JP6209806B1 - Building - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a building having an indoor cooling function with low cost and excellent durability. SOLUTION: A building 1 according to the present invention has windows 20U and 20L for transmitting infrared light above and below a wall 2 constituting one room, and infrared transmittance of the window 20U at a high position. Is higher than the infrared transmittance of the window 20L at a lower position, and the far-infrared FR radiated from the members constituting the room is transmitted through the window 20U at a higher position and released into outer space. Then, the amount of infrared IR radiated from the outside and entering the room is suppressed by the window 20L at a low position, thereby suppressing an increase in the temperature of the room. [Selection] Figure 7

Description

The present invention relates to a building having an indoor cooling function with low cost and excellent durability.

A technique for adjusting the temperature in a structure using radiant cooling is known.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which a film made of a material that transmits a visible light region and blocks a near-infrared region and a far-infrared region is attached to a roof surface or side surface of a greenhouse so that the film can be unfolded and stored.
In the case of this greenhouse, the film is unfolded during the daytime in the summer to prevent the near infrared and far infrared rays that are unnecessary for photosynthesis from entering the house, and the soil and crops in the house can be removed by storing it during the night in the summer. Far-infrared rays emitted from black body radiation can escape to outer space to radiate and cool the interior of the house.
In addition, by storing the film in the daytime in winter, all the energy contained in the sunlight is taken into the house, and in the nighttime in winter, the far-infrared rays caused by blackbody radiation generated by soil and crops in the house are blocked. As a result, temperature drop in the house due to radiation cooling can be prevented.
Moreover, the ridge part of a roof surface is made into a step structure, and the hot air collected in the upper part in a house can be discharge | released outside a house by natural convection.

JP 2016-163541 A

However, the techniques disclosed in the above patent documents have the following problems.
That is, in the case of buildings such as ordinary houses composed of roofs, walls, windows, floors, etc., if the entire roof is covered with a large film that can be expanded and stored as in Patent Document 1, the cost and development of the film itself There is a problem that the electricity bill at the time of storage is increased, and there is a possibility that it is damaged due to wind and rain, and that it is not realistic in terms of durability.
Also, unlike greenhouses built on farmland, buildings may have other buildings and trees around them, and the room temperature rises due to infrared radiation from these surrounding buildings. There is a problem of end. Therefore, in the case of a building, it is necessary to adopt a structure corresponding to the surrounding environment.

An object of this invention is to provide the building provided with the indoor cooling function excellent in durability at low cost in view of such a problem.

In the building of the present invention, windows for transmitting infrared light are attached to the upper and lower sides of a wall constituting one room, and the infrared transmittance of the window at a higher position is lower. The infrared ray transmittance is higher than that, and far infrared rays emitted from the members constituting the room are transmitted through the window at a high position to be emitted into outer space, and are emitted from outside to enter the room. The temperature rise of the room is suppressed by suppressing the amount of infrared rays by the window at a low position .
Moreover, the said wall is a wall with the shortest irradiation time of sunlight among several walls .
Further, the window at a high position is attached to a roof constituting the one room, and the far-infrared rays are transmitted through the window attached to the roof and emitted to outer space. .
In addition, the window has a two-layer structure of the indoor side and the outdoor side, the infrared transmittance of the indoor side layer is lower than the infrared transmittance of the outdoor side layer, the indoor side layer It can be opened and closed freely .

Further, a far-infrared reflecting member is provided inside the one room, and the far-infrared light is reflected by the far-infrared reflecting member and reaches the window.
Moreover, it is provided with the shielding structure for suppressing the irradiation amount of the sunlight to the said window.

In addition, the window has a function of changing a radiation direction when the far infrared rays are transmitted.
Further, the interior of the foundation is blocked from the outside air by not providing a vent hole in the foundation.

