JP6173868B2 - Spray nozzle and combustion apparatus equipped with spray nozzle - Google Patents

Description

  BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a spray nozzle and a combustion apparatus equipped with a spray nozzle, and more particularly, a two-fluid spray type spray nozzle that atomizes liquid fuel (a spray fluid) using a gas (a spray medium), and the spray nozzle It is related with the combustion apparatus provided with.

  Combustion devices such as gas turbine combustors are required to achieve both diversification of fuel and high environmental performance.

  Regarding fuel diversification, in addition to combustion gas typified by natural gas, liquid fuels such as light oil and heavy fuel oil A are also used. Some gas turbines use fuel gas and liquid fuel according to the fuel supply status. A so-called dual-fuel gas turbine combustor that can be used is also used.

  In these combustion apparatuses, reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrogen monoxide (CO), and soot discharged by combustion is required. In order to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx), gas turbine combustors have been developed with a focus on reducing thermal NOx generated by the participation of nitrogen in the air at high temperatures.

  In order to reduce the thermal NOx of the gas turbine combustor, it is effective to apply a premixed combustion method in which fuel and air are mixed in advance and burned. In this combustion method, by making the ratio of fuel and air constant in the combustion field, a local high temperature field is not generated, and generation of thermal NOx can be suppressed.

  On the other hand, in this combustion type gas turbine combustor, the stable combustion range is narrow, and CO and soot are easily generated as unburned components.

  When liquid fuel is used in a gas turbine combustor, it is desirable to reduce the NOx by atomizing the liquid fuel and promoting mixing with air. For example, in a premixed combustion type gas turbine combustor, when the liquid fuel and air are mixed in advance and the atomization of the liquid fuel is advanced, mixing with the air becomes easy.

  Further, by promoting atomization, the surface area per weight of the liquid fuel increases, and the combustion reaction is accelerated. For this reason, it is difficult to generate unburned components, and the amount of CO and dust generated from the combustion device can be reduced.

  One type of spray nozzle that atomizes liquid fuel is a two-fluid spray method in which air or steam is supplied as a spray medium to liquid fuel (atomizing fluid) and is atomized by mixing with the atomizing fluid.

  This two-fluid spraying method is generally used in a combustion apparatus that requires a change in combustion load because the change in atomization performance with respect to increase or decrease in the amount of liquid fuel used is small compared to the method of spraying by applying pressure to the spray fluid. .

  In a two-fluid spray type spray nozzle (hereinafter simply referred to as a spray nozzle), it is desirable to improve atomization performance and reduce the amount of spray medium used and the pressure to reduce the amount of energy required for spraying. For this reason, studies have been made on methods for mixing spraying media.

  In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-186112 (Patent Document 1), a spray fluid and a spray medium are mixed in a space upstream of the outlet hole (internal mixing chamber), and the mixed fluid after mixing is ejected from a number of outlet holes. The example of the spray nozzle of an internal mixing system is shown.

  Mixing the atomizing fluid and the atomizing medium in the mixing chamber promotes the mixing of the two, and then the atomization is facilitated by ejecting from a number of outlet holes.

  In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-239299 (Patent Document 2), the mixed fluid after mixing the spray fluid and the spray medium is supplied facing each other in the vicinity of the outlet hole of the spray nozzle, and the flow of the opposed mixed fluid is collided. The example of the spray nozzle of the method of promoting atomization is shown.

  Since this method is sprayed in a fan shape from the outlet hole of the spray nozzle, it is also called a fan spray type. In the fan spray type spray nozzle, the spray medium is mixed with the spray fluid in the flow path upstream of the outlet hole, and the mixed fluid collides with each other in the vicinity of the spray hole. By using a mixed fluid of the spray fluid and the spray medium, the collision force of the spray fluid becomes stronger than that of a single fluid, and the spray fluid is miniaturized.

JP 62-186112 A JP 9-239299 A

  The two-fluid spray nozzle disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-186112 mixes a spray fluid and a spray medium in an internal mixing chamber and ejects the mixture from a plurality of outlet holes. Although it is desirable that the mixed fluid be completely mixed in the internal mixing chamber, there may be a local difference in the mixing ratio between the two depending on the pressure and flow rate conditions of the spray fluid and the spray medium.

  In this case, the mixing ratio of the spray fluid and the spray medium fluctuates for each of the plurality of outlet holes provided, and atomization of the spray from some of the outlet holes may be worse than spray from other outlets. .

  The two-fluid spray nozzle disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-239299 mixes a spray fluid and a spray medium in a plurality of mixing sections. For this reason, by defining the flow path cross-sectional area of each mixing section, the variation in the mixing ratio of the spray fluid and the spray medium becomes smaller than that of the spray nozzle disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-186112.

  However, there are many mixing parts of the spray fluid and the spray medium, and the flow path structure becomes complicated. In addition, since the flow path of the spray fluid connected from the upstream side and the flow path of the spray medium intersect at the mixing section, the spray fluid and the spray medium tend to collide with the wall surface of the mixing section at an angle.

  When the solid content in the spray fluid collides with the wall surface at an angle, the wall surface is easily worn, so that when the flow passage is partially worn and the cross-sectional area of the flow channel is widened, the spray fluid and the spray medium flowing through the spray nozzle Since the flow rate changes, it is necessary to replace the spray nozzle.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a spray nozzle and a combustion apparatus equipped with the spray nozzle that can achieve both atomization of the spray fluid and reduction of the amount of spray medium used for atomization of the spray fluid or reduction of the applied pressure. Is to present.

The spray nozzle of the present invention is a spray nozzle that sprays a mixed fluid obtained by mixing a spray fluid with a spray medium, and the spray nozzle supplies a spray fluid channel that supplies the spray fluid and the spray medium. A spray medium flow path, and a spray nozzle tip connected to the spray fluid flow path and the spray medium flow path, and the spray fluid flow path and the spray medium flow path communicated with the spray nozzle tip. by, providing a mixing chamber for the atomizing fluid and the spray medium flow path mixed fluid by mixing the spray medium flowing down the flowing down the the spray fluid flow path, the downstream side of the mixing chamber the A branch portion that branches into a plurality of mixed fluid flow paths branched from the mixed fluid mixed in the mixing chamber is formed at the tip of the spray nozzle, and the branch is formed at the tip of the spray nozzle that is downstream of the branch. Plural flow of mixed fluid branched off The mixed fluid flow path is disposed, and the downstream sides of the plurality of mixed fluid flow paths are disposed to face each other so as to form a merging portion where the mixed fluid flows down and the mixed fluid merges, An outlet hole is provided that communicates with a merge portion formed in the mixed fluid flow path and sprays the mixed fluid mixed in the merge portion to the outside from a spray nozzle.

