JP6175891B2 - Vibration cutting apparatus and vibration cutting method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vibration cutting apparatus and a vibration cutting method for cutting a workpiece with a cutting tool by causing relative vibration between the cutting tool and the workpiece.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, in order to prevent scattering of machining fluid due to vibration cutting, the workpiece is placed in a container containing the machining fluid, and the vibration cutting point of the workpiece is positioned in the machining fluid. A vibration cutting device that cuts in a state of being performed is described. Further, Patent Document 2 describes a vibration cutting device that cools a cutting tool by spraying a mist-like working fluid in order to cool heat generated by vibration cutting.

JP 2002-66801 A JP 2006-326812 A

  In the vibration cutting apparatus described in Patent Document 1 described above, since a water-soluble machining fluid or an oil-based machining fluid is contained in a container for cutting, only one of a cooling effect or a lubrication effect is obtained at the vibration cutting point. I can't. Moreover, in the vibration cutting apparatus described in Patent Document 2, since the working fluid having a cooling effect used is a water-soluble grinding fluid, a lubricating effect cannot be obtained at the vibration cutting point.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, and it aims at providing the vibration cutting apparatus and vibration cutting method which can acquire the cooling effect and the lubrication effect in a vibration cutting point.

(Claim 1) The vibration cutting apparatus of the present invention is a vibration means for relatively vibrating a cutting tool and a workpiece, and the cutting tool and the workpiece are moved relative to each other by the relative movement of the cutting tool and the workpiece. Moving means for vibration cutting, and supply means for supplying water-soluble machining fluid and oil-based machining fluid to at least the vibration cutting point, the vibration means on the surface of the cutting edge of the cutting tool. The oily processing liquid and the oily processing liquid are convected by vibration and emulsified to form an emulsion.

  According to the present invention, the water-soluble processing fluid and the oil-based processing fluid are convected (cavitated by cavitation) by the vibration at the cutting edge of the cutting tool, emulsified to become an emulsion, and aggregate to reach the vibration cutting point. Thereby, the emulsion is not separated into the water-soluble processing fluid and the oil-based processing fluid at the vibration cutting point, so that the cooling effect and the lubricating effect can be enhanced.

  (Claim 2) Further, the supply means may increase the supply amount of the water-soluble processing liquid per unit time than the supply amount of the oil-based processing liquid per unit time. As a result, more water-soluble machining fluid is supplied to the cutting tool and workpiece during vibration cutting, so the amount of heat generated at the vibration cutting point can be reduced and the life of the cutting tool can be improved. Can do.

(Claim 3) Further, the supply means has a shorter distance from the supply port of the oil-based machining fluid to the vibration cutting point than a distance from the supply port of the water-soluble machining fluid to the vibration cutting point. Good. Thereby, since the oil-based machining fluid can be supplied concentrated on the vibration cutting point, the lubricity of the cutting edge of the cutting tool can be improved, and the machining conditions such as high-speed cutting can be improved.
(Claim 4) The water-soluble processing fluid and the oil-based processing fluid may not contain an emulsifier. Thereby, the cost reduction for an emulsifier can be aimed at.

(Claim 5) The vibration cutting method of the present invention includes a vibration step of relatively vibrating a cutting tool and a workpiece, and relatively moving the cutting tool and the workpiece to move the workpiece with the cutting tool. And a supply step of supplying a water-soluble machining fluid and an oil-based machining fluid to at least the vibration cutting point. In the vibration step, the water-soluble process is performed on the surface of the cutting edge of the cutting tool. The oily processing liquid and the oily processing liquid are convected by vibration and emulsified to form an emulsion .

It is a top view which shows the whole structure of the vibration cutting apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the detail of the coolant supply apparatus periphery of the vibration cutting apparatus of FIG. It is a flowchart for demonstrating operation | movement of the vibration cutting apparatus of FIG.

(1. Mechanical configuration of vibration cutting equipment)
As shown in FIG. 1, the vibration cutting device 1 includes a headstock 10, a bed 20, a tailstock 30, a carriage 40, a feed base 50, a turntable 60, a tool rest 70, and an excitation. A device 80, a coolant (working fluid) supply device 90, a control device 100, and the like are included. In the following description, the axis direction of the rotation spindle 11 provided on the headstock 10 is the Z axis direction, the direction orthogonal to the axis direction of the rotation spindle 11 in the horizontal plane is the X axis direction, the Z axis direction and the X axis. A direction orthogonal to the direction is referred to as a Y-axis direction.

  The headstock 10 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape and installed on the floor. A rotation spindle 11 is rotatably provided on the spindle stock 10. A chuck 12 having a claw 12a capable of gripping the outer peripheral surface Wa on one end side of the workpiece W is attached to the rotary main shaft 11 on one end side. The rotating spindle 11 is driven to rotate around the Z axis by a spindle motor 13 accommodated in the spindle stock 10. The rotation direction of the rotation spindle 11 is the cutting direction.

