CN110356431A - A method of detection train wheel out-of-roundness - Google Patents
A method of detection train wheel out-of-roundness Download PDFInfo
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- CN110356431A CN110356431A CN201910548893.6A CN201910548893A CN110356431A CN 110356431 A CN110356431 A CN 110356431A CN 201910548893 A CN201910548893 A CN 201910548893A CN 110356431 A CN110356431 A CN 110356431A
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- wheel
- measurement point
- roundness
- laser
- measurement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/12—Measuring or surveying wheel-rims
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/2408—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures for measuring roundness
Abstract
A method of detection train wheel out-of-roundness, it is related to the fields of measurement of train wheel geometric dimension, m (m >=2) a measurement point is set in wheel anterior approach, each measurement point emits 2 parallel line lasers or dot laser to wheel, during wheel advances, wheel cuts 2 line lasers or dot laser, obtains vertex position of each measurement point in wheel rim outer circle, chord length 2l is calculated by 2 vertex that 2 laser obtaini, pass through chord length 2liAnd chord length 2liAction Hi, obtain the flange radius value r of each measurement pointi, compare the 2m r obtained in 2m measurement pointi, judge the difference DELTA r of any two radius value, if Δ r≤0.25mm, determine that train meets out-of-roundness requirement；If Δ r > 0.25mm, determine that train is unsatisfactory for out-of-roundness requirement；The present invention can have found the out-of-roundness situation of wheel in time, guarantee train operation quality, the quality of the bogie of car and track component.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fields of measurement of train wheel geometric dimension, not more particularly, to a kind of detection train wheel
The method of circularity.
Background technique
For the wheel run based on track, the periphery of wheel is made of two curved surfaces of wheel rim and tyre tread, tyre tread
Realize that Inhaul operation, wheel rim are located at the inside of track with rail contact, it is jointly real with tyre tread by wheel rim and track interior side contacts
Existing guide function.Wheel out of round degree is that the major parameter that wheel diameters change in vehicle operation, especially city rail are handed over
Logical route, the application practice of a plurality of route are verified: due to the basic certainty of wheel rail relation, wheel out of round degree can be periodically
Occur, needs regularly to revolve and repair.Out-of-roundness, which occurs, in wheel can cause the increasing of Wheel Rail Vibration, the usually up to vibration of 30~40g
Acceleration, so strong continuous Wheel Rail Vibration generate the quality of vehicle riding quality, the bogie of car and track component
It seriously threatens.
Wheel out of round degree refers to that the wheel footpath on 180 ° of directions of same wheel is poor, therefore to realize the measurement of wheel out of round degree, just
It needs in one test to measure the wheel footpath of same wheel at least twice, and the phase difference of adjacent measurement position twice
It is 180 °.It in line computation out-of-roundness is unpractical after measuring wheel footpath using the prior art but in train operation.
Wheel out of round degree online technique difficulty is larger, and the stability and precision of measurement data are difficult to ensure that main cause has
Following three points:
(1) in the measurement of train wheel out-of-roundness, wheel diameter measurement accuracy is ± 0.5mm, realizes the measurement of wheel out of round degree,
It just needs in one test to measure the wheel footpath of same wheel twice, by the superposition of 2 measurement errors, measurement is not
Circularity worst error is ± 1mm；Required precision when non-roundness measurement is ± 0.2mm, and the out-of-roundness maximum for being less than measurement is missed
Difference is ± 1mm, so only by the measuring technique of 2 wheel footpaths of measurement, it is impossible to meet required precision when measurement；
(2) prior art uses pedal contact measurement technology, is difficult to realize application target in orbit, is because of wheel rim vertex
Contact with pedal can bring security risk, and the impact of Contact, the variation of detection process wheel rail relation can all cause to occur
Biggish measurement error generates the case where frequently reporting by mistake, and therefore, existing measuring technique cannot be met the requirements；
(3) when train passes through detection zone, conventional wheel diameters measuring system is carried out using equipment such as high-precision cameras
Shooting, has only completed the measurement of a wheel footpath every time, and to realize real out-of-roundness detection, at least needs the survey of 2 wheel footpaths
Amount, on the basis of existing measurement method, it is desirable to the measurement for realizing out-of-roundness needs to replicate existing wheel system,
That is, all measuring devices need at least more preparations a set of, such cost is greatly increased.In addition, in order to improve measurement
Precision, reduce measurement error, realize out-of-roundness detection, be inadequate only by 2 measurements.