  A combustion apparatus equipped with a spray nozzle according to the present invention uses the spray nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 6 as a spray nozzle, supplies liquid fuel as a spray fluid to the spray nozzle, and supplies combustion air. A spraying medium is supplied to the spray nozzle.

  Moreover, the combustion apparatus provided with the spray nozzle of the present invention uses the spray nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 6 as the spray nozzle, supplies liquid fuel to the spray nozzle as a spray fluid, and burns air. A part of the above is compressed as a spraying medium and supplied to the spray nozzle.

A combustion apparatus having a spray nozzle according to the present invention includes a gas turbine combustor that uses liquid fuel as a combustion apparatus, a fuel supply system that supplies liquid fuel to the gas turbine combustor, and combustion air to the gas turbine combustor. A combustion air supply system, a gas turbine driven by combustion exhaust gas generated in the gas turbine combustor, and a compressor for supplying combustion air to the gas turbine combustor,
The spray nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is provided as a spray nozzle used in the combustion device.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the combustion apparatus provided with the spray nozzle and spray nozzle which made compatible the acceleration | stimulation of atomization of a spray fluid, and the reduction of the usage-amount of the spraying medium used for atomization of the spray fluid, or the reduction of a pressurization force. Can be realized.

Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the front-end | tip part of the spray nozzle which is 1st Example of this invention. The front view which looked at the spray nozzle of 1st Example of this invention from the nozzle front end side. Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the front-end | tip part of the spray nozzle which is 2nd Example of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the front-end | tip part of the spray nozzle which is 3rd Example of this invention. The front view which looked at the spray nozzle of 2nd Example and 3rd Example of this invention from the nozzle front end side. Overall configuration of a gas turbine plant in which a gas turbine combustor having a spray nozzle according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention having the spray nozzles of the first to third embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 is installed. FIG. A gas turbine plant in which another gas turbine combustor having a spray nozzle according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention having the spray nozzles of the first to third embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 is installed. The schematic block diagram which shows the whole structure.

  A spray nozzle which is an embodiment of the present invention and a combustion apparatus including the spray nozzle will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  A spray nozzle 31 according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the tip of a spray nozzle 31 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the spray nozzle 31 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the downstream side in the spray fluid supply direction.

The spray nozzle 31 of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 supplies liquid fuel 2 by applying pressure as a spray fluid 41 and using another fluid (compressed air, steam, or the like) as a spray medium 42. In addition, a mixed fluid 43 in which the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 are mixed is formed in the spray nozzle 31, and the mixed fluid channel 57 is disposed near the tip of the spray nozzle 31. the atomizing fluid 41 in the fluid mixture 43 by impinging at the joining part 81 of those of the mixed fluid flow path by to flow down counterflow finer within 58,60,59, spray fluid 41 fine The spray nozzle 31 is configured to be ejected to the outside through outlet holes 61 and 62 provided at the tip of the spray nozzle 31.

The spray fluid 41 in the mixed fluid 43 sprayed to the outside from the outlet holes 61 and 62 of the spray nozzle 31 is preferably atomized to a diameter of less than 100 μm, preferably 50 μm or less. Fine particles have a large surface area in the volume, and are likely to evaporate due to the temperature rise by heat radiation from the combustion chamber. Also, the combustion reaction as droplets is fast.

  On the other hand, coarse particles having a diameter of 150 μm or more are difficult to evaporate or burn and cause CO and dust emission as unburned components. Further, the mixing of the spray fluid and air is poor, which causes NOx emission.

  For this reason, the spray nozzle 31 advances atomization and contributes to promotion of a combustion reaction by increasing fine particles. The degree of atomization can be adjusted by the pressure of the mixed fluid 43 and the spray medium ratio (ratio of the spray medium 42 to the spray fluid 41).

  By atomizing the liquid fuel spray fluid 41, mixing with combustion air can be promoted, and NOx discharged from the combustion apparatus can be suppressed. Further, by atomizing the liquid fuel, the combustion reaction can be accelerated, and the emission of CO and soot that are unburned can be suppressed. In the combustion method, NOx, CO, and dust reduction effects due to atomization can be obtained even in a diffusion combustion type combustor or boiler that separately supplies and burns fuel and air.

  The structure of the tip of the spray nozzle 31 of this embodiment will be further described with reference to FIGS. In the spray nozzle 31 of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tip of the spray nozzle 31 has a structure that can be disassembled into the inner cylinder part 51 and the outer cylinder part 52, but may be an integral structure. .

  On the uppermost stream side of the inner cylinder portion 51 constituting the spray nozzle 31, a spray fluid passage 53 through which a spray fluid 41 that is liquid fuel flows, and a spray medium passage 54 through which a spray medium 42 that is air or steam flows. Is provided. The spray fluid 41 is a liquid fuel such as light oil or A heavy oil, and the spray medium 42 is generally pressurized air or steam.

  The atomizing fluid 41 and the atomizing medium 42 flow into an internal mixing chamber 55 provided inside the inner cylinder portion 51 downstream of the atomizing fluid channel 53 and the atomizing medium channel 54, and are mixed. A mixed fluid 43 is formed in the mixing chamber 55.

  In the spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the spray medium 42 flows into the internal mixing chamber 55 via a plurality of spray medium flow paths 56, but from the single spray medium flow path 56 to the inside You may form so that it may flow in into the mixing chamber 55 directly.

  Further, the spray fluid 41 may be formed so as to flow into the internal mixing chamber 55 via the plurality of spray fluid channels 53. The spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 are allowed to flow into the internal mixing chamber 55 through a plurality of flow paths, so that the mixing of the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 is accelerated.

  On the downstream side of the internal mixing chamber 55, a plurality of mixed fluid flow paths in which a mixed fluid 43 obtained by mixing the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 in the internal mixing chamber 55 is disposed on the downstream side of the inner cylinder portion 51. The branch part 70 which branches a mixed fluid to 57-60 is provided.

  The mixed fluid flow paths 57 to 60 are disposed on the outer peripheral side of the inner cylinder portion 51 adjacent to the outer cylinder 52 and the mixed fluid flow paths 58 and 59 disposed on the axial center side of the inner cylinder portion 51. It is composed of mixed fluid flow paths 57 and 60.

