JP6166999B2 - Friction stir tool, friction stir welding apparatus, and friction stir welding method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is a friction stir tool for use in friction stir welding, are those related to the friction stir welding apparatus and FSW how.

  Conventionally, a bobbin tool type friction stir welding tool is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). This friction stir welding tool has an upper rotating body, a lower rotating body, and a stirring shaft that rotates between the upper rotating body and the lower rotating body. A stirring groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the stirring shaft. Is formed. The friction stir welding tool sandwiches a pair of stacked plates between an upper rotating body and a lower rotating body, and rotates the upper rotating body, the lower rotating body and the stirring shaft, thereby rotating the material of the plate in the axial direction by the stirring groove. And a pair of plates are joined.

  Further, although it is not a bobbin tool type friction stir welding tool, a friction stir welding tool having a cylindrical body in contact with the front side workpiece and a probe inserted into the front side workpiece and the back side workpiece is known ( For example, see Patent Document 2). In this friction stir welding tool, the probe is provided with a first thread portion that is a right-hand thread at the front end portion and a second thread portion that is a left-hand thread at the rear end portion. The first screw portion is disposed on the back-side workpiece, and the second screw portion is disposed on the front-side workpiece. The friction stir welding tool rotates the probe to wind up the work on the back side to the front side by the first screw part and push the work on the front side to the back side by the second screw part.

JP 2007-307579 A JP 2005-205423 A

  In the friction stir welding tool described in Patent Literature 1, the material of the plate can be caused to flow in the axial direction by the stirring groove during friction stirring. However, since stirring at the interface between the pair of stacked plates is not taken into consideration, stirring at the interface cannot be suitably performed, and bonding strength at the interface may be reduced.

  Further, in the friction stir welding tool described in Patent Document 2, heat is input to the front side workpiece by rotating the cylindrical body, but heat input is not performed to the back side workpiece, and the heat input is uneven. . As a result, the front side temperature is high and the back side temperature is low. For this reason, although the work on the back side is rolled up to the front side by the first screw part and the work on the front side is pushed down to the back side by the second screw part, the flow of the work is not uniform because the temperature distribution is non-uniform. Since the workpiece on the rear end side (front side) with higher temperature is more likely to flow than the workpiece on the front end side (rear side) with low temperature, stirring at the interface cannot be performed properly, and rolling up of the interface occurs. In some cases, the bonding strength at the interface may be reduced.

Accordingly, the present invention is a friction stir tool of the bonding at the interface between a pair of metallic material layered can be made firm, and to provide a friction stir welding apparatus and FSW how.

  The friction stir tool of the present invention is a first rotating tool disposed on one side in the stacking direction with respect to a pair of metal materials in which an interface is formed by stacking one metal material and the other metal material, A second rotating tool disposed on the other side opposite to the first rotating tool across a pair of the metal materials, and provided opposite to the first rotating tool, the first rotating tool comprising: A first tool body having a first shoulder portion in contact with one side surface of the pair of metal materials, and the second rotating tool is in contact with the other surface of the pair of metal materials. A second tool main body having a portion, protruding from the second tool main body toward the first rotating tool, provided between the second tool main body and the first tool main body, the first shoulder portion and the A pair of fronts sandwiched between the second shoulder A first stirring groove that is formed on a contact surface in contact with the metal material on one side in the stacking direction and flows the stirred metal material toward the interface. And a second agitation groove formed on the contact surface on the other side in the laminating direction and flowing the agitated metal material toward the interface, and the probe includes the first agitation groove and the first agitation groove The boundary between the two stirring grooves is formed so as to be located at the interface.

  According to this configuration, by rotating the first rotating tool and the second rotating tool, heat input (friction heat) is performed while heat is input to both sides of the pair of metal materials by the first shoulder portion and the second shoulder portion. The metal material softened by the above can be stirred by the probe. For this reason, by applying heat input from both sides of the pair of metal materials, the temperature of the metal material on the first rotating tool side and the metal material on the second rotating tool side can be made substantially the same. At this time, the metal material stirred by the first stirring groove of the rotating probe can flow toward the interface from the first shoulder side, and the metal material stirred by the second stirring groove of the rotating probe can be The second shoulder portion can be made to flow toward the interface. As a result, the metal material that flows through the first stirring groove and the second stirring groove has substantially the same fluidity and flows in a balanced manner across the interface. It can be strengthened, and bonding failures such as interfacial fracture can be suppressed.

  The first agitation groove is composed of one or more first screw grooves, and the second agitation groove is one or more second screw grooves that are opposite to the rotation direction of the first screw groove. It is preferable to be configured.

  According to this configuration, the first stirring groove can be easily formed by forming the first screw groove in the probe, and the second stirring can be easily performed by forming the second screw groove in the probe. Grooves can be configured. At this time, the flow of the metal material by stirring can be promoted by using a plurality of first and second screw grooves.

  The height of the first thread formed by the first thread groove increases from the first shoulder toward the boundary, and the height of the second thread formed by the second thread groove. Is preferably higher from the second shoulder portion toward the boundary.

  According to this configuration, it is possible to reduce the flow amount of the metal material from the first shoulder portion side toward the interface, and it is possible to reduce the flow amount of the metal material toward the interface from the second shoulder portion side. Here, if there is too much flow rate of the metal material in the central part (near the interface) of the stirring zone, the stirring zone will spread excessively in the width direction at that part. In this case, the pressure from the first and second shoulder portions is not sufficiently applied to the portion where the stirring zone is widened, and a poorly bonded portion may be formed. For this reason, by reducing the amount of flow of the metal material, it is possible to suppress the excessive spread in the width direction of the stirring zone caused by the excessive flow of the metal material to the interface. The metal material can be suitably stirred at the interface without forming a defective portion.

  The first thread groove is provided from a predetermined portion between the first shoulder part and the boundary to the boundary, and the second thread groove is provided between the second shoulder part and the boundary. It is preferable to be provided from the predetermined part to the boundary.

  According to this configuration, since the first screw groove is not formed between the first shoulder portion and the predetermined portion between the first shoulder portion and the boundary, the metal material heading from the first shoulder portion side to the interface The amount of flow can be reduced. In addition, since the second thread groove is not formed between the second shoulder portion and the predetermined portion between the second shoulder portion and the boundary, the amount of flow of the metal material from the second shoulder portion side toward the interface is reduced. Can be made. For this reason, since it is possible to suppress the excessive spread in the width direction of the stirring zone caused by the excessive flow of the metal material to the interface, the metal at the interface is formed without forming a poor bonding portion in the central portion of the stirring zone. The material can be suitably stirred.

  Moreover, it is preferable that a flat surface is formed in the first screw groove and the second screw groove. More preferably, a plurality of flat surfaces are formed. The plurality of flat surfaces are preferably arranged so as to have symmetry with respect to the rotation axis of the probe.

  According to this configuration, by forming flat surfaces in the first screw groove and the second screw groove, it is possible to reduce the amount of flow of the metal material from the first and second shoulder portions toward the interface. For this reason, since it is possible to suppress the excessive spread in the width direction of the stirring zone caused by the excessive flow of the metal material to the interface, the metal at the interface is formed without forming a poor bonding portion in the central portion of the stirring zone. The material can be suitably stirred.

