulic mechanism or the like provided in the cylinder 42. One end of the piston rod 43 is fixed to the base portion 41, and the other end of the piston rod 43 is arranged in the cylinder 42. As the cylinder 42 expands and contracts with respect to the piston rod 43, the cylinder 42 moves relative to the base portion 41 in the axial direction.

A pressing portion 44 is provided at the tip of the cylinder 42 on the front cylinder 23 side. The pressing portion 44 is a pressing member (pressing head) provided at the tip of the pressing device 40 and pressed against a crushed object such as a boulder 2.

The pressing portion 44 may be composed of, for example, a disk-shaped member having a diameter larger than that of the cylinder 42. It is preferable to make the pressing portion 44 into a disk shape and widen the area of the pressing surface because it becomes easy to press and pinch the crushed object such as the boulder 2. However, the shape of the pressing portion 44 is not limited to the illustrated example, and any shape such as a rectangular plate shape, a rod shape, a weight shape, or a hook shape can be used as long as it can be pressed in contact with the object to be crushed. There may be. Further, the pressing surface (the surface that comes into contact with the object to be crushed) at the tip of the pressing portion 44 may be a flat surface, but a curved surface having a concave central portion in accordance with the shape of the massive boulder 2 or the like, substantially It may be spherical or the like.

The pressing portion 44 is provided so as to be able to advance and retreat toward the crushing space 30 in the front cylinder 23, and presses the boulder 2 arranged in the crushing space 30. The expansion / contraction direction of the cylinder 42 and the advancing / retreating direction of the pressing portion 44 are the same, and this direction is the pressing direction (first direction) for pressing the object to be crushed. When the cylinder 42 is extended with respect to the piston rod 43, the pressing portion 44 advances toward the crushing space 30 in the front cylinder 23 along the pressing direction, and the pressing position in the crushing space 30 (FIG. 6). , The position indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 7). On the other hand, when the cylinder 42 is contracted with respect to the piston rod 43, the pressing portion 44 retracts from the crushing space 30 toward the outside of the front cylinder 23 along the pressing direction, and is retracted (FIGS. 6, FIG. It is arranged at the position indicated by the solid line of 7.

It is preferable to adjust the pressing positions (positions shown by the alternate long and short dash lines in FIGS. 6 and 7) of the pressing portions 44A and 44B so that the two pressing portions 44A and 44B do not come into contact with each other. The purpose of advancing and retreating the pressing portions 44A and 44B is to crush an object to be crushed such as boulder 2, and for this purpose, the two pressing portions 44A and 44B do not need to come into contact with each other. Further, if the two pressing portions 44A and 44B have a structure in which they come into contact with each other, a pressing load is unnecessarily applied to the pressing unit 40 even when it has nothing to do with the crushing of the crushed object. It is preferable that the 44A and 44B have a structure in which they do not come into contact with each other.

The pressing device 40 may be provided with a detection device (stroke sensor or the like) that detects the advancing / retreating amount (stroke) of the pressing unit 44 in the advancing / retreating direction (pressing direction). Then, it is preferable to measure the amount of advance / retreat of the pressing portion 44 (specifically, the amount of movement of the cylinder 42 with respect to the piston rod 43 and the base portion 41) with a stroke sensor or the like. As a result, by confirming the stroke value of the pressing portion 44 when the object to be crushed is pressed, the size of the object to be crushed immediately before crushing, the size after crushing the object to be crushed, and whether the object to be crushed could be crushed. You can check the crushing status such as whether or not.

For example, the hydraulic pressure that moves the cylinder 42 on which the pressing portion 44 is mounted may be measured in relation to the stroke of the pressing portion 44. As a result, it is known that the time when the hydraulic pressure starts to rise is when the pressing portion 44 starts to hit the crushed object. Therefore, based on the stroke value at that time, the size of the crushed object immediately before crushing can be grasped. can do. Further, if the position where the pressing portion 44 is stopped (the stroke value of the pressing portion 44 at the time of the stop) can be confirmed while the pressing portion 44 is moved in the pressing direction and the pressing force is applied to the object to be crushed. Since the size of the crushed object after crushing (during the pressing force action) is known, it is possible to confirm whether or not the crushed object could be crushed.

Here, if the size of the object to be crushed immediately before crushing can be grasped as described above, for example, the size of the object to be crushed is a size that can be discharged by the screw conveyor 20 without operating the pressing device 40. In some cases, there is an advantage that it becomes possible to determine that it is not necessary to operate the pressing device 40. Further, if the size of the crushed object after crushing (during the pressing force action) can be confirmed as described above, for example, it can be confirmed whether or not the crushed object can be crushed to a size that can be discharged by the screw conveyor 20. Further, since the size of the object to be crushed is still large, there is an advantage that it is possible to determine whether or not it is necessary to continue the operation of the pressing device 40 and whether or not it is necessary to take measures by the rock drilling device 60 described later.

The casing 45 is attached to the outside of the front cylinder 23 and covers a part or all of the pressing portion 44, the cylinder 42, and the piston rod 43.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, in the present embodiment, two pressing devices 40A and 40B are arranged on the outside of the front cylinder 23 of the screw conveyor 20 adjacent to the front cylinder 23. The pressing device 40A (first pressing device) is arranged on one side (for example, the left side of the front cylinder 23) of the crushing space 30 at the tip of the front cylinder 23. The pressing device 40B (second pressing device) is arranged on the other side (for example, the right side of the front cylinder 23) of the crushing space 30. In this way, the pressing device 40A and the pressing device 40B are arranged on the left and right sides of the tip end portion of the front tubular body 23 so as to face each other in the horizontal direction.

Then, the pressing portions 44A and 44B of the pressing devices 40A and 40B can advance and retreat toward the crushing space 30 inside the front cylinder 23, respectively. In order to allow the pressing portions 44A and 44B to be inserted into the front cylinder 23, two insertion ports 50A and 50B (first insertion ports) are formed through the peripheral surface of the front cylinder 23.

