JP6218214B2 - Frame and building - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a frame and a building, and in particular, includes a frame provided inside a rectangular frame surrounded by a pair of left and right vertical members, an upper horizontal member, and a lower horizontal member, and the frame. Is related to the building.

  Conventionally, as a structural form of a building, a composite structure is used in which a frame structure composed of columns and beams, an intermediate member such as a stud provided in the frame, and diagonal members such as streaks and braces are used. . In such a composite structure, the vertical and horizontal loads (seismic load and wind load) of the building are supported by the rigid frame, and the horizontal load is mainly borne by the intermediate members and diagonal members, thereby providing earthquake resistance (wind resistance). It is supposed to enhance the sex. As a composite structure, a brace structure including an intermediate member (intermediate column) provided by connecting intermediate positions of the upper and lower beams, and a brace extending and connected to the intermediate member from four column beam joints. Has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In this brace structure, the eccentric position of the intermediate member (between the connecting positions of the upper and lower braces) is concentrated by shifting the connecting positions of the pair of upper braces and the pair of lower braces up and down with respect to the intermediate member. Shear deformation is performed, and this eccentric part is used as an energy absorbing material.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-227061

  However, in the structure in which stress is concentrated on the eccentric portion of the intermediate member and energy is absorbed by the plastic deformation as in the conventional technique described in Patent Document 1, the peripheral members of the energy absorbing material are reinforced strongly. And a mechanism that prevents additional stress from acting on the peripheral members must be provided, resulting in a complicated structure and increased material and construction costs. Furthermore, in the conventional structure that concentrates stress on the energy absorber, it is necessary to increase the rigidity of the peripheral members of the energy absorber, and the initial stiffness of the entire frame becomes too high. In addition, there is a problem that the input to the building becomes excessive, the fixing portion of the column and the column beam joint are damaged, and the structural performance cannot be sufficiently improved.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a frame and a building that can simplify the structure and can be constructed at a low cost and can improve the structural performance.

  In order to achieve the above object, the frame body according to claim 1 is a frame body provided inside a rectangular frame surrounded by a pair of left and right vertical members, an upper horizontal member and a lower horizontal member, A main diagonal extending from one upper end to the other lower end of the pair of vertical members, and an upper diagonal extending diagonally downward from the other upper end of the pair of vertical members to the main diagonal. And a lower diagonal member extending obliquely upward from one lower end of one of the pair of vertical members to the main diagonal member, and connecting both ends of the main diagonal member and the pair of vertical members, respectively An upper first connecting member that connects the upper end of the upper diagonal and the other vertical member, and an upper second connecting member that connects the lower end of the upper diagonal and the main diagonal. And a bottom connecting the lower end of the lower diagonal member and the one vertical member. A first connecting member; a lower second connecting member that connects an upper end of the lower diagonal member and the main diagonal member; and the upper second connecting member and the lower second connecting member. The main diagonal member is provided so as to be spaced apart at substantially the same distance up and down across the central position in the longitudinal direction of the main diagonal member.

  According to such a frame structure of the present invention, the upper diagonal member and the lower diagonal member are connected to the main diagonal member eccentrically in the vertical direction from the center of the main diagonal member. Acts, the main diagonal, the upper diagonal and the lower diagonal bear the axial force as braces, resist the horizontal force, and the axial force borne by the upper diagonal and the lower diagonal As a result, a bending moment and a shearing force are generated in the main diagonal. In this way, the main diagonal functions as a bending material at the same time as the axial force material, thereby suppressing the horizontal rigidity of the frame body and reducing the toughness due to bending deformation compared to the axial force structure using X-type braces. Can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the acceleration input of seismic motion by suppressing the horizontal rigidity, improve the deformation performance by high toughness, and maintain the restoring force against external force such as seismic motion that is repeatedly input. High hysteresis energy absorption performance can be exhibited.

