JP6140920B2 - Radioactive contaminated soil removal method and contaminated soil sweeper used therefor - Google Patents
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本発明は、放射能汚染土除去方法及びこれに用いる汚染土用スイーパーに関する。 The present invention relates to a method for removing radioactive contaminated soil and a contaminated soil sweeper used therefor.
東日本大地震及びこれに伴う津波により原子力発電所に事故が発生したため、放射性物質が大気に拡散され地表に降下して土壌が放射能で汚染されるという事態が起きた。放射能汚染された地域では、汚染土の除去及びその処分が急がれている。この汚染土の除去では、除去された汚染土が、仮置きや中間貯蔵された後、洗浄等の処理を経て、最終処分されることになり、これには、多大な用地面積と費用が必要になるため、この点にも十分に配慮した適切な方法が採用されることが望まれる。
なお、このような放射能による汚染土の除去方法に関する技術の蓄積がなく、記載すべき先行技術文献情報はない。
As a result of the Great East Japan Earthquake and the accompanying tsunami, an accident occurred at a nuclear power plant, causing radioactive materials to diffuse into the atmosphere and fall to the surface of the earth, contaminating the soil with radioactivity. In radioactively contaminated areas, the removal and disposal of contaminated soil is urgently needed. In the removal of this contaminated soil, the removed contaminated soil is temporarily disposed or intermediately stored and then subjected to final disposal, such as washing, which requires a large land area and cost. Therefore, it is desirable to adopt an appropriate method that fully considers this point.
In addition, there is no accumulation of technology regarding such a method for removing contaminated soil by radioactivity, and there is no prior art document information to be described.
そこで、ここでは、汚染された地域での除染対策と現状の問題点について検討する。
1.除染対策
そもそも放射性物質が地表に降下し土壌を放射能で汚染するという現象は、放射性物質がセシウム134、137等であった場合、これらの物質が土壌粒子に極めて強く吸着される状態である。つまり、降下した放射性物質は、地表面付近の土壌に吸着され、その後降雨等があった場合でも、ほとんど再溶出することなくその場所にとどまり、下方にはわずかしか移行しない。したがって、セシウム134、137等により汚染された土地の土壌は、表面のわずか2cm程度のみが高濃度に汚染され、それ以深はほとんど汚染されていないのが普通である。
よって、汚染された地域での除染対策としては、汚染土の表面の2cm程度の土のみを除去すればよく、これを超えて5cmも10cmも除去(採取)したのでは、除去後の汚染土の仮置き、中間貯蔵、洗浄等の処理、最終処分の数量を大幅に増やすことになり、極めて不経済になるばかりか、用地の確保が困難になる。
このように汚染されている土地を修復するには、土壌表面のわずか2cm程度の高濃度の汚染土を除去するだけで十分である。なお、ここでいう「2cm」は例示であり、実際には状況により異なるが、1〜3cm程度になると考えられる。ここでは代表的な例として2cmと表記する。
2.現状の問題点
しかしながら、汚染されている土地が、学校の校庭のようにほぼ平らで、ある程度以上の広い面積があり、雑草等が繁茂していない土地であれば、既存のモーターグレーダー等の機械を用いて、表面の2cm程度のみの土を除去することは可能であるが、実際には汚染されている土地にこのような好条件のところは少なく、例えば、狭い場所や障害物がある場所があり、しかも雑草等が繁茂して地上の草部分や地表面下の根が障害物になっているような場所も多く、土壌表面の2cm程度のみを精度よく除去することは難しい。
Therefore, here we examine the decontamination measures and current problems in the contaminated areas.
1. Measures for decontamination In the first place, the phenomenon that radioactive substances fall to the surface and contaminate the soil with radioactivity is a state in which these substances are adsorbed very strongly by soil particles when the radioactive substances are cesium 134, 137, etc. . In other words, the radioactive material that has fallen is adsorbed by the soil near the ground surface, and even if there is rainfall or the like thereafter, it stays at that location with little re-elution, and moves slightly downward. Therefore, as for the soil of the land contaminated by cesium 134, 137, etc., only about 2 cm of the surface is usually contaminated with high concentration, and it is normal that the depth is not further contaminated.
