JP6237283B2 - Dialysis system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a dialysis system.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-17492 (Patent Document 1) is a prior art document that discloses a method for discharging a used dialysate in a multi-person dialysis apparatus. In the method for discharging spent dialysate in a multi-person dialysis apparatus described in Patent Document 1, reverse osmosis wastewater is supplied to a first heat exchanger, and a temperature difference between raw water and reverse osmosis wastewater is utilized. Heat the raw water by heat exchange. Furthermore, the used dialysate discharged from each console is collected in one pipe equipped with a second heat exchanger, and reverse osmosis is performed by heat exchange using the temperature difference between the used dialysate and reverse osmosis water. After warming the water, the used dialysate used for this heat exchange is drained.

JP 2013-17492 A

  In the method for discharging the used dialysate in the multi-person dialysis apparatus described in Patent Document 1, since a large amount of used dialysate discharged from each console flows continuously through one pipe, the heat exchange efficiency is improved. There was room for improvement and further energy saving.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a dialysis system capable of improving energy saving.

  The dialysis system according to the present invention has a raw water supply unit that supplies raw water, a reverse osmosis membrane, and the impurities are concentrated without passing through the reverse osmosis membrane and reverse osmosis water that has passed through the reverse osmosis membrane. A reverse osmosis device that separates the concentrated osmotic water, a reverse osmosis water tank that temporarily stores reverse osmosis water, and a dialysis solution that is prepared by preparing reverse osmosis water sent from the reverse osmosis water tank A liquid supply device, a plurality of dialysis devices that receive a supply of dialysate from the dialysate supply device, a spent dialysate tank that temporarily stores a used dialysate composed of the dialysate used in the dialyzer, The raw water supplied from the raw water supply section and the concentrated water discharged from the reverse osmosis device were heat-exchanged, and the raw water passed through the first heat exchanger and the used dialysate tank were discharged. A second heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the used dialysate. The reverse osmosis device operates intermittently. During operation of the reverse osmosis device, the amount of stored reverse osmosis water in the reverse osmosis water tank increases while the amount of stored dialysate in the used dialysate tank decreases, and reverse osmosis While the apparatus is stopped, the amount of stored dialysate in the used dialysate tank increases while the amount of stored reverse osmosis water in the reverse osmosis water tank decreases.

  In one form of the present invention, the spent dialysate tank has a pipe-like outer shape extending in the horizontal direction.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of used dialysate tanks are provided.
In one embodiment of the present invention, at least a part of the spent dialysate tank is transparent.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, the spent dialysate tank includes a partition plate that is disposed at an interval in the extending direction of the spent dialysate tank and partitions the inside of the spent dialysate tank. . The partition plate is provided with a plurality of through holes serving as a flow path for the used dialysate.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, an overflow pipe is connected to the spent dialysate tank.

  According to the present invention, energy saving can be improved.

1 is a system diagram showing a configuration of a dialysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of a used dialysate tank. It is a side view which shows the shape of the partition plate arrange | positioned in the tank for used dialysate. It is a systematic diagram which shows the state in which a reverse osmosis apparatus is driving | operating. It is a systematic diagram which shows the state which the reverse osmosis apparatus has stopped.

  Hereinafter, a dialysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description of the embodiments, the same or corresponding parts in the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will not be repeated.

  FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a configuration of a dialysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a dialysis system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a raw water supply unit 110 that supplies raw water 111 and a reverse osmosis membrane, and reverse osmosis that permeates the raw water 111 through the reverse osmosis membrane. A reverse osmosis device 140 that separates water 141 and concentrated water 142 in which impurities are concentrated without passing through the reverse osmosis membrane, and a reverse osmosis water tank 150 that temporarily stores the reverse osmosis water 141 are provided.

  The dialysis system 1 also includes a dialysate supply device 210 that supplies the dialysate 211 prepared by preparing the reverse osmosis water 141 sent out from the reverse osmosis water tank 150, and the supply of the dialysate 211 from the dialysate supply device 210. And a used dialysate tank for temporarily storing the used dialysate 22 made of the dialysate 211 used in the dialyzer.