  Further, according to the present invention, the joining member that connects the main diagonal member to the vertical member, the upper first connecting member that connects the upper diagonal member to the vertical member, and the upper second member that connects the upper diagonal member to the main diagonal member. A pair (two) of each of the connection member, the lower first connection member that connects the lower diagonal member to the vertical member, and the lower second connection member that connects the lower diagonal member to the main diagonal member The members are connected to each other, and three or more members are not overlapped and connected to the same portion, so that the structure of the connecting portion can be simplified. For this reason, while being able to simplify and reduce the member shape of a joining member and each connection member, a connection operation | work can also be performed simply and rapidly, and the material cost and construction cost of each member can be suppressed.

The frame structure according to claim 2 is the frame structure according to claim 1, wherein the upper first connection member, the upper second connection member, the lower first connection member, and the lower second connection. At least one of the members is preferably a damping connection member provided with damping means.

  According to such a configuration, at least one of the upper diagonal member and the lower diagonal member and the vertical member or the main diagonal member are connected by the damping connecting member, so that the damping means is applied when a horizontal force is applied to the frame body. The damping force can be exerted, and the energy absorption can prevent the frame body from being damaged, and the structural performance can be further enhanced.

  The frame structure according to claim 3 is the frame structure according to claim 2, wherein the damping connection member is provided on one member to be connected and the other member is provided on the base member. It is preferable that the member has a movable member that can move relative to the member, and the damping means is configured to exhibit a damping force by relative movement between the base member and the movable member.

  According to such a configuration, the damping connection member is configured to exert a damping force by the relative movement of the base member and the moving member, so that at least one of the upper diagonal member and the lower diagonal member and the vertical member Alternatively, the transmission of stress at the connecting portion with the main diagonal can be efficiently converted into a damping force. In addition, at the connection portion between at least one of the upper diagonal member and the lower diagonal member and the vertical member or the main diagonal member, the base member of the damping connecting member and the moving member are caused to move relative to each other, thereby causing the initial horizontal level of the frame body. The rigidity is further suppressed, the acceleration input can be reduced, and the stress acting on the fixing portion of the vertical member and the joint portion with the horizontal member can be reduced to improve the structural performance.

  The frame structure according to claim 4 is the frame structure according to claim 3, wherein the base member is provided with a movement restricting portion for restricting movement of the moving member within a predetermined range. It is preferable.

  According to such a configuration, when the movement restricting portion restricts the movement of the moving member within a predetermined range, and the horizontal displacement of the frame is more than a certain level, the base member and the moving member in the attenuation connection member In other words, the upper and lower diagonal members, the vertical member and the main diagonal member are immovably connected to each other to prevent excessive horizontal displacement of the frame body. Can be prevented.

  The frame structure according to claim 5 is the frame structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the main diagonal material, the upper diagonal material, and the lower diagonal material are made of wood and bamboo, respectively. It is made of metal, resin, or a composite material obtained by combining a plurality of materials among the materials.

  According to such a configuration, an appropriate material can be selected according to the structure type and scale of the building, and a structural body with a structural performance corresponding to the strength and deformation performance of the material can be configured. Here, for example, in a relatively small building such as a wooden house, the main diagonal, the upper diagonal and the lower diagonal are made of wood or bamboo, or only the main diagonal is made of bamboo. The frame can be constructed at a relatively low cost. On the other hand, in the case of a steel frame building or the like, the main diagonal member, the upper diagonal member and the lower diagonal member are made of steel or other metal, so that the strength can be increased and a large horizontal force can be borne.

  A building according to a sixth aspect is characterized in that the frame structure according to any one of the first to fifth aspects is provided in a framework.

  Here, as the building of the present invention, its use (house, store, commercial building, factory, warehouse, etc.), scale (building area, volume, number of floors, etc.), structural type (wooden, steel structure, reinforced concrete structure, etc.) Are not limited, and the frame body of the present invention can be applied to various buildings. In the present invention, the vertical member means a member provided extending in the vertical direction such as a pillar, and the horizontal member means a member provided extending in the horizontal direction such as a beam, a foundation, or a base. In this case, the vertical direction and the horizontal direction include directions having a slight inclination.