The insertion ports 50A and 50B are openings for inserting the pressing portions 44A and 44B from the outside to the inside of the front cylinder 23, respectively. The insertion ports 50A and 50B have a size and a shape into which the pressing portions 44A and 44B can be inserted. The shapes of the insertion ports 50A and 50B are circular, for example, according to the shapes of the pressing portions 44A and 44B, but can be changed to any shape such as an ellipse.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the insertion openings 50A and 50B are formed at positions facing the left and right sides of the crushing space 30 on the peripheral surface of the front cylinder 23. Pressing devices 40A and 40B are arranged at positions corresponding to the insertion ports 50A and 50B.

Further, it is preferable to install an opening / closing device (first opening / closing device) for opening / closing the insertion ports 50A and 50B (hereinafter, may be collectively referred to as the insertion port 50). As the opening / closing device of the insertion port 50, any opening / closing device such as a gate device, a valve, and a shutter device can be used.

Here, a specific example of the opening / closing device of the insertion port 50 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing an operation of transporting excavated earth and sand by the screw conveyor 20 in a state where the insertion ports 50A and 50B are closed by the opening / closing devices 51A and 51B according to the present embodiment. FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing an operation of crushing the boulder 2 by the pressing device 40 in a state where the insertion ports 50A and 50B are opened by the opening / closing devices 51A and 51B according to the present embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, two switchgear 51A and 51B (hereinafter, switchgear 51) that open and close two insertion ports 50A and 50B, respectively, on the peripheral surface of the tip end portion of the front cylinder 23 of the screw conveyor 20. In some cases, it is collectively referred to as). The switchgear 51A and 51B are composed of, for example, a slide type gate device.

The switchgear 51A and 51B include gate plates 52A and 52B and jacks 53A and 53B for opening and closing, respectively. The opening / closing jacks 53A and 53B include cylinders 54A and 54B, and piston rods 55A and 55B that can be expanded and contracted with respect to the cylinders 54A and 54B, respectively. In the following description, these parts may be collectively referred to as a gate plate 52, an opening / closing jack 53, a cylinder 54, and a piston rod 55.

The gate plate 52 is made of, for example, a plate having a shape corresponding to the insertion port 50. The gate plate 52 is arranged around the insertion port 50, and is provided so as to be slidable in the axial direction of the screw conveyor 20, for example. The gate plate 52 functions as a lid that closes the insertion port 50.

The opening / closing jack 53 is provided corresponding to the gate plate 52. The opening / closing jack 53 is composed of, for example, a hydraulic, pneumatic or electric actuator, and generates a driving force for sliding the gate plate 52. The opening / closing jack 53 includes a cylinder 54 and a piston rod 55 that can be expanded and contracted with respect to the cylinder 54. The cylinder 54 is fixed to, for example, the outer peripheral surface of the front cylinder 23. The tip of the piston rod 55 is fixed to the gate plate 52. As shown in FIG. 8, when the piston rod 55 is extended, the gate plate 52 slides forward in the axial direction and is arranged at a position where the insertion port 50 is closed. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9, when the piston rod 55 is contracted, the gate plate 52 slides rearward in the axial direction and is arranged at a position where the insertion port 50 is opened.

The opening / closing device 51 having such a configuration can open / close the insertion port 50 by sliding the gate plate 52 in the axial direction of the screw conveyor 20 by the opening / closing jack 53. Here, the opening / closing device 51 can open / close the insertion port 50 according to the operating state of the tunnel excavator 1 and the screw conveyor 20.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, when excavated earth and sand are transported by the screw conveyor 20, the pressing portion 44 of the pressing device 40 is retracted to the outside of the front cylinder 23, and the gate plate 52 of the opening / closing device 51 is used. Close the insertion slot 50. As a result, it is possible to prevent the excavated earth and sand carried in the screw conveyor 20 from flowing out through the insertion port 50.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9, when crushing an object to be crushed such as boulder 2 in the crushing space 30 in the front cylinder 23, the gate plate 52 of the opening / closing device 51 is slid to open the insertion port 50. As a result, the pressing portion 44 of the pressing device 40 can be inserted into the inside of the front cylinder 23 from the outside of the front cylinder 23 through the insertion port 50 to enter the crushing space 30. Then, the pressing portion 44 of the pressing device 40 is advanced in the pressing direction through the insertion port 50 and pressed against a crushing object such as a boulder 2 arranged in the crushing space 30. As a result, the boulder 2 and the like can be crushed by being pressed by the pressing portions 44A and 44B of the pair of left and right pressing devices 40A and 40B so as to sandwich the object to be crushed such as the boulder 2 from both sides.

Here, the pressing device 40 crushes (that is, compressively breaks) the crushed object by applying compressive stress to the crushed object such as the boulder 2 so as to sandwich it from both the left and right sides. For example, when the object to be crushed is gravel, the pressing device 40 can crush the gravel by pressing. Further, when the object to be crushed is a soil mass, the pressing device 40 can push down the soil mass by pressing. However, when the object to be crushed is a foreign substance such as hard or high-strength gravel, the object to be crushed may not be crushed by the pressing force of the pressing device 40. In this case, it is also possible to crush the crushed object by hitting the crushed object with the rock drilling device described later in a state where the crushed object is sandwiched and fixed from both sides by the pressing device 40. be.

In the examples shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a drive mechanism such as an opening / closing jack 53 is provided for mechanically moving the gate plate 52, but the present invention is not limited to this example. For example, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the insertion port 50 may be opened and closed by manually moving the gate plate 52 without providing the drive mechanism.

Next, a preferable shape of the pressing portion 44 of the pressing device 40 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12. FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a pressing device 40 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an example of a plurality of protrusions formed on the pressing portion 44 of the pressing device 40 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing another example of a plurality of protrusions formed on the pressing portion 44 of the pressing device 40 according to the present embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of protrusions 46 made of a hard material are formed on the front surfaces (contact surfaces abutting the crushed object) of the pressing portions 44A and 44B of the pressing devices 40A and 40B. preferable.

For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the protrusion 46 may be composed of a saw blade-shaped protrusion 46A. In the example of FIG. 11, a plurality of saw blade-shaped protrusions 46A that undulate in one direction are formed on the front surface of the pressing portion 44. Further, as shown in FIG. 12, the protrusion 46 may be composed of a cone-shaped protrusion 46B. In the example of FIG. 12, a large number of quadrangular pyramid-shaped protrusions 46B are formed vertically and horizontally on the front surface of the pressing portion 44. The pyramid-shaped protrusion 46B may have a triangular pyramid shape, a polygonal pyramid shape, a conical shape, or the like, in addition to the quadrangular pyramid shape as shown in FIG.