  The first screw groove and the second screw groove are preferably formed to have different phases in the circumferential direction of the rotation shaft of the second rotary tool. More preferably, the first screw groove and the second screw groove are preferably formed to have different phases while maintaining symmetry of the two screw grooves.

  According to this configuration, for example, when the first screw groove and the second screw groove are configured by one screw groove, by changing the 180 ° phase, the position of the metal material is different at a position where the 180 ° phase is different. Flow can be generated and the stirrability of the metal material at the interface can be improved. In addition, what is necessary is just to make a 90 degree phase different, when a 1st thread groove and a 2nd thread groove are comprised by two thread grooves. Note that the rotation balance of the probe can be balanced by forming the first screw groove and the second screw groove so as to have different phases while maintaining symmetry with respect to the rotation axis of the probe.

  Further, a part of the first thread groove is formed on the second thread groove side beyond the boundary, and a part of the second thread groove is formed on the first thread groove side beyond the boundary. It is preferable that

  According to this configuration, the metal material can be easily flowed across the interface, so that the stirrability of the metal material at the interface can be improved.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the rotation direction of the first rotary tool is opposite to the rotation direction of the second rotary tool.

  According to this configuration, the shearing force is applied to the metal material flowing at the interface by the flow of the metal material formed by the rotation of the first shoulder portion and the flow of the metal material formed by the rotation of the second shoulder portion. Can be generated. For this reason, the stirrability of the metal material at the interface can be improved. Furthermore, it is possible to destroy an interface film such as an oxide film that inhibits bonding.

  Further, when the thickness of the other metal material in the stacking direction of the pair of metal materials is larger than the thickness of the one metal material in the stacking direction, the second rotating tool The diameter of the second shoulder portion orthogonal to the rotation axis is larger than the diameter of the first shoulder portion orthogonal to the rotation axis of the first rotation tool, and one of the pair of metal materials is When the thickness of the metal material in the stacking direction is larger than the thickness of the other metal material in the stacking direction, the diameter of the first shoulder portion orthogonal to the rotation axis of the first rotating tool Is preferably larger than the diameter of the second shoulder portion orthogonal to the rotation axis of the second rotating tool.

  According to this configuration, since the diameter of the shoulder portion contacting the thick metal material can be increased, the amount of heat input to the thick metal material can be increased, and the vicinity of the interface between the two metal materials can be increased. The temperature distribution can be aligned. For this reason, it is possible to make the fluidity of the metal material gathered in the center from the two shoulder portions in the vicinity of the interface the same, and the metal material can be made to flow while maintaining a balance across the interface.

  In the friction stir welding apparatus according to the present invention, the friction stir tool described above and the first shoulder portion of the first rotary tool of the friction stir tool pressed against one surface of the one metal material, In a state where the first pressing rotation mechanism that rotates the first rotation tool and the second shoulder portion of the second rotation tool of the friction stir tool pressed against the other surface of the other metal material, A second pressing rotation mechanism that rotates the second rotating tool, and a control unit that controls the first pressing rotation mechanism and the second pressing rotation mechanism are provided.

  According to this configuration, by using the friction stir tool, it is possible to strengthen the bonding at the interface between the pair of metal materials stacked.

  In addition, when the thickness of the other metal material in the stacking direction among the pair of metal materials is thicker than the thickness of the one metal material in the stacking direction, The rotation speed of the second rotary tool is controlled to be higher than the rotation speed of the first rotary tool, and the thickness in the stacking direction of one of the metal materials of the pair of metal materials is When the thickness of the other metal material is larger than the thickness in the stacking direction, the rotational speed of the first rotary tool can be controlled to be higher than the rotational speed of the second rotary tool. preferable.

  According to this configuration, the control unit can increase the rotation speed of the shoulder portion in contact with the thick metal material, so that the heat input to the thick metal material can be increased. The temperature distribution near the interface of the material can be aligned. For this reason, it is possible to make the fluidity of the metal material gathered in the center from the two shoulder portions in the vicinity of the interface the same, and the metal material can be made to flow while maintaining a balance across the interface.

  Another friction stir welding apparatus of the present invention is a first rotation arranged on one side in the stacking direction with respect to a pair of metal materials in which an interface is formed by stacking one metal material and the other metal material. A friction stir tool having a tool and a second rotating tool disposed on the other side opposite to the first rotating tool with the pair of metal members interposed therebetween, and provided opposite to the first rotating tool; The first rotation tool that rotates the first rotation tool in a state where the first rotation tool is pressed against one surface of the one metal material, and the second rotation tool is the other metal material. A second pressing and rotating mechanism that rotates the second rotating tool in a state of being pressed against the other side of the first rotating rotation mechanism, and a controller that controls the first pressing and rotating mechanism and the second pressing and rotating mechanism. The first rotating tool is one side of the one metal material A first tool body having a first shoulder portion in contact with a surface, and the second rotary tool has a second tool body having a second shoulder portion in contact with the other surface of the other metal material; Projecting from the second tool body toward the first rotating tool, provided between the second tool body and the first tool body, and sandwiched between the first shoulder portion and the second shoulder portion. A probe that stirs the pair of metal materials, and the probe includes a stirring groove that is formed on a contact surface in contact with the metal material and flows the stirred metal material across the interface. When the thickness of the other metal material in the stacking direction is larger than the thickness of the one metal material in the stacking direction among the pair of metal materials, the second rotating tool The rotational speed of the It is controlled so as to be faster than the rotational speed of the rotary tool, and the thickness of one metal material in the stacking direction is the thickness of the other metal material in the stacking direction among the pair of metal materials. When the thickness of the first rotating tool is larger than that of the second rotating tool, the rotational speed of the first rotating tool is controlled to be higher than that of the second rotating tool.

  According to this configuration, the control unit can increase the rotation speed of the shoulder portion in contact with the thick metal material, so that the heat input to the thick metal material can be increased. The temperature distribution near the interface of the material can be aligned. For this reason, it is possible to make the fluidity of the metal material gathered in the center from the two shoulder portions in the vicinity of the interface the same, and the metal material can be made to flow while maintaining a balance across the interface.

  The friction stir welding method of the present invention is a friction stir welding method for friction stir welding a pair of metal materials using the friction stir tool described above. By rotating the rotating tool and the second rotating tool, heat is input by friction from one surface of one of the metal materials by the rotating first shoulder portion, and the other by the rotating second shoulder portion. Heat input by friction from the other side surface of the metal material, the metal material stirred by the first stirring groove of the rotating probe is caused to flow from the first shoulder portion side toward the interface, The metal material stirred by the second stirring groove of the rotating probe is caused to flow from the second shoulder side toward the interface.

According to this configuration, by rotating the first rotating tool and the second rotating tool, the metal softened by heat input while heat is input to both sides of the pair of metal materials by the first shoulder portion and the second shoulder portion. The material can be agitated by a probe. At this time, the metal material stirred by the first stirring groove of the rotating probe can flow toward the interface from the first shoulder side, and the metal material stirred by the second stirring groove of the rotating probe can be The second shoulder portion can be made to flow toward the interface. Thereby, since the metal material that flows through the first stirring groove and the second stirring groove flows across the interface, the bonding strength at the interface can be strengthened, and bonding failure such as interface fracture can be suppressed. I can .