  The bed 20 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is installed on the floor so as to extend in the Z-axis direction from the headstock 10 below the rotation main shaft 11. On the upper surface of the bed 20, a pair of Z-axis guide rails 21a and 21b on which the tailstock 30 and the carriage 40 can slide are provided in parallel to each other so as to extend in the Z-axis direction. Further, the bed 20 is provided with a Z-axis ball screw (not shown) for driving the carriage 40 in the Z-axis direction between the pair of Z-axis guide rails 21a and 21b. A Z-axis motor 22 that rotates is disposed.

  The tailstock 30 is provided on the pair of Z-axis guide rails 21 a and 21 b so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction with respect to the bed 20. The tailstock 30 is provided with a center 31 capable of supporting the free end surface of the workpiece W gripped by the chuck 12. That is, the center 31 is provided on the tailstock 30 so that the axis of the center 31 coincides with the axis of the rotary spindle 11.

  The carriage 40 is formed in a rectangular plate shape, and is movable between the headstock 10 and the tailstock 30 on the pair of Z-axis guide rails 21 a and 21 b so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction with respect to the bed 20. Is provided. On the upper surface of the carriage 40, a pair of X-axis guide rails 41a and 41b on which the feed table 50 is slidable are provided in parallel to each other so as to extend in the X-axis direction. Further, the carriage 40 is provided with an X-axis ball screw (not shown) for driving the feed base 50 in the X-axis direction between the pair of X-axis guide rails 41a and 41b. An X-axis motor 42 for rotating the motor is disposed.

The feed base 50 is formed in a rectangular plate shape, and is provided on the pair of X-axis guide rails 41 a and 41 b so as to be movable in the X-axis direction with respect to the carriage 40. A turntable 60 is disposed on the upper surface of the feed table 50.
The turntable 60 is formed in a disk shape and is provided so as to be rotatable around the Y axis with respect to the feed table 50. A tool post 70 is disposed on the upper surface of the turntable 60. The feed base 50 is provided with a Y-axis motor 61 that rotationally drives the turntable 60 about the Y-axis.

A cutting tool T is chucked on the tool post 70. A cutting tool is used as the cutting tool T. The cutting tool T can be tilted at an arbitrary angle by rotating the turntable 60 together with the tool rest 70 around the Y axis.
The vibration device 80 includes a vibration element such as a piezoelectric element, and is provided on the tool post 70 so that the cutting tool T can be torsionally vibrated around an axis perpendicular to the Y axis. As the frequency of torsional vibration, ultrasonic waves of several tens kHz to several hundreds kHz are used. The amplitude is set to several μm to several tens of μm. The vibration exciter 80 is configured to periodically separate a minute time between the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T and the outer peripheral surface Wa of the workpiece W in vibration cutting, and a water-soluble working fluid and an oil-based working fluid in coolant supply to be described later. It is used for emulsification.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the coolant supply device 90 includes first and second coolant reservoirs 91 and 92, first and second pumps 93 and 94, and first and second supply nozzles 95 and 96. I have.
The first coolant storage tank 91 stores water-soluble machining liquid Ca. The first pump 93 is provided in the first coolant reservoir 91 so that the water-soluble machining fluid Ca in the first coolant reservoir 91 can be fed to the first supply nozzle 95. The first coolant reservoir 91 and the first pump 93 are installed beside the bed 10. The first supply nozzle 95 supplies water-soluble machining fluid Ca from the supply port 95a to the vibration cutting point P between the cutting tool T and the workpiece W, particularly the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T and the outer peripheral surface Wa of the workpiece W. It attaches to the tool post 70 so that supply is possible, and is connected to the first pump 93 by piping.

  In the second coolant storage tank 92, an oil-based machining liquid Co is stored. The second pump 94 is provided in the second coolant storage tank 92 so that the oily machining liquid Co in the second coolant storage tank 92 can be fed to the second supply nozzle 96. The second coolant reservoir 92 and the second pump 94 are installed beside the bed 10. The second supply nozzle 96 is attached to the tool post 70 so that the oily machining fluid Co can be supplied from the supply port 96a to the cutting tool T and the workpiece W, particularly the vibration cutting point P, and is connected to the second pump 94 and piping. It is connected.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the distance d2 from the supply port 96a of the second supply nozzle 96 to the vibration cutting point P is shorter than the distance d1 from the supply port 95a of the first supply nozzle 95 to the vibration cutting point P. Is arranged. As a result, the oil-based machining liquid Co can be supplied concentratedly at the vibration cutting point P, that is, the contact point P between the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T and the workpiece W, so that the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T is lubricated. Therefore, it is possible to improve processing conditions such as high-speed cutting. In addition, since the water-soluble machining liquid Ca and the oily Co machining liquid are separately supplied, it is possible to manage the concentration according to the machining status. For example, when the workpiece W is a difficult-to-cut material, the cooling efficiency of the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T can be improved by increasing the concentration of the water-soluble machining fluid Ca.