By providing such a protrusion 46, when the pressing portion 44 of the pressing device 40 is pressed against a crushed object such as a boulder 2, the tips of the plurality of protrusions 46 of the pressing portion 44 are made to bite into the crushed object. be able to. Therefore, since the object to be crushed slips against the pressing portion 44 and is difficult to escape, the object to be crushed can be reliably pressed and sandwiched by the pressing portion 44. Further, by forming the protrusion 46 on the pressing portion 44 and reducing the area at the beginning of contact with the crushed object, a concentrated load can be locally applied to the crushed object. As a result, when the protrusion 46 bites into the object to be crushed, the object to be crushed can be cracked to form a starting point of fracture, so that the object to be crushed can be crushed more reliably.

<6. Rock drilling equipment configuration>
Next, the rock drilling device 60 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14. FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing an operation of transporting excavated soil in a state where the rock drilling device 60 according to the present embodiment is retracted. FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing an operation of crushing the boulder 2 by the rock drilling device 60 in a state where the rock drilling device 60 according to the present embodiment is advanced.

When the object to be crushed such as boulder 2 is hard, the object to be crushed may not be crushed by the pressing operation of the pressing device 40 described above. Therefore, the tunnel excavator 1 according to the present embodiment includes, for example, a rock drilling device 60 as a preliminary auxiliary device for surely crushing the crushed object of the boulder 2. If the object to be crushed can be crushed by the pressing device 40, the rock drilling device 60 may not be provided.

The rock drilling device 60 functions as a crushing device that applies an impact force to the crushed object and crushes the crushed object by hitting the crushed object such as boulder 2. As shown in FIG. 14, the rock drilling device 60 according to the present embodiment has a predetermined striking direction (second direction) with respect to a crushed object such as a boulder 2 arranged in a crushing space 30 in the cylinder 22. Is crushed by giving an impact force (batter) to. At this time, the crushed object such as the boulder 2 hit by the rock drilling device 60 is pressed in the pressing direction (first direction) by the two pressing devices 40A and 40B in the crushing space 30 in the tubular body 22, and is left and right. It is in a state of being sandwiched from both sides (see FIG. 9). In this way, the rock drilling device 60 applies an impact force to the crushed object sandwiched by the pressing devices 40A and 40B in a striking direction (second direction) different from the pressing direction (first direction). And crush. In the present embodiment, for example, the pressing direction (first direction) by the pressing device 40 is the left-right direction (see FIG. 9), and the striking direction (second direction) by the rock drilling device 60 is diagonally downward on the front side (see FIG. 14). ), And the first direction and the second direction are different directions from each other. The configuration and crushing operation of the rock drilling device 60 will be described in detail below.

The rock drilling device 60 crushes (that is, impact fractures) the crushed object by applying an impact force to the crushed object such as boulder 2. The rock drilling device 60 is composed of, for example, a hydraulic rock drilling machine (breaker). However, the rock drilling device is not limited to such an example, and may be composed of, for example, an electric or pneumatic rock drilling machine (breaker). Alternatively, the rock drilling device may be composed of, for example, various known breakers, striking devices, rotary striking devices, drill devices, and the like, as long as it is a device capable of applying an impact force to the object to be crushed.

As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the rock drilling device 60 according to the present embodiment includes a rod 61, a rock drilling device main body 62, and an actuator 63 for the rock drilling device.

The rod 61 is a rod-shaped member attached to the rock drilling device main body 62. The rod 61 has a function of contacting the object to be crushed and transmitting the impact force (striking force) generated by the rock drilling device main body 62 to the object to be crushed. The material of the rod 61 is preferably a hard metal material such as steel or iron. The rear end of the rod 61 is attached to the rock drilling device main body 62. A hard bit may be provided at the tip of the rod 61. The tip of the rod 61 according to the present embodiment has, for example, a sharp weight shape and has a shape that easily penetrates into the object to be crushed. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the tip shape of the rod 61 may be changed to another shape such as a flat shape or a curved surface shape.

The rock drilling device main body 62 is composed of, for example, a hydraulic breaker or the like, and a hydraulic mechanism moves a piston at a high speed to generate an impact force (striking force). By striking the rear end of the rod 61 with the rock drilling device main body 62, the striking force (impact force) is transmitted to the rod 61 and applied to the crushed object in contact with the tip of the rod 61.

The rock drilling device actuator 63 has a function of moving (advancing / retreating) the rod 61 and the rock drilling device main body 62 in a predetermined advancing / retreating direction (second direction). The rock drilling device actuator 63 is composed of, for example, a hydraulic, pneumatic or electric actuator, and generates a driving force for moving the rod 61 and the rock drilling device main body 62. For example, the rock drilling device actuator 63 includes a cylinder and a piston rod that can be expanded and contracted with respect to the cylinder. The cylinder is fixed to, for example, the beam 18 of the excavator main body 10, and the rock drilling device main body 62 is attached to the piston rod. The rock drilling device actuator 63 is tilted at a predetermined tilt angle so that the expansion / contraction direction of the rock drilling device actuator 63 coincides with the advancing / retreating direction (second direction: striking direction) of the rod 61.

By extending the rock drilling device actuator 63, the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 can be advanced in the second direction toward the crushing space 30 in the tip portion of the tubular body 22. On the other hand, by contracting the rock drilling device actuator 63, the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 can be retracted from the crushing space 30 in the second direction. In the present embodiment, the rod 61 and the rock drilling device main body 62 can be mechanically moved back and forth by providing the rock drilling device 60 with an actuator 63 for the rock drilling device. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the rod 61 is manually expanded and contracted by manually expanding and contracting the rod 61 and the support member supporting the rock drilling device main body 62 without installing a moving mechanism such as the rock drilling device actuator 63. May be moved in the second direction.

