JP5843101B2 - Method for purifying media contaminated with radioactive cesium - Google Patents
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- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 38
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 37
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000202829 Eleocharis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000759199 Eleocharis acicularis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 10
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-OUBTZVSYSA-N cesium-134 Chemical compound [134Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-RNFDNDRNSA-N cesium-137 Chemical compound [137Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-RNFDNDRNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000208818 Helianthus Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000099147 Ananas comosus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007119 Ananas comosus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-HVTJNCQCSA-N 10043-66-0 Chemical compound [131I][131I] PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-HVTJNCQCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Description
本発明は、放射性セシウムに汚染された媒体、例えば土壌、堆積物、廃棄物、水等の媒体を、植物を用いて浄化する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for purifying a medium contaminated with radioactive cesium, for example, a medium such as soil, sediment, waste, and water, using a plant.
重金属によって汚染された媒体を浄化する方法としては、植物による重金属の吸収・蓄積能力を利用したファイトレメディエーション(Phytoremediation)技術が検討されている。ファイトレメディエーションは、環境要因の影響が大きく、すなわち植物の生育が気候に左右されやすく、浄化に長い時間を要するため即効性が低いなどの問題はあるが、低コストでしかも殆ど労力がかからず、環境調和型の技術であるといった点で、注目されている。例えば、特許文献１、特許文献２、特許文献３などには、ファイトレメディエーションによる浄化方法が記載されている。特に、特許文献２や特許文献３には、カヤツリグサ科ハリイ属(Cyperaceae Eleocharis)の植物により、重金属で汚染された媒体を浄化する方法が記載されている。 As a method for purifying a medium contaminated by heavy metals, a phytoremediation technique using the ability of plants to absorb and accumulate heavy metals has been studied. Phytoremediation is greatly affected by environmental factors, that is, plant growth is easily influenced by the climate, and it takes a long time for purification, so there are problems such as low immediate effect, but it is low cost and requires little labor However, it is attracting attention because it is an environmentally harmonious technology. For example, Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3, and the like describe a purification method by phytoremediation. In particular, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 describe a method for purifying a medium contaminated with heavy metals by a plant of the genus Cyperaceae Eleocharis.
環境汚染としては、放射性物質による汚染が問題になっている。福島第一原子力発電所の事故により、広範な領域に放射性物質が飛散し、住民の被爆や農業への影響が懸念されている。また、チェルノブイリ原発の事故により、ウクライナやベラルーシでも放射性物質による汚染は残っており、多くの村が閉鎖されたままになっている。 As environmental pollution, contamination by radioactive materials has become a problem. Due to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, radioactive materials are scattered over a wide area, and there are concerns about the impact on residents' exposure and agriculture. The Chernobyl accident has left radioactive contamination in Ukraine and Belarus, and many villages remain closed.
放射性物質により汚染された環境における除染として、表土の削り取りが試みられている。たとえば、農業機械を用いて約４ｃｍの表土を削り取る手法や、マグネシウム系固化剤により土壌表層を固化させて削り取る手法が試みられている。また、ヒマワリを栽培し、植物体に放射性物質を吸収させることも試みられている（たとえば、非特許文献１）。 For the decontamination in an environment contaminated with radioactive substances, topsoil scraping has been attempted. For example, a method of scraping about 4 cm of the top soil using an agricultural machine or a method of solidifying and scraping the soil surface layer with a magnesium-based solidifying agent has been attempted. In addition, it has been attempted to cultivate sunflower and cause the plant body to absorb a radioactive substance (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
非特許文献１に記載された除染方法のうち、表土の削り取りには、その場所の放射性物質を減少させる一定の効果が示されている。しかし、広範囲に適用するには膨大な費用と労力を有する。しかも、削り取られる土砂は大量であり、その保管場所の確保や、移動・管理は困難である。 Among the decontamination methods described in Non-Patent Document 1, the removal of topsoil has a certain effect of reducing radioactive substances in the place. However, it has enormous cost and labor to apply in a wide range. Moreover, the amount of earth and sand that is scraped off is large, and it is difficult to secure the storage location and to move and manage it.