Therefore, a kind of method for detecting train wheel out-of-roundness is needed, finds the out-of-roundness situation of wheel in time.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming at least one defect of the above-mentioned prior art, a kind of detection train wheel out-of-roundness is provided
Method finds the out-of-roundness situation of wheel in time, guarantees train operation quality, the quality of the bogie of car and track component.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that a method of detection train wheel out-of-roundness is set in wheel anterior approach
M (m >=2) a measurement point is set, each measurement point emits 2 parallel laser to wheel, and during wheel advances, wheel is cut
2 laser are cut, vertex position of each measurement point in wheel rim outer circle is obtained, are counted by 2 vertex that 2 laser obtain
Calculation obtains chord length 2li, pass through chord length 2liAnd chord length 2liAction Hi, obtain the flange radius value r of each measurement pointi, right
The 2m r obtained in than 2m measurement pointi, judge the difference DELTA r of any two radius value,
If Δ r≤0.25mm, determine that train meets out-of-roundness requirement；
If Δ r > 0.25mm, determine that train is unsatisfactory for out-of-roundness requirement.
In the technical scheme, since the wheel rim of wheel is always between two tracks, it can be in some measurement point
Place is emitted 2 parallel laser from track outside inwardly, is sensed in each measurement point using high-precision laser position sensing
Device is made of laser emitter and photoelectric position detector, and laser transmitter projects are line laser or dot laser.Swash in setting
When light emitting point, conversion work is checked in order to reduce, convenient for directly measuring, 2 parallel line laser launch points are arranged same
One height, that is, be located at same level.When line laser is in continuous transmitting, the lasing area of one fixed width is formed, wheel advances warp
After crossing lasing area, a part of laser is blocked by wheel, and another part is not blocked, and therefore, 2 line lasers can be with wheel rim profile circle
2 vertex are formed, and 2 vertex are in sustained height.Since 2 vertex are all fallen on the circumference of wheel rim profile, 2 tops
Point goes out a string in the circumference upper member of wheel rim profile, and definition chord length is 2li.Secondly, according to the circumference or wheel of wheel rim profile
The available center location in tower face, the action H of the subsequent available chord lengthi, according to the available measurement point of Pythagorean theorem
The flange radius value r at placei 2=li 2+Hi 2。
Similarly, m (m >=2) a measurement point is being set in wheel anterior approach, the m r of m measurement point is obtained with thisi,
Compare any two ri, difference is the non-round variation delta r of wheel, whether judging that Δ r is more than 0.25mm, that is, is judged
Whether the non-round variable quantity of wheel diameter is more than 0.5mm, to judge whether train meets out-of-roundness requirement.Entire detection process
In, train, only need to be in original measurement wheel rim vertex radius of circle without the high price apparatus such as high-precision camera are used without stopping
It is realized in the equipment in the center of circle, simplifies detection device, improve detection effect, it is ensured that detection accuracy realizes lower cost, compared with
Efficient out-of-roundness detection.
Further, to avoid wheel rim that data measured by two neighboring measurement point are same wheel same position half
Diameter causes testing result false situation occur, and the setting of the m measurement point meets: the distance S of two neighboring measurement point
Not equal to the perimeter L of wheel, that is, guarantee in two neighboring measurement point, when same wheel passes through, obtain necessarily two
The flange radius value of a different location, it is ensured that the authenticity of detection.
Further, since wheel out of round degree refers to that the wheel footpath on 180 ° of directions of same wheel is poor, the m is set
The setting of a measurement point meets: the relationship of the perimeter L of the distance S and wheel of two neighboring measurement point are as follows: S=L/2 passes through restriction
The position of two neighboring measurement point ensures the flange radius test point of two measurement points on 180 ° of directions as far as possible
Two values, improve accuracy in detection.