An insertion port 70 (second insertion port) for inserting the rod 61 from the outside to the inside of the cylinder 22 is provided on the peripheral surface of the cylinder 22 of the screw conveyor 20. Specifically, one insertion port 70 is formed through the upper side of the peripheral surface of the front cylinder 23 of the screw conveyor 20 (see FIG. 4). The insertion port 70 has a diameter and shape large enough to allow the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 to be inserted. By providing such an insertion port 70, the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 can move forward and backward in the second direction toward the crushing space 30.

The insertion port 70 (second insertion port) is formed on the peripheral surface of the front tubular body 23 at a position different from the two insertion ports 50A and 50B (first insertion port) for the pressing device 40. For example, in the present embodiment, the pressing devices 40A and 40B are arranged to face each other on the left and right sides of the front cylinder 23 of the screw conveyor 20, and the rock drilling device 60 is inclined to be arranged above the front cylinder 23. Therefore, the two insertion ports 50A and 50B (first insertion ports) for the pressing device 40 are formed at positions on both the left and right sides of the crushing space 30 corresponding to the arrangement of the pressing devices 40A and 40B. On the other hand, one insertion port 70 (second insertion port) for the rock drilling device 60 is formed at a position above the crushing space 30 corresponding to the arrangement of the rock drilling device 60.

Further, the advancing / retreating directions of the pressing portions 44A and 44B of the pressing devices 40A and 40B are in the left-right direction (first direction) with reference to the crushing space 30 as described above (see FIGS. 7, 9, etc.). On the other hand, the advancing / retreating direction of the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 is an inclined direction (second direction) inclined toward the rear side of the excavator main body 10 with reference to the crushing space 30 (see FIGS. 13 and 14). ). In this way, the pressing device is such that the advancing / retreating direction (first direction) of the pressing portion 44 of the pressing device 40 and the advancing / retreating direction (second direction) of the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 are different from each other. The arrangement of 40 and the rock drilling device 60 has been adjusted.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the insertion port 50 (first insertion port) for the pressing device 40 and the insertion port 70 (second insertion port) for the rock drilling device 60 are the cylinder 22 of the screw conveyor 20. The advancing / retreating direction (first direction) of the pressing portion 44 of the pressing device 40 and the advancing / retreating direction (second direction) of the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 are mutually arranged at different positions on the peripheral surface of the rock drilling device 40. It is adjusted to be in a different direction. In addition to this, even when the two pressing portions 44A and 44B move to the pressing positions (positions indicated by the alternate long and short dash lines in FIGS. 6 and 7) in the crushing space 30, there is a gap between the two pressing portions 44A and 44B. The gap is adjusted so that the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 can enter. With such a configuration, when both the pressing portion 44 of the pressing device 40 and the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 are advanced toward the crushing space 30, they do not interfere with each other. Therefore, the two pressing portions 44 of the pressing device 40 press and sandwich the crushed object such as the boulder 2 arranged in the crushing space 30 from both sides in the first direction (see FIG. 9). The rod 61 of the rock device 60 can be brought into contact with the object to be crushed from the second direction (see FIGS. 4 and 14). Therefore, the pressing operation by the pressing device 40 and the crushing operation by the rock drilling device 60 can be executed at the same time.

Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, an opening / closing device 71 (second opening / closing device) for opening / closing the insertion port 70 (second insertion port) for the rock drilling device 60 is provided.

The switchgear 71 can be composed of, for example, a ball valve. In this case, the switchgear 71 includes a front pipe 72 attached to the insertion port 70, a rear pipe 73 serving as an insertion port for the rod 61, and a ball valve 74 installed between the front pipe 72 and the rear pipe 73. To be equipped. When the ball valve 74 is opened, the front pipe 72 and the rear pipe 73 communicate with each other, and as a result, the internal space of the front cylinder 23 communicates with the outside through the front pipe 72, the rear pipe 73, and the insertion port 70. On the other hand, when the ball valve 74 is closed, the front pipe 72 and the rear pipe 73 are blocked and the insertion port 70 is closed, so that the internal space of the front cylinder 23 does not communicate with the outside.

The opening / closing device 71 having such a configuration can open / close the insertion port 70 by the ball valve 74. The ball valve 74 of the switchgear 71 is normally closed, but is opened when the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 is inserted into the cylinder 22. Here, the opening / closing device 71 can open / close the insertion port 70 according to the operating state of the tunnel excavator 1 and the screw conveyor 20.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 13, when excavated earth and sand are transported by the screw conveyor 20, the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 is moved diagonally upward on the rear side and retracted to the outside of the front cylinder 23. Then, the insertion port 70 is closed by the ball valve 74 of the opening / closing device 71. As a result, it is possible to prevent the excavated earth and sand carried in the screw conveyor 20 from flowing out through the insertion port 70.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 14, when crushing an object to be crushed such as boulder 2 in the crushing space 30 in the front cylinder 23, the insertion port 70 is opened by the ball valve 74 of the opening / closing device 71. As a result, the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 can be inserted into the front cylinder 23 from the outside of the front cylinder 23 through the rear pipe 73, the front pipe 72 and the insertion port 70 to enter the crushing space 30. It will be possible. Then, the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 is moved diagonally downward on the front side, inserted into the front cylinder 23 through the insertion port 70, and brought into contact with a crushed object such as a boulder 2 arranged in the crushing space 30. As a result, the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 can hit a crushed object such as a boulder 2 and apply an impact force to crush it.

In the examples shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the ball valve 74 is used as the opening / closing device 71 of the insertion port 70, but the present invention is not limited to this example. In addition to the valve device such as the ball valve 74, any opening / closing device such as a sliding gate device similar to the opening / closing device 51 of the insertion port 50 or a shutter device can be used. Further, the opening / closing operation of the opening / closing device 71 may be performed mechanically by using a drive mechanism, or may be manually performed by an operator.

<7. Tunnel construction method using a tunnel boring machine>
The configuration of the tunnel excavator 1 according to the present embodiment has been described in detail above. Next, a tunnel construction method using the tunnel excavator 1 according to the present embodiment and an operation of the tunnel excavator 1 will be described.

When constructing a tunnel structure using the tunnel excavator 1 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, first, while rotating the cutter head 11, a plurality of propulsion jacks 19 are extended to extend the existing segment S. Press on. As a result, the excavator main body 10 moves forward by obtaining a propulsive reaction force from the existing segment S, and the ground of the face in front of the tunnel excavator 1 is excavated by the rotating cutter head 11, and the tunnel T is excavated. proceed.