The mixed fluid flow path 57 disposed on the outer peripheral side through which the mixed fluid 43 flows and the mixed fluid flow path 58 disposed on the axial center side are the mixed fluid flow paths 57 close to the tip of the spray nozzle 31, 58 is arranged so that the mixed fluid 43 flows down on the downstream side of the mixed fluid 43, and the mixed fluid 43 that flows down on the downstream side of the mixed fluid flow channels 57, 58 collides with each other. As a result, a joining portion 81 where the spray fluid 41 in the mixed fluid 43 is refined is formed.

Similarly, the mixed fluid flow path 60 disposed on the outer peripheral side through which the mixed fluid 43 flows and the mixed fluid flow path 59 disposed on the axial center side of these mixed fluid flow paths close to the tip of the spray nozzle 31 are used. The mixed fluid 43 is arranged so that the downstream side of the passages 60 and 59 flows down to the mixed fluid 43, and the mixed fluid 43 flows down in the downstream side of the mixed fluid flow channels 60 and 59. Are colliding with each other to form a junction 82 where the spray fluid 41 in the mixed fluid 43 is refined.

Then, they communicate with the merging portion 81 on the downstream side of the mixed fluid flow paths 57 and 58 and the merging portion 82 on the downstream side of the mixed fluid flow paths 60 and 59, respectively. Outlet holes 61 and 62 serving as openings for spraying the spray fluid 41 in the mixed fluid 43 that has passed through the sections 81 and 82 to the outside as the atomized spray 44 are provided on the outer surface of the tip of the spray nozzle 31, respectively. ing.

  In the spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment, the downstream part of the mixed fluid flow paths 57 to 60 is provided in the inner cylinder part 51 and the boundary surface between the inner cylinder part 51 and the outer cylinder part 52, and the outlet hole 61, Reference numeral 62 denotes an intersecting portion between the long holes 63 and 64 provided at the distal end portion of the outer cylindrical portion 52 and the mixed fluid flow paths 57 to 60.

  In the case of the spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment, elongated holes 63 and 64 provided at the distal end portion of the outer cylinder portion 52 installed on the outer peripheral side of the inner cylinder portion 51 are mixed fluid flow paths 57, 58 and the mixed fluid flow paths 60 and 59 are formed in a rectangular shape having a longitudinal direction in a direction perpendicular to the mixed fluid flow paths 60 and 59, so that the mixed fluid 43 to be ejected has a fan-shaped spray 44 in the longitudinal direction of the elongated holes 63 and 64. It expands in the (YY direction of FIG. 2).

  A type like the spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment in which a fluid collides with each other to form a flat fan-shaped spray 44 is particularly called a fan spray type spray nozzle.

  Since the flat fan-shaped spray 44 has a longer boundary with the surrounding gas than a general conical spray, a shearing force due to a difference in flow velocity from the surrounding gas is likely to work. For this reason, the fan-shaped spray 44 has a feature that atomization is better than a general conical spray.

  In addition, the flat fan-shaped spray 44 tends to have a lower momentum of spray near the spray nozzle than the general conical spray due to the expansion of the spray and the shearing force with the surrounding gas. For this reason, the flat fan-shaped spray 44 tends to retain spray particles in the vicinity of the spray nozzle.

  For example, when the spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment is applied to the spray nozzle of a gas turbine combustor, if the spray fluid is sprayed from the spray nozzle 31 as a flat fan-shaped spray 44, the momentum of the spray decreases. The spray particles flow according to the air flow in the combustor, so that the spray particles hardly adhere to the partition wall of the combustion chamber of the gas turbine combustor provided with the spray nozzle 31, and the spray particles adhere to the partition wall of the combustion chamber of the gas turbine combustor. It becomes difficult to cause obstacles such as coking due to combustion or alteration of liquid fuel.

  The atomization of the atomizing fluid 41 is promoted by mixing with the atomizing medium 42 and shearing force with the surrounding gas ejected from the outlet holes 61 and 62. In particular, the following four items (A) to (D) are shown for the part that effectively promotes atomization.

  (A) Mixing of the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 in the internal mixing chamber 55 of the spray nozzle 31.

  (B) Mixing of the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 in the individual mixed fluid flow paths after branching from the internal mixing chamber 55.

  (C) Promotion of mixing of the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 by causing the mixed fluid 43 of the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 in the vicinity of the outlet hole of the spray nozzle 31 to collide with each other.

  (D) Shear force due to the difference in flow rate between the mixed fluid 43 after ejected from the outlet hole of the spray nozzle 31 and the surrounding gas.

  The items (A) to (C) are the mixing of the spray fluid 41, which is a liquid in the flow path, and the spray medium 42, which is a gas, and atomization by dispersing the liquid in the gas.

  In the item (A), the liquid spray fluid 41 and the gas spray medium 42 are mixed. Item (B) shows the part where the dispersion and atomization of the liquid proceed in the course of the mixed fluid 43 flowing down the mixed fluid flow paths 57 to 60 and the shearing force due to the flow velocity difference in the flow path.

  Item (C) is also a kind of dispersion and atomization of the liquid in the mixed fluid 43. In the vicinity of the outlet holes 61 and 62 serving as the tip of the spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment, the downstream side of these mixed fluid flow paths 57 and 58 close to the tip of the spray nozzle 31 flows down with the mixed fluid 43 facing down. And the downstream side of the mixed fluid flow paths 60 and 59 flows down to face the mixed fluid 43 and collides at the junction 82. ing.

  Therefore, the mixed fluid 43 that has flowed down on the downstream side of the mixed fluid flow paths 57 and 58 collides with the merging portion 81 of the mixed fluid flow paths 57 and 58 and faces the downstream side of the mixed fluid flow paths 60 and 59. The mixed fluid 43 that has flowed down collides at the joining portion 82 of the mixed fluid flow paths 60 and 59, thereby causing strong disturbance in the mixed fluid 43.

The collision due to the miniaturization of the atomizing fluid 41 in the fluid mixture 43 mixed willing spray fluid 41 and the atomizing medium 42 which forms a mixed fluid 43 is promoted.

  Item (D) is atomization caused by the sprayed fluid 41, which is a liquid in the mixed fluid, receiving a strong shearing force due to a difference in flow velocity from the surrounding gas after the mixed fluid 43 is ejected from the outlet holes 61 and 62.

  When the mixed fluid 43 collides according to the item (C), the mixed fluid 43 ejected from the outlet forms a flat fan-shaped spray 44 that spreads in a plane orthogonal to the collision direction.

  The fan-shaped spray 44 has a feature that the atomization of the spray fluid 41 in the mixed fluid 43 according to the item (D) is promoted because the boundary portion with the surrounding gas is longer than the cylindrical spray.

