JP6211348B2 - Chicken feed for meat - Google Patents
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- JP6211348B2 JP6211348B2 JP2013170986A JP2013170986A JP6211348B2 JP 6211348 B2 JP6211348 B2 JP 6211348B2 JP 2013170986 A JP2013170986 A JP 2013170986A JP 2013170986 A JP2013170986 A JP 2013170986A JP 6211348 B2 JP6211348 B2 JP 6211348B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Description
本発明は、肉用鶏用飼料、肉用鶏の増体向上方法及び肉用鶏の飼育環境改善方法等に関する。 The present invention relates to a feed for meat chickens, a method for improving the growth of meat chickens, a method for improving the breeding environment for chickens for meat, and the like.
養鶏には、採卵鶏（レイヤー）と肉用鶏（ブロイラー）とがあるが、一般的に、採卵鶏と肉用鶏では、成育速度、体重及び飼育期間が大きく異なる。
採卵鶏では、産卵開始時期が一般的にふ化後１５０日程度で体重が１６００ｇ程度で産卵可能な成鶏となるのに対し、肉用鶏では、一般的にふ化後５週齢（３５日齢）程度で体重が２２００ｇ程度の小型で出荷可能、及びふ化後７週齢（５０日齢）程度で体重が３０００ｇ程度の大型で出荷可能な大雛となる。そのため、成育の増体重（成長）は、採卵鶏と比較し、肉用鶏の方が非常に早い。
There are egg-laying chickens (layers) and meat chickens (broilers).
In egg-laying hens, the egg-laying start time is generally about 150 days after hatching, and the weight is about 1600 g, and adults can lay eggs, whereas meat chickens are generally 5 weeks old (35-day-old) after hatching. ) And can be shipped in a small size with a weight of about 2200 g, and can be shipped in a large size with a weight of about 3000 g at about 7 weeks of age (50 days) after hatching. Therefore, the weight gain (growth) for growth is much faster for meat chickens than for egg-laying chickens.
肉用鶏の発育ステージは、一般的に、３週齢前後までの肥育前期と、３週齢以降から７〜８週齢での出荷までの肥育後期とに分けられ、肥育前期は、消化能力もまだ十分発達していないことから、消化性のよい飼料が給与されている。また、肉用鶏は、短期間で急速に増体（成長）させて出荷することから、高カロリーな飼料が給与されている（非特許文献１）。 The growth stage of beef chickens is generally divided into the first period of fattening up to around 3 weeks of age and the later stage of fattening from 3 weeks of age to shipment at 7-8 weeks of age. Since it is not yet fully developed, it is fed with digestible feed. In addition, meat chickens are rapidly increased in number (growth) in a short period and shipped before being fed with high-calorie feed (Non-patent Document 1).
そして、例えば、特許文献１には、７日齢までは予備飼育をして成育させた後、チャンキー種雄ブロイラーの肉用鶏に、繊維分のコーンコブミール（コーン穂軸の粉砕物）２〜１０質量部を市販飼料１００質量部に対して単に追加しただけの飼料を７〜４９日齢の間給与したところ、肉用鶏であるにも関わらず体重が殆ど変わらず、繊維分を多く配合すると悪影響があることが開示されている。
一般的に、肉用鶏を飼育し、食用鶏肉を生産する肉用鶏業界では、肉用鶏の増体量が向上することで、産肉量（歩留り）の向上が期待されるため、肉用鶏の増体可能な飼料が肉用鶏業界では種々検討されている。
And, for example, in Patent Document 1, up to 7 days of age, after preliminary breeding and growth, the meat chicken of chunky male broiler is fed with corn cob meal (corn cob pulverized product) 2 to 2 Feeding only 10 parts by weight of 100 parts by weight of commercial feed for 7 to 49 days of age, the weight remains almost unchanged despite being a chicken for meat, and contains a large amount of fiber. Then, it is disclosed that there is an adverse effect.
Generally, in the meat chicken industry, where meat chickens are bred and produce edible chickens, the increase in meat production (yield) is expected by increasing the amount of meat chickens gained. There are various studies in the meat chicken industry on feeds that can increase chicken consumption.
そこで、本発明は、斯かる実状に鑑み、肉用鶏の肥育前期の増体向上の可能な飼料及び肥育前期の増体向上方法を提供するものである。 Therefore, in view of such a situation, the present invention provides a feed capable of increasing the body weight of beef chickens in the first period of fattening and a method for improving body weight gain in the first period of fattening.
本発明者らは、肉用鶏の肥育期（特に肥育前期）の成育状況を良好にさせることについて鋭意検討を行った。肉用鶏業界においては、早期に増体させて出荷するため、消化性がよく、なおかつ栄養価が高く高カロリーな飼料を、餌付期の飼料として、ふ化後から幼雛に給与し、雛の健康管理や増体管理を行なっている。
また、繊維分は難消化性であるため、繊維分の多い物を飼料に配合し、肥育前期における初期（餌付期又は肥育前期）の雛に給与した場合、この時期は腸管内細菌叢が未発達なため、その後の肉用鶏の成育を悪くすると考えられていた。
このことは、特許文献１において、栄養価が高く高カロリーな餌付期用飼料をふ化後の雛に給与し予備飼育すること、また８日齢後の雛に繊維分を多く給与すると雛の増体向上に悪い影響が生じていることからも明らかである。
このように、肥育前期又は餌付期において、難消化性及び低カロリーの繊維分を給与することは、当業者にとって成育状況を悪くする可能性が高い行為と認識され、非常識と考えられていた。
The present inventors diligently studied to improve the growth status of beef chickens during the fattening period (particularly during the first fattening period). In the meat chicken industry, because it is increased in size and shipped early, feed that is highly digestible, nutritious and high in calories is fed to the young chicks after hatching as feed during the feeding period. Health management and weight gain management.
In addition, since the fiber content is indigestible, when the fiber content is mixed with the feed and fed to the early chick (feeding or early fattening) chick, Because it was undeveloped, it was thought to worsen the subsequent growth of chickens for meat.
This is because in Patent Document 1, feeding a high-caloric and high-calorie feed for the feeding period to the hatched chicks and pre-breeding, and feeding 8 days old chicks with a lot of fiber, It is also clear from the negative effects on weight gain.
Thus, in the early fattening period or feeding period, feeding indigestible and low calorie fiber is recognized as an act that is highly likely to worsen the growth situation for those skilled in the art, and is considered insane. It was.
しかしながら、本発明者らは、後記実施例に示すように、敢えて、繊維分が多いもみ殻又はもみ米の粉砕物を使用した飼料を、ふ化０日齢から、肥育前期の肉用鶏に給与した。そして、本発明者らは、もみ殻又はもみ米の粉砕物を使用した飼料を給与した際の、肉用鶏の肥育期（特に肥育前期）の成育状況に対する影響について検討を行った。
この結果、全く意外にも、繊維分の多いもみ殻又はもみ米の粉砕物を使用した飼料を肥育前期（特に餌付期）の肉用鶏に給与することで、肥育前期の肉用鶏の成育状況が良好となること、さらにその後の肥育期の肉用鶏の成育状況（増体）も良好となることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。
しかも、もみ殻又はもみ米の粉砕物を使用した飼料を給与することで、肥育前期の肉用鶏の腸管内細菌叢の改善及び飼育環境の改善も認められた。
また、もみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物含有の飼料原料を粉砕及び加熱調湿し成型したペレットを粉砕したペレットクランブルをふ化後０日齢から給与した場合、肉用鶏の肥育前期の成育状況は良好であった。
However, as shown in the examples below, the present inventors dare to feed feed using crushed rice husk or rice husk having a high fiber content from the 0th day of hatching to meat chickens in the early fattening period. did. And the present inventors examined the influence with respect to the growth condition of the fattening period (especially the first fattening period) of the chicken for meat when feeding the feed using the ground material of rice hulls or rice grains.