At the time of this excavation, the excavated earth and sand generated by the ground excavation is taken into the chamber 17 through the opening (excavated earth and sand intake port) of the cutter head 11 and accumulated. The chamber 17 is maintained at a predetermined internal pressure by the accumulated excavated earth and sand. Then, the excavated earth and sand accumulated in the chamber 17 moves into the tip end portion of the tubular body 22 of the screw conveyor 20 through the discharge port 12a at the lower part of the partition wall 12.

Then, the excavated earth and sand is transported toward the rear side in the cylinder 22 of the screw conveyor 20 by the screw blade 21 rotated by the drive unit 25, and is discharged from the earth and sand discharge port 22b on the rear side. During the transportation of excavated soil by such a screw conveyor 20, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 8, the screw blade 21 is arranged in the forward position by the slide mechanism 26 described above, and the tip 21a of the screw blade 21 is a cylinder. It is arranged at a position protruding into the chamber 17 from the earth and sand intake port 22a (discharge port 12a) at the front end of the body 22. In this state, by rotating the screw blade 21 in the forward position, the excavated earth and sand accumulated in the chamber 17 can be efficiently taken into the cylinder 22 and transported to the rear.

Further, during the transportation of the excavated earth and sand by the screw conveyor 20, as shown in FIG. 8, the earth and sand intake port 22a at the tip of the screw conveyor 20 is provided by the gate plates 32 and 33 of the gate device 31 at the tip of the cylinder 22. (Discharge port 12a) is in an open state. Further, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 13, on the peripheral surface of the tubular body 22 of the screw conveyor 20, the insertion ports 50A and 50B for the plurality of pressing devices 40A and 40B, and the insertion ports 70 for the rock drilling device 60 are provided. , It is in a state of being closed by the opening / closing device 51 and the opening / closing device 71. As a result, the excavated earth and sand in the screw conveyor 20 can be prevented from leaking to the outside from the insertion ports 50 and 70, and the excavated earth and sand can be efficiently transported to the rear.

Further, at the same time as the normal excavation and soil removal operations as described above, the segments S are sequentially assembled in a ring shape along the inner wall surface of the tunnel T by the elector device on the rear side of the contracted propulsion jack 19.

As described above, the tunnel excavator 1 smoothly discharges the amount of earth and sand corresponding to the amount of excavation of the cutter head 11 by the screw conveyor 20 and constantly fills the inside of the chamber 17 with the excavated earth and sand to stabilize the face. The tunnel T will be excavated continuously while trying to make it. At the same time, by extending the propulsion jack 19, a propulsion reaction force is obtained from the existing segment S to dig, and a new segment S is assembled on the rear side of the propulsion jack 19.

By the way, during the normal excavation and soil removal operation as described above, a crushed object (for example, foreign matter such as boulder 2, clay lump, driftwood, etc.) having a size that is difficult or impossible to be transported by the screw conveyor 20 is in the excavated soil. May be present in. In this case, the crushing operation of the crushed object is executed by using the pressing device 40 and the rock drilling device 60.

Here, the determination of whether or not the object to be crushed exists in the excavated earth and sand is determined by, for example, a change in the operation of each part of the tunnel excavator 1 (for example, a change in the torque of the cutter turning motor 16 for rotating the cutter head 11). This is feasible based on changes in the torque of the drive unit 25 that rotates the screw blades 21 of the screw conveyor 20, changes in the discharge state of excavated earth and sand from the screw conveyor 20, and the like).

For example, when an object to be crushed is present in the excavated earth and sand in the chamber 17, the object to be crushed comes into contact with a structure on the back side of the cutter head 11 (for example, a stirring blade for stirring the excavated earth and sand in the chamber 17). The torque of the cutter turning motor 16 changes accordingly. Therefore, by detecting the torque change of the cutter turning motor 16, it is possible to determine whether or not there is an object to be crushed in the excavated earth and sand. Whether or not there is an object to be crushed in the excavated earth and sand is determined based on the detection results of various sensors provided in the tunnel excavator 1, the excavation status by the cutter head 11, the transportation status by the screw conveyor 20, and the like. The control device (not shown) of the tunnel excavator 1 may perform the operation, or the operator may perform the operation.

When it is determined that an object to be crushed exists in the excavated earth and sand, the cutter turning motor 16 is stopped, the excavation operation by the cutter head 11 is temporarily stopped, and the rotation of the screw blade 21 of the screw conveyor 20 is stopped. , The operation of transporting excavated earth and sand by the screw conveyor 20 is temporarily stopped. Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the screw blade 21 is slid rearward by the slide mechanism 26 of the screw conveyor 20, retracted to the retracted position, and pulled into the cylinder 22. As a result, a crushing space 30 for accommodating a crushing object such as a boulder 2 can be secured in the tip end portion of the tubular body 22 of the screw conveyor 20. Further, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, after the crushing object such as the boulder 2 has moved from the chamber 17 to the crushing space 30 in the cylinder 22, the gate device 31 at the tip of the screw conveyor 20 is closed from the open state. In this state, the earth and sand intake port 22a (discharge port 12a of the partition wall 12) is closed.

As described above, in the normal state (during excavation and transportation of excavated soil) when the crushing operation is not performed, the tip 21a of the rotating screw blade 21 is in the forward position where the tip 21a protrudes into the chamber 17 from the front cylinder 23 (during excavation and transportation of excavated earth and sand). (See FIGS. 2 and 8), so that the gate device 31 is in an open state. On the other hand, when the object to be crushed is crushed, the screw blade 21 is pulled into the front cylinder 23, so that the tip 21a of the screw blade 21 retracts rearward and is housed in the front cylinder 23 (FIG. 3). , See FIG. 9). As a result, the object to be crushed can be taken into the crushing space 30 in the tubular body 22, and the gate device 31 at the tip of the tubular body 22 can be closed.

In this state, as shown in FIG. 9, the opening / closing device 51 opens the insertion port 50 for the pressing device 40, and the pressing portion 44 of the pressing device 40 is advanced toward the crushing space 30 in the front tubular body 23. .. As a result, the object to be crushed such as the boulder 2 arranged in the crushing space 30 is pressed by the pressing portions 44 of the pressing device 40 so as to be sandwiched from both the left and right sides, and crushed by the pressing force (compressive stress).