  As described above, the atomization of the spray fluid 41 is mainly performed in the items (C) and (D) close to the outlet portion, but the mixed fluids flowing through the mixed fluid channels in the items (A) and (B). Since the ratio of the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 in 43 is determined, the items (A) and (B) are also important parts that influence the atomization performance of the spray fluid 41.

  In particular, the spray nozzle 31 of this embodiment is intended to reduce variation in the ratio of the spray fluid 41 to the spray medium 42 in the mixed fluid 43 and promote atomization in the above items (A) and (B). is there. When the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 are mixed in the internal mixing chamber 55 to form a mixed fluid, the mixed fluid 43 is branched, the branched mixed fluid 43 is caused to collide by flowing down as a counter flow, and further mixed. The effects shown in the following 1) to 3) are produced by the two-stage mixing.

  1) The first effect is that the formation of the mixed fluid 43 obtained by mixing the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 is promoted, and the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium in the mixed fluid 43 at the plurality of outlet holes 61 and 62 This is to suppress variation in the ratio of 42. Thereby, atomization can be promoted.

  When the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 merge to form the mixed fluid 43 in the internal mixing chamber 55 provided inside the inner cylinder portion 51, the flow direction changes and the turbulence associated with the merge. However, if the internal mixing chamber 55 is large, the turbulence of the flow is reduced, and there is a possibility that both are separated due to the difference in density between the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42.

  Therefore, the branch fluid 70 is provided on the downstream side of the internal mixing chamber 55 and the mixed fluid 43 formed in the internal mixing chamber 55 is divided into a plurality of mixed fluid flow paths 57 to 60 on the downstream side of the internal mixing chamber 55. By flowing down, variation in the ratio of the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 in the mixed fluid 43 ejected from the outlet holes 61 and 62 is suppressed.

  In addition, the mixed fluid channel that flows down the mixed fluid 43 is branched into a plurality of mixed fluid channels 57 to 60, so that the mixed fluid 43 has a shearing force between the mixed fluid 43 and the wall surface that forms the channel. Disturbance tends to occur. By utilizing the turbulence of the mixed fluid 43, mixing of the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 forming the mixed fluid 43 and atomization of the mixed fluid 43 are promoted.

  In the case of the internal mixing chamber shown in Patent Document 1, the mixing state varies depending on the volume of the internal mixing chamber. For example, when the internal mixing chamber is narrowed, the outlet hole is reached before the mixing of the spray fluid and the spray medium proceeds.

  On the other hand, when the internal mixing chamber is too large, the turbulence of the flow when mixing the spray fluid and the spray medium is settled, and separation may occur due to the density difference between the two.

  This mixing state varies depending on the volume of the internal mixing chamber, the spray fluid, the flow rate of the spray medium, and the pressure conditions. For this reason, if the operating conditions change, the atomization performance also changes.

  On the other hand, in the spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment, the downstream side of the internal mixing chamber 55 provided in the spray nozzle 31 is branched into a plurality of mixed fluid channels. Disturbance of the flow of the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 is settled, and the fluid is branched into a plurality of mixed fluid flow paths before the two are separated, so that the mixed fluid at the outlet hole at the tip of the spray nozzle regardless of the operating conditions. Variation in the ratio between the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 in 43 can be suppressed.

  Further, the mixed fluid 43 in which the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 are mixed is branched into a plurality of mixed fluid flow paths, so that the mixed fluid 43 is sheared between the mixed fluid 43 and the flow path wall surface. 43 is likely to be disturbed. Due to the disturbance of the mixed fluid 43, the mixing of the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 and the atomization of the spray fluid 41 are promoted.

  2) The second effect is suppression of wear at the mixing portion where the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 are mixed. When mixing the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42, for example, when mixing the two by intersecting the respective flow paths, the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 collide with the wall surface of the mixing portion at an angle. Easy to do.

  If the solid content contained in the spray fluid 41 collides with the wall surface of the flow path at an angle, the wall surface is easily worn. In particular, when the flow path is narrow, the ratio of the contact portion with the wall surface with respect to the cross-sectional area of the flow path increases, so that the frequency of the solid content in the spray fluid 41 colliding with the wall surface of the flow path increases and the mixing portion is easily worn.

  In the spray nozzle 31 of this embodiment, the mixed fluid 43 is formed by joining the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 in the internal mixing chamber 55 provided in the inner cylinder portion 51. Compared with the case where the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 using a plurality of flow paths are combined and mixed, both are mixed in a wide space such as the internal mixing chamber 55. The ratio of the contact portion with the road wall surface is small, and the frequency with which the solid content in the spray fluid 41 collides with the wall surface of the flow path is low.

  Further, the flow path for allowing the mixed fluid 43 to flow down on the downstream side of the internal mixing chamber 55 is branched and divided into a plurality of mixed fluid flow paths. On the downstream side of the internal mixing chamber 55, the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium Since 42 flows in substantially the same direction, it is difficult for only the spray fluid 41 to collide with the channel wall surface at an angle. For this reason, compared with the case where the merging and mixing of the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 using a plurality of flow paths are performed, the wall surface of the flow path is less likely to be worn at the mixing portion.

  In the case of mixing in a plurality of flow paths shown in Patent Document 2, since the flow path of the spray fluid connected from the upstream side of the mixing section and the flow path of the spray medium intersect, the spray fluid or spray The medium is likely to collide with an angle.

  When the solid content contained in the spray fluid collides with the channel wall surface at an angle, the channel wall surface on which the spray fluid flows is likely to be worn. Furthermore, when this flow path is branched into a plurality of flow paths, the ratio of the contact portion with the flow path wall surface relative to the cross-sectional area of the flow path increases, so that the solid content contained in the spray fluid collides with the flow path wall surface. Increase the frequency of For this reason, the flow path wall surface is easily worn at the mixing portion where the spray fluid and the spray medium are mixed.

  On the other hand, in the spray nozzle 31 of this embodiment, the mixed fluid 43 is formed by joining the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 in the internal mixing chamber 55 provided in the spray nozzle 31. Compared with the case of merging and mixing in a plurality of flow paths, the ratio of the contact portion with the wall surface relative to the cross-sectional area of the flow path is small, and the frequency of solid content in the flow colliding with the wall surface is low.

  Further, since the fluid is branched into a plurality of mixed fluid flow paths on the downstream side of the internal mixing chamber 55, the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 flow in the same direction, and only the spray fluid hardly collides with the wall surface of the mixing section at an angle. For this reason, compared with the case of the confluence | merging and mixing in a some flow path, it becomes difficult to wear at a mixing part.