  As the water-soluble machining liquid Ca, water alone can be used in addition to a general water-soluble machining liquid. Moreover, a rust inhibitor etc. may be contained. As the oily working fluid Co, a general oily working fluid can be used. In addition, an additive for obtaining lubrication of the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T at high temperatures may be included. However, the water-soluble processing liquid Ca does not need to contain an emulsifier that emulsifies the water-soluble processing liquid Ca and the oil-based processing liquid Co. This is because the water-soluble processing liquid Ca and the oil-based processing liquid Co are supplied to the vibration cutting point P, and convection (cavitating cavitation occurs) due to vibration, which is emulsified. Thereby, the cost reduction for an emulsifier can be aimed at.

(2. Configuration of control device)
The control device 100 includes a spindle rotation control unit 101, a carriage movement control unit 102, a feed table movement control unit 103, a tool rotation control unit 104, a tool vibration control unit 105, a coolant supply control unit 106, and the like. It is prepared for. Here, each of the units 101 to 106 can be configured by individual hardware, or can be configured by software.

The spindle rotation control unit 101 controls the spindle motor 13 to drive the rotation spindle 11 to rotate at a predetermined rotational speed.
The carriage movement control unit 102 controls the Z-axis motor 22 to reciprocate the carriage 40 along the pair of Z-axis guide rails 21a and 21b.

The feed base movement control 103 controls the X-axis motor 42 to reciprocate the feed base 50 along the pair of X-axis guide rails 41a and 41b.
The tool rotation control unit 104 controls the Y-axis motor 61 to rotationally drive the turntable 60 so that the cutting angle of the cutting tool T is a predetermined angle.
The tool vibration control unit 105 controls the vibration device 80 to torsionally vibrate the cutting tool T at a predetermined frequency.

  The coolant supply control unit 106 drives the first and second pumps 93 and 94, respectively, and the water-soluble machining liquid Ca is supplied from the first and second coolant reservoirs 91 and 92 to the first and second supply nozzles 95 and 96. And oil-based processing liquid Co are fed. Then, the water-soluble machining fluid Ca and the oil-based machining fluid Co are supplied to the cutting tool T and the workpiece W from the supply port 95a of the first supply nozzle 95 and the supply port 96a of the second supply nozzle 96, respectively.

  The control device 100 having such a configuration controls the Y-axis motor 61 to rotationally drive the rotary table 60 so as to obtain a predetermined cutting angle, and controls the vibration device 80 to torsionally vibrate the cutting tool T. Then, the Z-axis motor 22 is controlled to move the carriage 40 in the Z-axis direction to be positioned at a predetermined position, the X-axis motor 42 is controlled to move the feed base 50 in the X-axis direction, and the cutting tool T is moved. The workpiece W is cut by being cut into the workpiece W to perform vibration cutting.

  The vibration device 80, the tool vibration control unit 105, and the like correspond to the “vibrating means” of the present invention, and the carriage 40, the Z-axis guide rails 21a and 21b, the Z-axis motor 22, the feed base 50, and the X-axis guide. The rails 41a and 41b, the X-axis motor 42, the carriage movement control unit 102, the feed table movement control 103, and the like correspond to the “moving means” of the present invention, and the first and second coolant storage tanks 91 of the coolant supply device 90. , 92, first and second pumps 93 and 94, first and second supply nozzles 95 and 96, and the coolant supply control unit 106 correspond to the “supply means” of the present invention.

(3. Vibration cutting operation)
Next, the vibration cutting operation by the control device 100 will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 3, preparation for starting machining is performed (step S1). That is, the carriage movement control unit 102, the carriage movement control unit 103, and the tool rotation control unit 104 control the rotational driving of the Z-axis motor 22, the X-axis motor 42, and the Y-axis motor 61, and The stage 50 is moved and the turntable 60 is rotated to position the cutting tool 74 at the machining start point on the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W.

  Next, the workpiece W is rotated, the cutting tool 74 is torsionally vibrated, and the machining fluid is supplied (step S2). That is, the spindle rotation control unit 101 controls the rotation drive of the spindle motor 13 to rotate the rotating spindle 11 at a predetermined rotation speed. The tool vibration control unit 105 controls the vibration device 80 to torsionally vibrate the cutting tool T at a frequency of 30 kHz, for example. The coolant supply control unit 106 drives the first and second pumps 53 and 54, respectively, so that the water-soluble machining liquid Ca is supplied from the first and second coolant reservoirs 51 and 52 to the first and second supply nozzles 55 and 56. And the oil-based machining fluid Co are fed to the cutting tool T and the workpiece W from the supply port 55a of the first supply nozzle 55 and the supply port 56a of the second supply nozzle 56, respectively. The machining liquid Co is supplied.