More specifically, in the normal state where the crushing operation is not performed (during excavation and transportation of excavated earth and sand), as shown in FIG. 8, the pair of left and right pressing portions 44A and 44B are retracted positions outside the front cylinder 23. Is located in. On the other hand, when crushing the object to be crushed, as shown in FIG. 9, the pressing portions 44A and 44B are advanced toward the crushing space 30 in the front cylinder 23 through the opened insertion ports 50A and 50B, and the boulder 2 It is brought into contact with a crushed object such as. As a result, the object to be crushed such as the boulder 2 located in the crushing space 30 is sandwiched and pressed from both the left and right sides by the pressing portions 44A and 44B. If the compressive stress in the pressing direction acting on the object to be crushed by the pressing operation is larger than the compressive strength of the object to be crushed, the object to be crushed is crushed (compressive fracture).

Here, since the object to be crushed is hard, it may not be crushed only by pressing with the pressing portions 44A and 44B. Even in this case, the object to be crushed can be fixed at a predetermined position in the crushing space 30 by sandwiching the object to be crushed by the pressing portions 44A and 44B.

Further, in such a case, the crushed object can be crushed by using the rock drilling device 60 described above. Specifically, during normal times when the crushing operation is not performed (during excavation and transportation of excavated earth and sand), as shown in FIG. 13, the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 is retracted to the outside of the cylinder 22. The insertion port 70 is also closed by the opening / closing device 71. When crushing the object to be crushed from this normal state, as shown in FIG. 14, first, the insertion port 70 for the rock drilling device 60 is opened by the switchgear 71, and then the rock drilling device main body 62 of the rock drilling device 60. Start the operation. After that, by extending the actuator 63 for the rock drilling device, the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 is advanced diagonally downward toward the crushing space 30 in the front cylinder 23 and inserted into the insertion port 70.

As a result, the tip of the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 is brought into contact with the crushed object in a state of being sandwiched from both the left and right sides by the pressing portions 44A and 44B in the crushing space 30. As a result, the crushed object is crushed (impact fracture) by the impact force by hitting the crushed object with the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 and applying an impact force. In particular, at the time of crushing using the rock drilling device 60, since the crushing object is sandwiched from both sides by the pressing portions 44A and 44B, it is stably fixed at a predetermined position. Therefore, since the object to be crushed does not escape from the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60, the object to be crushed can be reliably crushed by the rock drilling device 60.

<8. Summary>
The tunnel excavator 1 according to the present embodiment and the tunnel construction method using the tunnel excavator 1 have been described in detail above.

According to the present embodiment, instead of crushing the crushed object by a rock drill in the chamber as in the prior art, the crushed object is introduced into the crushing space 30 in the tip of the cylinder 22 of the screw conveyor 20. , The object to be crushed is pressed by the pressing device 40 in the crushing space 30 to be crushed (compressed fracture). Compared to the chamber 17, which is a large space, the crushing space 30 in the screw conveyor 20 is a narrow closed space surrounded by a tubular body 22. Therefore, the object to be crushed can be easily fixed at a predetermined position in the crushing space 30, and the object to be crushed can be reliably pressed by the pressing device 40. Further, by pressing the object to be crushed by the pressing device 40, the object to be crushed can be prevented from escaping in the crushing space 30, and the object to be crushed can be suitably crushed while being surely fixed at a predetermined position. Therefore, according to the tunnel excavator 1 according to the present embodiment, foreign matter (crushing object) such as boulder 2 is surely fixed at a predetermined position other than the chamber 17 so that it can be crushed, and the ground containing the crushing object is formed. It can be excavated smoothly.

Further, if the gate device 31 provided at the opening at the tip of the screw conveyor 20 is closed, the opening on one side of the crushing space 30 in the axial direction can also be closed. Depending on the position, it can be fixed securely and crushed.

Further, when the object to be crushed is crushed by a rock drill in the chamber as in the conventional technique, it is necessary to install additional equipment for crushing in the chamber or the cutter head. For this reason, there is a problem that the flow of excavated earth and sand in the chamber is obstructed during normal excavation, and there is a problem that the device configuration around the cutter head becomes complicated. On the other hand, according to the present embodiment, since the object to be crushed is crushed in the crushing space 30 in the screw conveyor 20, it is not necessary to install additional equipment for crushing in the chamber 17 or the cutter head 11. Therefore, it is possible to solve the problem that the flow of excavated earth and sand in the chamber 17 is obstructed during normal excavation, and it is also possible to solve the problem that the device configuration around the cutter head 11 becomes complicated.

Further, according to the present embodiment, two pressing devices 40A and 40B (first pressing device and second pressing device) are provided, and the crushed object is sandwiched and pressed from both sides in the crushing space 30. As a result, the object to be crushed can be sandwiched from both sides by the two pressing devices 40A and 40B and can be more reliably fixed in a predetermined position, so that the crushing operation by the pressing devices 40A and 40B and the rock drilling device 60 can be performed stably and smoothly. Can be executed.

Further, according to the present embodiment, a rock drilling device 60 having a rod 61 capable of advancing and retreating in a second direction different from the pressing direction (first direction) by the pressing device 40 is provided. This rock drilling device 60 is used as an auxiliary crushing device when the crushing object cannot be crushed by the pressing device 40. By applying an impact force to the crushed object by the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60, the crushed object can be reliably crushed. Further, in the state where the crushing object is sandwiched and fixed from both sides by the pressing device 40 in the crushing space 30, an impact force is applied to the crushing object by the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60. As a result, the object to be crushed can be prevented from escaping, and the object to be crushed can be reliably crushed by the rock drilling device 60.