Therefore, as a decontamination measure in a contaminated area, it is only necessary to remove only about 2 cm of soil on the surface of the contaminated soil. If 5 cm or 10 cm is removed (collected) beyond this, the contamination after removal is removed. The amount of temporary storage of soil, intermediate storage, washing, and final disposal will be greatly increased, which will be extremely uneconomical and difficult to secure land.
To repair such contaminated land, it is sufficient to remove contaminated soil with a high concentration of only 2 cm on the soil surface. Note that “2 cm” here is an example, and it is considered to be about 1 to 3 cm although it actually varies depending on the situation. Here, 2 cm is described as a typical example.
2. Current problems However, if the contaminated land is almost flat like a school yard, has a large area of a certain extent and is not overgrown with weeds, etc., existing machines such as motor graders It is possible to remove only 2cm of soil on the surface, but in reality there are few such favorable conditions in the contaminated land, for example, places where there are narrow places and obstacles In addition, there are many places where weeds grow and the grass part on the ground and the roots under the ground surface are obstacles, and it is difficult to accurately remove only about 2 cm of the soil surface.
そこで、本発明は、放射能で汚染された土地の除染に際し、汚染濃度の高い表面の土壌を除去する場合において、既存のモーターグレーダー等では施工が困難な場所で、汚染土壌の表層を精度よく効率的に掻き取ることができ、汚染濃度の高い表面付近土壌の除去回収を容易にし得る新たな放射能汚染土除去方法及びこれに用いる汚染土用スイーパーを提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, when decontamination of radioactively contaminated land, the present invention provides an accurate surface layer of contaminated soil in places where it is difficult to construct with existing motor graders and the like when removing soil with a high contamination concentration. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new radioactive contaminated soil removal method that can be efficiently and efficiently scraped and facilitate the removal and recovery of soil near the surface having a high contamination concentration, and a contaminated soil sweeper used therefor.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、
放射能で汚染された土地の汚染土を除去するための放射能汚染土除去方法であって、
周面に樹脂製のブラシと金属ワイヤーとを混植された略円筒形のブラシ本体及びこれを回転駆動する駆動部からなる回転式ブラシを備える汚染土用スイーパーを用い、
前記ブラシ本体を汚染土上で前記ブラシ本体周面の前記樹脂製のブラシ及び金属ワイヤーが汚染土の表層を表面下1〜3cm程度の深さまで掻き取り可能に所定の高さで回転させながら移動することにより、前記ブラシ本体で汚染土の表層を、地上部の草や地中部の根はそのまま残し、地表面に起伏があれば地表面の起伏にならって、表面下1〜3cm程度の深さまで掻き取る、
ことを要旨とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides:
A radioactive soil removal method for removing contaminated soil from radioactively contaminated land,
Using a polluted soil sweeper comprising a substantially cylindrical brush body in which a resin brush and a metal wire are mixed on the peripheral surface and a rotary brush composed of a drive unit that rotationally drives the brush body,
The brush body is moved on the contaminated soil while the resin brush and metal wire on the peripheral surface of the brush body are rotated at a predetermined height so that the surface layer of the contaminated soil can be scraped to a depth of about 1 to 3 cm below the surface. As a result , the surface of the contaminated soil is left as it is with the brush body, the grass on the ground and the roots of the ground are left as they are, and if there are undulations on the ground surface, the ground surface undulates and the depth of about 1 to 3 cm below the surface. Scrape up,
This is the gist.