  3) The third effect is suppression of flow disturbance due to alteration of the spray fluid 41 (liquid fuel). When the liquid fuel stays at a high temperature, the polymer component inside changes in quality and may cause a phenomenon called so-called coking, in which it precipitates as a solid and adheres to the wall surface of the flow path.

  When this caulking occurs, the flow path is blocked, which hinders the spraying from the spray nozzle and the operation of the combustion apparatus equipped with the spray nozzle. Caulking is likely to occur when liquid fuel is present alone and is exposed to high temperatures.

  For example, when the spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment is applied to the spray nozzle of a gas turbine combustor, the tip of the spray nozzle 31 faces the inner cylinder of the combustion chamber of the gas turbine combustor, so that the high-temperature combustion gas High temperature is likely to occur due to heat radiation from

  For this reason, at the tip of the spray nozzle 31, the liquid fuel spray fluid 41 is supplied in the state of the mixed fluid 43 in which the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 are mixed, and is sent in a high-speed flow, thereby shortening the residence time. It is desirable.

  On the other hand, a large space such as the internal mixing chamber 55 provided inside the inner cylinder portion 51 of the spray nozzle 31 has a space in which a part of the liquid stays. It is desirable to separate as much as possible.

  In the spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment, a plurality of mixed fluid flow paths for branching and flowing down the mixed fluid 43 formed in the internal mixing chamber 55 downstream of the internal mixing chamber 55 provided in the inner cylinder portion 51. The internal mixing chamber 55 can be provided at a position away from the tip of the spray nozzle 31.

  A plurality of mixed fluid flow paths for branching and flowing the mixed fluid 43 from the internal mixing chamber 55 have a narrow cross-sectional area as described above, and separation of the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 is unlikely to occur. In addition, the possibility of wearing the wall surface of the flow path is low.

  For this reason, by forming a wide space such as the flow path of the liquid fuel alone or the internal mixing chamber 55 at a position away from the tip of the spray nozzle, the occurrence of coking in the flow path in the spray nozzle 31 and the The accompanying flow disturbance is unlikely to occur.

  As described above, in the spray nozzle 31 of this embodiment, the ratio of the spray fluid 41 to the spray medium 42 in the mixed fluid 43 ejected from the individual outlet holes is constant, and the atomization of the spray fluid 41 is promoted and sprayed. It is possible to achieve both a reduction in the amount of medium used and a reduction in pressure.

  Further, wear at the mixing portion of the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 and coking in the flow path can be suppressed, and the use time of the spray nozzle 31 can be extended.

  Since the surface area per unit weight of the liquid fuel increases due to the atomization of the mixed fluid 43, the combustion reaction proceeds and carbon monoxide and soot, which are unburned at the outlet of the combustion apparatus equipped with the spray nozzle 31, are reduced. , Combustion efficiency can be increased. Moreover, by accelerating the combustion reaction, consumption of oxygen progresses and generation of nitrogen oxides can be suppressed.

  Furthermore, the amount of unburned dust, soot, and carbon monoxide can be reduced, so that excess air that is put into the combustion device provided with the spray nozzle 31 can be reduced. When excess air is reduced, the amount of combustion exhaust gas is also reduced, and the sensible heat released to the outside of the combustion apparatus together with the combustion exhaust gas is reduced, so that the thermal efficiency can be increased.

  In addition, by suppressing the amount of the spray medium 42 used and reducing the pressure, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption used for each supply and pressure of the spray medium 42.

  The spray nozzle 31 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 2 has been described with respect to the case where there are two outlet holes, the outlet hole 61 and the outlet hole 62, but also when there are three or more outlet holes. The spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment can be applied.

  Next, a spray nozzle 31 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of the tip of the spray nozzle 31 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 shows the spray nozzle 31 of this embodiment shown in FIG. 3 as viewed from the downstream side in the spray fluid supply direction. A plan view is shown. The tip of the spray nozzle 31 of this embodiment has a structure that can be disassembled into an inner cylinder part 51 and an outer cylinder part 52, but it may be an integral structure.

  The spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 has the same basic configuration and operational effects as the spray nozzle 31 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. The description of the configuration will be omitted, and only different parts will be described below.

  In the spray nozzle 31 of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, a swirl flow generator 71 is provided in the internal mixing chamber 55. The spray fluid 41 flowing down the spray fluid channel 53 and the spray medium 42 flowing down the spray medium channel 54 are connected to each other by the spray fluid channel 53 and the spray medium channel 54. It flows into the internal mixing chamber 55 provided inside the inner cylinder portion 51 constituting the nozzle 31, and the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 are mixed to form the mixed fluid 43.

  Then, the mixed fluid 43 formed by mixing the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium passage 54 in the internal mixing chamber 55 passes through the swirling flow generator 71 installed on the downstream side of the internal mixing chamber 55. In the mixed fluid 43, a flow velocity component in the circumferential direction is induced with respect to the axis of the spray nozzle 31 (the XX direction in FIG. 3).

  The mixed fluid 43 that has passed through the swirling flow generator 71 is branched by a branching section 70 installed on the downstream side of the swirling flow generator 71, and the mixed fluid 43 branched by the branching section 70 is a mixed fluid flow path. The downstream sides of 57 and 58 are joined to face each other. An opening (exit hole) 61 is provided in communication with the merging portion to the outer surface of the spray nozzle.

  In this embodiment, the downstream portions of the mixed fluid channels 57 and 58 are provided at the boundary surface between the inner cylinder portion 51 and the outer cylinder portion 52, and the outlet holes 61 are the elongated holes 63 provided in the outer cylinder portion and the mixed fluid channels 57. , 58 intersections. The atomization of the atomizing fluid 41 proceeds by the mixing with the atomizing medium 42 and the shearing force with the surrounding gas after ejection from the outlet holes 61 and 62.

  By passing through the swirl flow generator 71 on the downstream side of the internal mixing chamber 55, the mixed fluid 43 is induced with a flow velocity component in the circumferential direction with respect to the axis of the spray nozzle (XX direction in FIG. 3). Therefore, a large amount of the mixed fluid 43 flows in the outer diameter direction of the internal mixing chamber and branches in the circumferential direction when branching at the branching portion 70, so that the spray fluid and the spray medium flow into each flow path at the same ratio. It becomes easy to do.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, a spray nozzle that achieves both atomization of the spray fluid and reduction in the amount of spray medium used for atomization of the spray fluid or reduction in the applied pressure is realized. it can.