Further, according to the present embodiment, the tubular body 22 allows the pressing portion 44 of the pressing device 40 and the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 to enter the crushing space 30 in the tubular body 22 of the screw conveyor 20. An insertion port 50 (first insertion port) and an insertion port 70 (second insertion port) are formed through the peripheral surface of the above. In addition, a switchgear 51 (first switchgear) and a switchgear 71 (second switchgear) for opening and closing the insertion ports 50 and 70 are also installed. As a result, during normal excavation and transportation operations, the pressing device 40 and the rock drilling device 60 can be retracted to the outside of the screw conveyor 20, and the insertion ports 50 and 70 can be closed by the opening and closing devices 51 and 71. Therefore, during normal excavation, the screw conveyor 20 does not interfere with the operation of transporting the excavated soil. On the other hand, when the object to be crushed is crushed, the insertion openings 50 and 70 are opened by the opening / closing devices 51 and 71, and the pressing portion 44 of the pressing device 40 and the rod 61 of the rock drilling device 60 are made to enter the crushing space 30 to enter the crushing object. Crush. Therefore, it is possible to carry out the crushing operation by allowing the pressing device 40 and the rock drilling device 60 to enter the crushing space 30 in the cylinder 22 only when the crushing object is present.

Further, according to the present embodiment, by providing the slide mechanism 26 on the screw conveyor 20, the screw blades 21 can be moved forward or backward in the axial direction. As a result, during normal excavation and transportation operations, the excavated earth and sand in the chamber 17 can be efficiently transported by rotating the screw blade 21 in an advanced state. On the other hand, during the crushing operation, by retracting the screw blade 21 in a stopped rotation state, a large crushing space 30 in which the screw blade 21 does not exist can be suitably formed in the tip portion of the tubular body 22, and the crushing space 30 can be used. Can crush large size objects to be crushed.

Further, according to the present embodiment, as the screw blade 21 of the screw conveyor 20, a ribbon type screw blade having no shaft is used. As a result, the object to be crushed can be easily introduced into the tip of the cylinder 22 of the screw conveyor 20, and the crushing space 30 as large as possible can be secured in the tip of the cylinder 22.

Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment. It is clear that a person skilled in the art can come up with various modifications or modifications within the scope of the claims, and it is understood that these also naturally belong to the technical scope of the present invention. Will be done.

For example, in the above embodiment, the example of the boulder 2 has been described as the object to be crushed, but the object to be crushed in the present invention is not limited to the example of the boulder 2. If the object to be excavated is a foreign substance contained in excavated earth and sand and has a size that is difficult to transport by a screw conveyor, for example, clay lumps, driftwood, artificial underground remnants (for example, concrete lumps), etc. It may be, or it may be a combination of these.

Further, in the above embodiment, two pressing devices 40A and 40B are installed, but the present invention is not limited to such an example. For example, only one pressing device 40 may be installed adjacent to the tip end portion of the tubular body 22 of the screw conveyor 20, and the pressing portion 44 of the one pressing device 40 may press the object to be crushed. In this case, the object to be crushed may be sandwiched and pressed between the one pressing portion 44 and the inner peripheral surface of the tubular body 22 of the screw conveyor 20. Alternatively, the object to be crushed may be sandwiched and pressed between the one pressing portion 44 and a separately installed fixing member (for example, a fixing plate installed in the screw conveyor 20).

Further, in the above embodiment, two pressing devices 40A and 40B facing each other in the left-right direction are arranged, and the pressing directions of both pressing devices 40A and 40B are the same direction (left-right direction). Not limited to. For example, the directions in which the two pressing devices 40, 40 face each other are arbitrary directions such as a vertical direction or an inclined direction, in addition to the above-mentioned left-right direction, as long as they face each other with the crushing space 30 in between. You may.

Further, the two pressing devices 40, 40 may be arranged so as to face each other diagonally without facing each other. In this case, for example, the two pressing devices 40, 40 are arranged in a V shape in a plan view, and the pressing directions of the two pressing devices 40, 40 are intersecting directions, and the intersecting angle is less than 180 °. .. Even in this case, it is possible to sandwich the object to be crushed and fix it at a predetermined position by the pressing portions 44, 44 of the two pressing devices 40, 40 which are inclined and opposed to each other. Further, it is also possible to hold the object to be crushed and fix it at a predetermined position at three points of the pressing portions 44, 44 of the two pressing devices 40, 40 which are diagonally opposed to each other and the closed gate device 31. Is. However, in this case, it is preferable to increase the strength of the gate device 31 so that the object to be crushed to which the pressing force applied by the pressing device 40 can be held can be held.

Further, in the above description, an example in which one or two pressing devices 40 are installed has been described, but three or more pressing devices 40 may be installed. As a result, the pressing direction (number of axes) can be increased by the pressing device 40, so that the load points (load action points) increase at the time of pressing, and the certainty of fixing the crushed object to the position increases. In addition, the pressing load per location can be reduced, which has the advantage of leading to a compact pressing device 40.

For example, when two pressing devices 40, 40 are installed as described above and pressed in two facing directions, the crushed object may move (escape) in a direction other than the pressing direction. There is also. In addition, when arranging in the above-mentioned C shape, it is necessary to secure the strength of the part that receives the load, such as the gate device. On the other hand, by increasing the number of pressing devices 40 installed to three or more, it becomes possible to eliminate the direction in which the crushed object can move (the direction in which it can escape), so that the pressing device can be pressed more reliably. Will be.

Further, regardless of whether the number of pressing devices 40 installed is one or two or more, it is preferable to measure the advancing / retreating amount (stroke) of the pressing unit 44 with a detection device such as a stroke sensor. As a result, by confirming the stroke value when the object to be crushed is pressed by the pressing portion 44, it is possible to confirm the size of the object to be crushed immediately before crushing, the size after crushing, and whether or not the object to be crushed can be crushed. can.

Further, the opening / closing device 51 of the insertion port 50 for the pressing device 40 does not have to be installed. For example, instead of the opening / closing device 51, the pressing portion 44 of the pressing device 40 is arranged so as to be substantially flush with the tubular body 22 of the screw conveyor 20, and the insertion port 50 can be closed by the pressing portion 44. You may. However, from the viewpoint of increasing the fluidity of the excavated earth and sand in the cylinder 22 of the screw conveyor 20, the member that closes the insertion port 50 is preferably flush with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 22 as much as possible. It is preferable to provide a switchgear provided with a flush closing member (for example, a curved plate-shaped gate plate).