また、本発明は、上記放射能汚染土除去方法に用いる汚染土用スイーパーであって、汚染土上を走行可能な車両と、汚染土の表層を掻き取り可能に周面に樹脂製のブラシと金属ワイヤーとを混植された略円筒形のブラシ本体及びこれを回転駆動する駆動部からなる回転式ブラシとを備え、前記ブラシ本体は前記車両の下部で、前記ブラシ本体の回転軸を前記車両の幅方向に向けて、前記樹脂製のブラシ及び金属ワイヤーが汚染土の表層を表面下1〜3cm程度の深さまで掻き取り可能に所定の高さに回転可能に取り付けられる。
この汚染土用スイーパーはまた、ブラシ本体は車両の下部に高さを調整する手段を介して前記樹脂製のブラシ及び金属ワイヤーが汚染土の表層を表面下1〜3cm程度の深さまで掻き取り可能に所定の高さに取り付けられることが好ましい。
Further, the present invention is the use in the radioactive contamination soil removal method a contaminated dog days sweeper, and capable traveling on polluted soil vehicle, resin brush scraping Installing capable circumferential surface of the surface layer of contaminated soil A substantially cylindrical brush body in which a metal wire and a metal wire are mixed, and a rotary brush comprising a drive unit that rotationally drives the brush body. The brush body is a lower part of the vehicle , and the rotation axis of the brush body is the vehicle. toward the width direction, the resin of the brush and the metal wire is rotatably attached to the scraping of the surface layer to a depth of about
This contamination midsummer sweeper also brush body is capable scraping surface of the resin brush and the metal wire through the means for adjusting the height at the bottom of the vehicle is polluted soil to a depth of about
本発明の放射能汚染土除去方法及びこれに用いる汚染土用スイーパーによれば、放射能で汚染された土地の除染に際し、汚染濃度の高い表面の土壌を除去する場合において、周面に樹脂製のブラシと金属ワイヤーとを混植されてなる略円筒形のブラシ本体を汚染土上で樹脂製のブラシ及び金属ワイヤーが汚染土の表層を表面下1〜3cm程度の深さまで掻き取り可能に所定の高さで回転させながら移動することにより、このブラシ本体で汚染土の表層を、地上部の草や地中部の根はそのまま残し、地表面に起伏があれば地表面の起伏にならって、表面下1〜3cm程度の深さまで掻き取るようにしたので、モーターグレーダーが入れないような狭い場所でも表層土壌の回収が可能になった。また、対象土地に雑草等が繁茂している場合や地表面下にそれらの根が存在している場合は、モーターグレーダーでは地上部の草や地中部の根が障害となって表層土壌を精度よく回収することは困難であったが、汚染土用スイーパーを用いた場合は、作業の効率や精度には全く問題はなく、強靭な草や根をそのまま現地に残して、除去が必要な土壌のみを的確に回収することが可能になった。さらに、地表面に起伏があった場合も、モーターグレーダーのように高い部分は削りとりすぎ、低い部分は削りとりが不足することもなく、地表面の起伏にならって表面から必要な厚さの土砂を的確に除去できるようになった。
According to the method for removing radioactive contaminated soil of the present invention and the contaminated soil sweeper used in the present invention, when decontaminating radioactively contaminated land, when removing soil with a high contamination concentration, a resin is used on the peripheral surface. Predetermined to be able to scrape the surface layer of the contaminated soil to a depth of about 1 to 3 cm below the surface of the brush body made of resin and the metal wire on the contaminated soil with a substantially cylindrical brush body made by mixing planted brush and metal wire By moving while rotating at a height of , the surface of the contaminated soil with this brush body, leaving the grass of the ground part and the root of the ground part as it is, if there is undulation on the ground surface, Since it was scraped to a depth of about 1 to 3 cm below the surface, it became possible to recover the surface soil even in a narrow place where the motor grader could not enter. Also, if weeds are growing on the target land or if their roots exist below the surface of the ground, the motor grader will prevent the ground soil and the roots in the ground from becoming obstacles, and the surface soil will be accurately It was difficult to recover well, but when using a contaminated soil sweeper, there was no problem in work efficiency and accuracy, leaving the tough grass and roots in the field and removing the soil that needed to be removed. It became possible to collect only the correct. Furthermore, even if there are undulations on the ground surface, the high part like the motor grader is scraped off too much, and the low part is not cut off enough, and the necessary thickness from the surface follows the undulation of the ground surface. Sediment can now be removed accurately.
以下、この発明を実施するための形態について図を用いて説明する。
この放射能汚染土除去方法は、放射能で汚染された土地の汚染土を除去するためのもので、この方法では、特に、土壌の表層を掻き取り可能な構造を有する回転式ブラシを備える汚染土用スイーパーを用い、回転式ブラシを汚染土上で汚染土の表層を所定の深さまで掻き取り可能な位置で回転させながら移動して、汚染土の表層を掻き取る、ものとした。
Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
This radioactive contamination soil removal method is for removing contaminated soil from radioactively contaminated land. In this method, in particular, contamination with a rotary brush having a structure capable of scraping off the surface layer of soil. A soil sweeper was used to move the rotary brush on the contaminated soil while rotating the surface layer of the contaminated soil to a predetermined depth so that the surface layer of the contaminated soil was scraped off.
