JP6159667B2 - Method and apparatus for measuring roundness of wheels for railway vehicles - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring the roundness of a railway vehicle wheel, and in particular, the roundness of a railway vehicle wheel that can easily and reliably measure the roundness of a railway vehicle wheel. The present invention relates to a measurement method and apparatus.

  A wheel of a railway vehicle may slide greatly with respect to the rail when a large torque is applied to the wheel shaft, such as idling during power running or sliding during braking, and the wheel and the rail may slide to wear the wheel. At this time, the shape of the wheel, which is normally a perfect circle, becomes irregular, and if the vehicle is run as it is, a large impact is given to the vehicle and the track, causing various damages.

  In order to solve the above problem, a conventional method for measuring the roundness of a wheel will be described. Hereinafter, this roundness measurement method is referred to as a conventional measurement method.

  In the conventional measurement method, first, the wheel shaft is removed from the carriage, or the axle box of the carriage is pushed up with a jack or the like so that the wheel can be rotated on the spot, and a gap of about 1 mm is formed between the wheel and the rail. Next, the displacement sensor fixed to the rail is brought into contact with the treads of the left and right wheels, and the rotary encoder is brought into contact with the treads of the wheels on one side. Measure the roundness of the wheels.

  According to the conventional measurement method described above, the roundness of the wheel can be reliably measured, but there are the following problems.

  It is necessary to push up the axle box of the carriage with a jack etc. so that the wheel axle can be removed from the carriage or the wheel can be rotated on the spot, and a displacement sensor and a rotary encoder must be installed. Much preparation and effort were required to measure the circularity.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to easily and quickly reduce the roundness of a railway vehicle wheel without requiring much preparation and labor for measuring the roundness of the railway vehicle wheel. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for measuring the roundness of railway vehicle wheels that can be measured.

  The present invention has been made to achieve the above object, and is characterized by the following.

The invention according to claim 1 is a non-contact type distance meter that measures the distance to the tread surface of a wheel that rolls on the rail at least four in the rail at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the rail. Embedded, rolling the wheel on the rail, reading the measurement result of the non-contact distance meter at this time, the measurement result, the distance between the non-contact distance meter in the traveling direction of the wheel suppose x direction, the distance measured by the noncontact distance meters, as the y-direction is a traveling direction and a direction perpendicular to the vertical of the wheel, expressed as x-y coordinate system, of the above four measurements A vertical bisector of a line segment connecting any two points is obtained, and a line segment connecting any two points among four or more points of the measurement result, which is different from the line segment And find the intersection of each of the vertical bisectors Wherein while rolling the wheel to seek an intersection of perpendicular bisectors repeated a plurality of times, based on the deviation of the y-coordinate of the intersection between obtained, characterized in that to measure the roundness of the wheel Is.

  The invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 1, a laser distance meter is used as the non-contact distance meter.

The invention according to claim 3 is a non-contact type that measures the distance to the tread surface of at least four or more wheels rolling on the rail embedded in the rail in the longitudinal direction of the rail. Read the measurement result of the non-contact distance meter when the wheel rolls on the rail and the distance meter, the measurement result, the distance between the non-contact distance meter, the traveling direction of the wheel X direction, and the distance measured by the non-contact distance meter is expressed in the xy coordinate system as the y direction that is perpendicular to the traveling direction of the wheel, and the measurement results of four or more points A perpendicular bisector of a line segment connecting any two points among the points is obtained, and a line segment connecting any two points among the four or more points of the measurement result, which is different from the line segment Find the vertical bisector of the minute, find the intersection of each of the vertical bisectors, While rolling the wheel to seek intersection of serial perpendicular bisectors repeated a plurality of times, based on the deviation of the y-coordinate of the intersection between obtained, and a measuring device for measuring the roundness of the wheel This is a characteristic.

  The invention described in claim 4 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 3, the non-contact distance meter is a laser distance meter.

  According to the present invention, like the conventional measurement method, it is necessary to remove the wheel shaft from the carriage, or to push up the axle box of the carriage with a jack or the like so that the wheel can be rotated on the spot, or to install a displacement sensor or a rotary encoder. No need for much preparation and labor to measure the roundness of the wheel, since it is only necessary to roll the wheel on the rail in which the non-contact distance meter is embedded. In addition, the roundness of the railway vehicle wheel can be measured in a short time and with certainty.

It is the schematic which shows the roundness measuring apparatus of the wheel for railway vehicles of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the roundness measurement method of the wheel for railway vehicles of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the movement state of the center point of a wheel when a perfect circle wheel rolls and advances on the rail. It is explanatory drawing which shows the movement state of the center point of a wheel when the wheel which is not a perfect circle rolls and advances on the rail. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state of the unevenness | corrugation of the wheel of a perfect circle and the wheel which is not a perfect circle. It is a graph which shows the center coordinate of the circle | round | yen calculated | required from the movement locus | trajectory of the center of a circle | round | yen in case a wheel is a perfect circle, and a sensor (distance meter) measurement value. It is a graph which shows the center coordinate of the circle | round | yen calculated | required from the movement locus | trajectory of the center of a circle | round | yen when a wheel is not a perfect circle, and a sensor (distance meter) measurement value.

  An embodiment of a method and apparatus for measuring the roundness of a railcar wheel according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a roundness measuring apparatus for a railway vehicle wheel according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a roundness measuring method for a railway vehicle wheel according to the present invention. is there.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a non-contact type distance meter composed of a laser distance meter embedded in the head of the rail 2 with a space in the longitudinal direction of the rail 2, and the wheel 3 that rolls on the rail 2. Measure the distance to the tread. The non-contact distance meter may be another non-contact distance meter in addition to the laser distance meter. At least three distance meters 1 are embedded. The distance meter 1 does not need to be equally spaced if the installation distance between the distance meters 1 is known.