In the present invention, a roof or a wall is provided with a window for transmitting infrared rays, and far infrared rays radiated from members constituting the room are emitted from the window to outer space, so that the building has a highly durable indoor cooling function. Can be obtained.
In this specification, “window” refers to a fitting installed in an opening that connects indoors and outdoors. On the other hand, an entrance door or the like installed at an opening used for entering and exiting a person does not correspond to a “window” in this specification.
As a constituent member of the “window” in the present specification, for example, a window frame attached to the periphery of the opening, a plate-like member such as glass or a resin plate fitted in the window frame to close the opening, a plate-like member There are hinges and the like that can be freely opened and closed. Of these, the window frame and hinges are not essential components of the window. That is, even a so-called “fitting kill” in which a plate-like member such as glass or a resin plate is not fitted in the opening without being provided with a window frame or hinge is included in the “window” in this specification. And In addition, a case where the opening is opened and closed by sliding a plate-like member such as glass or a resin plate without using a hinge is also included in the “window” in this specification.
In the present specification, “infrared rays” means “electromagnetic waves that appear outside the spectrum in red. The wavelength is longer than visible light and is about 800 nanometers to about 1 millimeter” (Kojien). “Infrared rays” includes near infrared rays, middle infrared rays, and far infrared rays.
The window may remain fitted in the roof or wall, and it is not necessary to move it with an electric motor or the like, so that the cooling function can be realized at low cost.
In particular, the window is attached to the roof and / or wall with the shortest sunlight irradiation time, or the infrared transmittance of the window attached to the roof and / or wall with the shortest solar irradiation time is determined by other roof and / or wall By installing a window on the roof and / or wall of the surface of the south surface and the north surface where the irradiation time of sunlight is shorter, the sun light can be emitted during the day. Since the time for entering the room can be reduced and the temperature rise in the room can be suppressed, the room cooling performance can be further enhanced.
In the present specification, the “north plane” refers to a “north plane” when a perpendicular drawn with respect to a plane (wall or roof) is directed to the north at least in the north direction and the south direction.
When a plurality of windows are attached to one wall, it is preferable that the infrared transmittance of a window at a high position is higher than the infrared transmittance of a window at a low position. This is because far-infrared rays from indoors can be emitted to outer space using high-position windows, while indoor temperature rise can be suppressed by blocking infrared rays from outdoor ground or buildings with low-position windows. .

In addition, by providing a far-infrared reflecting member indoors, far-infrared rays from the room can be collected and transmitted through a window.
In addition, by providing a far-infrared reflecting member outdoors, the far-infrared light that has passed through the window can be reflected and efficiently emitted into outer space.
Also, by suppressing the amount of sunlight irradiated to the window by the shielding structure, it is possible to reduce the time for sunlight to enter the room during the day and to suppress the temperature rise in the room.
In addition, if a screen is installed and the amount of deployment and storage is adjusted, the amount of far-infrared rays emitted from the window to outer space can be adjusted, and during the day when the window is not exposed to direct sunlight. Can store far-infrared rays by storing the screen.
In addition, by providing an infrared reflecting member on the roof or wall, the indoor temperature rise can be suppressed by reflecting infrared rays from the outdoor ground, buildings, or the like.
As the window component, glass is suitable in consideration of durability, price, and availability, and it is preferable to use a glass having a higher infrared transmittance than ultraviolet rays. Many of the commercially available glass for buildings have a function of blocking both ultraviolet rays and infrared rays. However, in the present invention, a glass having a higher infrared transmittance is used when both are compared. Is preferred.