  Furthermore, the dialysis system 1 passes through the first heat exchanger 120 and the first heat exchanger 120 for exchanging heat between the raw water 111 supplied from the raw water supply unit 110 and the concentrated water 142 discharged from the reverse osmosis device 140. And a second heat exchanger 130 for exchanging heat between the raw water 111 and the used dialysate 22 discharged from the used dialysate tank.

  In the present embodiment, the plurality of dialysis machines are arranged in three groups. That is, a first dialyzer group 220, a second dialyzer group 221 and a third dialyzer group 222 each including a plurality of dialyzers are configured.

  The used dialysate 22 discharged from the first dialyzer group 220 is collected in the first used dialysate tank 230 and temporarily stored. The used dialysate 22 discharged from the second dialyzer group 221 is collected in the second used dialysate tank 231 and temporarily stored. The used dialysate 22 discharged from the third dialyzer group 222 is collected in the third used dialysate tank 232 and temporarily stored.

  A first overflow pipe 260 and a first pump 250 are connected to the first spent dialysate tank 230. A second overflow pipe 261 and a second pump 251 are connected to the second spent dialysate tank 231. A third overflow pipe 262 and a third pump 252 are connected to the third spent dialysate tank 232.

  The first used dialysate tank 230, the second used dialysate tank 231 and the third used dialysate tank 232 are connected to the fourth used dialysate tank 233, respectively. A fourth overflow pipe 263 and a fourth pump 253 are connected to the fourth spent dialysate tank 233. As described above, in the present embodiment, a plurality of used dialysate tanks are provided.

  The raw water supply unit 110, the first heat exchanger 120, the second heat exchanger 130, the reverse osmosis device 140, and the reverse osmosis water tank 150 are disposed in the machine room 10. The dialysate supply device 210, all dialyzers, and all used dialysate tanks are arranged in the dialyzer chamber 20.

  Next, a series of operations in the dialysis system 1 will be described. The raw water 111 made of, for example, tap water supplied from the raw water supply unit 110 is sequentially sent to the first heat exchanger 120, the second heat exchanger 130, and the reverse osmosis device 140. The raw water 111 sent to the reverse osmosis device 140 flows along the reverse osmosis membrane, so that the reverse osmosis water 141 that has permeated the reverse osmosis membrane and the concentrated water 142 that has not been permeated through the reverse osmosis membrane and the impurities are concentrated. Separated.

  The reverse osmosis water 141 generated by the reverse osmosis device 140 is sent to the reverse osmosis water tank 150 and temporarily stored. The concentrated water 142 generated by the reverse osmosis device 140 is sent to the first heat exchanger 120, cooled by exchanging heat with the raw water 111, and then discharged. That is, the raw water 111 passing through the first pipe 121 of the first heat exchanger 120 is heated by exchanging heat with the concentrated water 142 passing through the second pipe 122 of the first heat exchanger 120.

  The reverse osmosis water 141 stored in the reverse osmosis water tank 150 is sent to the dialysate supply device 210 to be prepared as the dialysate 211. The dialysate 211 prepared by the dialysate supply device 210 is supplied to the dialyzers included in each of the first dialyzer group 220, the second dialyzer group 221, and the third dialyzer group 222.

  The used dialysate 22 discharged from the dialyzers included in the first dialyzer group 220 is temporarily stored in the first used dialysate tank 230. Part of the used dialysate 22 stored in the first used dialysate tank 230 is pressurized by the first pump 250 and sent to the fourth used dialysate tank 233. When the level of the used dialysate 22 in the first used dialysate tank 230 exceeds a predetermined height, the used dialysate 22 in excess of the predetermined height is the first used dialysate 22. It is discharged from the overflow pipe 260.

  The used dialysate 22 discharged from the dialyzers included in the second dialyzer group 221 is temporarily stored in the second used dialysate tank 231. Part of the used dialysate 22 stored in the second used dialysate tank 231 is pressurized by the second pump 251 and sent to the fourth used dialysate tank 233. When the level of the used dialysate 22 in the second used dialysate tank 231 exceeds a predetermined height, the used dialysate 22 in excess of the predetermined height is stored in the second dialysate 22. It is discharged from the overflow pipe 261.

  The used dialysate 22 discharged from the dialyzers included in the third dialyzer group 222 is temporarily stored in the third used dialysate tank 232. Part of the used dialysate 22 stored in the third used dialysate tank 232 is pressurized by the third pump 252 and sent to the fourth used dialysate tank 233. When the level of the used dialysate 22 in the third used dialysate tank 232 exceeds a predetermined height, the used dialysate 22 in excess of the predetermined height is the third used dialysate 22. It is discharged from the overflow pipe 262.