  Next, a spray nozzle 31 according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  4 shows a sectional view of the tip of a spray nozzle 31 according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 shows the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4 in the same manner as the spray nozzle 31 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. The top view which looked at the spray nozzle 31 of the Example from the downstream of the supply direction of the spray fluid is shown.

  The tip portion of the spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment is also a structure that can be disassembled into the inner cylinder portion 51 and the outer cylinder portion 52, but may be an integral structure.

  The spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 has the same basic configuration and operational effects as the spray nozzle 31 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. The description of the configuration will be omitted, and only different parts will be described below.

  The spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 has a flow path reducing portion 72 that narrows the flow path on the downstream side of the internal mixing chamber 55 provided inside the inner cylinder portion 51. Yes. The spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 are mixed in an internal mixing chamber 55 provided downstream of the flow paths 53 and 54 to become a mixed fluid 43.

  The flow rate of the mixed fluid 43 increases by passing through the flow path reducing portion 72 provided on the downstream side of the internal mixing chamber 55. Then, the mixed fluid 43 branched by the branching portion 70 provided on the downstream side of the flow path reducing portion 72 is at the tip of the spray nozzle 31 among the mixed fluid flow paths 57 and 58 that cause the branched mixed fluid 43 to flow down. The downstream side of the mixed fluid flow paths 57 and 58 in the vicinity is arranged so as to flow down the mixed fluid 43, and a confluence portion 83 where the mixed fluid 43 flowing in the opposite direction collides and mixes is provided in the mixed fluid. The structure is formed in the flow paths 57 and 58.

  An opening (outlet hole) 61 for ejecting the mixed fluid 43 is provided on the outer surface of the tip of the spray nozzle 31 in the junction 83.

  In the spray nozzle 3 of the present embodiment, the downstream portions of the mixed fluid flow paths 57 and 58 are provided at the boundary surface between the inner cylinder portion 51 and the outer cylinder portion 52, and the outlet hole 61 is formed on the outer surface of the distal end portion of the outer cylinder portion 52. It is formed as an intersection of the provided long hole 63 and the mixed fluid flow paths 57 and 58.

  The atomization of the atomizing fluid 41 is promoted by the mixing with the atomizing medium 42 and the shearing force with the surrounding gas after being ejected from the outlet hole 61.

  As the mixed fluid 43 passes through the flow path reducing portion 72 provided on the downstream side of the internal mixing chamber 55, mixing is performed in the vicinity of the branch portion 70 formed on the downstream side of the flow path reducing portion 72 provided in the internal mixing chamber 55. The flow rate of the fluid 43 is increased, and the mixing of the spray fluid 41 forming the mixed fluid 43 and the spray medium 42 is further promoted.

  After the mixing of the sprayed fluid 41 forming the mixed fluid 43 and the spraying medium 42 is promoted, the mixed fluid 43 is branched at the branching portion 70, thereby flowing down the mixed fluid channels 57 and 58. As the mixed fluid 43, the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 are likely to flow in at the same ratio.

  Although the spray nozzle 31 of the second and third embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 has been described with respect to the case where there is one outlet hole 61, this embodiment also applies to the case where there are two or more outlet holes. The spray nozzle 31 can be applied.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, a spray nozzle that achieves both atomization of the spray fluid and reduction in the amount of spray medium used for atomization of the spray fluid or reduction in the applied pressure is realized. it can.

  Next, a gas turbine combustor equipped with a spray nozzle as a combustion apparatus equipped with a spray nozzle according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an overall configuration of a gas turbine plant in which a gas turbine combustor including a spray nozzle according to the present embodiment is installed. The gas turbine plant shown in FIG. 6 introduces and burns a compressor 6 that compresses air to generate high-pressure combustion air 1 and combustion air 1 and fuel 2 that are generated by the compressor 6. Generated in the gas turbine combustor 7 and the gas turbine combustor 7 having the spray nozzles 31 of the first to third embodiments shown in FIGS. The turbine 8 is driven by introducing the combustion gas 3, and the generator 9 is driven by the turbine 8 and generates electric power.

  The motive power that drives the turbine 8 by the combustion gas 3 generated by the gas turbine combustor 7 rotates the generator 9 to generate electric power, and is also used for driving the compressor 6.

  In the gas turbine plant described above, an example is shown in which the generator 9 is driven by the power obtained by the turbine 8 to generate power. However, the power obtained by the turbine 8 may be used for a rotating machine, for example.

  A gas turbine combustor 7, which is a combustion apparatus provided with a spray nozzle 31 according to the present embodiment, is sealed with an outer cylinder 11 for introducing combustion air 1 and an end cover 12 attached to the outer cylinder 11. It constitutes a pressure vessel.

  The inside of the outer cylinder 11 is formed by mixing the fuel sprayed from the fuel nozzle 31 with the combustion air and combusting to form a combustion chamber 13a serving as a combustion space in which the combustion gas 3 is generated. A transition piece 14 having a narrower flow path than the flow path of the inner cylinder 13 is provided downstream of the cylinder 13, and is connected to the turbine 8 downstream of the transition piece 14.

  The combustion air 1 passes through the space between the outer cylinder 11 and the inner cylinder 13 and is supplied into the inner cylinder 13 from the most upstream portion (the end cover 12 side in FIG. 1) of the inner cylinder 13, and the fuel 2 is supplied to the end cover 15. The fuel nozzle 31 penetrating the fuel is sprayed to the combustion chamber 13 a in the inner cylinder 13.

  The fuel 2 sprayed to the combustion chamber 13a in the inner cylinder 13 is mixed with the combustion air 1, and the mixed gas is ignited by the spark plug 16 to start combustion.

  The gas turbine combustor 7 is required to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and soot. For this reason, the mixing direction of the combustion air 1 and the fuel 2 is improved, and the jet direction, flow velocity, and flow rate distribution of the combustion air 1 through the swirler 15 that gives the swirl flow to the combustion air 1 and the air intake port 17 are adjusted. The combustion air 1 is caused to flow into the combustion chamber 13 a in the inner cylinder 13 by adjusting.

  In addition, it is desirable to cool a partition portion of the inner cylinder 13 by introducing a part of the combustion air 1 into the combustion chamber 13 a in the inner cylinder 13 from an air introduction port 19 provided on the side surface of the inner cylinder 13.