As a result of this, surprisingly, the feed using the pulverized rice husk or rice husk with a high fiber content was fed to the meat chickens in the first fattening period (especially the feeding period). The present inventors have found that the growth situation is good and that the growth situation (gain) of meat chickens in the subsequent fattening period is also good, thus completing the present invention.
In addition, feeding the feed using crushed rice husk or rice husk also improved the intestinal flora and the breeding environment of meat chickens in the early fattening period.
In the case of feeding from 0 days of age after hatching pellet crumble, which is made by pulverizing and heat-controlling feed ingredients containing crushed rice husks and / or rice husks, The situation was good.
すなわち、本発明は、もみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物含有の飼料原料をペレットにした肉用鶏用飼料を提供するものである。この飼料は肥育前期用飼料としてもよい。
また、本発明は、もみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物を含有する餌付期に給与するための肉用鶏用飼料を提供するものである。
また、前記飼料は肥育前期増体向上用としてもよい。
That is, this invention provides the feed for chickens for meat which made the feed raw material containing the pulverized material of a rice husk and / or a rice bran into a pellet. This feed may be a feed for the first period of fattening.
Moreover, this invention provides the feed for chickens for meat for feeding in the feeding season containing the ground material of rice husk and / or rice husk.
In addition, the feed may be used for improving weight gain in the first period of fattening.
また、本発明は、前記肉用鶏用飼料を、肥育前期に給与する肉用鶏の増体向上方法、肉用鶏の飼育環境の改善方法又は肉用鶏の腸管内細菌叢の改善方法を提供するものである。 Further, the present invention provides a method for increasing the number of meat chickens fed in the first period of fattening, the method for improving the breeding environment of the meat chickens, or the method for improving the intestinal flora of the meat chickens. It is to provide.
本発明によれば、肉用鶏の肥育前期の増体向上の可能な飼料及び肥育前期の増体向上方法を提供することが可能となる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it becomes possible to provide the feed which can improve the body weight increase in the fattening early period of the meat chicken, and the body weight gain improving method in the fattening period.
本開示の飼料は、もみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物含有の飼料原料をペレット（好適にはペレットクランブル）にした肉用鶏用飼料（以下、それぞれを「本開示のペレット飼料」及び「本開示のペレットクランブル飼料」ともいう）；もみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物を含有する餌付期に給与するための肉用鶏用飼料である。
本開示に用いる「もみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物」は、もみ殻及び／又はもみ米を粉砕したものである。当該もみ米粉砕物中には、もみ殻が含まれるものである。
ここで、「もみ米」とは、イネの穂から種子をとって米の最も外側にある外皮部分（もみ殻）のついた状態のものをいう。
前記粉砕は、公知の粉砕機により行うことが可能である。このときのもみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物の大きさは、好ましくは粒径３．５ｍｍ〜０．１５ｍｍ程度であり、より好ましくは粒径１．０ｍｍ〜０．１５ｍｍである。
なお、粉砕物の粒径は、粉砕後の篩のメッシュ幅により決定する。
また、一般的に給与飼料は飼料原料の大きさを必要に応じて調製するが、例えば、ペレット成型前に全ての飼料原料を粉末にしてペレット成型する方法；ペレット成型前に一部の飼料原料はある程度の大きさを残したままペレット成型する方法等がある。上記飼料原料の粉砕物は、必要に応じて、上記のもみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物のような大きさに調製すればよく、例示のどちらの方法でペレット成型してもよい。
The feed of the present disclosure is a feed for chicken for meat (hereinafter referred to as “pellet feed of the present disclosure” and “ It is also referred to as “pellet crumble feed of the present disclosure”; meat feed for chicken for feeding in a feeding season containing ground rice husk and / or rice crushed rice.
The “pulverized rice husk and / or rice” used in the present disclosure is obtained by pulverizing rice husk and / or rice. The ground rice mash contains rice husk.
As used herein, “rice field” refers to a state in which seeds are taken from the ears of rice and the outermost skin portion (rice husk) of rice is attached.
The pulverization can be performed by a known pulverizer. The size of the rice husk and / or the crushed rice is preferably about 3.5 mm to 0.15 mm in particle size, more preferably 1.0 mm to 0.15 mm in particle size.
The particle size of the pulverized product is determined by the mesh width of the sieve after pulverization.
In general, feed feed is prepared as needed according to the size of the feed material. For example, all feed materials are powdered before pellet molding and pelletized; some feed materials before pellet molding There is a method of forming a pellet while leaving a certain size. The pulverized material of the feed raw material may be prepared in a size similar to the crushed material of rice husk and / or rice husk as necessary, and may be pelletized by any of the exemplified methods.
一般的に、肉用鶏において、肥育前期は、消費能力もまだ十分発達していないことから、消化性のよい飼料が給与され、また、短期間で急速に増体（成長）させることから高カロリーな飼料が給与される。特に、餌付期飼料(特に０〜１４日齢前後までに給与する飼料）は、ふ化直後の雛に給与するものであるため、消化吸収性もよく、高カロリーかつ栄養リッチなものにすることが当業界での常識である。
このため、繊維分が多く難消化性かつ低カロリーのものを、肥育前期又は餌付期の肉用鶏に、給与することは、増体向上には適さないと肉用鶏業界では考えられていた。しかも、腸管内細菌叢が未発達な肥育前期又は餌付期の肉用鶏に、難消化性の繊維分が多いものを給与することは、腸管内細菌叢を改善させるには適さないと肉用鶏業界では考えられていた。
このようなことが肉用鶏業界で考えられていたことは、現に、特許文献１のような、繊維分が多いコーン穂軸の粉砕物を、ふ化直後から雛に給与せずにある程度成育した後の雛に給与していることからも明らかである。しかも、特許文献１には、増体の速い肉用鶏の雛であっても、雛の増体が向上していないことからすると、繊維分を、肥育前期、特に餌付期の肉用鶏に給与しようとしない理由が示されていると言える。
Generally, in meat chickens, during the first period of fattening, the consumption capacity is not yet fully developed, so a highly digestible feed is fed, and rapid growth (growth) is achieved in a short period of time. Caloric feed is fed. In particular, feed with feed (especially feed by around 0-14 days of age) should be fed to chicks immediately after hatching, so it should have good digestibility and high calorie and nutrient richness. Is common sense in the industry.