Further, it is preferable that the window has a two-layer structure of the indoor side and the outdoor side, and the infrared transmittance of these two layers is made different. In this case, in the summer when you want to lower the indoor temperature, do not use the layer with lower infrared transmittance (for example, infrared reflecting glass), but use only the layer with higher far-infrared transmittance so that infrared can be efficiently transmitted. It can be released into outer space. In winter, when the indoor temperature is desired to be raised, the amount of far-infrared rays released into outer space can be suppressed by using both the lower infrared transmission layer and the higher infrared transmission layer. Moreover, since the air between layers functions as a heat insulation layer by using a two-layer structure, a heat insulation effect is also obtained. In the case of a two-layer structure, air insulation is less likely to occur by shortening the distance between layers, so that the heat insulation effect can be further enhanced.
If the layer with the lower infrared transmittance is provided on the indoor side, there is an advantage that the operability of the resident is improved. If the layer with the lower infrared transmittance is provided on the outdoor side, the There is a merit that the temperature increase of the layer having higher infrared transmittance provided on the inner side can be suppressed.
When a two-layer window is installed at a high position on a roof or wall, it is considered that the heat of the outside air can enter the room due to heat conduction by using only glass with high far-infrared transmittance in summer. Even if heat enters, the hot air stagnates near the ceiling (upper space in the room), so it does not affect the space where humans live (lower space in the room). Therefore, in summer, there is no problem with the heat insulation effect even with a single glass.
In addition, by providing the window with a function to change the direction of radiation when far infrared rays are transmitted, if there are trees or buildings around the window, the direction of radiation of the far infrared rays is avoided so as to avoid these trees. By changing, far infrared rays can be efficiently emitted into outer space.

The perspective view which shows the structure of the building of 1st Embodiment Longitudinal sections (a) and (b) showing the structure of the roof of the building Longitudinal section showing the overall structure of the building Longitudinal sectional view showing the screen Perspective view showing a two-layer window Perspective view (a) and longitudinal sectional view (b) showing a window having a function of changing the radiation direction of far infrared rays Longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of a building in which the window of the second embodiment is provided on the wall The perspective view which shows the structure in case the building of 3rd Embodiment is a dome house The graph which shows the result of the heat dissipation test in Example 1 Photo showing the structure of the experimental model in Example 2 Front view (a) and side view (b) showing dimensions of experimental model The graph which shows the result of the heat dissipation test in Example 2 Elevated view (a), plan view (b) and longitudinal sectional view (c) of each compartment in the design drawing of the experimental hut in Example 3 Front photo (a), rear photo (b), interior photo (c) and window photo (d) The graph which shows the result of the heat dissipation test in Example 3

[First embodiment]
A first embodiment of a building and a window according to the present invention will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the building 1 of this embodiment includes a window 20 on a roof 10.
The window 20 is provided in order to transmit the far-infrared FR radiated from the members constituting the room, such as the wall 2 and the floor of the room, and to emit it into outer space. By releasing far-infrared FR into outer space, the indoor temperature can be lowered by radiation cooling.
As a constituent member of the window 20, glass having a function of transmitting far infrared rays FR can be cited. Quartz glass is preferable because it transmits infrared rays well. As the characteristics of the glass used, it is preferable to use one having a higher infrared transmittance than ultraviolet rays. In addition to glass, resin plates such as acrylic and polycarbonate may be used. The transmittance of the far-infrared FR can be increased by suppressing the thickness.
The window 20 is preferably provided on the roof 10 having a shorter solar irradiation time between the south surface and the north surface, and is preferably provided on the north surface when the building 1 is standing in the northern hemisphere.
In order to transmit a lot of far infrared rays FR, it is preferable to make the angle formed by the window 20 with the horizontal plane smaller (close to the horizontal). This is because the distance through which the far infrared ray FR passes through the inside of the glass or the like which is a constituent member of the window 20 is shortened. As a matter of course, it is preferable to increase the area of the window 20.
When a hard material with high heat storage efficiency is used as the wall 2 and floor of the building 1, a large amount of far infrared FR is emitted, so that the indoor temperature can be lowered efficiently.
In order to improve the cooling effect by preventing the heat from the ground and the heat of the outside air from being transmitted to the floor as much as possible, for example, without providing a vent on the foundation of the building 1 or by blocking the outside air, The foundation is preferably a solid foundation.