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating the friction stir welding apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example of the shape of the first shoulder portion. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an example of the shape of the first shoulder portion. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an example of the shape of the first shoulder portion. FIG. 5A is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the second embodiment. FIG. 5B is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating the friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the first modification of the second embodiment. FIG. 5C is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating the friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the second modification of the second embodiment. FIG. 6A is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the third embodiment. FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of an example in which the probe of the friction stir tool is cut along a plane orthogonal to the axial direction. FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view of an example in which the probe of the friction stir tool is cut along a plane orthogonal to the axial direction. FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to Comparative Example 1. FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to Comparative Example 2. FIG. 11 is a table comparing the strength at the interface of the bonding material. FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the sixth embodiment. FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the seventh embodiment. FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the eighth embodiment. FIG. 15 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the ninth embodiment.

  Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. In addition, constituent elements in the following embodiments include those that can be easily replaced by those skilled in the art or those that are substantially the same.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating the friction stir welding apparatus according to the first embodiment. 2 to 4 are plan views showing an example of the shape of the first shoulder portion.

  The friction stir welding apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment is configured to frictionally stir using a pair of rotating tools 21 and 22 arranged on the front and back of the pair of metal plates 5 so that the pair of metal plates 5 are overlapped. It is an apparatus that performs so-called friction stir welding (FSW). First, with reference to FIG.1 and FIG.4, a pair of metal plate 5 used as joining object is demonstrated.

  The metal plate 5 is configured using, for example, an aluminum alloy. As shown in FIG. 1, the pair of metal plates 5 are overlapped in the stacking direction, so that an interface 6 serving as an overlapping surface of the pair of metal plates 5 is formed. The pair of metal plates 5 has substantially the same thickness as one metal plate 5 and the other metal plate 5. In addition, a pair of metal plate 5 joined by friction stir welding is handled as a joining material.

  Next, the friction stir welding apparatus 1 will be described with reference to FIG. A friction stir welding apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 performs friction stir welding from both sides in the stacking direction of a pair of metal plates 5. The friction stir welding apparatus 1 includes a friction stir tool 10, a first press rotation mechanism 11, a second press rotation mechanism 12, and a control unit 20. In addition, the friction stir welding apparatus 1 may perform the friction stir welding while moving the friction stir tool 10 in a state where the positions of the pair of metal plates 5 are fixed, or the position of the friction stir tool 10 may be fixed. In the state, the friction stir welding may be performed while moving the pair of metal plates 5.

  The friction stir tool 10 is a so-called bobbin tool, and includes a first rotating tool 21 and a second rotating tool 22. The first rotating tool 21 is disposed on one side (surface side: upper side in FIG. 1) in the stacking direction with the pair of metal plates 5 interposed therebetween. The first rotating tool 21 rotates about the first rotation axis I1 and is pressed against the surface of the metal plate 5 on one side. The second rotating tool 22 is disposed on the other side (back side: the lower side in FIG. 1) in the stacking direction with the pair of metal plates 5 interposed therebetween. The second rotating tool 22 rotates about the second rotation axis I2 and is pressed against the back surface of the metal plate 5 on the other side. And the 1st rotation tool 21 and the 2nd rotation tool 22 are arrange | positioned so that it may oppose in the lamination direction, and the rotation direction of the 1st rotation tool 21 and the 2nd rotation tool 22 is mutually reverse direction. . Further, the first rotation axis I1 of the first rotation tool 21 and the second rotation axis I2 of the second rotation tool 22 are coaxial. For this reason, the first rotation axis I1 and the second rotation axis I2 are orthogonal to the front surface of one metal plate 5 and the back surface of the other metal plate 5, respectively.

  In the first embodiment, the rotation directions of the first rotary tool 21 and the second rotary tool 22 are opposite to each other. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. As long as the first rotating tool 21 and the second rotating tool 22 are suitable for friction stir welding, they may be in the same rotational direction or at any rotational speed.

  The first rotary tool 21 has a first tool body 31. The first tool body 31 is provided so as to be in contact with the surface of one metal plate 5. The first tool main body 31 is formed with a shaft insertion hole 33 through which a shaft 43 described later of the second rotary tool 22 is inserted. The shaft insertion hole 33 is formed coaxially with the first rotation axis I1 and has a hollow cylindrical shape. Further, the first tool body 31 has a first shoulder portion 35 formed on the distal end side which is the second rotating tool 22 side. The front surface of the first shoulder portion 35 is an annular first shoulder surface 35 a in contact with the surface of the metal plate 5 on one side. The first rotating tool 21 rotates the first shoulder surface 35a of the first shoulder portion 35 in contact with the surface of the one metal plate 5, thereby applying heat to the one metal plate 5 by friction. .

  Here, the 1st shoulder part 35 becomes a shape shown in FIGS. 2-4, In Example 1, any shape may be sufficient. The first shoulder portion 35 has a groove-shaped recess 36 formed on the first tool body 31 side from the first shoulder surface 35a. The recess 36 is shaped such that the metal material softened by rubbing the first shoulder 35 and the one metal plate 5 is directed toward the center of the first shoulder 35.

  Specifically, the concave portion 36 shown in FIG. 2 is composed of one piece, and the single concave portion 36 is arranged in a spiral shape (scroll shape) from the outside toward the inside on the first shoulder surface 35a. . The recessed part 36 shown in FIG. 3 is comprised by two, and the two recessed parts 36 are provided in the position where a 180 degree phase differs in the 1st shoulder surface 35a, and are arrange | positioned at the spiral shape which goes inside from the outer side. ing. The recessed part 36 shown in FIG. 4 is comprised with multiple pieces, and while the several recessed part 36 is provided in the circumferential direction of the 1st shoulder surface 35a at predetermined intervals, it is linear from the outer side to the inner side. Is arranged.

  Referring again to FIG. 1, the second rotary tool 22 includes a second tool body 41, a probe 42, and a shaft 43. The second tool body 41 is provided so as to be in contact with the back surface of the other metal plate 5. The second tool body 41 has a second shoulder portion 45 formed on the distal end side that is the first rotating tool 21 side. The second shoulder portion 45 is configured in the same manner as the first shoulder portion 35, and the front end surface thereof is an annular second shoulder surface 45 a in contact with the back surface of the other metal plate 5. The second rotating tool 22 rotates the second shoulder surface 45a of the second shoulder portion 45 in contact with the back surface of the other metal plate 5, thereby applying heat to the other metal plate 5 by friction. .

  The second shoulder portion 45 is provided with a concave portion 36 similar to that of the first shoulder portion 35, and the concave portion 36 is the same as the first shoulder portion 35, and thus description thereof is omitted.

  For this reason, the pair of metal plates 5 is sandwiched between the first shoulder portion 35 and the second shoulder portion 45, and in this state, the first rotating tool 21 and the second rotating tool 22 rotate, Heat is applied from both the front and back sides of the metal plate 5.

  The probe 42 is provided so as to protrude from the center of the second shoulder surface 45a of the second tool body 41 toward the first rotating tool 21 side. The probe 42 is provided coaxially with the second rotation axis I2 and is formed in a cylindrical shape. Since the probe 42 is provided between the first shoulder portion 35 of the first tool body 31 and the second shoulder portion 45 of the second tool body 41, the probe 42 is connected to the first shoulder portion 35 and the second shoulder portion 45. It will be located inside a pair of metal plates 5 sandwiched between them. The probe 42 is fixed to the second tool main body 41 so as to rotate integrally with the second tool main body 41. A stirring groove 44 for stirring the softened metal material is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the probe 42.