For this reason, it is considered in the meat chicken industry that feeding fiber-resistant, low-calorie and low-calorie chickens for meat in the early fattening or feeding period is not suitable for improving body weight gain. It was. In addition, feeding meat chickens with high indigestible fiber content to beef chickens in the early fattening or feeding period, where the intestinal microflora is not yet developed, is not suitable for improving the intestinal microflora. It was considered in the chicken industry.
The fact that such a thing was considered in the meat chicken industry was that the corn cobs pulverized material having a high fiber content, as in Patent Document 1, was grown to some extent without feeding the chicks immediately after hatching. It is clear from the fact that she is paying her later chicks. Moreover, even in the case of chickens for beef with quick growth, Patent Document 1 describes that the increase in the number of chicks is not improved. The reason for not trying to pay is shown.
上述のような実状において、難消化性で低カロリーの繊維分が多いもみ殻及び／又はもみ米を、肥育前期又は餌付期の肉用鶏に給与することは、明らかに肉用鶏業界の常識外れの行為と言える。
ところが、本発明者らは、もみ殻及び/又はもみ米の粉砕処理物を使用した飼料を、肉用鶏の肥育前期に給与したところ、肥育前期の肉用鶏の増体が向上し、その後の肥育期も良好に増体し、肉用鶏が早期に出荷目標の体重に達し易くなることを見出し、このことは全くの意外にほかならない。さらに、肥育前期のような腸管内細菌叢が未発達な幼雛の時期から、難消化性の繊維分であるもみ殻及び／又はもみ米を給与したにも拘わらず、鶏の腸管内容物の大腸菌数が低減すること、また糞水分が減少することが認められたことも意外であった。そして、糞水分が減少することによって、飼育環境が改善され、それにより大腸菌症の発症が抑えられるため、肥育期の成育状況も良好になる。
In the actual situation as described above, feeding rice husk and / or rice with high digestibility and low calorie fiber content to meat chickens in the early fattening period or feeding period is clearly in the meat chicken industry. It can be said that this is an uncommon act.
However, the inventors of the present invention fed feed using the ground rice husk and / or rice crushed rice during the early fattening period of the meat chicken, and the increase of the meat chicken during the early fattening period was improved. The fattening period of the meat increased well, and it was found that meat chickens could easily reach the shipping target weight at an early stage, which is absolutely surprising. Furthermore, from the time of the young chicks in which the intestinal bacterial flora is not yet developed, such as in the early fattening period, despite the supply of rice husk and / or rice that are indigestible fiber, the intestinal contents of the chicken Surprisingly, it was observed that the number of E. coli was reduced and fecal water was reduced. And, since the dung water is reduced, the breeding environment is improved, thereby suppressing the onset of colibacillosis, so that the growth situation in the fattening period is also improved.
ところで、一般的に、肉用鶏を飼育する際に、肉用鶏の主流である平飼いの場合には飼育床に、ケージ飼育の場合にはケージの下に糞が堆積されることになる。この糞が常に清掃されることが望ましいが、肉用鶏では、雛から成鶏となって出荷するまでの期間、糞尿を鶏舎外に排出しない飼育形態を取ることが多いため、実際には一定期間放置され、また放置されることによって床にこびりつき清掃が難しくなる。特に、鶏の腸管内容物の大腸菌量及び糞の水分含有量が多いと、肉用鶏の発育及び健康を損ないやすく飼育環境が悪化することとなるし、また、ヒトの作業効率も低下させる。
また、肉用鶏では、従来から、衛生上の障害として、大腸菌症が大きな問題となっている（日本家禽学会誌第３０巻２号（１９９３年） １４２−１４６頁参照）。鶏大腸菌症の発生は、鶏舎内環境の条件や飼育環境が原因と考えられ、例えば、肉用鶏で一般的な平飼いよりもケージ飼いの方が、大腸菌症の発生が抑えられるとの報告も存在する（日本家禽学会誌第３６巻３号（１９９９年） １９０−１９３頁参照。）。さらに、鶏舎内の塵埃中の大腸菌数は３週頃にピークに達し、その１週間後頃に大腸菌性敗血症が発生するとの報告も存在する（鶏病研究会報 第２４巻増刊号（１９８８年） １−１１頁参照。）。このように、従来、肉用鶏業界で大きな問題となる大腸菌症は、鶏舎内環境や飼育環境が原因と考えられていることから、大腸菌症の問題の観点からも、上記環境の改善が求められている。
By the way, in general, when raising meat chickens, feces are deposited on the breeding floor in the case of flat breeds, which are the mainstream of meat chickens, and below cages in the case of cage breeding. . Although it is desirable that the feces be constantly cleaned, in the case of meat chickens, it is often a breeding form that does not discharge manure outside the poultry house during the period from chicks to adult chickens, so in practice it is constant. If left unattended for a period of time, it will stick to the floor, making cleaning difficult. In particular, if the amount of Escherichia coli in the intestinal contents of chicken and the water content of feces are high, the growth and health of meat chickens are likely to be impaired, and the breeding environment will be deteriorated, and the human working efficiency will also be reduced.
Further, in meat chickens, E. coli has been a major problem as a sanitary obstacle (see Journal of the Japanese Poultry Society, Vol. 30, No. 2, (1993), pages 142-146). The occurrence of chicken colibacillosis is thought to be caused by the conditions of the poultry house and the breeding environment. For example, it has been reported that caged chickens can suppress the occurrence of colibacillosis compared to the normal breeding of chickens for meat. (See Journal of the Japanese Poultry Society, Vol. 36, No. 3 (1999), pages 190-193). In addition, the number of E. coli in the dust in the poultry house reached a peak around 3 weeks, and there is a report that E. coli septicemia occurs about 1 week later (chicken disease research group report volume 24 extra number (1988)). (See page 1-11.) As described above, the colibacillosis, which has been a major problem in the meat chicken industry, has been considered to be caused by the environment in the poultry house and the breeding environment. It has been.
上述の肉用鶏の飼育実態に対し、本開示のもみ殻及び／又はもみ米粉砕物を使用した飼料を肥育前期又は餌付期に給与することによって、鶏の腸管内容物の大腸菌量及び糞の水分含有量を低減することが可能となった。このことは、上述の従来の肉用鶏業界で問題となっていた飼育環境改善をも解決できるため、この点においても本開示の飼料は優れた利点を有する。
また、本開示の飼料によって、腸管内容物や糞中の大腸菌量及び／又は糞の水分含有量が低減すれば、鶏舎内の敷料由来の粉塵中の大腸菌数も減少すると考えられ、大腸菌性敗血症等の大腸菌症の発生も抑制されると考えられる。
In contrast to the aforementioned breeding situation of chickens for meat, the amount of E. coli and feces of the intestinal contents of the chicken can be obtained by feeding the feed using the ground rice husk and / or crushed rice of the present disclosure in the early fattening period or feeding period. It has become possible to reduce the water content of. Since this can also solve the breeding environment improvement which has been a problem in the above-described conventional meat chicken industry, the feed of the present disclosure also has an excellent advantage in this respect.
In addition, if the amount of Escherichia coli in the intestinal tract contents and feces and / or the water content of feces is reduced with the feed of the present disclosure, the number of coliforms in the dust derived from the litter in the poultry house will also be reduced. It is thought that the occurrence of colibacillosis such as is suppressed.