  A fuel supply system for supplying fuel to the gas turbine combustor 7 having the spray nozzle 31 of this embodiment shown in FIG. 6 will be described. The gas turbine combustor 7 which is a combustion apparatus having the spray nozzle 31 of this embodiment. The fuel supply system for supplying liquid fuel to the fuel tank includes a fuel tank 22, a transfer pump 23 for transferring the liquid fuel from the fuel tank 22, and a transfer adjusting valve 24 for adjusting the fuel to be transferred. On the downstream side of the transfer adjustment valve 24, a high pressure pump 25 for pressurizing the liquid fuel that has passed through the transfer pump 23 and the transfer adjustment valve 24, and a pressure adjustment valve 26 for adjusting the pressure of the fuel are provided.

  Further, on the downstream side of the high pressure pump 25 and the pressure regulating valve 26, a shutoff valve 27 for shutting off the supply of liquid fuel via the high pressure pump 25 and the pressure regulating valve 26, and a flow rate regulating valve 28 for adjusting the flow rate of the liquid fuel. And a fuel flow meter 29 for measuring the flow rate of the liquid fuel passing through the high pressure pump 25 and the pressure regulating valve 26, and a fuel distributor 30 for distributing the liquid fuel are installed on the downstream side of the fuel distributor. The liquid fuel 2 distributed at 30 is supplied to a fuel nozzle 31 installed in the gas turbine combustor 7, and the fuel 2 is sprayed from the fuel nozzle 31 into the combustion chamber 13 a in the inner cylinder 13 and combusted. Has been.

  In addition, the atomizing air 1 supplied to the gas turbine combustor 7 is pressurized by a high pressure compressor 32 which is a part of the air compressed by the compressor 6, and the pressure / flow rate installed downstream of the high pressure compressor 32. It is configured to supply the fuel nozzle 31 as the atomizing air 1 through the regulating valve 33 and the air distributor 34.

  The atomizing air 1 is used not only for atomizing the liquid fuel 2 but also for purging air for removing the residue in the flow path and the fuel nozzle 31 when the supply of the liquid fuel 2 is started or stopped.

  The atomizing air 1 can be obtained by a single compressor in addition to the method of increasing the pressure of the compressed air obtained by the compressor 6 of the gas turbine. It is also possible to use steam instead of air.

  A plurality of spray nozzles 31 and gas turbine combustors 7 are generally provided in a gas turbine plant, but only a part of them is shown in FIG.

  Further, in the gas turbine combustor 7 having the spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the case where the liquid fuel 2 is used as the fuel has been described as an example, but the gas having the spray nozzle 31 of the present embodiment is used. The turbine combustor 7 can be applied to a so-called dual fuel gas turbine combustor that has a gaseous fuel as a separate system in addition to the liquid fuel and can use the gaseous fuel and the liquid fuel according to the fuel supply status.

  The liquid fuel is desirably atomized to a diameter of less than 100 μm, preferably to 50 μm or less. Fine particles have a large surface area in the volume and are likely to evaporate due to the temperature rise by heat radiation from the inside of the furnace. Also, the combustion reaction as droplets is fast.

  On the other hand, coarse particles having a diameter of 150 μm or more are difficult to evaporate or burn and cause CO and dust emission as unburned components. Further, since the mixing of the fuel gas and air is poor, it causes NOx emission. For this reason, a spray nozzle advances atomization and contributes to promotion of a combustion reaction by increasing fine particles. The degree of atomization can be adjusted by the pressure of the mixed fluid and the amount of the spray medium (ratio of the spray medium to the spray fluid).

  By using the spray nozzle 31 of the present invention shown in any one of the first to third embodiments for the combustion apparatus shown in the present embodiment, the spray fluid 41 in the mixed fluid 43 ejected from the individual outlet holes of the spray nozzle 31 and The ratio of the atomizing medium 42 can be kept constant, so that the atomization of the atomizing fluid 41 can be promoted, the amount of atomizing medium used can be reduced, and the applied pressure can be reduced.

  Further, wear at the mixing portion of the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 and coking in the flow path can be suppressed, and the use time of the spray nozzle 31 can be extended.

  Since the surface area per unit weight of the liquid fuel increases due to the atomization of the mixed fluid 43, the combustion reaction proceeds and carbon monoxide and soot, which are unburned at the outlet of the combustion apparatus equipped with the spray nozzle 31, are reduced. , Combustion efficiency can be increased.

  Further, by proceeding with the combustion reaction quickly, consumption of oxygen proceeds, generation of nitrogen oxides can be suppressed, and unburned matter, soot and carbon monoxide can be reduced. In addition, by suppressing the amount of the spray medium 42 used and reducing the pressure, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption used for each supply and pressure of the spray medium 42.

  In the combustion method, NOx, CO, and dust reduction effects due to atomization can be obtained even in a diffusion combustion type combustor or boiler that separately supplies and burns fuel and air.

  Next, a gas turbine combustor provided with a spray nozzle as a combustion apparatus provided with a spray nozzle according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an overall configuration of a gas turbine plant in which a gas turbine combustor 7b having a spray nozzle according to the present embodiment is installed.

  The gas turbine combustor 7b having the spray nozzle of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is basically the same as the gas turbine combustor 7 having the spray nozzle of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. Since they are the same, the description of the configuration common to both is omitted, and only the differences are described below.

  The spray nozzle 31 used in the gas turbine combustor 7b having the spray nozzle of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is the spray nozzle 31 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. The description of the spray nozzle 31 is omitted because the spray nozzle 31 is the spray nozzle 31 of the second and third embodiments shown in FIG.

  The gas turbine combustor 7b having the spray nozzle of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is different from the gas turbine combustor 7 having the spray nozzle of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. Inside the inner cylinder 13 of the combustor 7, upstream of the combustion chamber 13 a serving as a combustion space in which the fuel sprayed from the fuel nozzle 31 and the combustion air are mixed and burned to generate the combustion gas 3, A premixing chamber 18 into which a part of the combustion air 1 is introduced is provided around the fuel nozzle 31 on the downstream side of the swirler 15 that swirls and flows the combustion air 1. The liquid fuel 2 ejected from the spray nozzle 31 and a part of the combustion air 1 are mixed and combusted in the downstream combustion chamber 13a.

  The premixing chamber 18 is connected to the downstream combustion chamber 13a, and the downstream cross section of the combustion chamber 13a is larger than the cross sectional area of the premixing chamber 18. The gas turbine combustor 7b provided with the spray nozzle of the present embodiment is configured.

  By providing a premixing chamber 18 that forms a space for mixing the combustion air 1 and the fuel 2 before combustion on the upstream side of the inner cylinder 13 of the gas turbine combustor 7, the combustion air 1 and the fuel 2 are burned after mixing. Therefore, a locally high temperature portion is not formed during the combustion due to the lean combustion. For this reason, nitrogen oxide (NOx) which is easy to produce | generate by combustion at high temperature can be reduced effectively.