The building 1 of the present embodiment includes a shielding structure 30 for suppressing the amount of sunlight irradiated to the window 20.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the height of the roof 10 on the south surface is made higher than that on the north surface, so that a step 31 is provided in the ridge, and this step 31 corresponds to the shielding structure 30. Also, as shown in FIG. 1, two triangular plates 32 are provided at the bent portion between the lower portion of the step 31 and the roof 10, and the plates 32 also correspond to the shielding structure 30.
As shown in Fig. 2 (a), when the south-central angle of the day of the summer solstice is 76 ° in the place where the building 1 is erected, a straight line L connecting the lower end of the window 20 and the upper end of the step 31 and a horizontal plane are formed. If the angle is larger than 76 °, a structure in which direct sunlight does not enter the room through the window 20 can be achieved.
Or, considering that the temperature will be higher in about two months after the summer solstice day, if the south-central angle at that time is assumed to be 68 ° as shown in Fig. 2 (b), The angle formed by the straight line L and the horizontal plane should be larger than 68 °.

The building according to the present embodiment further includes a far-infrared reflecting member 40.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, a roll curtain 41 with a metal such as aluminum attached as an indoor far-infrared reflecting member 40 is suspended from the ceiling. Further, mirrors 42 are attached to the north surface side of the step 31 and the inner surface side of the two plates as the outdoor far-infrared reflecting member 40.
The far-infrared FR radiated from the members constituting the room passes through the window 20 as it is, or is reflected by the roll curtain 41 and then passes through the window 20. The far-infrared FR transmitted through the window 20 is directly emitted into the outer space, or once reflected by the mirror 42 and released into the outer space.
As shown in FIG. 4, an unfoldable and retractable screen 50 that can cover the window 20 may be provided outdoors or indoors. By adjusting the amount of expansion of the screen 50, the amount of far-infrared FR released to outer space can be adjusted.

In order to keep the indoor temperature low, a structure in which sunlight or infrared IR from the ground passes through the window 20 and does not enter the room by not providing the window 20 on the wall 2 or the roof 10 of the building 1 is preferable. When it is necessary to provide the window 20, as shown in FIG. 3, the surface of the window 20 is covered with a lattice 61 as the infrared reflecting member 60, or the infrared reflecting glass 62 (heat ray reflecting glass) is used as the glass of the window 20. Is preferred.
Note that the window 20 may have a two-layer structure in which the infrared transmittance is different between the indoor layer 21 and the outdoor layer 22 as shown in FIG.
In FIG. 5, a layer having a lower infrared transmittance is provided on the indoor side so that it can be opened and closed, which has the advantage that the operability of the opening and closing operation by the resident is improved. Instead of the open / close type as shown in FIG. 5, a structure in which the unused layer is slid and stored in the wall 2 may be used.

Further, the window 20 may have a function of changing the radiation direction when the far-infrared FR is transmitted.
Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 6 (a), a plurality of plate members 70 are assembled in a lattice shape in the vertical and horizontal directions, and the plate material 70 extending in the horizontal direction is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane so that the openings 71 are directed to the outdoors. I try to face up. As shown in FIG. 6 (b), when the far infrared ray FR passes through the opening, its path is changed upward along the inclination direction of the plate material and is emitted to the outside.
In this way, by providing the window 20 with the function of changing the radiation direction of the far-infrared FR, when there are trees or buildings 1 around the window 20, the radiation of the far-infrared FR is avoided so as to avoid these trees. Far-infrared FR can be efficiently released into outer space by changing the direction.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the building of the present invention will be described, but the same reference numerals will be given to portions having the same configuration as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.
As shown in FIG. 7, the building 3 of the present embodiment is characterized in that a window 20 is provided on the wall 2 and a plurality of windows 20 are attached to one wall 2. In this case, it is preferable to provide the window 20 on the wall 2 on the surface of the south surface and the north surface that has a relatively short solar irradiation time.
If the window 20 is provided on the wall 2, the construction cost can be reduced as compared with the case where the window 20 is provided on the roof 10.
When a plurality of windows 20 are attached to one wall 2, it is preferable that the infrared transmittance of the high-position window 20U is higher than the infrared transmittance of the low-position window 20L. Far-infrared FR from the room can be emitted to outer space using the high-position window 20, and indoor temperature rise can be suppressed by blocking infrared IR from the outside by the low-position window 20.