Further, the step of obtaining each measurement point chord length include:
S11: wheel successively passes through 2 parallel line lasers with speed V；
S12: 2 parallel line laser sustained heights of setting, and the clipping room of 2 parallel line lasers is away from for li0；
S13: the interval time that wheel rim successively cuts 2 parallel line lasers is ti；
S14: cutting 2 laser-formed intersection points of parallel lines from wheel rim, and obtaining chord length is 2li=li0+V·ti。
To improve detection effect, and wheel height is reduced by high request when capture data for equipment, wheel is set
Speed V=1~30km/h, in general, it is best that the position of two measurement points, which is arranged with S=L/2, it is therefore contemplated that
In distance S, wheel is moved ahead with constant speed V, and the interval time that 2 line lasers are cut by obtaining wheel is ti, in conjunction with 2
The clipping room of parallel line laser is away from for li0, chord length 2l can be obtainedi.Using the step in the technical program, it is easy to obtain data,
It relatively straightforward can obtain chord length 2li。
Further, r is obtained by formulai: li 2=R2-(ri-h)2；Wherein, R is wheel rim standard radius；H is line
Laser reaches at wheel rim the distance between wheel rim minimum point.
Further, pass through the chord length 2l of two measurement points1、2l2It is as follows to obtain difference DELTA r:
Further, the out-of-roundness of two measurement point wheels is measured using non-round change rate k in the method:
Wherein, r0=(r1+r2)/2。
Further, it the method also includes collecting in m (m >=2) a measurement point, in any one measurement point, obtains
Flange radius value r of the same wheel in different moments Jing Guo the measurement pointi, gathered { rj, compare current riWith set
{rjInterior any value.
Train is due to starting station difference, and same wheel is when different moments passing through some fixed measuring point, measured wheel
Edge radius is also distributed across the difference on wheel rim, therefore, obtains wheel of the same wheel in different moments Jing Guo the measurement point
Edge radius value ri, gathered { rjAfter, with set { rjComposition data it is more, the set { rjAlso this is more leveled off to
The radius of all the points of wheel, the i.e. true wheel-rim shape of the wheel, at this point, comparing current riWith set { rjInterior any value, it can
To obtain current riSituation of change, improve detection accuracy, also can effectively prevent measurement point concentrate on certain cause detection miss
Difference.
Compared with prior art, train is without stopping in the present invention, without using the high price apparatus such as high-precision camera,
It need to only be realized in the equipment in original measurement wheel rim vertex radius of circle and the center of circle, simplify detection device, improve detection effect,
Ensure detection accuracy, realizes lower cost, the out-of-roundness detection of greater efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic view of the mounting position of line laser transmitter in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is stereoscopic schematic diagram when line laser of the present invention emits.
Fig. 3 is the transmitting location diagram of line laser in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is chord length schematic diagram of the line laser on wheel rim in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Attached drawing of the present invention only for illustration, is not considered as limiting the invention.It is following in order to more preferably illustrate
Embodiment, the certain components of attached drawing have omission, zoom in or out, and do not represent the size of actual product；For art technology
For personnel, the omitting of some known structures and their instructions in the attached drawings are understandable.
Embodiment
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a method of detection train wheel out-of-roundness, suitable for the vehicle advanced on track 13
Wheel 1, the tyre tread 11 of wheel 1 is contacted with track 13, and wheel rim 12 is located between two tracks 13, is arranged on the outside of two tracks 13 and is swashed
Laser pickoff 3 is arranged on the sleeper 14 between two tracks 13 for optical transmitting set 2.
M (m >=2) a measurement point is set in wheel anterior approach, and each measurement point is sent out from line laser transmitter 2 to wheel
2 parallel laser 4 are penetrated, the laser is line laser or dot laser.During wheel advances, wheel cuts 2 laser,
Obtain chord length 2l of each measurement point in wheel rim outer circlei, pass through chord length 2liAnd chord length 2liAction Hi, obtain each
The flange radius value r of measurement pointi, compare the 2m r obtained in 2m measurement pointi, judge the difference DELTA of any two radius value
R,
If Δ r≤0.25mm, determine that train meets out-of-roundness requirement；
If Δ r > 0.25mm, determine that train is unsatisfactory for out-of-roundness requirement.