  At this time, the flow passage cross-sectional area of the premixing chamber 18 is formed to be narrower than the flow passage cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber 13 a in the inner cylinder 13, and the combustion air 1 and fuel 2 in the premixing chamber 18 are formed. When the flow velocity is increased, combustion of the fuel 2 in the premixing chamber 18 can be suppressed, and mixing of the combustion air 1 and the fuel 2 can be promoted.

  By using the spray nozzle 31 of the present invention shown in any one of the first to third embodiments for the combustion apparatus shown in the present embodiment, the spray fluid 41 in the mixed fluid 43 ejected from the individual outlet holes of the spray nozzle 31 and The ratio of the atomizing medium 42 can be kept constant, so that the atomization of the atomizing fluid 41 can be promoted, the amount of atomizing medium used can be reduced, and the applied pressure can be reduced.

  Further, wear at the mixing portion of the spray fluid 41 and the spray medium 42 and coking in the flow path can be suppressed, and the use time of the spray nozzle 31 can be extended.

  Since the surface area per unit weight of the liquid fuel increases due to the atomization of the mixed fluid 43, the combustion reaction proceeds and carbon monoxide and soot, which are unburned at the outlet of the combustion apparatus equipped with the spray nozzle 31, are reduced. , Combustion efficiency can be increased.

  Further, by proceeding with the combustion reaction quickly, consumption of oxygen proceeds, generation of nitrogen oxides can be suppressed, and unburned matter, soot and carbon monoxide can be reduced. In addition, by suppressing the amount of the spray medium 42 used and reducing the pressure, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption used for each supply and pressure of the spray medium 42.

  1: combustion air, 2: fuel, 3: combustion gas, 6: compressor, 7, 7b: gas turbine combustor, 8: turbine, 9: generator, 11: outer cylinder, 12: end cover, 13: Inner cylinder, 13a: combustion chamber, 14: transition piece, 15: swirler, 16: spark plug, 17: air intake, 18: premixing chamber, 19: air inlet, 41: spray fluid, 42: for spraying Medium, 43: Mixed fluid, 44: Fan-type spray, 51: Inner cylinder part of spray nozzle, 52: Outer cylinder part of spray nozzle, 53: Spray fluid channel, 54: Spray medium channel, 55: Internal mixing Chamber, 56: spraying medium flow path, 57-60: mixed fluid flow path, 61, 62: outlet hole, 63, 64: elongated hole, 70: branching section, 71: swirl flow generator, 72: flow path reduction Part, 81-83: junction part, 122: fuel tank, 123: transfer pump, 124: transfer control Valve: 125: high pressure pump, 126: pressure regulating valve, 127: shutoff valve, 128: flow regulating valve, 129 fuel flow meter, 130: fuel distributor, 31: spray nozzle, 132: high pressure compressor, 133: pressure Flow control valve, 134: air distributor.

Claims (10)

In a spray nozzle for spraying a mixed fluid obtained by mixing a spray fluid with a spray medium,
A spray fluid flow path for supplying the spray fluid; a spray medium flow path for supplying the spray medium; and a spray nozzle tip connected to the spray fluid flow path and the spray medium flow path.
Wherein the spray nozzle tip, thereby communicating said atomizing fluid passage and the atomizing medium passage, the atomizing medium flowing down the atomizing fluid and the spray medium flow path flows down the spray fluid flow path Provide a mixing chamber to mix and make a mixed fluid,
Forming a branching portion branching into a plurality of mixed fluid flow paths branched from the mixed fluid mixed in the mixing chamber at the tip of the spray nozzle on the downstream side of the mixing chamber;
A plurality of mixed fluid passages for flowing down the mixed fluid branched at the branch portion are disposed at the tip of the spray nozzle on the downstream side of the branch portion, and the downstream sides of the plurality of mixed fluid passages are Arranged to face each other so as to form a merging part where the mixed fluid flows down and the mixed fluid merges,
An atomizing nozzle comprising an outlet hole that communicates with a merging portion formed in the mixed fluid channel and sprays the mixed fluid mixed in the merging portion from the atomizing nozzle to the outside. The spray nozzle according to claim 1.
A spray nozzle comprising a plurality of the outlet holes. The spray nozzle according to claim 1 or 2,
A spray nozzle, wherein at least one of the spray fluid flow path and the spray medium flow path flowing into the mixing chamber is provided in plural. The spray nozzle according to claim 1 or 2,
A spray nozzle characterized in that a constriction portion for narrowing a cross-sectional area of a flow path is formed at a connection portion between the mixing chamber and the branch portion formed on the downstream side of the mixing chamber. The spray nozzle according to claim 1 or 2,
The spray nozzle, wherein the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the plurality of mixed fluid flow paths branched at the branch portion is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the mixing chamber. The spray nozzle according to claim 1 or 2,
A swirling flow generator for inducing swirling flow in the mixed fluid flowing down the mixing chamber is installed between the mixing chamber and the branch portion formed on the downstream side of the mixing chamber. Spray nozzle. A combustion device equipped with a spray nozzle,
The spray nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used as a spray nozzle, liquid fuel is supplied to the spray nozzle as a spray fluid, and combustion air is supplied to the spray nozzle as a spray medium. Combustion device with a spray nozzle characterized. A combustion device equipped with a spray nozzle,
The spray nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used as a spray nozzle, liquid fuel is supplied to the spray nozzle as a spray fluid, and a part of combustion air is compressed as a spray medium to spray the spray. A combustion apparatus provided with a spray nozzle, characterized by being supplied to a nozzle. A gas turbine combustor that uses liquid fuel as a combustion device, a fuel supply system that supplies liquid fuel to the gas turbine combustor, a combustion air supply system that supplies combustion air to the gas turbine combustor, and the gas turbine A gas turbine driven by combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustor, and a compressor for supplying combustion air to the gas turbine combustor,
A combustion apparatus provided with a spray nozzle, wherein the spray nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used as the spray nozzle used in the combustion apparatus. A combustion apparatus comprising the spray nozzle according to claim 9,
A premixing chamber for introducing a part of combustion air is provided around the outlet of the spray nozzle, and the liquid fuel ejected from the spray nozzle and a part of the combustion air are mixed in the premixing chamber,
Combustion device with spray nozzle, characterized in that it is connected to a combustion chamber of a combustion device having a flow passage cross-sectional area wider than the flow passage cross-sectional area of the premixing chamber on the downstream side of the premixing chamber .

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