  The shaft 43 extends from the first shoulder portion 35 side of the probe 42 to the first rotating tool 21 side. The shaft 43 is inserted into the shaft insertion hole 33 of the first rotary tool 21. The shaft 43 is provided coaxially with the second rotation axis I2 and is formed in a cylindrical shape.

  Here, with reference to FIG. 1, the stirring groove 44 formed in the outer peripheral surface of the probe 42 is demonstrated. The stirring groove 44 includes a first screw groove 51 formed on one side (front side) in the stacking direction and a second screw groove 52 formed on the other side (back side) in the stacking direction.

  The first screw groove 51 is a groove that allows the stirred metal material to flow from the first shoulder portion 35 side toward the interface 6. The first screw groove 51 may be constituted by one screw groove or may be constituted by a plurality of screw grooves. The first thread 54 formed by the first screw groove 51 has the same height in the protruding direction (outside in the radial direction) along the second rotation axis I2.

  The second screw groove 52 is a groove for allowing the stirred metal material to flow from the second shoulder portion 45 side toward the interface 6, and is in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the first screw groove 51. Similarly to the first screw groove 51, the second screw groove 52 may be constituted by a single screw groove, or may be constituted by a plurality of screw grooves. The second screw thread 55 formed by the second screw groove 52 has the same height in the protruding direction (outside in the radial direction) along the second rotation axis I2.

  Here, in the axial direction of the second rotation axis I2, the probe 42 is positioned so that the boundary 53 between the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 is substantially at the same position as the interface 6 between the pair of metal plates 5. Is formed. For this reason, the rotating probe 42 causes the metal material stirred by the first screw groove 51 to flow from one metal plate 5 side to the other metal plate 5 side across the interface 6. Further, the rotating probe 42 causes the metal material stirred by the second screw groove 52 to flow from the other metal plate 5 side to the one metal plate 5 side across the interface 6.

  Further, the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 are formed to have the same phase in the circumferential direction of the second rotation shaft I2 of the second rotary tool 22. In the first embodiment, the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 have the same phase in the circumferential direction of the second rotation shaft I2, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration. For example, when the 1st screw groove 51 and the 2nd screw groove 52 are comprised by one screw groove, you may form in the position from which a 180 degree phase differs. For example, when the 1st screw groove 51 and the 2nd screw groove 52 are constituted by two screw grooves, you may form in the position where 90 degrees phases differ. At this time, the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 are preferably formed to have different phases while maintaining the symmetry of the two screw grooves.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 1, the 1st press rotation mechanism 11 and the 2nd press rotation mechanism 12 are demonstrated. The first press rotation mechanism 11 is connected to the first tool body 31 of the first rotation tool 21 and is controlled by the control unit 20. The first pressing and rotating mechanism 11 moves the first tool body 31 of the first rotating tool 21 toward the one metal plate 5 and rotates the first rotating tool 21. For this reason, the first pressing and rotating mechanism 11 holds the first rotating tool 21 in a state where the first shoulder surface 35a of the first shoulder portion 35 of the first rotating tool 21 is pressed against the surface of the one metal plate 5. Rotate.

  The second pressing and rotating mechanism 12 is connected to the shaft 43 of the second rotating tool 22 and is controlled by the control unit 20. The second pressing and rotating mechanism 12 moves the second tool body 41 of the second rotating tool 22 toward the other metal plate 5 and rotates the second rotating tool 22. For this reason, the second pressing rotation mechanism 12 pushes the second rotating tool 22 in a state where the second shoulder surface 45a of the second shoulder portion 45 of the second rotating tool 22 is pressed against the back surface of the other metal plate 5. Rotate.

  The control unit 20 is connected to the first press rotation mechanism 11 and the second press rotation mechanism 12 and controls each of them. Specifically, the control unit 20 controls the first pressing and rotating mechanism 11 and the second pressing and rotating mechanism 12, and controls the pair of metal plates 5 sandwiched between the first rotating tool 21 and the second rotating tool 22. The first rotary tool 21 and the second rotary tool 22 are moved toward the pair of metal plates 5 so that the load becomes a predetermined load. Further, the control unit 20 controls the first press rotation mechanism 11 and the second press rotation mechanism 12 so that the rotation directions of the first rotation tool 21 and the second rotation tool 22 are opposite to each other. The first rotation tool 21 and the second rotation tool 22 are controlled to rotate so as to have a predetermined rotation speed.

  Next, a friction stir welding method using the friction stir welding apparatus 1 will be described with reference to FIG. When performing friction stir welding, the control unit 20 controls the first press rotation mechanism 11 and the second press rotation mechanism 12 to sandwich the pair of metal plates 5 between the first rotation tool 21 and the second rotation tool 22. The first rotating tool 21 and the second rotating tool 22 are rotated. Thereafter, the control unit 20 controls the first press rotation mechanism 11 and the second press so that the load applied from the first rotary tool 21 and the second rotary tool 22 to the pair of metal plates 5 becomes a predetermined load. The rotation mechanism 12 is controlled. And the control part 20 moves a pair of metal material 5 or the 1st rotation tool 21 and the 2nd rotation tool 22 from a joining start point to a joining end point, and performs friction stir welding. Thereby, the pair of metal materials 5 subjected to the friction stir welding using the friction stir welding apparatus 1 described above can be a bonding material joined at the interface 6.

  As described above, according to the configuration of the first embodiment, by rotating the first rotating tool 21 and the second rotating tool 22, the first shoulder portion 35 and the second shoulder portion 45 can rotate the pair of metal plates 5. The metal material softened by heat input (friction heat) can be stirred by the probe 42 while heat is input to both sides. At this time, the metal material stirred by the first screw groove 51 of the rotating probe 42 can be made to flow from the first shoulder portion 35 side toward the interface 6, and the second screw groove 52 of the rotating probe 42. Thus, the metal material agitated can be made to flow toward the interface 6 from the second shoulder portion 45 side. As a result, the metal material flowing through the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 flows across the interface 6, so that the bonding strength at the interface 6 can be strengthened, resulting in poor bonding such as interface fracture. Can be suppressed.

  Further, according to the configuration of the first embodiment, the first screw groove 51 is formed on one side of the probe 42 and the second screw groove 52 is formed on the other side of the probe 42, so that the stirring groove 44 can be easily configured. can do. In addition, the flow of the metal material by stirring can be accelerated | stimulated by using the 1st screw groove 51 and the 2nd screw groove 52 in multiple numbers.

  As described above, in the case where the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 are configured by one screw groove, by changing the 180 ° phase, the metal material is provided at a position where the 180 ° phase is different. Therefore, the stirrability of the metal material at the interface 6 can be improved. In addition, when the 1st thread groove 51 and the 2nd thread groove 52 are comprised by two thread grooves, if 90 phase is different, the stirring property of the metal material in the interface 6 will be improved similarly to the above. be able to. At this time, the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 are formed so as to have different phases while maintaining symmetry with respect to the second rotation axis I2 of the probe 42. Can be taken.

  In addition, according to the configuration of the first embodiment, the rotation direction of the first rotation tool 21 can be opposite to the rotation direction of the second rotation tool 22. For this reason, shear force is applied to the metal material flowing at the interface 6 by the flow of the metal material formed by the rotation of the first shoulder portion 35 and the flow of the metal material formed by the rotation of the second shoulder portion 45. Can be generated. For this reason, the stirrability of the metal material at the interface 6 can be improved. Furthermore, the film of the interface 6 such as an oxide film that inhibits bonding can be destroyed.