上述のように、もみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物を使用した飼料を用いて、肥育前期又は餌付期の肉用鶏の成育状況を良好にさせることは、肉用鶏業界では全く予測もつかないことと言える。 As mentioned above, using the feed made from crushed rice husks and / or rice husks to improve the growth of beef chickens in the early fattening or feeding period is completely unforeseeable in the meat chicken industry. It can be said that it does not connect.
また、本開示の飼料は、もみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物を含む飼料原料をペレットにしたものが好適である。
前記飼料原料は、もみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物と他の飼料成分の粉砕物とを混合させたもの：もみ殻及び／又はもみ米と他の飼料成分を配合し粉砕処理したもの等が挙げられ、粉砕の前後は特に限定されない。
前記飼料原料の粉砕は、成型前に粉砕物となっていればよいので、加熱調湿後に粉砕が行われてもよく、また粉砕後に加熱調湿が行われてもよく、粉砕及び加熱調湿が同時に行われてもよい。
そして、前記飼料原料を粉砕及び加熱調湿し、ペレットにする場合には、公知のペレットミル（製造装置）を使用すればよい。
一例として、配合飼料原料の粉砕物に高圧水蒸気を吹き込みながら、圧力をかけてダイをとおして押し出し成型され、ペレットが得られる。さらに、得られたペレットを粉砕して、ペレットクランブルにすることが、餌付期の肉用鶏の成育状態が良好な飼料を得られるため、好適である。
In addition, the feed of the present disclosure is preferably a pellet of a feed raw material containing crushed rice husk and / or rice husk.
The feed raw material is a mixture of crushed rice husk and / or rice mash and a pulverized product of other feed ingredients: rice husk and / or rice mash mixed with other feed ingredients and pulverized, etc. And before and after the pulverization are not particularly limited.
The feed raw material may be pulverized before molding so that it may be pulverized after heating and humidity conditioning, or may be heated and conditioned after grinding. May be performed simultaneously.
And when the said feed raw material is grind | pulverized and heat-conditioned and made into a pellet, what is necessary is just to use a well-known pellet mill (manufacturing apparatus).
As an example, while high-pressure steam is blown into the pulverized product feed raw material, pressure is applied and extrusion is performed through a die to obtain pellets. Furthermore, it is preferable to pulverize the obtained pellets to make a pellet crumble, because a feed with a good growth state of the meat chicken in the feeding period can be obtained.
前記成型前の粉砕処理は、上述のもみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物を得るように行うことが好ましい。
前記加熱調湿では、水蒸気（例えば常圧水蒸気、過熱水蒸気、高圧高温水蒸気等）を用いることが好適である。前記加熱調湿の処理温度は、好ましくは３０〜１１０℃、より好ましくは６０〜９５℃であり、また加熱調湿の処理時間は、好ましくは５秒〜１０分間、より好ましくは３０秒〜３分間である。常圧とは、ほぼ一気圧のことである。
得られたペレットの大きさは、特に限定されず、好ましくは１〜４ｍｍ、より好ましくは１．５〜４ｍｍ、さらに好ましくは２．５〜３．５ｍｍである。また、ペレットにはミニペレットもあるが、このミニペレットの場合には、餌付期に給与することが可能な大きさが好ましく、より好ましくは１．０〜３．５ｍｍである。
また、ペレットクランブルの大きさは、特に限定されず、好ましくは１．０〜３．５ｍｍ、より好ましくは１．２〜３．０ｍｍである。
なお、ペレット、ミニペレットの大きさは径であり、ペレットクランブルの大きさは、篩のメッシュ幅により決定するものである。
The pulverization before molding is preferably performed so as to obtain the above-mentioned crushed rice husk and / or rice husk.
In the heating and humidity adjustment, it is preferable to use water vapor (for example, normal-pressure water vapor, superheated water vapor, high-pressure high-temperature water vapor, or the like). The processing temperature of the heat and humidity conditioning is preferably 30 to 110 ° C, more preferably 60 to 95 ° C, and the processing time of the heat and humidity conditioning is preferably 5 seconds to 10 minutes, more preferably 30 seconds to 3 For minutes. The normal pressure is approximately one atmospheric pressure.
The magnitude | size of the obtained pellet is not specifically limited, Preferably it is 1-4 mm, More preferably, it is 1.5-4 mm, More preferably, it is 2.5-3.5 mm. Moreover, although there exists a mini pellet in a pellet, in the case of this mini pellet, the magnitude | size which can be supplied in a feeding period is preferable, More preferably, it is 1.0-3.5 mm.
Moreover, the magnitude | size of a pellet crumble is not specifically limited, Preferably it is 1.0-3.5 mm, More preferably, it is 1.2-3.0 mm.
The size of the pellets and mini-pellets is the diameter, and the size of the pellet crumble is determined by the mesh width of the sieve.
本開示に用いられるもみ殻及び／又はもみ米の含有量は、飼料原料中に、もみ殻換算で、好ましくは１〜１２質量％、より好ましくは１．５〜１０質量％であり、さらに好ましくは２〜６質量％である。なお、もみ殻換算とは、飼料原料中に含まれるもみ殻の量である。
また、本開示で用いられるもみ米の含有量は、飼料原料中に、もみ米換算で、好ましくは５〜６０質量％であり、より好ましくは１０〜５０質量％であり、より好ましくは１０〜３０質量％である。
なお、これらの含有量は、粉砕物の含有量であってもよい。また、もみ米中のもみ殻の含有量は、米の品種や栽培方法などによって異なるが、一般的には１８〜２０質量％である場合が多い。
The content of rice husk and / or rice husk used in the present disclosure is preferably 1 to 12% by mass, more preferably 1.5 to 10% by mass, and more preferably in terms of rice husk in the feed raw material. Is 2 to 6% by mass. The rice husk conversion is the amount of rice husk contained in the feed material.
Moreover, the content of the glutinous rice used in the present disclosure is preferably 5 to 60% by mass, more preferably 10 to 50% by mass, and more preferably 10 to 50% by mass in terms of glutinous rice in the feed raw material. 30% by mass.
These contents may be the contents of the pulverized product. Further, the content of rice husk in the rice is different depending on the rice cultivar and the cultivation method, but generally it is often 18 to 20% by mass.
本開示の肉用鶏用飼料に含有させる、もみ殻及び／又はもみ米以外の任意の飼料成分は、特に限定されない。当該任意の飼料成分として、各肥育期に応じた飼料組成を用いることが好ましい。
ちなみに、各肥育期に応じた飼料組成とは、肥育前期用飼料（０〜２１日齢用）、肥育後期用飼料（２２〜６０日齢用）等の肥育用飼料等が挙げられ、市販品を用いてもよい。
Arbitrary feed ingredients other than the rice husk and / or the rice paddy contained in the meat chicken feed of the present disclosure are not particularly limited. As the optional feed component, it is preferable to use a feed composition corresponding to each fattening period.
By the way, feed composition according to each fattening period includes feed for fattening such as feed for early fattening (for 0-21 days old), feed for late fattening (for 22-60 days old), etc. May be used.