図1にこの放射能汚染土除去方法に用いる汚染土用スイーパーを示している。図1に示すように、この汚染土用スイーパーは、汚染土上を走行可能な車両1と、汚染土の表層を掻き取るための略円筒形のブラシ本体20及びこれを回転駆動する駆動部(図示省略)からなる回転式ブラシ2とを備え、ブラシ本体20は、車両1の下部で車幅方向に延び、汚染土の表層を所定の深さに掻き取り可能な位置に回転可能に取り付けられる。
この汚染土用スイーパーの場合、車両1は乗員1名程度の小型車両で、車両の後部側に運転席10を有している。この車両1の車体11の下部には、前側の車輪12の後方に近接して回転式ブラシ2のブラシ本体20を回転可能に装着するためのブラシ装着部110が車体11の幅方向に貫通して形成される。ブラシ本体20は、図2に示すように、車両1に取り付けられる回転軸21と、回転軸21の周囲に植設され、汚染土の表層を掻き取り可能な強度及び弾性を有するブラシ22とを有する。この場合、ブラシ22には樹脂製のブラシに金属ワイヤーを混植されたものが採用される。このブラシ本体20は、車体11のブラシ装着部110に挿通され、車体11に固定される支持ブラケット111を介して回動可能に支持される。この場合、支持ブラケット111はブラシ本体20の高さ調整機能を有し、ブラシ本体20は汚染土の表層を所定の深さに掻き取り可能に汚染土上の所定の高さに回転可能に取り付けられる。なお、ブラシ本体20のブラシ22は金属ワイヤーからなるものであってもよい。
FIG. 1 shows a contaminated soil sweeper used in this radioactively contaminated soil removing method. As shown in FIG. 1, the contaminated soil sweeper includes a
In the case of this contaminated soil sweeper, the
図3にこの汚染土用スイーパーを用いて汚染土の表層を掻き取る作業状態を示している。図3に示すように、作業者は車両1に乗り、車両1の運転とともに回転式ブラシ2を操作し、汚染土上で回転式ブラシ2を回転させ、汚染土の表層を所定の深さまで掻き取りながら移動して、汚染土の表層の掻き取り作業を行う。
FIG. 3 shows a working state in which the surface layer of the contaminated soil is scraped off using the contaminated soil sweeper. As shown in FIG. 3, the operator gets on the
本願出願人は、このような汚染土用スイーパーの実機を作り、この実機で、土壌の表層を掻き取る実験を行った。
この実験では、車両の下部に、金属ワイヤーを混植した樹脂ブラシを、土壌の表層を表面下2cm程度まで掻き取り可能な位置に回転可能に低く装着し、土壌表面の土の掻き取りを行った。
その結果、この汚染土用スイーパーを走行させた土壌の掻き取り面は、土壌に植物が生えていても植物を残し、表面下2cm程度の表面土のみを効率的に掻き取ることができた。この汚染土用スイーパーの1回の走行(1パス)で土壌の掻き取りが不十分な場合は4回走行(4パス)程度まで行えば十分に2cm程度の厚さの表土を掻き取ることができた。
この実験から、この汚染土用スイーパーを用いた土壌の掻き取り方法で、地上に雑草等が繁茂して地上の草の部分や地表面下の根が障害になっていても、表層2cm程度の土壌の掻き取りを効率的に行えることが判明したため、実際にセシウムで放射能汚染されており雑草が繁茂している土地において、この方法での表層土の掻き取りによる除染効果を確認した。
この汚染土での実験では、土壌の掻き取り前の表土1〜2mmをスコップで剥ぎ取り、この土壌の放射能をゲルマニウム半導体分析器で測定して、処理前の土壌の放射能濃度とした。そして、汚染土用スイーパーの回転式ブラシに通常の樹脂ブラシを用いた場合と金属ワイヤー混植ブラシを用いた場合に分けて、汚染土用スイーパーを同じ場所で4回ずつ走行(4パス)させ、回転式ブラシにより掻き取りされた後の新しい土壌表面の土1〜2mmをスコップで剥ぎ取り、同様に放射能分析して、処理後の土壌の放射能濃度とした。
その結果を表1、表2に示す。
In this experiment, a resin brush mixed with metal wires was installed in the lower part of the vehicle at a position where the surface layer of the soil could be scraped down to about 2 cm below the surface so as to be rotatable, and the soil surface was scraped off. .