  Next, the friction stir welding apparatus 100 according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 5A. FIG. 5A is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, parts that are different from the first embodiment will be described in order to avoid duplicated descriptions, and parts that have the same configuration as the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals. In the friction stir welding apparatus 100 according to the second embodiment, the shape of the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 formed in the probe 42 of the friction stir tool 10 is different from the shape of the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the friction stir welding apparatus 100 according to the second embodiment will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 5A, in the friction stir welding apparatus 100 according to the second embodiment, the probe 42 of the second rotary tool 22 of the friction stir tool 10 includes the first thread 54 and the second thread groove of the first thread groove 51. A second thread 55 of 52 is raised towards the boundary 53. That is, the height of the first thread 54 in the protruding direction (the direction protruding outward in the radial direction) increases along the axial direction of the second rotation axis I2 from the first shoulder portion 35 toward the boundary 53. Tapered shape. In addition, the height of the second thread 55 in the protruding direction is a tapered shape that increases from the second shoulder portion 45 toward the boundary 53.

  Specifically, the first thread 54 that has a tapered shape is tapered with respect to the shape shown in the first embodiment, that is, the first thread 54 that has the same height along the axial direction of the second rotation axis I2. The shape shown in Example 2 is obtained by cutting out the top of the first thread 54. The second thread 55 is processed in the same manner as the first thread 54.

  As described above, according to the configuration of the second embodiment, the first thread 54 on the first shoulder portion 35 side can be reduced and the first thread 54 on the boundary 53 side can be increased. For this reason, the first thread groove 51 formed in the rotating probe 42 can reduce the flow amount of the metal material from the first shoulder portion 35 side toward the interface 6. Moreover, the 2nd thread 55 by the side of the 2nd shoulder part 45 can be made low, and the 2nd thread 55 by the side of the boundary 53 can be made high. For this reason, the second screw groove 52 formed in the rotating probe 42 can reduce the flow amount of the metal material from the second shoulder portion 45 side toward the interface 6. For this reason, since the excessive expansion of the width direction of the stirring zone which generate | occur | produces by the excessive flow of the metal material to the interface 6 can be suppressed, a metal material does not form a joint failure part in the interface 6, but a metal material. Can be suitably stirred.

  In the second embodiment, the first thread 54 that has the same height along the axial direction of the second rotation axis I2 is taper processed by cutting out the top of the first thread 54 to obtain a taper shape. The first thread 54 is formed. However, the first thread 54 and the second thread 55 are not limited to the taper process, and the first thread 54 and the second thread 55 are formed toward the boundary 53 when the first thread groove 51 and the second thread groove 52 are processed. The second thread 55 may be formed to be higher, and for example, the configuration of the first modification shown in FIG. 5B or the second modification shown in FIG. 5C may be adopted. In the first modification, the diameter of the probe 42 before processing of the second rotary tool 22 has a tapered shape that increases toward the boundary 53, and has the same height as the tapered probe 42 before processing. By forming the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 so as to become the screw threads 53, 54, the first screw thread 54 and the second screw thread 55 are formed so as to become higher toward the boundary 53. Yes. In the second modification, the diameter of the probe 42 before processing of the second rotary tool 22 is a columnar shape having the same diameter in the axial direction, and at the boundary 53 with respect to the columnar probe 42 before processing. By forming the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 so that the groove becomes deeper toward the groove, the first screw thread 54 and the second screw thread 55 are formed so as to become higher toward the boundary 53. .

  Next, the friction stir welding apparatus 110 according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6C. FIG. 6A is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the third embodiment. FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of an example in which the probe of the friction stir tool is cut along a plane orthogonal to the axial direction. FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view of an example in which the probe of the friction stir tool is cut along a plane orthogonal to the axial direction. In the third embodiment as well, parts that are different from the first and second embodiments will be described in order to avoid redundant descriptions, and the same reference numerals will be given to parts that have the same configuration as the first and second embodiments. The friction stir welding apparatus 110 according to the third embodiment is configured such that a flat surface is formed with respect to the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 of the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the friction stir welding apparatus 110 according to the third embodiment will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 6A, in the friction stir welding apparatus 110 according to the third embodiment, the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 formed in the probe 42 of the second rotating tool 22 of the friction stir tool 10 include A flat surface 111 is formed. The flat surface 111 is a surface cut in a tangential direction along the axial direction of the second rotation axis I2. One flat surface 111 may be formed in the circumferential direction of the probe 42, or a plurality of flat surfaces 111 may be formed at a predetermined interval.

  The flat surface 111 is formed by flattening the first screw thread 54 and the second screw thread 55 having the same height along the axial direction of the second rotation axis I2 as shown in the first embodiment. By cutting out the tops of the first thread 54 and the second thread 55, the shape shown in the third embodiment is obtained.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 6B, two flat surfaces 111 may be formed in the circumferential direction. The two flat surfaces 111 are disposed so as to have symmetry with respect to the second rotation axis I2 of the probe 42. That is, the two flat surfaces 111 are positioned at different phases by 180 ° around the second rotation axis I2 of the probe 42. Further, as shown in FIG. 6C, four flat surfaces 111 may be formed in the circumferential direction. The four flat surfaces 111 are arranged so as to have symmetry with respect to the second rotation axis I2 of the probe 42. That is, the four flat surfaces 111 are at positions that are 90 ° out of phase with the second rotation axis I2 of the probe 42 as the center.

  As described above, according to the configuration of the third embodiment, by forming the flat surface 111 in the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52, the stirring region generated by the excessive flow of the metal material at the interface 6 can be obtained. Since the excessive spread in the width direction can be suppressed, the metal material can be suitably agitated at the interface 6 without forming a poorly bonded portion.

  In the third embodiment, the plurality of flat surfaces 111 can be arranged so as to be symmetric with respect to the second rotation axis I2 of the probe 42, so that the rotation balance of the probe 42 can be achieved.

  Next, the friction stir welding apparatus 120 according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the fourth embodiment. In the fourth embodiment, portions that are different from the first to third embodiments will be described in order to avoid redundant descriptions, and the same reference numerals are given to the portions that have the same configuration as the first to third embodiments. The friction stir welding apparatus 120 according to the fourth embodiment has a configuration in which the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 of the first embodiment are provided only around the boundary 53. Hereinafter, the friction stir welding apparatus 120 according to the fourth embodiment will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 7, in the friction stir welding apparatus 120 according to the fourth embodiment, the first thread groove 51 formed in the probe 42 of the second rotary tool 22 of the friction stir tool 10 is an axis of the second rotary shaft I2. In the direction, a predetermined portion between the first shoulder portion 35 and the boundary 53 is provided to the boundary 53. For this reason, the probe 42 is a smooth outer peripheral surface 121 in which the first thread groove 51 is not formed between the first shoulder portion 35 and a predetermined portion between the first shoulder portion 35 and the boundary 53. The second thread groove 52 is provided from a predetermined portion between the second shoulder portion 45 and the boundary 53 to the boundary 53 in the axial direction of the second rotation axis I2. For this reason, the probe 42 is a smooth outer peripheral surface 122 in which the second thread groove 52 is not formed between the second shoulder portion 45 and a predetermined portion between the second shoulder portion 45 and the boundary 53.