  The used dialysate 22 sent to the fourth used dialysate tank 233 is temporarily stored. When the level of the used dialysate 22 in the fourth used dialysate tank 233 exceeds a predetermined height, the used dialysate 22 in excess of the predetermined height is the fourth used dialysate 22. It is discharged from the overflow pipe 263.

  A part of the used dialysate 22 stored in the fourth used dialysate tank 233 is pressurized by the fourth pump 253, sent to the second heat exchanger 130, and cooled by exchanging heat with the raw water 111. And then discharged. That is, the raw water 111 passing through the first pipe 131 of the second heat exchanger 130 is heated by exchanging heat with the spent dialysate 22 passing through the second pipe 132 of the second heat exchanger 130.

  Hereinafter, the configuration of the used dialysate tank will be described in detail. In the following description, the fourth used dialysate tank 233 will be described, but the first used dialysate tank 230, the second used dialysate tank 231 and the third used dialysate tank. Each of 232 has the same configuration.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a spent dialysate tank. FIG. 3 is a side view showing the shape of the partition plate disposed in the spent dialysate tank.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the fourth used dialysate tank 233 has a pipe-like outer shape extending in the horizontal direction. In the present embodiment, the fourth used dialysate tank 233 has a substantially cylindrical shape. However, the shape of the fourth used dialysate tank 233 is not limited to a substantially cylindrical shape, and may be, for example, a cylindrical shape having a rectangular cross section.

  The fourth spent dialysate tank 233 is made of transparent vinyl chloride. However, the material of the fourth used dialysate tank 233 is not limited to vinyl chloride, and is resistant to the used dialysate 22 and the washing solution, and at least a part is transparent so that the inside of the tank is visible. If it is.

  The components contained in the used dialysate 22 may adhere to the inside of the fourth used dialysate tank 233, and the flow path of the used dialysate 22 in the fourth used dialysate tank 233 may become narrow. is there. By forming the fourth used dialysate tank 233 with at least a part of a transparent member, it is possible to check and maintain the situation in the fourth used dialysate tank 233.

  As described above, the fourth overflow pipe 263 is connected to the fourth used dialysate tank 233, and the used dialysate 22 in the fourth used dialysate tank 233 is connected to the floor 2 of the dialysis chamber. The predetermined height h to the liquid level is set to the maximum height H. The predetermined height h is, for example, 30 cm.

  In the present embodiment, 100 L of used dialysate 22 is stored in a state where the level of the used dialysate 22 has reached the maximum height H in the fourth used dialysate tank 233. . In a state where the liquid level of the used dialysate 22 reaches the maximum height H in the first used dialysate tank 230, 36 L of the used dialysate 22 is stored. In a state where the liquid level of the used dialysate 22 reaches the maximum height H in the second used dialysate tank 231, 50 L of the used dialysate 22 is stored. In a state where the level of the used dialysate 22 reaches the maximum height H in the third used dialysate tank 232, 36 L of the used dialysate 22 is stored.

  As described above, the used dialysate tank has a pipe-like outer shape extending in the horizontal direction, so that the used dialysate tank can be reduced in height while ensuring a necessary capacity. Thereby, the spent dialysis fluid tank can be arranged along the floor 2 of the dialysis chamber 20 so as not to interfere with the dialysis device, and the degree of freedom of arrangement of the dialysis device in the dialysis chamber 20 can be maintained high. .

  Further, since the dialysis system according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of used dialysate tanks, it is possible to further reduce the height and size of each used dialysate tank while ensuring the necessary capacity. it can. By disposing a plurality of spent dialysate tanks at different locations in the dialysis chamber 20, the degree of freedom of disposing the dialysis apparatus in the dialysis chamber 20 can be further increased.