前記任意の飼料成分の原材料として、例えば、とうもろこし、マイロ、大麦、小麦等の籾米以外の穀類；大豆粕、菜種粕等の植物性油粕類；ふすま等の糟糠類；魚粉、肉骨粉等の動物性飼料；食塩、オリゴ糖類、各種ビタミン類、各種ミネラル類、炭酸カルシウム、リン酸カルシウム等；メチオニン等のアミノ酸類及び有機酸類；消化酵素；抗生物質等から選ばれる１種又は２種以上の飼料原料を配合することが可能である。
また、籾米以外の穀類の含有量は、飼料原料中に、特に限定されないが、好ましくは４０〜８０質量％、より好ましくは３０〜７０質量％である。また、植物性油粕類の含有量は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは５〜３０質量％、より好ましくは１５〜３０質量％である。
As raw materials for the optional feed components, for example, grains other than glutinous rice such as corn, milo, barley, wheat, etc .; vegetable oil meal such as soybean meal, rapeseed meal; Salt, oligosaccharides, various vitamins, various minerals, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, etc .; amino acids and organic acids such as methionine; digestive enzymes; one or more feed ingredients selected from antibiotics It is possible to mix.
Moreover, although content of cereals other than sticky rice is not specifically limited in a feed raw material, Preferably it is 40-80 mass%, More preferably, it is 30-70 mass%. Moreover, the content of the vegetable oil cake is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 30% by mass, more preferably 15 to 30% by mass.
本開示の飼料は、肉用鶏に給与する時期（特に開始時期）を適切にすることで、肉用鶏の成育状況をより良好にすることができる。
本開示のペレット飼料又はペレットクランブル飼料は、肥育前期用の飼料として使用することが好ましい。肥育前期のうちでも、餌付期用（約０〜１４日齢）に使用することが、増体向上及び腸管内細菌叢改善等の肉用鶏の成育状況を良好にする点から有利である。
The feed of this indication can make the growth situation of a meat chicken better by making the time (especially start time) fed to a meat chicken appropriately.
The pellet feed or pellet crumble feed of the present disclosure is preferably used as a feed for the first period of fattening. It is advantageous to use it for the feeding period (about 0 to 14 days of age) from the point of improving the growth situation of meat chickens such as improvement in weight gain and improvement of intestinal microbiota even in the first period of fattening. .
本開示の飼料は、後記実施例に示すように、増体向上作用、体重増加作用、腸管内細菌叢改善作用、糞中の水分低減作用を有する。さらに肥育前期又は餌付期に給与することで、その後の肥育期の増体向上作用及び腸管内細菌叢改善、また肥育期の飼育環境改善作用をも発揮することが可能となる。
従って、本開示の飼料は、増体向上用飼料、腸管内細菌叢改善用飼料、糞中の水分低減用飼料等の上述の作用を有する飼料として使用することができる。また、本開示の飼料は、肥育前期用飼料及び餌付期用飼料として使用することもできる。
As shown in the examples below, the feed of the present disclosure has an effect of increasing body weight, an effect of increasing body weight, an effect of improving intestinal flora, and an effect of reducing water in feces. Furthermore, by feeding in the early fattening period or the feeding period, it is possible to exert an effect of increasing body weight and improving intestinal bacterial flora during the subsequent fattening period, and an effect of improving the breeding environment during the fattening period.
Therefore, the feed of the present disclosure can be used as a feed having the above-described effects, such as a feed for improving body weight gain, a feed for improving intestinal microbiota, and a feed for reducing water in feces. Moreover, the feed of this indication can also be used as feed for fattening first term and feed for feeding season.
以上のことから、本開示のもみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物を、上述のような、増体向上用飼料、腸管内細菌叢改善用飼料、糞中の水分低減用飼料、肥育前期用飼料及び餌付期用飼料等の各種飼料を製造するために使用することができる。
また、本開示のもみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物をそのまま、又はもみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物を使用する飼料を、上述の各種作用を発揮させるための、増体向上方法、腸管内細菌叢改善方法、糞中の水分低減方法を提供するために使用することができる。
従って、本開示の飼料によって、上述の如き、肉用鶏の増体向上及び環境改善等の成育状況が向上することから、食肉（鶏肉）の生産性も向上する。よって、本開示は、肉用鶏の食肉の生産性向上方法及び肉用鶏の食肉の生産性向上用飼料等を提供するために使用することも可能である。
From the above, the rice husk and / or rice crushed rice of the present disclosure is used as described above for the feed for improving body weight, the feed for improving the intestinal flora, the feed for reducing water in feces, and for the first period of fattening It can be used to produce various feeds such as feeds and feeds for the feeding period.
In addition, the method for increasing body weight for causing the above-described various effects to be achieved by using the ground rice husk and / or the ground rice of the present disclosure as it is or the feed using the ground rice husk and / or the ground rice rice, It can be used to provide a method for improving intestinal flora and a method for reducing water in feces.
Therefore, the feed of the present disclosure improves the growth situation such as the increase in meat chicken production and the environment as described above, so that the productivity of meat (chicken) is also improved. Therefore, the present disclosure can also be used to provide a method for improving meat productivity of meat chickens, a feed for improving meat productivity of meat chickens, and the like.
本開示のペレット飼料及びペレットクランブル飼料の給与時期は、肉用鶏の肥育前期及び肥育後期の何れの時期でもよいが、肥育前期に給与することが好適である。
さらに、本開示の飼料の給与時期は、肥育前期の初期における肥育期又は餌付期に、給与することが好ましい。この時期に給与することで、肉用鶏の肥育前期の成育状況を良好とすることが可能となる。
本開示の飼料の給与の開始時期は、ふ化後０〜７日齢のいずれかの日から少なくとも給与することが好ましい。本開示の飼料の給与の開始時期は、より好ましくは、ふ化後０〜５日齢のいずれかの日から、さらに好ましくは０〜３日齢のいずれかの日から、よりさらに好ましくは０日齢から給与することが、餌付期の雛の成育はもちろん、その後の雛の成育状況も良好となり、肉用鶏食肉の生産性が向上するので好適である。
また、本開示の飼料の給与の終了時期は、特に限定されず、長期間給与させることが好適であるが、肉用鶏の成育状況を良好にしつつ、費用対効果の点で、好ましくは〜２１日齢まで、より好ましくは〜１８日齢まで、より好ましくは〜１４日齢まで、さらに好ましくは〜１０日齢まで、よりさらに好ましくは〜７日齢まで給与するのが好適である。
また、本開示の飼料の給与期間は、特に限定されず、長期間給与させることが好適であるが、好ましくは２１日間、より好ましくは１８日間、さらに好ましくは１４日間、よりさらに好ましくは１０日間、さらに好ましくは７日間とするのが、肉用鶏の成育状況を良好にしつつ、費用対効果の点で好適である。
なお、本開示の飼料を肥育前期又は餌付期に給与した後に、その後の肥育後期でももみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物を使用する飼料を給与することが、肉用鶏の肥育期の成育状況を良好にする点では好適である。その後の肥育期に給与するときの飼料の形状は、マッシュ形状、ペレット形状又はペレットクランブル形状の何れでもよい。
The pellet feed and pellet crumble feed of the present disclosure may be fed at any time during the early fattening period or the late fattening period of the meat chicken, but is preferably fed during the early fattening period.