  According to the present invention described above, since the upper diagonal member and the lower diagonal member are eccentrically connected to the main diagonal member, the main diagonal member functions as a bending member simultaneously with the axial force member. As a result, it is possible to reduce the acceleration input by suppressing the horizontal rigidity, and to improve the toughness by bending deformation and improve the deformation performance. Furthermore, since the structure of the connection part between each member can be simplified, simplification of the member shape and simplification of the connection work can be achieved, and the installation cost of the frame body can be suppressed.

It is a front view which shows the frame which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which expands and shows a part of said frame. It is a front view which shows the frame which concerns on the modification of this invention.

  Hereinafter, a framework of a building using a frame according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The building framework 1 using the frame body 10 of the present embodiment is a building such as a detached house or an apartment, for example, and is applied to a relatively small-scale building having a wooden frame structure and 2 to 3 floors. Is. The skeleton 1 includes a column C as a plurality of vertical members, a beam G1 as an upper horizontal member extending in the horizontal direction by connecting the upper ends of these columns C, and a horizontal direction by connecting the lower ends of the columns C. And a foundation beam G2 as a lower horizontal member extending in the direction. The foundation beam G2 is fixed to the upper part of a reinforced concrete foundation F. The lower horizontal member is not limited to the foundation beam, and may be a general beam. The frame body 10 is provided inside a rectangular frame W surrounded by a pair of left and right columns C and upper and lower beams G1 and foundation beams G2, and mainly applies horizontal force (earthquake load or wind load) acting on the building. It is provided in a balanced manner at a plurality of locations in the framework 1 of the building.

  The pillar C is made of wood such as cedar laminated wood having a square cross section, and has a cross-sectional dimension of 105 mm × 105 mm, for example. The beam G1 is made of wood such as cedar laminated wood having a square cross section, and has a cross-sectional dimension of 105 mm × 180 mm, for example. The foundation beam G2 is made of wood such as cedar laminated timber having a square cross section, and has a cross-sectional dimension of 105 mm × 105 mm, for example. The lower end of the column C is joined to the foundation beam G2 by a fixing member B1 provided from the foundation F through the foundation beam G2. The upper end of the column C is fixed to the beam G1 or joined to the beam G1 by a fixing member B2 that passes through the beam G1 and is fixed to an upper-level column (not shown). For these fixing members B1 and B2, for example, a hole-down hardware or an anchor bolt having a diameter of 30 mm can be used. Further, a transverse member T and a longitudinal member M for fixing the interior material and the exterior material along the side surface of the frame body 10 are provided inside the rectangular frame W.

  The frame 10 includes a main diagonal member 11 extending from the upper end of one (left side in FIG. 1) to the lower end of the other (right side in FIG. 1) column C, and the other of the pair of left and right columns C. An upper diagonal member 12 extending obliquely downward from the upper end portion of the column C to the main diagonal member 11, a lower diagonal member 13 extending obliquely upward from the lower end portion of the one column C and extending to the main diagonal member 11, The joining member 14 for connecting the upper and lower ends of the diagonal member 11 to the upper end portion of one column C and the lower end portion of the other column C, the upper end portion of the upper diagonal member 12 and the upper end portion of the other column C The upper first connecting member 15 to be connected, the damping connecting member 20 which is the upper second connecting member for connecting the lower end portion of the upper diagonal member 12 and the main diagonal member 11, and the lower end portion of the lower diagonal member 13 and one of them. The lower first connecting member 16 that connects the lower end of the column C, and the lower second connection that connects the upper end of the lower diagonal member 13 and the main diagonal member 11. And it is configured to include a damping connecting member 20 is a member. The main diagonal member 11, the upper diagonal member 12, and the lower diagonal member 13 are made of a laminated bamboo material having a cross-sectional dimension of 105 mm × 45 mm, for example.