  At this time, the supply amount per unit time of the water-soluble machining liquid Ca supplied from the supply port 55a of the first supply nozzle 55 is the oil-based machining liquid Co supplied from the supply port 56a of the second supply nozzle 56. It is controlled so as to be larger than the supply amount per unit time. Thereby, since more water-soluble machining fluid Ca is supplied to the cutting tool T and the workpiece W during vibration cutting, the amount of heat generated at the vibration cutting point P can be reduced. Lifespan can be improved.

The water-soluble machining fluid Ca supplied from the supply port 55a of the first supply nozzle 55 and the oily machining fluid Co supplied from the supply port 56a of the second supply nozzle 56 are caused by vibration at the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T. Convection (cavitating cavitation) occurs, emulsifies to form an emulsion, and aggregates to reach the vibration cutting point P. As a result, the emulsion is not separated into the water-soluble processing liquid Ca and the oil-based processing liquid Co at the vibration cutting point P, so that the cooling effect and the lubricating effect can be enhanced.
Then, as shown in FIG. 3, the cutting process is started (step S5), it is determined whether or not the cutting process is completed (step S6). If the cutting process is not completed, the cutting process is continued ( Step S7) When the cutting process is completed, the process is terminated.

  According to the present embodiment, the water-soluble machining fluid Ca and the oil-based machining fluid Co are convected (cavitating cavitation) and emulsified into an emulsion at the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T due to vibration, and are aggregated to a vibration cutting point P. To reach. Since the cutting edge T of the cutting tool T and the outer peripheral surface Wa of the workpiece W are periodically separated for a minute time due to vibration, the gap between the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T and the outer peripheral surface Wa of the workpiece W is described above. Sufficient emulsion is supplied. Therefore, since the emulsion is not separated into the water-soluble machining liquid Ca and the oil-based machining liquid Co at the vibration cutting point P, the cooling effect and the lubrication effect can be enhanced.

In the above-described embodiment, the water-soluble machining liquid Ca and the oil-based machining liquid Co are supplied to the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T, and the water-soluble machining liquid Ca and the oil-based machining liquid Co are emulsified by vibration. The configuration may be such that an additive is further supplied to the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T, and the oily machining fluid Co and the additive are mixed by vibration.
Further, the coolant supply device 90 is configured to supply the water-soluble machining liquid Ca and the oil-based machining liquid Co from the first and second supply nozzles 95 and 96, respectively. The oil-based machining liquid Co supplied from the supply nozzle 95 may be supplied through a pipe line newly provided in the tool post 70.

  1: vibration cutting device, 21a, 21b: Z-axis guide rail, 22: Z-axis motor, 40: carriage, 41a, 41b: X-axis guide rail, 42: X-axis motor, 50: feed base, 80: vibration 90, coolant supply device, 91: first coolant storage tank, 92: second coolant storage tank, 93: first pump, 94: second pump, 95: first supply nozzle, 96: second supply nozzle, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100: Control apparatus, 102: Carriage movement control part, 103: Feeding board movement control storage part, 105: Tool vibration control part, 106: Coolant supply control part, T: Cutting tool, W: Workpiece

Claims (5)

Vibration means for relatively vibrating the cutting tool and the workpiece;
A moving means for oscillating and cutting the workpiece with the cutting tool by relatively moving the cutting tool and the workpiece;
A supply means for supplying water-soluble machining fluid and oil-based machining fluid to at least the vibration cutting point ,
The vibration cutting device is a vibration cutting device in which the water-soluble machining fluid and the oily machining fluid are convected and emulsified by vibration on the surface of the cutting edge of the cutting tool to form an emulsion .   The vibration cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the supply unit increases the supply amount of the water-soluble machining fluid per unit time than the supply amount of the oily machining fluid per unit time. The supply means is more than a distance from the supply port of the water-soluble machining fluid to the vibration cutting point,
The vibration cutting device according to claim 1, wherein a distance from the oil-based machining fluid supply port to the vibration cutting point is short.   The vibration cutting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water-soluble processing liquid and the oil-based processing liquid do not contain an emulsifier. A vibration process for relatively vibrating the cutting tool and the workpiece;
Moving the cutting tool and the workpiece to move relative to each other and vibrating the workpiece with the cutting tool;
A supply step of supplying water-soluble machining fluid and oil-based machining fluid to at least the vibration cutting point ,
In the vibration step, a vibration cutting method in which, on the surface of the cutting edge of the cutting tool, the water-soluble processing fluid and the oil-based processing fluid are convected and emulsified by vibration to form an emulsion .

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