  From the above, the probe 42 has the outer peripheral surface 121 from the first shoulder portion 35 to the predetermined portion, the first screw groove 51 from the predetermined portion to the boundary 53, and the second shoulder portion 45 to the predetermined portion. The outer peripheral surface 122 between the first portion and the second screw groove 52 between the predetermined portion and the boundary 53 is formed.

  As described above, according to the configuration of the fourth embodiment, since the first screw groove 51 is not formed between the first shoulder portion 35 and the predetermined portion, the metal heading from the first shoulder portion 35 side to the interface 6 is provided. The amount of flow of the material can be reduced. Further, since the second screw groove 52 is not formed between the second shoulder portion 45 and a predetermined portion, the amount of flow of the metal material from the second shoulder portion 45 side toward the interface 6 can be reduced. For this reason, since the excessive expansion of the width direction of the stirring zone which generate | occur | produces by the excessive flow of the metal material to the interface 6 can be suppressed, a metal material does not form a joint failure part in the interface 6, but a metal material. Can be suitably stirred.

  Next, the friction stir welding apparatus 130 according to the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the fifth embodiment. In the fifth embodiment, portions different from those in the first to fourth embodiments will be described in order to avoid redundant description, and portions having the same configurations as those in the first to fourth embodiments will be denoted by the same reference numerals. The friction stir welding apparatus 130 according to the fifth embodiment is configured such that a part of the first screw groove 51 and a part of the second screw groove 52 of the first embodiment are formed beyond the boundary 53. Hereinafter, the friction stir welding apparatus 130 according to the fifth embodiment will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 8, in the friction stir welding apparatus 130 according to the fifth embodiment, the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 formed in the probe 42 of the second rotating tool 22 of the friction stir tool 10 are separated from each other. In the circumferential direction of the probe 42 at 53, they are overlapped (overlapped). Specifically, in the axial direction of the second rotation axis I2, a part of the first thread groove 51 is formed on the second thread groove 52 side beyond the boundary 53, while the other part of the first thread groove 51 A part is formed closer to the first shoulder portion 35 than the boundary 53 in order to allow the second screw groove 52 formed beyond the boundary 53. Further, in the axial direction of the second rotation axis I2, a part of the second screw groove 52 is formed on the first screw groove 51 side beyond the boundary 53, while the other part of the second screw groove 52 is formed. Is formed on the second shoulder portion 45 side of the boundary 53 so as to allow the first screw groove 51 formed beyond the boundary 53.

  According to the configuration of the fifth embodiment, the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 can be overlapped (overlapped) in the circumferential direction of the probe 42 at the boundary 53. The two screw grooves 52 can easily flow the metal material across the interface 6, and can improve the stirring property of the metal material at the interface 6.

Comparative example

  Here, with reference to FIG. 9 to FIG. 11, a comparison between the strength of the interface 6 in Examples 1 to 3 and the strength of the interface in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 described below will be described. FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to Comparative Example 1. FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to Comparative Example 2. FIG. 11 is a table comparing the strength at the interface of the bonding material. In Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 as well, parts different from Examples 1 to 5 will be described in order to avoid duplicate descriptions, and parts having the same configurations as those of Examples 1 to 5 will be denoted by the same reference numerals. .

  As shown in FIG. 9, in the friction stir tool 10 of the friction stir welding apparatus 140 of Comparative Example 1, an annular ring groove formed along the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the probe 42 of the second rotary tool 22. Are formed at a predetermined pitch in the axial direction of the second rotation axis I2.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 10, in the friction stir tool 10 of the friction stir welding apparatus 150 of the comparative example 2, the first screw groove 51 of the first embodiment and the first screw groove 51 of the second rotation tool 22 are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the probe 42. Two screw grooves 52 are provided outside the periphery of the boundary 53. That is, Comparative Example 2 has a configuration opposite to that of Example 4, and the probe 42 includes a first screw groove 51 between the first shoulder portion 35 and a predetermined portion, and a second shoulder portion 45. The second screw groove 52 between the predetermined portion and the smooth outer peripheral surface 151 from the predetermined portion on the first shoulder portion 35 side to the predetermined portion on the second shoulder portion 45 side with the boundary 53 interposed therebetween. It is formed.

  Here, as shown in the table of FIG. 11, the strength of the interface 6 between the pair of metal plates 5, which is a joining material subjected to friction stir welding, is obtained when one metal plate 5 and the other metal plate 5 are pulled. It is evaluated by tensile strength. The tensile strength of Example 1 is Ns1, the tensile strength of Example 2 is Ns2, and the tensile strength of Example 3 is Ns3. Moreover, the tensile strength of the comparative example 1 is set to Nw1, and the tensile strength of the comparative example 2 is set to Nw2.

  At this time, it was confirmed that the tensile strength Nw1 of Comparative Example 1 was the weakest, and the tensile strength Nw2 of Comparative Example 2 was greater than the tensile strength Nw1 of Comparative Example 1. However, in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it was confirmed that the fracture occurred when the one metal plate 5 and the other metal plate 5 were pulled at the interface 6.

  On the other hand, it was confirmed that the tensile strength Ns1 of Example 1 was larger than the tensile strength Nw2 of Comparative Example 2. Further, it was confirmed that the tensile strength Ns2 of Example 2 was the strongest and was larger than the tensile strength Ns3 of Example 3. It was confirmed that the tensile strength Ns3 of Example 3 was larger than the tensile strength Ns1 of Example 1. In Examples 1 to 3, it was confirmed that the breakage occurred when one metal plate 5 and the other metal plate 5 were pulled apart from other than the interface 6.

  From the above, the tensile strength is, in order from the strongest, the tensile strength Ns2, the tensile strength Ns3, the tensile strength Ns1, the tensile strength Nw2, and the tensile strength Nw1.

  Next, the friction stir welding apparatus 200 according to the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the sixth embodiment. In the sixth embodiment, portions different from the first to fifth embodiments will be described in order to avoid redundant description, and portions having the same configuration as those of the first to fifth embodiments will be denoted by the same reference numerals. In the friction stir welding apparatus 200 according to the sixth embodiment, the pair of metal plates 5 have different thicknesses. Hereinafter, the friction stir welding apparatus 200 according to the sixth embodiment will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 12, in the pair of metal plates 5, one (upper in FIG. 12) metal plate 5 is thin in the stacking direction, and the other (lower in FIG. 12) metal plate 5 is thick in the stacking direction. . At this time, in the friction stir welding apparatus 200 according to the sixth embodiment, the boundary 53 of the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 formed in the probe 42 of the second rotating tool 22 of the friction stir tool 10 is A probe 42 is formed so as to be substantially at the same position as the interface 6 of the pair of metal plates 5. For this reason, in the axial direction of the 2nd rotating shaft I2, the length of the 1st thread groove 51 is short, and the length of the 2nd thread groove 52 is long.

  According to the configuration of the sixth embodiment, the metal material stirred by the first screw groove 51 of the rotating probe 42 can be flowed from the first shoulder portion 35 side toward the interface 6, and the rotating probe 42 can be rotated. The metal material stirred by the second screw groove 52 can be made to flow toward the interface 6 from the second shoulder portion 45 side. Thereby, even if the thickness of the pair of metal plates 5 is different, the metal material flowing through the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 flows across the interface 6, so that the bonding at the interface 6 is performed. Strength can be strengthened and joint failure such as interface fracture can be suppressed.