Further, in the above embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 8, the tip 21a of the screw blade 21 advanced by the slide mechanism 26 is forward from the earth and sand intake port 22a (discharge port 12a) at the tip of the tubular body 22. It was arranged at a position where it protruded into the chamber 17 and reached the inside of the chamber 17. However, the present invention is not limited to such an example, and for example, the tip 21a of the advanced screw blade 21 may be arranged in the tip of the tubular body 22 without protruding into the chamber 17.

Further, if the tip 21a of the screw blade 21 is located on the rear side of the crushing space 30, it is not always necessary to allow the screw blade 21 to move forward and backward in the axial direction, and the screw conveyor 20 is provided with the slide mechanism 26. It does not have to be.

The present invention is applicable to a tunnel excavator capable of crushing, transporting and discharging an object to be crushed in excavated earth and sand.

1 Tunnel excavator 2 Giant gravel 10 Excavator body 11 Cutter head 12 Partition 12a Discharge port 13 Cutter rotation shaft 14 Rotating ring 15 Connected beam 16 Cutter turning motor 17 Chamber 18 Beam 19 Propulsion jack 20 Screw conveyor 21 Screw blade 22 Cylinder body 22a Sediment intake 22b Sediment discharge port 23 Front cylinder 24 Rear cylinder 25 Drive unit 26 Slide mechanism 27 Slide jack 28 Anti-rotation device 29 Spacer 30 Crushing space 31 Gate device 40, 40A, 40B Pressing device 41, 41A, 41B Base 42, 42A, 42B Cylinder 43, 43A, 43B Piston rod 44, 44A, 44B Pressing part 45, 45A, 45B Casing 46, 46A, 46B Protruding part 50, 50A, 50B Insertion port 51, 51A, 51B Opening and closing device 52 , 52A, 52B Gate plate 53, 53A, 53B Jack for opening and closing 54, 54A, 54B Cylinder 55, 55A, 55B Piston rod 60 Rock drilling device 61 Rod 62 Rock drilling device body 63 Rock drilling device actuator 70 Insertion port 71 Opening and closing device 72 Front pipe 73 Rear pipe 74 Ball valve S segment T tunnel

Claims (13)

Cylindrical excavator body and
A cutter head rotatably provided at the front end of the excavator body,
A partition wall provided behind the cutter head inside the excavator body,
A chamber defined by the cutter head and the partition wall and storing the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head, and
It has a cylinder connected to a discharge port formed in the partition wall and screw blades rotatably provided in the cylinder, and the excavated earth and sand stored in the chamber is directed to the rear of the excavator main body. With a screw conveyor
A crushing space formed in the tip of the cylinder of the screw conveyor and capable of accommodating a crushing object contained in the excavated earth and sand, and a crushing space.
At least one having a pressing portion provided so as to be able to advance and retreat with respect to the crushing space in the cylinder, and pressing the crushing object moved from the chamber to the crushing space through the discharge port by the pressing portion. Pressing device and
Equipped with a tunnel excavator. The pressing device is
The first pressing device arranged on one side of the crushing space and
A second pressing device arranged on the other side of the crushing space and
Including
The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein the first and second pressing devices sandwich and press the crushing object from both sides in the crushing space. The cylinder of the screw conveyor is provided with at least one first insertion port for inserting the pressing portion of the pressing device from the outside to the inside of the cylinder.
When the excavated earth and sand are transported by the screw conveyor, the pressing portion of the pressing device retracts to the outside of the cylinder.
When crushing the crushing object, the pressing portion of the pressing device enters the crushing space inside the cylinder through the first insertion port and presses the crushing object, claim 1 or 2. The tunnel excavator described in. The screw conveyor further includes a first switchgear that opens and closes the first insertion slot.
When the excavated earth and sand are transported by the screw conveyor, the first insertion port is closed by the first opening / closing device in a state where the pressing portion of the pressing device is retracted to the outside of the cylinder.
The tunnel excavator according to claim 3, wherein when the object to be crushed is crushed, the first insertion port is opened by the first switchgear. Further, a rock drilling device having a rod provided so as to be able to advance and retreat in a second direction different from the first direction, which is the advancing and retreating direction of the pressing portion of the pressing device, with respect to the crushing space in the cylinder of the screw conveyor. The tunnel excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The pressing device is
The first pressing device arranged on one side of the crushing space and
A second pressing device arranged on the other side of the crushing space and
Including
The first and second pressing devices can press the object to be crushed by sandwiching the object to be crushed from both sides in the crushing space.
The fifth aspect of the present invention, wherein the rock drilling device can bring the tip of the rod into contact with the crushing object in a state of being sandwiched from both sides by the first and second pressing devices in the crushing space. Tunnel excavator. The cylinder of the screw conveyor is provided with a second insertion port for inserting the rod of the rock drilling device from the outside to the inside of the cylinder.
When the excavated earth and sand are transported by the screw conveyor, the rod of the rock drilling device is retracted to the outside of the cylinder.
When crushing the crushing object, the rod of the rock drilling device enters the crushing space inside the cylinder through the second insertion port and comes into contact with the crushing object, claim 5 or 6. The tunnel excavator described in. The screw conveyor further includes a second switchgear that opens and closes the second insertion slot.
When the excavated earth and sand are transported by the screw conveyor, the second insertion port is closed by the second opening / closing device with the rod of the rock drilling device retracted to the outside of the cylinder.
The tunnel excavator according to claim 7, wherein when the object to be crushed is crushed, the second insertion port is opened by the second opening / closing device. The screw conveyor further has a slide mechanism for sliding the screw blades in the tubular body in the axial direction.
Any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein when the object to be crushed is crushed, the crushing space is formed in the tip end portion of the tubular body by retracting the screw blades axially rearward by the slide mechanism. The tunnel excavator described in the section. The tunnel excavator according to claim 9, wherein when the excavated earth and sand are transported by the screw conveyor, the screw blades are rotated while the screw blades are advanced axially forward by the slide mechanism. A gate device that opens and closes the outlet is provided.
The tunnel excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein when the object to be crushed is crushed, the discharge port is closed by the gate device. The tunnel excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a plurality of protrusions are provided on the front surface of the pressing portion of the pressing device. The tunnel excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the pressing device includes a detecting device that detects a stroke in the advancing / retreating direction of the pressing portion.

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