As a result, the scraping surface of the soil on which this contaminated soil sweeper was run was able to efficiently scrape only the surface soil of about 2 cm below the surface, leaving the plant even if the plant grew on the soil. If the soil sweeping is not enough in one run (1 pass) of this soiled soil sweeper, if it is run up to 4 times (4 passes), the topsoil with a thickness of about 2 cm can be scraped sufficiently. did it.
From this experiment, the soil scraping method using this contaminated soil sweeper, even if weeds overgrow on the ground and the grass part on the ground and the roots under the ground surface become obstacles, the surface layer is about 2 cm. Since it was found that the soil could be scraped efficiently, the decontamination effect of the surface soil scraping by this method was confirmed on the land that was actually radioactively contaminated with cesium and overgrown with weeds.
In the experiment with this contaminated soil, 1-2 mm of the topsoil before scraping off the soil was peeled off with a scoop, and the radioactivity of this soil was measured with a germanium semiconductor analyzer to obtain the radioactivity concentration of the soil before treatment. And, when using a normal resin brush for the rotating brush of the contaminated soil sweeper and when using a metal wire mixed brush, run the contaminated soil sweeper four times at the same place (4 passes), 1-2 mm of soil on the new soil surface after scraping with a rotary brush was peeled off with a scoop, and the radioactivity was analyzed in the same manner to obtain the radioactivity concentration of the treated soil.
The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
以上のことから明らかなように、この放射能汚染土除去方法及びこれに用いる汚染土用スイーパーによれば、放射能で汚染された土地の除染に際し、汚染濃度の高い表面の土壌を除去する場合において、小型の車両1及び回転式ブラシ2からなる汚染土用スイーパーを用い、回転式ブラシ2を汚染土上で汚染土の表層を所定の深さまで掻き取り可能な位置で回転させながら走行移動して、汚染土の表層を掻き取るようにしたので、モーターグレーダー等では施工が困難な場所でも、汚染土の表層土を精度よく効率的に掻き取ることができ、汚染濃度の高い表面付近の土壌の除去回収を容易にすることができる。
As is clear from the above, according to this radioactively contaminated soil removal method and the contaminated soil sweeper used for this, when decontaminating radioactively contaminated land, surface soil with a high contamination concentration is removed. In some cases, using a contaminated soil sweeper consisting of a
1 車両
10 運転席
11 車体
110 ブラシ装着部
111 支持ブラケット(高さ調整手段)
12 車輪
2 回転式ブラシ
20 ブラシ本体
21 回転軸
22 ブラシ
DESCRIPTION OF
12
Claims (3)
周面に樹脂製のブラシと金属ワイヤーとを混植された略円筒形のブラシ本体及びこれを回転駆動する駆動部からなる回転式ブラシを備える汚染土用スイーパーを用い、
前記ブラシ本体を汚染土上で前記ブラシ本体周面の前記樹脂製のブラシ及び金属ワイヤーが汚染土の表層を表面下1〜3cm程度の深さまで掻き取り可能に所定の高さで回転させながら移動することにより、前記ブラシ本体で汚染土の表層を、地上部の草や地中部の根はそのまま残し、地表面に起伏があれば地表面の起伏にならって、表面下1〜3cm程度の深さまで掻き取る、
ことを特徴とする放射能汚染土除去方法。 A radioactive soil removal method for removing contaminated soil from radioactively contaminated land,
Using a polluted soil sweeper comprising a substantially cylindrical brush body in which a resin brush and a metal wire are mixed on the peripheral surface and a rotary brush composed of a drive unit that rotationally drives the brush body,
The brush body is moved on the contaminated soil while the resin brush and metal wire on the peripheral surface of the brush body are rotated at a predetermined height so that the surface layer of the contaminated soil can be scraped to a depth of about 1 to 3 cm below the surface. As a result , the surface of the contaminated soil is left as it is with the brush body, the grass on the ground and the roots of the ground are left as they are, and if there are undulations on the ground surface, the ground surface undulates and the depth of about 1 to 3 cm below the surface. Scrape up,
A method for removing radioactively contaminated soil.
Priority Applications (1)
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