As shown in figure 3, since the wheel rim of wheel is always between two tracks, can in some measurement point, from
Emit 2 parallel line lasers on the outside of track inwardly, when laser emission point is arranged, checks conversion work to reduce, just
In directly measuring, 2 parallel line laser launch points are arranged in sustained height, that is, are located at same level.When line laser exists
When continuous transmitting, the lasing area of one fixed width is formed, after wheel is advanced past lasing area, a part of laser is blocked by wheel, separately
A part is not blocked.
As shown in figure 4,2 line lasers can form 2 intersection points P1, P2 with wheel rim profile circle, and P1, P2 are in sustained height.
Since 2 intersection points are all fallen on the circumference of wheel rim profile, 2 intersection points go out a string in the circumference upper member of wheel rim profile, fixed
Adopted chord length is 2li.Secondly, according to the position the circumference of wheel rim profile or wheel tower face available center of circle O, it is then available to be somebody's turn to do
The action H of chord lengthi, according to the flange radius value r of the available measurement point of Pythagorean theoremi 2=li 2+Hi 2。
Similarly, m (m >=2) a measurement point is being set in wheel anterior approach, the m r of m measurement point is obtained with thisi,
Compare any two ri, difference is the non-round variation delta r of wheel, whether judging that Δ r is more than 0.25mm, that is, is judged
Whether the non-round variable quantity of wheel diameter is more than 0.5mm, to judge whether wheel meets out-of-roundness requirement.Entire detection process
In, train, only need to be in original measurement wheel rim vertex radius of circle without the high price apparatus such as high-precision camera are used without stopping
It is realized in the equipment in the center of circle, simplifies detection device, improve detection effect, it is ensured that detection accuracy realizes lower cost, compared with
Efficient out-of-roundness detection.
Further, to avoid wheel rim that data measured by two neighboring measurement point are same wheel same position half
Diameter causes testing result false situation occur, and the setting of the m measurement point meets: the distance S of two neighboring measurement point
Not equal to the perimeter L of wheel, that is, guarantee in two neighboring measurement point, when same wheel passes through, obtain necessarily two
The flange radius value of a different location, it is ensured that the authenticity of detection.
Further, since wheel out of round degree refers to that the wheel footpath on 180 ° of directions of same wheel is poor, the m is set
The setting of a measurement point meets: the relationship of the perimeter L of the distance S and wheel of two neighboring measurement point are as follows: S=L/2 passes through restriction
The position of two neighboring measurement point ensures the flange radius test point of two measurement points on 180 ° of directions as far as possible
Two values, improve accuracy in detection.
Further, the step of obtaining each measurement point chord length include:
S11: wheel successively passes through 2 parallel line lasers with speed V；
S12: 2 parallel line laser sustained heights of setting, and the clipping room of 2 parallel line lasers is away from for li0；
S13: the interval time that wheel rim successively cuts 2 parallel line lasers is ti；
S14: cutting 2 laser-formed intersection points of parallel lines from wheel rim, and obtaining chord length is 2li=li0+V·ti。
To improve detection effect, and wheel height is reduced by high request when capture data for equipment, wheel is set
Speed V=1~30km/h, in general, it is best that the position of two measurement points, which is arranged with S=L/2, it is therefore contemplated that
In distance S, wheel is moved ahead with constant speed V, and the interval time that 2 line lasers are cut by obtaining wheel is ti, in conjunction with 2
The clipping room of parallel line laser is away from for li0, chord length 2l can be obtainedi.Using the step in the technical program, it is easy to obtain data,
It relatively straightforward can obtain chord length 2li。
R is obtained by formulai: li 2=R2-(ri-h)2；Wherein, R is wheel rim standard radius；As shown in figure 4, h is line
Laser reaches at wheel rim the distance between wheel rim minimum point, and Hi=ri- h, as shown in figure 3, h can be from the transmitting of line laser 4
The relative position of angle and standard wheel rim obtains.