[Third embodiment]
Next, a third embodiment of the building of the present invention will be described, but the same reference numerals are given to portions having the same configurations as those of the above embodiments, and the description thereof is omitted.
As shown in FIG. 8, the building 4 of the present embodiment is a so-called dome house, and is provided with a window 20 at the top of the building 4 and a circumferential direction as a shielding structure 30 for suppressing the amount of sunlight irradiated to the window 20 It is characterized in that it has a movable hood 80. A mirror 81 is pasted as the far-infrared reflecting member 40 on the inner surface of the hood.
According to the building 4 of this embodiment, the far-infrared FR from the room is reflected directly or by the mirror 81 on the inner surface of the hood 80 while the sunlight is blocked by the outer surface of the hood 80 by rotating the hood 80 throughout the day. It can be released into outer space with high efficiency.

Using the structure simulating the building of the present invention, the time change of the outside air temperature and the room temperature was measured.
As the structure, a box-shaped foamed polystyrene having an opening at the top was covered with a transparent film. Styrofoam corresponds to the walls and floors of the building, and the transparent film corresponds to windows provided on the roof.
From the graph in Fig. 9, although the room temperature exceeded the outside air temperature between 14:00 and 15:00 when the amount of direct sunlight irradiated to the opening increased, other time zones (between 10:00 and 14:00 and between 15:00 and 19:00) ) The room temperature fell below the outside temperature.
From the above, it was found that by controlling the intrusion of direct sunlight into the room, the indoor temperature during the day can be maintained lower than the outside air temperature by releasing the far-infrared FR into outer space.

Next, an experiment was conducted to measure the effect when the shielding structure and the far-infrared reflecting member for suppressing the amount of sunlight irradiated to the window were provided outdoors and the effect when the type of window glass was changed.
Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, three foamed polystyrenes A to C having an upper opening were prepared, and a substantially square plate body 100 was attached perpendicularly to the top surface of the foamed polystyrene as a shielding structure. Then, the Galvanium steel plate 101 was attached to the shielding structures 30 of A and C, and the aluminum foil 102 was attached to the shielding structure 30 of B.
Further, a float glass 103 was attached to the openings of the A and B foamed polystyrene, and a heat ray reflective glass 104 was attached to the C foamed polystyrene. The float glass 103 transmits a lot of infrared rays, and the heat ray reflective glass 104 reflects a lot of infrared rays.
A thermometer was placed inside each of the polystyrene foams A to C. The angle formed by the straight line connecting the upper end of the plate body 100 and the front ends of the polystyrene foams A to C with the horizontal line was set to 76.0 °.
From the graph of FIG. 12, it was confirmed that the configuration of the polystyrene foam B in the middle combining the aluminum foil 102 and the float glass 103 has the most excellent cooling function for the following reason.
・ Lowest temperature from daytime to evening ・ Highest temperature decrease rate from daytime to evening ・ Lowest temperature at night ・ Lowest temperature increase rate from nighttime to early morning ・ From early morning to around 10:00 The temperature was the lowest.From 11:00 to 19:00 at the start of the experiment and from 16:00 to 11:00 at the end of the experiment, the internal temperature of each of the polystyrene foams A to C was higher than the outside temperature. Because A ~ C was placed on the dry sand under the hot sun, heat rays penetrated the inside of the foamed polystyrene A ~ C from the ground etc. Infer. Therefore, it can be seen that it is effective to provide an infrared reflecting member outdoors or to move the window away from the ground in order to enhance the cooling function.