Furthermore, it is preferable to feed the feed of the present disclosure during the fattening period or feeding period in the early stage of fattening. By paying at this time, it is possible to improve the growth of the meat chicken in the first period of fattening.
It is preferable that at least the feed start time of the present disclosure is fed from any day of 0 to 7 days after hatching. The feed start time of the feed of the present disclosure is more preferably from any day from 0 to 5 days after hatching, more preferably from any day from 0 to 3 days, and even more preferably from 0 days Feeding from the age is preferable because not only the growth of the chicks in the feeding period but also the growth of the subsequent chicks is improved and the productivity of chicken meat for meat is improved.
Moreover, the end time of feeding of the feed of the present disclosure is not particularly limited, and it is preferable to feed for a long period of time, but it is preferable in terms of cost effectiveness while improving the growth status of chicken for meat. It is suitable to feed up to 21 days of age, more preferably up to -18 days of age, more preferably up to -14 days of age, even more preferably up to 10 days of age, and even more preferably up to -7 days of age.
Further, the feed period of the feed of the present disclosure is not particularly limited and is preferably fed for a long period of time, but is preferably 21 days, more preferably 18 days, still more preferably 14 days, and even more preferably 10 days. More preferably, 7 days is preferable in terms of cost-effectiveness while improving the growth status of chicken for meat.
In addition, after feeding the feed of the present disclosure in the early fattening period or feeding period, feeding the rice husk and / or the crushed rice of rice grains in the later fattening period may also be in the fattening period of meat chickens. It is preferable in terms of improving the growth situation. The shape of the feed when it is fed during the subsequent fattening period may be a mash shape, a pellet shape, or a pellet crumble shape.
本開示の飼料を給与する方法は、特に限定されないが、不断給与又は制限給与等が挙げられる。制限給与としては、例えば、定量給与方法、間隔給与方法（スキップフィード）、暫減・暫増法（ステップダウン・ステップアップ）等が挙げられる。 A method for feeding the feed of the present disclosure is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a continuous feed or a restricted feed. Examples of the limited salary include a fixed amount salary method, an interval salary method (skip feed), and a temporary decrease / provisional increase method (step down / step up).
本開示の飼料を肉用鶏に与える際の給与量は、特に限定されないが、もみ殻換算で、好ましくは５０〜１８，０００ｍｇ／日、より好ましくは１００〜１５，０００ｍｇ／日、さらに好ましくは１００〜９，０００ｍｇ／日である。 The amount of feed when the feed of the present disclosure is given to meat chickens is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 18,000 mg / day, more preferably 100 to 15,000 mg / day, more preferably in terms of rice husk. 100 to 9,000 mg / day.
本開示の飼料を給与する肉用鶏は、食肉の生産を目的として飼育される鶏であれば特に限定されず、肉用コマーシャル鶏の他、卵肉兼用種であってもよいが、肉用コマーシャル鶏が望ましい。また、肉用コマーシャル鶏の種類は、特に限定されず、例えば、コブ（ｃｏｂｂ）、チャンキー（ｃｈｕｎｋｙ）、及びアーバーエーカー（ａｒｂｏｒ ａｃｒｅｓ）等が好適である。 The chicken for meat that feeds the feed of the present disclosure is not particularly limited as long as it is a chicken raised for the purpose of producing meat, and may be a commercial chicken for meat or an egg combined species, Commercial chicken is preferred. Moreover, the kind of commercial chicken for meat is not specifically limited, For example, a cobb, chunky, arbor acres, etc. are suitable.
また、肉用鶏の飼育形態としては、特に限定されず、従来から肉用鶏の主流である平飼いの他、ケージ飼育でもよい。
また、本開示の肉用鶏用飼料では、糞の水分含有量及び腸管内容物の大腸菌量の低減作用を有しているため、床湿り状態にて問題が生じやすい平飼いの際に、本開示の肉用鶏用飼料を給与することが望ましい。
Moreover, it does not specifically limit as a breeding form of the chicken for meat, A cage breeding may be sufficient in addition to the flat breed which has been the mainstream of meat chicken conventionally.
In addition, the meat feed for meat of the present disclosure has an action of reducing the water content of feces and the amount of E. coli in the intestinal tract. It is desirable to feed the disclosed chicken feed for meat.
以下、実施例によって本発明（本開示）を詳細に説明するが、本発明（本開示）はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention (this indication) in detail, this invention (this indication) is not limited to these Examples.
（試験１）
もみ米を配合した飼料原料をペレットクランブル加工したペレットクランブル飼料と、通常のペレットクランブル飼料の成績を対比評価した。
＜供試動物＞
肉用コマーシャル鶏であるｃｏｂｂ５００ＭＸを使用して試験を行った。孵化後０日齢時に各試験区の体重が均等になるように鶏を２試験区×３反復の計６区画（各１０羽）に区分けして飼育試験を行い、１４日齢で淘汰した。なお、各区画の面積は０．９８ｍ２で、飼育ケージはウインドウレスのバタリー鶏舎を用いた。
＜試験区及び供試飼料＞
対照区としてもみ米無配合区、試験区として飼料原料中にもみ米を２３質量％（もみ殻換算４．１質量％）配合した区を設定した。何れの飼料も、ペレットクランブルの形状とした。
各飼料の給与期間は、ふ化後０日齢から給与した。
飼料原料を、粉砕機にて粉砕しながら８０℃の水蒸気（加熱調湿）を噴霧しながら２分間混合撹拌したのち、押し出し成型しながら、ペレットを得た。さらに乾燥ペレットをクランブル処理した。
ペレットは４．８ｍｍ径とし、クランブル後の篩いサイズは３．０３ｍｍ ｐａｓｓ〜０．９８ｍｍ ｏｎとした。また、給与飼料の配合割合及び成分値を表１に示す。
(Test 1)
The results of the pellet crumble feed obtained by pellet crumble processing of the feed raw material mixed with paddy rice and the normal pellet crumble feed were compared and evaluated.
<Test animal>
The test was conducted using cobb500MX, a commercial chicken for meat. Chickens were divided into a total of 6 sections (10 birds each) in 2 test groups x 3 repeats so that the weight of each test group became equal at the age of 0 days after hatching, and the animals were bred at 14 days of age. In addition, the area of each division was 0.98 m 2 and the breeding cage was a windowless buttery house.
<Test area and test feed>
As a control plot, a plot containing no mash rice was set, and as a test plot, a plot containing 23 mass% (4.1 wt% converted to husk) of feed rice in the feed material was set. All feeds were in the form of pellet crumble.
Each feed was fed from 0 days after hatching.
The feed raw material was mixed and stirred for 2 minutes while spraying 80 ° C. water vapor (heating and humidity control) while pulverizing with a pulverizer, and then pellets were obtained while extrusion molding. Further, the dried pellets were crumbled.
The pellet had a diameter of 4.8 mm, and the sieve size after crumble was 3.03 mm pass to 0.98 mm on. In addition, Table 1 shows the mixing ratio and component values of the feed feed.