  The joining member 14, the upper first connecting member 15, and the lower first connecting member 16 are made of the same member, are formed in a U-shaped cross section, and are fixed to the side surface of the column C with screws or bolts. The fixing unit 17 is connected to the fixing members B <b> 1 and B <b> 2, and the pair of connection units 18 extends from the fixing unit 17. The pair of connecting portions 18 are provided across the respective end portions of the main diagonal member 11, the upper diagonal member 12, and the lower diagonal member 13, and are rotatably connected by pins 19 penetrating them. That is, the main diagonal member 11, the upper diagonal member 12, and the lower diagonal member 13 are pin-bonded to the column C so that no bending moment is generated at the ends of these members.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the damping connection member 20 includes a base member 21 fixed to the main diagonal member 11 which is one member to be connected, and an upper diagonal member 12 and a lower diagonal member 13 which are the other members. And a viscoelastic body 23 as a damping means provided between the base member 21 and the moving member 22. The base member 21 includes a flat plate-shaped first base plate 21A fixed along the side surface of the main diagonal member 11, and a side-surface-shaped second base plate 21B fixed to cover the first base plate 21A. And a bolt 24 and a nut 25 for fixing them to the main diagonal member 11. The moving member 22 has a bottom surface portion 22A and a pair of side surface portions 22B rising from both end edges of the bottom surface portion 22A, and is formed in a U-shaped cross section. The end of the diagonal member 13 is rotatably attached. The moving member 22 is relatively movable along the axial direction of the main diagonal member 11 with respect to the base member 21 by inserting the bottom surface portion 22A between the first base plate 21A and the second base plate 21B. Is provided.

  The viscoelastic body 23 is provided as a pair between the first base plate 21A and the bottom surface portion 22A and between the second base plate 21B and the bottom surface portion 22A, that is, on the front and back of the bottom surface portion 22A. The viscoelastic body 23 is configured to be sheared and deformed by relative movement between the base member 21 and the moving member 22 and to exhibit a damping force by the deformation. Further, the second base plate 21B has a step portion 21C that constitutes an end portion of a gap through which the bottom surface portion 22A of the moving member 22 is inserted, and the moving member 22 is interposed between the step portion 21C and the bottom surface portion 22A. A movable clearance A is provided. Accordingly, the moving member 22 is configured to be movable toward the one side and the other side by the distance of the clearance A, and when the distance is moved, the moving member 22 abuts against the stepped portion 21C, and further movement is restricted. ing. In other words, the step 21C constitutes a movement restricting portion that restricts the movement of the moving member 22 within a predetermined range.

  In the frame 1 and the frame 10 described above, the dimensions of each part are, for example, a column span L that is the interval between the left and right columns C is 910 mm, and the inner height is the distance between the lower end of the beam G1 and the upper end of the foundation beam G2. The height H is set to 2700 mm. In addition, the connection position of the upper diagonal member 12 and the lower diagonal member 13 with respect to the main diagonal member 11, that is, the position of the damping connecting member 20, is separated by a substantially equal distance up and down across the longitudinal center position of the main diagonal member 11. The distance between the upper and lower attenuation connecting members 20 is set to about 1/3 of the length of the main diagonal member 11. In addition, the position of the attenuation connecting member 20 along the longitudinal direction of the main diagonal member 11 may be a position that causes the main diagonal member 11 to bend and deform as will be described later, and the upper and lower attenuation connecting members 20 approach each other. It is preferable that the distance is not excessively set, and the interval dimension may be set to about ¼ or more and ½ or less of the length of the main diagonal member 11. Further, the crossing angle formed by the main diagonal member 11, the upper diagonal member 12 and the lower diagonal member 13 is such that the base member 21 of the attenuation connecting member 20 and the moving member 22 are likely to be relatively displaced. Is preferably smaller, but it may be set to about 30 ° or more and 60 ° or less.

  Next, the operation of the frame body 10 will be described. When an external force such as an earthquake is input to the building, a horizontal force that causes the frame 1 to undergo shear deformation acts. For example, in FIG. 1, when a horizontal force from left to right is applied to the beam G1 position, a compression axial force is generated in the main diagonal member 11, and the main diagonal member 11 functions as a brace. At the same time, a tensile axial force is generated in the upper diagonal member 12, and the moving member 22 slides upward with respect to the base member 21 in the damping connection member 20 at the lower end thereof, and the sliding causes the viscoelastic body 23 to shear. Deformation occurs. Similarly, a tensile axial force is generated in the lower diagonal member 13, and the moving member 22 slides downward with respect to the base member 21 in the damping connection member 20 at the upper end portion thereof. Shear deformation occurs. In the range where the horizontal force acting in this way is small and the shear deformation of the framework 1 is small (for example, the interlayer deformation angle is about 1/200), the main diagonal 11 functions as a brace and the viscosity of the damping connecting member 20 The damping force by the elastic body 23 is exhibited, and the vibration of the building can be suppressed.