  The fourth used dialysate tank 233 has three partitions that are spaced apart from each other in the extending direction of the fourth used dialysate tank 233 and partition the inside of the fourth used dialysate tank 233. A plate 300 is included. The number of partition plates 300 is not limited to three, and may be one or more. Moreover, the partition plate 300 does not necessarily need to be provided.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the partition plate 300 is provided with a plurality of circular through holes 301 that serve as a flow path for the used dialysate 22. In this embodiment, the partition plate 300 has a disk shape. The centers of the plurality of through holes 301 are located at equal intervals on a circle 303 centered on the center 302 of the partition plate 300. However, the arrangement of the through holes 301 is not limited to the above, and any arrangement may be used as long as the flow path of the used dialysate 22 in the fourth used dialysate tank 233 can be divided into a plurality of parts. Further, the shape of the through hole 301 is not limited to a circular shape, and may be a polygonal shape.

  By providing the partition plate 300, when a long-period ground motion acts on the fourth used dialysate tank 233 due to an earthquake, the movement of the used dialysate 22 in the fourth used dialysate tank 233 is prevented. be able to. Thereby, it can suppress that the 4th used dialysate tank 233 is destroyed by the force which generate | occur | produces with the movement of the used dialysate 22. FIG.

  Hereinafter, the sequence of the dialysis system 1 will be described. FIG. 4 is a system diagram showing a state in which the reverse osmosis device is in operation. FIG. 5 is a system diagram showing a state in which the reverse osmosis device is stopped.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the reverse osmosis device 140 is intermittently operated. As shown in FIG. 4, during operation of the reverse osmosis device 140, the amount of water stored in the reverse osmosis water 141 in the reverse osmosis water tank 150 increases and the used dialysis in the fourth used dialysate tank 233. As shown in FIG. 5, while the reverse osmosis device 140 is stopped, the amount of the reverse osmosis water 141 in the reverse osmosis water tank 150 decreases while the amount of the liquid 22 stored is decreased. The storage volume of the used dialysate 22 in the used dialysate tank 233 increases.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, at the start of operation of the reverse osmosis device 140, the liquid level of the reverse osmosis water 141 has reached the minimum height L in the reverse osmosis water tank 150, The liquid level of the used dialysate 22 has reached the maximum height H in the fourth used dialysate tank 233.

  Note that the amount of change in the amount of stored water when the liquid level of the reverse osmosis water 141 changes from the minimum height L state to the maximum height H state in the reverse osmosis water tank 150 is 60L. Similarly, when the liquid level of the used dialysate 22 is changed from the maximum height H state to the minimum height L state in the fourth used dialysate tank 233, the amount of change in the water storage amount is 60L. is there.

  When the reverse osmosis device 140 starts operation, the reverse osmosis water 141 is sent from the reverse osmosis device 140 to the reverse osmosis water tank 150 at a flow rate of 31.5 L / min. The reverse osmosis water 141 is sent from the reverse osmosis water tank 150 to the dialysate supply device 210 at a flow rate of 30 L / min. Therefore, reverse osmosis water 141 is stored in reverse osmosis water tank 150 at a speed of 1.5 L / min.

  The dialysate prepared in the dialysate supply device 210 is used in each dialyzer and is sent to the fourth used dialysate tank 233 as a used dialysate 22 at a flow rate of 30 L / min. The spent dialysate 22 is sent from the fourth spent dialysate tank 233 to the second heat exchanger 130 at a flow rate of 31.5 L / min and discharged. Therefore, the used dialysate 22 is released from the fourth used dialysate tank 233 at a rate of 1.5 L / min.

  After 40 minutes from the start of operation of the reverse osmosis device 140, the level of the reverse osmosis water 141 reaches the maximum height L in the reverse osmosis water tank 150 as shown in FIG. In the liquid tank 233, the liquid level of the used dialysate 22 has reached the minimum height L. At this time, the operation of the reverse osmosis device 140 is stopped.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the reverse osmosis water 141 is sent from the reverse osmosis water tank 150 to the dialysate supply device 210 at a flow rate of 30 L / min even when the operation of the reverse osmosis device 140 is stopped. Therefore, the reverse osmosis water 141 is discharged from the reverse osmosis water tank 150 at a rate of 30 L / min.

  Further, even when the reverse osmosis device 140 is stopped, the dialysate prepared by the dialysate supply device 210 is used in each dialyzer and used as a used dialysate 22 at a flow rate of 30 L / min. The dialysis fluid tank 233 is sent. Therefore, the used dialysate 22 is stored in the fourth used dialysate tank 233 at a speed of 30 L / min.