＜発育成績＞
もみ米を飼料原料として配合した場合の増体成績について検討した。
表２の結果から、もみ米区の増体量が有意に改善されたことがわかる。表１の通り、給与した飼料の粗蛋白質はほぼ同一で、代謝エネルギーは対照区のほうが高いことから、もみ殻の機能性が増体成績を改善したと考えられた。
<Growth results>
The body weight gain results when paddy rice was blended as a feed ingredient were examined.
From the results in Table 2, it can be seen that the increase in the amount of paddy rice was significantly improved. As shown in Table 1, the crude protein of the feed that was fed was almost the same, and the metabolic energy was higher in the control group. Therefore, it was considered that the functionality of rice husk improved the weight gain.
＜糞便中の大腸菌数＞
次に、もみ米配合飼料原料のペレットクランブル飼料の給与が鶏の腸管内細菌叢に及ぼす影響を調査した。具体的には、１４日齢時に各試験区から１０羽ずつ選抜し、糞を採取し、ＤＨＬ寒天培地を用いた培養法にて大腸菌のコロニー数を測定した。その結果、飼料原料へのもみ米の配合により有意に大腸菌数が低減することがわかった。腸管内細菌叢が形成される前の若い日齢からもみ米を給与することで、効果が得られると考えられた。
<The number of E. coli in stool>
Next, we investigated the effect of feeding crumb rice pellet crumble feed on the intestinal flora of chickens. Specifically, 10 birds were selected from each test group at the age of 14 days, feces were collected, and the number of E. coli colonies was measured by a culture method using a DHL agar medium. As a result, it was found that the number of Escherichia coli was significantly reduced by mixing the glutinous rice in the feed material. It was thought that the effect could be obtained by feeding glutinous rice from a young age before the intestinal flora was formed.
以上の結果から、０日齢から、もみ米配合飼料原料のペレットクランブルの形状で肉用鶏にもみ米を給与することにより、肉用鶏の増体成績及び腸管内細菌叢が改善されるということがわかった。
また、糞便中の大腸菌数が減少すれば、鶏舎内において敷料由来の粉塵中の大腸菌数も減ると考えられるため、ペレットクランブルの形状で肉用鶏にもみ米含有飼料を給与することにより、飼育環境も改善されると考えられる。
From the above results, it can be said that, from the 0th day of age, by supplying glutinous rice to beef chickens in the form of pellet crumble of mixed rice feed ingredients, the increase in meat growth and intestinal microbiota are improved. I understood it.
In addition, if the number of coliforms in the stool decreases, the number of coliforms in the dust derived from the litter in the poultry house will also decrease, so breeding can be carried out by feeding the chicken with meat rice in the form of pellet crumble. The environment is also expected to improve.
＜糞の水分含量＞
次に、もみ米の給与が鶏糞の水分含量に及ぼす影響を調査した。７日齢時に各試験区１０羽から採糞し、糞の水分含量の測定を行った。その結果を下表４に示す。
<Water content of feces>
Next, the effect of the supply of glutinous rice on the water content of chicken manure was investigated. Feces were collected from 10 birds in each test section at the age of 7 days, and the water content of the feces was measured. The results are shown in Table 4 below.
表４の結果から、もみ米２３％区の糞の水分含量が有意に低下していることがわかった。
前述の糞便中の大腸菌数の減少に加えて、糞の水分含量が低下することにより、飼育環境が改善され、肉用鶏で大きな問題となる大腸菌性敗血症等の大腸菌症の発症を抑えることが可能になると考えられる。
From the results in Table 4, it was found that the water content of feces in the 23% glutinous rice area was significantly reduced.
In addition to the decrease in the number of coliforms in the feces described above, the water content of the feces is reduced, so the breeding environment is improved and the onset of colibacillosis such as Escherichia coli septicemia, which is a major problem in meat chickens, can be suppressed. It will be possible.
（試験２）
もみ殻を含む同一飼料原料で、その飼料原料をペレットクランブル形状に加工して給与した場合と、マッシュ形状に加工して給与した場合との成績を対比評価した。
(Test 2)
Using the same feed material including rice husk, the results were compared between the case where the feed material was processed into a pellet crumble shape and fed, and the case where the feed material was processed into a mash shape and fed.
＜供試動物＞
肉用コマーシャル鶏であるＣｏｂｂ５００ＭＸ１２０羽を使用して試験を行った。孵化後０日齢時に各試験区の体重が均一になるように鶏を２試験区×３反復の６区画（各２０羽）に区分けして飼育試験を行い、１０日齢で淘汰した。なお、各区画の面積は０．９８ｍ２で、飼育ケージはウインドウレスのバタリー鶏舎を用いた。
<Test animal>
Tests were performed using Cobb 500 MX120 wings, a commercial chicken for meat. Chickens were divided into 6 test blocks (20 birds each) in 2 test groups x 3 repetitions so that the weight of each test group became uniform at the age of 0 days after hatching, and the animals were bred at 10 days of age. In addition, the area of each division was 0.98 m 2 and the breeding cage was a windowless buttery house.
＜試験区及び供試飼料＞
全ての飼料原料をペレットクランブル形状に加工したペレットクランブル飼料を給与した試験区１と、全ての飼料原料をマッシュ形状に加工したマッシュ飼料を給与した試験区２を設定した。何れの飼料も、原料組成は同じとした。
各飼料の給与期間は、ふ化後０日齢から給与した。
「マッシュ飼料」は、飼料原料を混合したのち、粉砕機にて篩いサイズ1ｍｍ以下に粉砕した。
「ペレットクランブル飼料」は、マッシュ飼料と同様の粉砕後８０℃の水蒸気（加熱調湿）を噴霧しながら２分間撹拌したのち、押し出し成型しながら、ペレットを得た。さらに乾燥ペレットをクランブル処理した。
ペレットは４．８ｍｍ径とし、クランブル後の篩いサイズは３．０３ｍｍ ｐａｓｓ〜０．９８ｍｍ ｏｎとした。
また、給与飼料の配合割合及び成分値を下表５に示す。
<Test area and test feed>
A test group 1 was fed with a pellet crumble feed obtained by processing all feed ingredients into a pellet crumble shape, and a test group 2 was fed with a mash feed obtained by processing all feed ingredients into a mash shape. All feeds had the same raw material composition.
Each feed was fed from 0 days after hatching.
“Mash feed” was mixed with feed raw materials and then pulverized to a sieve size of 1 mm or less by a pulverizer.
The “pellet crumble feed” was agitated for 2 minutes while sprayed with 80 ° C. water vapor (heated and conditioned) after pulverization in the same manner as the mash feed, and then extruded to obtain pellets. Further, the dried pellets were crumbled.
The pellet had a diameter of 4.8 mm, and the sieve size after crumble was 3.03 mm pass to 0.98 mm on.
In addition, the blending ratio and component values of the feed feed are shown in Table 5 below.
＜発育成績＞
飼料の形状が発育成績に及ぼす影響について検討した。下表６の結果から、ペレットクランブル飼料の試験区１の方がマッシュ飼料の試験区２に比べて、発育成績が有意に改善されたことがわかる。
<Growth results>
The effect of feed shape on growth performance was examined. From the results of Table 6 below, it can be seen that the growth performance was significantly improved in the test group 1 of the pellet crumble feed compared to the test group 2 of the mash feed.