  Next, when the external force level increases and the horizontal force acting on the frame 1 increases and the shear deformation of the frame 1 increases to a certain extent (for example, the interlayer deformation angle is about 1/100), the damping connecting member 20 The moving member 22 is moved by the distance of the clearance A, and the movement is restricted by coming into contact with the step portion 21C of the base member 21, so that the main diagonal member 11, the upper diagonal member 12, and the lower diagonal member 13 cannot move. It will be pin-joined so that rotation is possible, and stress transmission is performed directly between these members. Specifically, the axial force component generated in the upper diagonal member 12 and the lower diagonal member 13 is transmitted to the main diagonal member 11 as an axial force and a shearing force, and a bending moment is generated in the main diagonal member 11. Since the component forces transmitted from the upper diagonal member 12 and the lower diagonal member 13 are thus symmetrical, the main diagonal member 11 has a bending moment and a shearing force that are upside down around the center in the longitudinal direction. As a result, the main diagonal 11 is deformed into an S shape. That is, the main diagonal 11 functions as a brace that bears an axial force, and also functions as a bending material that bears a bending moment and a shearing force.

  According to the present embodiment described above, the main diagonal member 11 functions as a bending material at the same time as the bracing (axial force material), so that the toughness by bending deformation can be enhanced while suppressing the horizontal rigidity of the frame body 10. . Therefore, the acceleration input such as seismic motion can be reduced by suppressing the horizontal rigidity, and the deformation performance can be improved by high toughness, and the restoring force is maintained against the external force such as repeatedly inputted seismic motion. High hysteresis energy absorption performance. Further, since the main diagonal member 11 and the upper diagonal member 12 and the lower diagonal member 13 and the damping connecting member 20 are connected, when the horizontal force acts on the frame body 10, the damping force by the viscoelastic body 23 is exhibited. The energy absorption can prevent the frame 10 and the frame 1 from being damaged, and the structural performance can be further enhanced. Further, when a large external force is applied, the movement of the moving member 22 is restricted by coming into contact with the stepped portion 21 </ b> C of the base member 21 in the damping connection member 20, so that the frame 10 and the frame 1 are excessively horizontal. The collapse of the building can be prevented by preventing displacement.

  In addition, embodiment mentioned above only showed the typical form of this invention, and this invention is not limited to embodiment. That is, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the main diagonal member 11, the upper diagonal member 12, and the lower diagonal member 13 are made of a bamboo laminated material with respect to the framework 1 in the wooden building of the column C, the beam G 1, and the foundation beam G 2. Although the body 10 is provided, the main diagonal member 11, the upper diagonal member 12 and the lower diagonal member 13 may be made of wood, and each member may be made of steel or reinforced concrete, not limited to wood or bamboo. However, it may be a mixture of wooden or bamboo and steel or reinforced concrete. Further, the frame structure of the present invention is not limited to a structure provided in a relatively small building such as a 2-3-story detached house, but can also be applied to office buildings, warehouses, school buildings, and the like. Furthermore, the frame body of the present invention is not limited to a structure that is incorporated into a framework when a new building is constructed, but can also be used as a seismic reinforcement frame that is attached to an existing building later.