The process for obtaining difference DELTA r by two chord lengths is as follows:
l1 2=R2-(r1-h)2,
l2 2=R2-(r2-h)2,
The two subtracts each other to obtain:
The out-of-roundness of two measurement point wheels is measured using non-round change rate k in the method:
Wherein, r0=(r1+r2)/2。
The method also includes collecting in m (m >=2) a measurement point, in any one measurement point, obtains same wheel and exist
Flange radius value r of the different moments Jing Guo the measurement pointi, gathered { rj, compare current riWith set { rjIn it is any
Value.
Train is due to starting station difference, and same wheel is when different moments passing through some fixed measuring point, measured wheel
Edge radius is also distributed across the difference on wheel rim, therefore, obtains wheel of the same wheel in different moments Jing Guo the measurement point
Edge radius value ri, gathered { rjAfter, with set { rjComposition data it is more, the set { rjAlso this is more leveled off to
The radius of all the points of wheel, the i.e. true wheel-rim shape of the wheel, at this point, comparing current riWith set { rjInterior any value, it can
To obtain current riSituation of change, improve detection accuracy, also can effectively prevent measurement point concentrate on certain cause detection miss
Difference.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only intended to clearly illustrate technical solution of the present invention example, and
It is not the restriction to a specific embodiment of the invention.It is all made within the spirit and principle of claims of the present invention
Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method for detecting train wheel out-of-roundness, which is characterized in that m (m >=2) a measurement is arranged in wheel anterior approach
Point, each measurement point emit 2 parallel laser to wheel, and during wheel advances, wheel cuts 2 laser, obtain
Chord length 2l is calculated by 2 vertex that 2 laser obtain in vertex position of each measurement point in wheel rim outer circlei,
Pass through chord length 2liAnd chord length 2liAction Hi, obtain the flange radius value r of each measurement pointi, compare in m measurement point
M r of acquisitioni, judge that the difference of any two radius value is the non-round variation delta r of wheel,
If Δ r≤0.25mm, determine that train meets out-of-roundness requirement；
If Δ r > 0.25mm, determine that train is unsatisfactory for out-of-roundness requirement.
2. a kind of method for detecting train wheel out-of-roundness according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the laser is line
Laser or dot laser.
3. a kind of method for detecting train wheel out-of-roundness according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the m measurement
The setting of point meets: the distance S of two neighboring measurement point is not equal to the perimeter L of wheel.
4. a kind of method for detecting train wheel out-of-roundness according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the m measurement
The setting of point meets: the relationship of the perimeter L of the distance S and wheel of two neighboring measurement point are as follows: S=L/2.
5. a kind of method for detecting train wheel out-of-roundness according to claim 1, which is characterized in that obtain each measurement
Point chord length the step of include:
S11: wheel successively passes through 2 parallel line lasers with speed V；
S12: 2 parallel line laser sustained heights of setting, and the clipping room of 2 parallel line lasers is away from for li0；
S13: the interval time that wheel rim successively cuts 2 parallel line lasers is ti；
S14: cutting 2 laser-formed intersection points of parallel lines from wheel rim, and obtaining chord length is 2li=li0+V·ti。
6. a kind of method for detecting train wheel out-of-roundness according to claim 4, which is characterized in that obtained by formula
ri:
li 2=R2-(ri-h)2；
Wherein, R is wheel rim standard radius；H is that line laser reaches at wheel rim the distance between wheel rim minimum point.
7. a kind of method for detecting train wheel out-of-roundness according to claim 5, which is characterized in that measured by two
Chord length 2l at point1、2l2It is as follows to obtain difference DELTA r:
8. a kind of method for detecting train wheel out-of-roundness according to claim 6, which is characterized in that two in the method
The out-of-roundness of a measurement point wheel is measured using non-round change rate k:
Wherein, r0=(r1+r2)/2。
9. a kind of described in any item methods for detecting train wheel out-of-roundness according to claim 1~8, which is characterized in that institute
The method of stating further includes collecting in m measurement point, in any one measurement point, obtains same wheel in different moments by the survey
Flange radius value r at amount pointi, gathered { rj, compare current riWith set { rjInterior any value.
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| CN102092406A (en) * | 2011-01-17 | 2011-06-15 | 武汉理工大学 | Optical fiber grating sensed train wheel tread state online monitoring system |
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Application publication date: 20191022 |