  4 is a measuring instrument. The measuring instrument 4 reads the measurement result of the distance meter 1 when the wheel 3 is rolled on the rail 2, and the measurement result is obtained by calculating the distance between the distance meters 1 as shown in FIG. 2. The x direction that is the traveling direction, and the distance measured by the distance meter 1 is represented in the xy coordinate system as the y direction that is perpendicular to the traveling direction of the wheel 3, and is Q1 that is the three points of the measurement result. , Q2 and Q3 to obtain a line segment Q1Q2 and a line segment Q2Q3, obtain the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of each of these line segments, and based on the deviation from the center point of the wheel 3 (circle), the wheel 3 It has a function to measure the roundness.

  A method for measuring the roundness of a railway vehicle wheel according to the present invention will be described.

  (1) The distance meter 1 is applied to the tread surface of the wheel 3 rolling on the rail 2, and the distances (y 1, y 2, y 3) between the tread surface of the wheel 3 and the distance meter 1 are measured by the measuring instrument 4.

  (2) The x direction is determined in advance by the embedding position of the distance meter 1.

  (3) By combining the above (1) and (2), three measured values of many distance meters 1 are collected and set as points Q1, Q2, and Q3.

で求まる。 (4) When the points Q1, Q2, Q3 are represented by xy coordinates and a perpendicular bisector of the line segment Q1Q2 and the line segment Q2Q3 is drawn, the intersection (Z) is such that the points Q1, Q2, Q3 are in the same arc shape If there is, it becomes the center of the circle. At this time, the coordinates of (Z) can be calculated from x1 to x3 and y1 to y3.

It is obtained by

  When the wheel 3 rolls and advances on the rail 2, if the wheel 3 is a perfect circle, the point group at the center of the circle obtained in the above (4) is a straight line as shown in FIG. Line up on the line. On the other hand, if the wheel 3 is not a perfect circle, the point group at the center of the circle is dispersed within a range having a width from a straight line as shown in FIG.

  Since the width corresponds to a deviation (eccentricity) from a perfect circle, the roundness of the wheel 3 can be properly managed by defining whether the width falls within a certain reference range.

  Thus, according to the present invention, it is only necessary to roll the wheel 3 on the rail 2 in which the laser rangefinder 1 is embedded, so that the roundness of the wheel 3 can be easily and reliably reduced in a short time. Can be measured and managed.

  Next, this invention is further demonstrated based on an Example.

  Eleven laser distance meters as non-contact distance meters were embedded in the rails at intervals of 30 cm, and the wheels were rolled on the rails in which the distance meters were embedded. And arbitrary 3 points | pieces were selected from 11 distance meters, and the calculation which calculates | requires the center of a wheel was implemented by all the combinations.

  As a result, if the wheel 3 is a perfect circle (see FIG. 5), as shown in FIG. 6, the center of the circle moves on a straight line, and the center coordinates obtained from the distance meter 1 are also distributed almost on the straight line. . On the other hand, if the wheel 3 is not a perfect circle under the same conditions (see FIG. 5), as shown in FIG. 7, the center of the circle moves on the meander line, and the center coordinates obtained from the distance meter 1 are dispersed.

  Therefore, the roundness of the wheel 3 can be properly managed by defining whether or not the dispersion width falls within a certain reference range.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is only necessary to roll the wheel on the rail in which the laser distance meter is embedded, so that the roundness of the wheel can be measured easily and in a short time. And can be managed.

1: Non-contact distance meter 2: Rail 3: Wheels 4: Measuring instrument

Claims (4)

At least four or more non-contact type distance meters that measure the distance to the tread surface of a wheel that rolls on the rail are embedded in the rail at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the rail, and the wheel is mounted on the rail. Rolling, reading the measurement result of the non-contact distance meter at this time, the measurement result is the distance between the non-contact distance meter as the x direction which is the traveling direction of the wheel, the non-contact type The distance measured by the distance meter is expressed in the xy coordinate system as the y direction that is perpendicular to the traveling direction of the wheel,
A vertical bisector connecting a line connecting any two points out of four or more points of the measurement result, and a line segment connecting any two points out of the four or more points of the measurement result, Find a vertical bisector different from the line segment, find the intersection of each vertical bisector,
Repeating multiple times while rolling the wheel to find the intersection of the vertical bisectors,
A method for measuring the roundness of a wheel for a railway vehicle , wherein the roundness of the wheel is measured based on a shift in y-coordinate between the obtained intersections .   The method for measuring roundness of a wheel for a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a laser distance meter is used as the non-contact distance meter. At least four or more non-contact type distance meters embedded in the rail in the longitudinal direction of the rail and measuring the distance to the tread of the wheel rolling on the rail, and the rail on the rail Read the measurement result of the non-contact distance meter when rolling the wheel, the measurement result is the distance between the non-contact distance meter as the x direction which is the traveling direction of the wheel, the non-contact The distance measured by the formula distance meter is expressed in the xy coordinate system as the y direction that is perpendicular to the traveling direction of the wheel,
A vertical bisector connecting a line connecting any two points out of four or more points of the measurement result, and a line segment connecting any two points out of the four or more points of the measurement result, Find a vertical bisector different from the line segment, find the intersection of each vertical bisector,
Repeating multiple times while rolling the wheel to find the intersection of the vertical bisectors,
An apparatus for measuring the roundness of a wheel for a railway vehicle , comprising: a measuring device that measures the roundness of the wheel based on a shift in y-coordinate between the obtained intersections .   The roundness measuring apparatus for a railway vehicle wheel according to claim 3, wherein the non-contact type distance meter is a laser distance meter.

Images