Next, an experiment was conducted to measure the effect when the window was provided at a low position on the wall (close to the ground) and the type of window glass was changed.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 13 and Fig. 14, the interior of a wooden rectangular hut with a depth of 1,000mm, a left and right width of 6,000mm, and a height of about 1,600mm is divided into six sections. The surface was covered with insulation. An inclined surface was attached to the upper part of the hut, and a concrete block and wood were laid on the lower part to provide a space between the lower part and the ground. An opening with a width of approximately 600mm and a height of 1,100mm was provided on the front of each compartment, and a window was attached to each opening. The distance from the ground to the bottom edge of the window is about 900mm.
Of the six compartments (No. 1 to 6), the temperature change inside 4 compartments (No. 2 to 5) excluding 2 compartments (No. 1 and 6) at both left and right ends was measured.
As the type of window glass, No.2 is a pair glass (Low-E glass) that hardly transmits infrared rays, No.3 is a normal pair glass that passes far infrared rays well, and No.4 hardly transmits infrared rays. Single plate glass (Low-E single plate glass), No. 5 used single plate glass (float glass) that allows far infrared rays to pass well.
As shown in FIG. 15, the No. 3 and 5 compartments have higher daytime temperatures than the No. 2 and 4 compartments. This is because the window glass is located near the ground, so that infrared rays from the ground entered the compartment without being reflected by the glass, and because the window glass was placed vertically on the wall, It is thought that it is difficult to emit far-infrared rays to outer space.
On the contrary, the No. 2 and No. 4 compartments were able to keep the daytime temperature low because the infrared rays from the ground were reflected by the glass and hardly penetrated into the compartments.
In view of the above, it is effective in increasing the indoor cooling function to increase the infrared transmittance when the window is provided at a high position on the wall and to reduce the infrared transmittance when the window is provided at a low position on the wall. I understand that there is.

The present invention relates to a building having an indoor cooling function with low cost and excellent durability, and has industrial applicability.

FR far infrared
IR infrared
L straight line
1 Building
2 walls
3 Building
10 Roof
20 windows
20L low position window
20U high position window
21 Indoor layer
22 Layers on the outdoor side
30 Shielding structure
31 steps
32 plate
40 Far-infrared reflector
41 Roll curtain
42 mirror
60 Infrared reflector
61 lattice
62 Infrared reflective glass
70 board
71 opening
80 hood
81 mirror
100 plates
101 Galvalume steel plate
102 aluminum foil
103 float glass
104 heat ray reflective glass

Claims (8)

Windows for transmitting infrared light are attached to the upper and lower walls of one room, and the infrared transmittance of the window at a higher position is higher than the infrared transmittance of the window at a lower position. And
The far-infrared radiation radiated from a member constituting the room is transmitted through the window at a high position to be emitted into outer space, and the amount of infrared radiation radiated from outside to enter the room is at a low position. The building characterized by suppressing the temperature rise of the said room by suppressing by. 2. The building according to claim 1, wherein the wall is a wall having the shortest solar irradiation time among a plurality of walls . The window in a high position is attached to the roof constituting the one room,
3. The building according to claim 1 , wherein the far infrared rays are emitted to outer space through the window attached to the roof . The window has a two-layer structure of an indoor side and an outdoor side, and the infrared transmittance of the indoor layer is lower than the infrared transmittance of the outdoor layer, and the indoor layer can be opened and closed freely. building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that. The far-infrared reflecting member is provided in the inside of the one room, and the far-infrared ray is reflected by the far-infrared reflecting member and reaches the window. Building. The building according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , further comprising a shielding structure for suppressing the amount of sunlight irradiated to the window. The building according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the window has a function of changing a radiation direction when the far infrared rays are transmitted.   The building according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the inside of the foundation is shielded from outside air by not providing a ventilation hole in the foundation.

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