  Moreover, the frame of the present invention may be as shown in FIG. Specifically, in the frame body 10A, the lower end portion of the upper diagonal member 12 and the main diagonal member 11 are connected by the upper second connection member 31 instead of the attenuation connection member 20 in the frame body 10 of the above embodiment. An upper end portion of the lower diagonal member 13 and the main diagonal member 11 are connected by a lower second connecting member 32. The upper second connecting member 31 and the lower second connecting member 32 include a fixing portion 33 fixed to the side surface of the main diagonal member 11 with screws and bolts, a pair of connecting portions 34 extending from the fixing portion 33, and an upper inclined member. And a pin 35 penetrating through the end portions of the material 12 and the lower diagonal material 13 and having a U-shaped cross section. Further, in the upper second connecting member 31 and the lower second connecting member 32, a notch (notch) is formed at the boundary portion between the fixed portion 33 and the connecting portion 34, and the upper diagonal member 12 and the lower side When the force acting on the main diagonal member 11 from the diagonal member 13 exceeds a certain value, it is bent by the notch, thereby preventing an excessive force from acting on the main diagonal member 11. According to such a frame body 10A, although the energy absorption by the attenuation connection member 20 cannot be expected unlike the frame body 10 of the above-described embodiment, the same effects as the frame body 10 are obtained in other respects.

  Further, according to the frame body 10A, when the external force level increases and the horizontal force acting on the frame 1 increases and the shear deformation of the frame 1 increases (for example, the interlayer deformation angle is about 1/50), Since the stress acting on the main diagonal member 11 and the upper diagonal member 12 and the lower diagonal member 13 that are pin-bonded to each other increases, the transmission stress of the upper second connecting member 31 and the lower second connecting member 32 also increases. Thus, these members are bent at the notch portion, and stress transmission is suppressed, and energy absorption by plastic deformation of the notch portion is performed. That is, the load shearing force of the frame body 10A reaches a peak, and the stress transmitted from the frame body 10A to the column C is suppressed, so that the column C and the fixing members B1 and B2 are prevented from being broken. It has become. Even in this case, the main diagonal member 11 functions as a brace and also functions as a bending member, so that the stress applied by the main diagonal member 11 having toughness as a bending member can be maintained.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Frame 10 Frame 11 Main diagonal 12 Upper diagonal 13 Upper diagonal 14 Joint member 15 Upper first connection member 16 Lower first connection member 20 Attenuation connection member (upper second connection member, lower second connection) Element)
21 Base member 21C Step part (movement restricting part)
22 moving member 23 viscoelastic body (damping means)
31 Upper second connecting member 32 Lower second connecting member C Column (vertical member)
G1 beam (horizontal member)
G2 Foundation beam (horizontal member)
W Rectangular frame

Claims (6)

A frame provided inside a rectangular frame surrounded by a pair of left and right vertical members and an upper horizontal member and a lower horizontal member,
A main diagonal member extending from one upper end to the other lower end of the pair of vertical members;
An upper diagonal member extending obliquely downward from the other upper end of the pair of vertical members to the main diagonal member;
A lower diagonal member extending obliquely upward from one lower end of the pair of vertical members to the main diagonal member;
A joining member for connecting both ends of the main diagonal member and the pair of vertical members,
An upper first connecting member connecting the upper end of the upper diagonal member and the other vertical member;
An upper second connecting member that connects the lower end of the upper diagonal and the main diagonal;
A lower first connecting member that connects a lower end of the lower diagonal member and the one vertical member;
A lower second connecting member for connecting the upper end portion of the lower diagonal member and the main diagonal member,
The frame structure, wherein the upper second connecting member and the lower second connecting member are provided at an approximately equal distance in the vertical direction across the longitudinal center position of the main diagonal member. At least one of the upper first connection member, the upper second connection member, the lower first connection member, and the lower second connection member is an attenuation connection member provided with attenuation means. The frame structure according to claim 1. The attenuation connection member has a base member fixed to one member to be connected, and a moving member provided on the other member and movable relative to the base member,
The frame structure according to claim 2, wherein the damping means is configured to exhibit a damping force by relative movement between the base member and the moving member.   4. The frame body according to claim 3, wherein in the attenuation connecting member, the base member is provided with a movement restricting portion that restricts movement of the moving member within a predetermined range.   The main diagonal, the upper diagonal, and the lower diagonal are each made of wood, bamboo, metal, or resin, or made of a composite material in which a plurality of materials are combined. The frame according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the frame is provided.   A building comprising the frame according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in a framework.

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