  Next, the friction stir welding apparatus 210 according to the seventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the seventh embodiment. In Example 7, parts different from those in Examples 1 to 6 will be described in order to avoid redundant description, and parts having the same configurations as those in Examples 1 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals. In the friction stir welding apparatus 210 according to the seventh embodiment, the pair of metal plates 5 have different thicknesses, and the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 formed in the probe 42 of the friction stir tool 10. Is different from the shape of the sixth embodiment. Hereinafter, the friction stir welding apparatus 210 according to the seventh embodiment will be described. As in the sixth embodiment, in the pair of metal plates 5, one (upper in FIG. 13) metal plate 5 is thin in the stacking direction, and the other (lower in FIG. 13) metal plate 5 is thick in the stacking direction. ing.

  As shown in FIG. 13, in the friction stir welding apparatus 210 according to the seventh embodiment, the first thread groove 51 formed in the probe 42 of the second rotary tool 22 of the friction stir tool 10 is an axis of the second rotary shaft I2. In the direction from the first shoulder portion 35 to the boundary 53. The second thread groove 52 is provided from a predetermined portion between the second shoulder portion 45 and the boundary 53 to the boundary 53 in the axial direction of the second rotation axis I2. At this time, the lengths of the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 in the axial direction of the second rotating shaft I2 are the same. For this reason, the probe 42 has a smooth outer peripheral surface 211 in which the second thread groove 52 is not formed between the second shoulder portion 45 and a predetermined portion between the second shoulder portion 45 and the boundary 53.

  From the above, the probe 42 includes the first screw groove 51 between the first shoulder portion 35 and the boundary 53, the outer peripheral surface 211 between the second shoulder portion 45 and the predetermined portion, and the boundary from the predetermined portion. The second thread groove 52 up to 53 is formed.

  As described above, according to the configuration of the seventh embodiment, since the second screw groove 52 is not formed between the second shoulder portion 45 and the predetermined portion, the metal from the second shoulder portion 45 side toward the interface 53 is formed. The amount of flow of the material can be reduced. For this reason, since the excessive expansion of the width direction of the stirring zone which generate | occur | produces by the excessive flow of the metal material to the interface 6 can be suppressed, a metal material does not form a joint failure part in the interface 6, but a metal material. Can be suitably stirred.

  Next, the friction stir welding apparatus 220 according to the eighth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the eighth embodiment. In Example 8, parts that are different from Examples 1 to 7 will be described in order to avoid duplicated descriptions, and parts having the same configurations as those of Examples 1 to 7 are denoted by the same reference numerals. In the friction stir welding apparatus 220 according to the eighth embodiment, the thickness of the pair of metal plates 5 is different, and the rotation speed of the first rotation tool 21 and the rotation speed of the second rotation tool 22 are different. . Hereinafter, the friction stir welding apparatus 220 according to the eighth embodiment will be described. As in Examples 6 and 7, in the pair of metal plates 5, one (upper in FIG. 14) metal plate 5 is thin in the stacking direction, and the other (lower in FIG. 14) metal plate 5 is in the stacking direction. It is thick.

  As shown in FIG. 14, in the friction stir welding apparatus 220 according to the eighth embodiment, the first screw groove 51 and the second screw groove 52 formed in the probe 42 of the second rotating tool 22 of the friction stir tool 10 are implemented. The configuration is the same as in Example 6. For this reason, the description of the friction stir tool 10 is omitted.

  The control unit 20 increases the rotation speed of the rotary tool in contact with the thick metal plate 5 and decreases the rotation speed of the rotary tool in contact with the thin metal plate 5. That is, in FIG. 14, the control unit 20 decreases the rotation speed of the first rotation tool 21 and increases the rotation speed of the second rotation tool 22.

  As described above, according to the configuration of the eighth embodiment, the control unit 20 can increase the rotation speed of the shoulder portions 35 and 45 in contact with the thick metal plate 5, and thus the thick metal plate. While the amount of heat input to 5 can be increased, the amount of heat input to the thin metal plate 5 can be reduced. For this reason, since the temperature distribution in the vicinity of the interface 6 between the two metal plates 5 can be made uniform, the fluidity of the metal material gathered in the center from the two shoulder portions 35 and 45 in the vicinity of the interface 6 can be made the same state. Even when the thicknesses of the pair of metal plates 5 are different, the metal material can be flowed across the interface 6 while maintaining a balance. The configuration of the eighth embodiment may be applied to the friction stir tool 10 of the seventh embodiment.

  In addition, the stirring groove 44 of the probe 42 of Example 8 is not limited to Example 6 and Example 7, and may be any as long as the stirring groove 44 allows the metal material to flow across the interface 6.

  Next, the friction stir welding apparatus 230 according to the ninth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 15 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically illustrating a friction stir tool of the friction stir welding apparatus according to the ninth embodiment. In the ninth embodiment as well, parts different from the first to eighth embodiments will be described in order to avoid redundant description, and parts having the same configurations as those of the first to eighth embodiments will be denoted by the same reference numerals. In the friction stir welding apparatus 230 according to the ninth embodiment, the thickness of the pair of metal plates 5 is different, and the diameter of the first shoulder portion 35 and the diameter of the second shoulder portion 45 are different. Hereinafter, the friction stir welding apparatus 230 according to the ninth embodiment will be described. As in Examples 6 to 8, the pair of metal plates 5 is such that one (upper in FIG. 15) is thin in the stacking direction and the other (lower in FIG. 15) is in the stacking direction. It is thick.

  As shown in FIG. 15, in the friction stir welding apparatus 230 according to the ninth embodiment, the diameter R2 of the second shoulder portion 45 of the second rotary tool 22 of the friction stir tool 10 is equal to the first shoulder portion of the first rotary tool 21. It is larger than the diameter R1 of 35. That is, the diameters of the shoulder portions 35 and 45 of the rotary tools 21 and 22 that contact the thick metal plate 5 are increased, and the diameters of the shoulder portions 35 and 45 of the rotary tools 21 and 22 that contact the thin metal plate 5. Make it smaller.

  As described above, according to the configuration of the ninth embodiment, since the diameter of the shoulder portions 35 and 45 in contact with the thick metal plate 5 can be increased, the heat input to the thick metal plate 5 is increased. On the other hand, the amount of heat input to the thin metal plate 5 can be reduced. For this reason, since the temperature distribution in the vicinity of the interface 6 between the two metal plates 5 can be made uniform, the fluidity of the metal material gathered in the center from the two shoulder portions 35 and 45 in the vicinity of the interface 6 can be made the same state. Even when the thicknesses of the pair of metal plates 5 are different, the metal material can be flowed across the interface 6 while maintaining a balance. In addition, the stirring groove 44 of the probe 42 of Example 9 may have any shape of Example 6 and Example 7. Moreover, the stirring groove 44 of the probe 42 of Example 9 is not limited to Example 6 and Example 7, and may be any as long as the stirring groove 44 allows the metal material to flow across the interface 6.

  Note that the configuration of the eighth embodiment may be combined with the configuration of the ninth embodiment. That is, the diameters of the shoulder portions 35 and 45 of the rotary tools 21 and 22 in contact with the thick metal plate 5 are increased, and the diameters of the shoulder portions 35 and 45 of the rotary tools 21 and 22 in contact with the thin metal plate 5. The rotational speed of the rotary tools 21 and 22 in contact with the thick metal plate 5 is increased, and the rotational speed of the rotary tools 21 and 22 in contact with the thin metal plate 5 is decreased. Also good.