＜糞中の大腸菌数＞
次に、飼料形状の違いが鶏糞の細菌叢に及ぼす影響を調査した。具体的には、９日齢時に各試験区から平均体重に近い個体を８羽ずつ選抜し、糞を採取し、QIAamp DNA stool Mini Kit(QIAGEN)を用いて糞からＤＮＡを抽出した。16SリボソーマルＤＮＡの領域を特異的に増幅するプライマーを設計し、抽出したＤＮＡをテンプレートとして、リアルタイムＰＣＲ法により菌量を測定した。リアルタイムＰＣＲ法にはPower SYBR Green PCR Master Mix(Applied Biosystems)を使用し、スタンダード配列には合成した標準遺伝子領域の塩基配列を組み込んだプラスミドを用いた。この測定により、得られた糞中の大腸菌コピー数の結果を下表７に示す。
<Number of E. coli in feces>
Next, we investigated the effect of different feed shapes on the bacterial flora of chicken manure. Specifically, at the age of 9 days, 8 individuals close to the average body weight were selected from each test group, feces were collected, and DNA was extracted from the feces using QIAamp DNA stool Mini Kit (QIAGEN). Primers that specifically amplify the 16S ribosomal DNA region were designed, and the amount of bacteria was measured by real-time PCR using the extracted DNA as a template. For the real-time PCR method, Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems) was used, and for the standard sequence, a plasmid incorporating the base sequence of the synthesized standard gene region was used. The results of E. coli copy number in the feces obtained by this measurement are shown in Table 7 below.
表７の結果から、もみ殻を含む飼料原料をペレットクランブル形状に加工することにより、有意に大腸菌数が低減することがわかった。
よって、糞中の大腸菌数が減少すれば、鶏舎内で敷料由来の粉塵中の大腸菌数も減ると考えられるため、ペレットクランブルの形状で肉用鶏にもみ殻含有飼料を給与することにより、飼育環境も改善されると考えられる。そのため、肉用鶏で大きな問題となる大腸菌性敗血症等の大腸菌症の発症を抑えることが可能になると考えられる。
From the results in Table 7, it was found that the number of E. coli was significantly reduced by processing the feed raw material containing rice husk into a pellet crumble shape.
Therefore, if the number of coliforms in the feces decreases, the number of coliforms in the dust derived from the litter in the poultry house will also decrease. The environment is also expected to improve. Therefore, it is considered possible to suppress the onset of colibacillosis such as Escherichia coli septicemia, which is a major problem in meat chickens.
本技術は、肥育期の肉用鶏の成育状況を向上させることができ、肉用鶏の鶏肉の生産性を向上させることができるので、肉用鶏業界に貢献することができる。 Since this technique can improve the growth condition of the chicken for meat during the fattening period and can improve the productivity of the chicken for the meat chicken, it can contribute to the meat chicken industry.
本開示は、以下の構成を採用することも可能である。
〔１〕 もみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物含有の飼料原料をペレットにした肉用鶏用飼料。
〔２〕 さらに、ペレットクランブルとする前記〔１〕記載の肉用鶏用飼料。
〔３〕 肥育前期用である前記〔１〕又は〔２〕記載の肉用鶏用飼料。
〔４〕 餌付期用である前記〔１〕〜〔３〕の何れか１項記載の肉用鶏用飼料。
〔５〕 肥育前期増体向上用である前記〔１〕〜〔４〕の何れか１項記載の肉用鶏用飼料。
〔６〕 もみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物を含有する餌付期に給与するための肉用鶏用飼料。
〔７〕 前記もみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物の含有量が、飼料原料中、もみ殻換算で１〜１０質量％である前記〔１〕〜〔６〕の何れか１項記載の飼料。
〔８〕前記〔１〕〜〔６〕の何れか１項記載の飼料を製造するための、もみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物の使用。
〔９〕 もみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物の、前記〔１〕〜〔６〕の何れか１項記載の飼料への使用。
〔１０〕 前記〔１〕〜〔６〕の何れか１項記載の飼料を肥育前期に給与する肉用鶏の増体向上方法。
〔１１〕 前記〔１〕〜〔６〕の何れか１項記載の飼料を肥育前期に給与する肉用鶏食肉の生産性向上方法。
〔１２〕 前記〔１〕〜〔６〕の何れか１項記載の飼料を肥育前期に給与する肉用鶏の飼育環境の改善方法。
〔１３〕 前記〔１〕〜〔６〕の何れか１項記載の飼料を肥育前期に給与する肉用鶏の腸管内細菌叢の改善方法。
〔１４〕 前記もみ殻及び／又はもみ米の粉砕物が、飼料原料中、もみ殻換算で１〜１０質量％である前記〔１０〕〜〔１３〕の何れか１項記載の方法。
〔１５〕 餌付期に給与する前記〔１０〕〜〔１４〕の何れか１項記載の方法。
〔１６〕 給与開始時期０〜７日齢の何れかの日から、給与終了時期２１日齢までである前記〔１０〕〜〔１４〕の何れか１項記載の方法。好適には、給与開始時期０〜３日齢の何れかの日から、給与終了時期２１日齢までである。
The present disclosure may employ the following configurations.
[1] A meat chicken feed comprising pelleted feed raw material containing crushed rice husk and / or rice husk.
[2] The meat chicken feed according to [1], further comprising pellet crumble.
[3] The feed for chicken for meat according to [1] or [2], which is for the first period of fattening.
[4] The feed for chicken for meat according to any one of the above [1] to [3], which is for feeding.
[5] The feed for chicken for meat according to any one of the above [1] to [4], which is for improving body weight gain in the first period of fattening.
[6] Meat chicken feed for feeding in the feeding season containing rice husk and / or crushed rice.
[7] The feed according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the content of the crushed rice husk and / or rice husk is 1 to 10% by mass in terms of rice husk in the feed raw material. .
[8] Use of crushed rice husk and / or rice husk for producing the feed according to any one of [1] to [6].
[9] Use of crushed rice husk and / or rice in the feed according to any one of [1] to [6].
[10] A method for increasing meat gain of meat chickens, wherein the feed according to any one of [1] to [6] is fed in the first fattening period.
[11] A method for improving the productivity of chicken meat for meat, wherein the feed according to any one of [1] to [6] is fed in the first fattening period.
[12] A method for improving the breeding environment of meat chickens that feed the feed according to any one of [1] to [6] in the first fattening period.
[13] A method for improving the intestinal bacterial flora of meat chickens that feed the feed according to any one of [1] to [6] in the first fattening period.
[14] The method according to any one of [10] to [13], wherein the crushed rice husk and / or rice husk is 1 to 10% by mass in terms of rice husk in the feed raw material.
[15] The method according to any one of [10] to [14], wherein the method is fed during the feeding period.
[16] The method according to any one of [10] to [14], which is from any day of salary start time 0 to 7 days to salary end time 21 days. Preferably, it is from any day of the salary start time 0 to 3 days to the salary end time 21 days.
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