  After two minutes have passed since the operation of the reverse osmosis device 140 was stopped, the liquid level of the reverse osmosis water 141 reached the minimum height L in the reverse osmosis water tank 150 as shown in FIG. The liquid level of the used dialysate 22 reaches the maximum height H in the liquid tank 233.

  As described above, the dialysis system 1 according to the present embodiment is operated in a sequence in which the state shown in FIG. 4 and the state shown in FIG. 5 are alternately repeated. That is, the reverse osmosis device 140 repeats the continuous operation for 40 minutes and the operation stop for 2 minutes. In this way, by intermittently operating the reverse osmosis device 140, energy required for the operation of the reverse osmosis device 140 can be reduced.

  Further, by temporarily storing the used dialysate 22 in the used dialysate tank, the above-described sequence can be executed, and the used dialysate 22 that is wasted is reduced to reduce the heat exchange efficiency. Energy saving can be achieved by improving.

  In addition, said sequence is an example and what is necessary is just a sequence which can utilize the calorie | heat amount of the used dialysate 22 effectively, operating the reverse osmosis apparatus 140 intermittently. Furthermore, the dialysis system 1 may include a heat pump using a heat medium in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency in the first and second heat exchangers 120 and 130.

  In addition, the said embodiment disclosed this time is an illustration in all the points, Comprising: It does not become a basis of limited interpretation. Therefore, the technical scope of the present invention is not interpreted only by the above-described embodiments, but is defined based on the description of the scope of claims. Further, all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of the claims are included.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dialysis system, 2 Floor, 10 Machine room, 20 Dialysis room, 22 Used dialysate, 110 Raw water supply part, 111 Raw water, 120 1st heat exchanger, 121,131 1st piping, 122,132 2nd piping , 130 Second heat exchanger, 140 Reverse osmosis device, 141 Reverse osmosis water, 142 Concentrated water, 150 Reverse osmosis water tank, 210 Dialysate supply device, 211 Dialysate, 220 First dialyzer group, 221 Second dialysis Equipment group, 222 third dialyzer group, 230 first used dialysate tank, 231 second used dialysate tank, 232 third used dialysate tank, 233 fourth used dialysate tank, 250 1st pump, 251 2nd pump, 252 3rd pump, 253 4th pump, 260 1st overflow pipe, 261 2nd overflow pipe, 262 3rd overflow Tube, 263 fourth overflow pipe, 300 a partition plate, 301 through-hole.

Claims (6)

A raw water supply section for supplying raw water;
A reverse osmosis device having a reverse osmosis membrane, and separating the raw water into reverse osmosis water that has passed through the reverse osmosis membrane and concentrated water in which impurities are concentrated without passing through the reverse osmosis membrane;
A reverse osmosis water tank for temporarily storing the reverse osmosis water;
A dialysate supply device for supplying a dialysate prepared by preparing the reverse osmosis water sent out from the reverse osmosis water tank;
A plurality of dialysers receiving the dialysate supply from the dialysate supply device;
A spent dialysate tank for temporarily storing a used dialysate composed of the dialysate used in the dialyzer;
A first heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the raw water supplied from the raw water supply unit and the concentrated water discharged from the reverse osmosis device;
A second heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the raw water that has passed through the first heat exchanger and the used dialysate discharged from the spent dialysate tank;
The reverse osmosis device operates intermittently,
During the operation of the reverse osmosis device, the amount of the stored dialysate in the spent dialysate tank decreases while the amount of the reverse osmosis water stored in the reverse osmosis water tank increases. And while the reverse osmosis device is stopped, the amount of the stored dialysate stored in the tank for the used dialysate decreases while the amount of stored reverse osmosis water in the tank for reverse osmosis water decreases. Increases the dialysis system.   The dialysis system according to claim 1, wherein the spent dialysate tank has a pipe-like outer shape extending in a horizontal direction.   The dialysis system according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of used dialysate tanks are provided.   The dialysis system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least a part of the spent dialysate tank is transparent. The spent dialysate tank includes a partition plate that is disposed at intervals in the extending direction of the spent dialysate tank and partitions the inside of the spent dialysate tank,
The dialysis system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the partition plate is provided with a plurality of through holes that serve as flow paths for the used dialysate.   The dialysis system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an overflow pipe is connected to the used dialysate tank.

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