  Further, the friction stir welding apparatuses 1, 100, 110, 120, 130, 200, 210, 220, and 230 of the first to ninth embodiments may be appropriately combined.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Friction stir welding apparatus 5 Metal plate 6 Interface 10 Friction stirring tool 11 1st press rotation mechanism 12 2nd press rotation mechanism 20 Control part 21 1st rotation tool 22 2nd rotation tool 31 1st tool main body 33 Shaft penetration hole 35 1st 1 shoulder portion 41 second tool main body 42 probe 43 shaft 44 stirring groove 45 second shoulder portion 51 first thread groove 52 second thread groove 53 boundary 54 first thread 55 second thread 100 friction stir welding apparatus (Example) 2)
110 Friction stir welding apparatus (Example 3)
120 Friction stir welding apparatus (Example 4)
130 Friction stir welding apparatus (Example 5)
140 Friction stir welding apparatus (Comparative Example 1)
150 Friction stir welding apparatus (Comparative Example 2)
200 Friction stir welding apparatus (Example 6)
210 Friction stir welding apparatus (Example 7)
220 Friction stir welding apparatus (Example 8)
230 Friction stir welding apparatus (Example 9)

Claims (13)

A first rotating tool arranged on one side in the stacking direction with respect to a pair of metal materials in which an interface is formed by stacking one metal material and the other metal material;
A second rotating tool disposed on the other side opposite to the first rotating tool across a pair of the metal materials and provided to face the first rotating tool;
The first rotating tool is:
A first tool body having a first shoulder portion in contact with one side of the pair of metal materials;
The second rotation tool is:
A second tool body having a second shoulder portion in contact with the other surface of the pair of metal materials;
Projecting from the second tool body toward the first rotating tool, provided between the second tool body and the first tool body, and sandwiched between the first shoulder part and the second shoulder part. A pair of probes for stirring the pair of metal materials,
The probe is
A first stirring groove formed on a contact surface in contact with the metal material on one side in the laminating direction and flowing the stirred metal material toward the interface;
A second agitation groove formed on the contact surface on the other side in the laminating direction and allowing the agitated metal material to flow toward the interface;
The probe is formed so that a boundary between the first stirring groove and the second stirring groove is located at the interface. The first stirring groove is composed of one or more first screw grooves,
2. The friction stir tool according to claim 1, wherein the second stirring groove is configured by one or more second screw grooves that are in a direction opposite to a rotation direction of the first screw groove. The height of the first thread formed by the first thread groove increases from the first shoulder portion toward the boundary,
The friction stir tool according to claim 2, wherein the height of the second thread formed by the second thread groove increases from the second shoulder portion toward the boundary. The first thread groove is provided from a predetermined portion between the first shoulder portion and the boundary to the boundary,
The friction stir tool according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the second thread groove is provided from a predetermined portion between the second shoulder portion and the boundary to the boundary.   The friction stir tool according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein a flat surface is formed in the first screw groove and the second screw groove.   The said 1st thread groove and the said 2nd thread groove are formed so that it may become a different phase in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft of a said 2nd rotation tool. The friction stir tool according to claim 1. A part of the first thread groove is formed on the second thread groove side beyond the boundary,
7. The friction stirrer tool according to claim 2, wherein a part of the second thread groove is formed on the first thread groove side beyond the boundary.   The friction stirring tool according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a rotation direction of the first rotation tool is opposite to a rotation direction of the second rotation tool. When the thickness in the stacking direction of the other metal material among the pair of metal materials is thicker than the thickness in the stacking direction of the one metal material,
The diameter of the second shoulder portion orthogonal to the rotation axis of the second rotary tool is larger than the diameter of the first shoulder portion orthogonal to the rotation axis of the first rotation tool,
Among the pair of metal materials, when the thickness of the one metal material in the stacking direction is thicker than the thickness of the other metal material in the stacking direction,
The diameter of the first shoulder portion orthogonal to the rotation axis of the first rotation tool is larger than the diameter of the second shoulder portion orthogonal to the rotation axis of the second rotation tool. The friction stir tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8. The friction stir tool according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
A first pressing and rotating mechanism for rotating the first rotating tool in a state in which the first shoulder portion of the first rotating tool of the friction stir tool is pressed against one surface of the one metal material;
A second pressing and rotating mechanism for rotating the second rotating tool in a state where the second shoulder portion of the second rotating tool of the friction stir tool is pressed against the other surface of the other metal material;
A friction stir welding apparatus comprising: a control unit that controls the first press rotation mechanism and the second press rotation mechanism. The controller is
When the thickness of the other metal material in the stacking direction of the pair of metal materials is larger than the thickness of the one metal material in the stacking direction, the rotation speed of the second rotating tool Is controlled to be faster than the rotational speed of the first rotary tool,
When the thickness of one metal material in the stacking direction of the pair of metal materials is larger than the thickness of the other metal material in the stacking direction, the rotational speed of the first rotating tool The friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the friction stir welding apparatus is controlled so as to be faster than a rotation speed of the second rotary tool. With respect to a pair of metal materials in which an interface is formed by laminating one metal material and the other metal material, the first rotating tool disposed on one side in the laminating direction and the pair of metal materials are sandwiched A friction stir tool having a second rotating tool disposed on the other side opposite to the first rotating tool and provided facing the first rotating tool;
A first pressing rotation mechanism that rotates the first rotation tool in a state where the first rotation tool is pressed against one surface of the one metal material;
A second pressing rotating mechanism for rotating the second rotating tool in a state in which the second rotating tool is pressed against the other surface of the other metal material;
A control unit for controlling the first press rotation mechanism and the second press rotation mechanism,
The first rotating tool is:
A first tool body having a first shoulder portion in contact with one surface of the one metal material;
The second rotation tool is:
A second tool body having a second shoulder portion in contact with the other surface of the other metal material;
Projecting from the second tool body toward the first rotating tool, provided between the second tool body and the first tool body, and sandwiched between the first shoulder part and the second shoulder part. A pair of probes for stirring the pair of metal materials,
The probe is
An agitation groove formed on a contact surface in contact with the metal material and flowing the agitated metal material across the interface;
The controller is
When the thickness of the other metal material in the stacking direction of the pair of metal materials is larger than the thickness of the one metal material in the stacking direction, the rotation speed of the second rotating tool Is controlled to be faster than the rotational speed of the first rotary tool,
When the thickness of one metal material in the stacking direction of the pair of metal materials is larger than the thickness of the other metal material in the stacking direction, the rotational speed of the first rotating tool Is controlled so as to be faster than the rotational speed of the second rotary tool. A friction stir welding method for friction stir welding a pair of the metal materials using the friction stir tool according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
By rotating the first rotating tool and the second rotating tool with respect to the pair of metal materials stacked, the first shoulder portion that rotates rotates from one surface of one metal material by friction. The metal material agitated by the first agitation groove of the rotating probe is subjected to heat input by friction from the other side surface of the other metal material by the rotating second shoulder portion, The metal material that is flowed from the first shoulder portion side toward the interface and stirred by the second stirring groove of the rotating probe is caused to flow from the second shoulder portion side toward the interface. Friction stir welding method.

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