植物による汚染土壌の浄化方法としては、ファイトレメディエーションが知られているが、特許文献１〜特許文献３のいずれにも放射性物質の除去については記載も示唆もない。原発事故により大量に発生する放射性元素の内、ヨウ素１３１は半減期が８．１日であり、短期間で減少する。しかし、セシウム１３４とセシウム１３７の半減期はそれぞれ２．１年と３０．１年であり、これらの放射性セシウムが除染の主な対象となる。 Although phytoremediation is known as a purification method for contaminated soil by plants, none of Patent Documents 1 to 3 describes or suggests removal of radioactive substances. Of the radioactive elements generated in large quantities due to the nuclear accident, iodine 131 has a half-life of 8.1 days and decreases in a short period. However, the half-lives of cesium 134 and cesium 137 are 2.1 years and 30.1 years, respectively, and these radioactive cesiums are the main targets for decontamination.
従来のファイトレメディエーションは特許文献１〜特許文献３などに示す通り重金属を主要な対象としてきているが、セシウムは重金属ではなく軽金属である。しかも、放射性物質である軽金属元素を吸収する植物は知られておらず、例外としてヒマワリ栽培が放射性セシウムの吸収には有効と考えられてきた。チェルノブイリ事故による汚染場所でも栽培が実施され、福島でも実証試験がなされた。しかし、非特許文献１に示すように、福島での実証試験では放射性セシウム濃度が７７００Ｂｑ／ｋｇの土壌において５２Ｂｑ／ｋｇしか吸収できず、効果が低いが小さいと結論付けられている。 Conventional phytoremediation has focused on heavy metals as shown in Patent Documents 1 to 3, etc., but cesium is not a heavy metal but a light metal. In addition, plants that absorb light metal elements, which are radioactive substances, are not known. As an exception, sunflower cultivation has been considered effective for absorbing radioactive cesium. Cultivation was carried out in the contaminated area due to the Chernobyl accident, and a verification test was conducted in Fukushima. However, as shown in Non-Patent Document 1, it has been concluded that in a demonstration test in Fukushima, only 52 Bq / kg can be absorbed in soil having a radioactive cesium concentration of 7700 Bq / kg, and the effect is low but small.
この発明は、植物体に放射性セシウムを吸収させて、放射性セシウムに汚染された媒体を浄化する方法を提供することを目的とする。 It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for purifying a medium contaminated with radioactive cesium by absorbing radioactive cesium in a plant body.
上記の課題を解決するために、本発明に係る放射性セシウムに汚染された媒体の浄化方法は、放射性セシウムに汚染された媒体でカヤツリグサ科ハリイ属(Cyperaceae Eleocharis)のマツバイ(Eleocharis acicularis)を栽培し、媒体中の放射性セシウムをマツバイに吸収させることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, a method for purifying a medium contaminated with radioactive cesium according to the present invention cultivates Cyperaceae Eleocharis pine (Eleocharis acicularis) in a medium contaminated with radioactive cesium. The cesium absorbs radioactive cesium in the medium.
媒体として土壌に対して適用するときは、放射性セシウムに汚染された土壌にマツバイを直に植え付けて土壌中の放射性セシウムをマツバイに吸収させてもよく、また、透水性の容器に入れられたマツバイの苗を放射性セシウムに汚染された土壌のある環境に設置してもよい。 When applied to soil as a medium, pine trees may be directly planted in soil contaminated with radioactive cesium to allow the pine trees to absorb radioactive cesium in the soil. May be placed in an environment with soil contaminated with radioactive cesium.
媒体として水に対して適用するときは、透水性の容器に入れられたマツバイの苗を放射性セシウムに汚染された水のある環境に設置し、水中の放射性セシウムをマツバイに吸収させることができる。特に透明度が低い水で水深が深い場合には、透水性の容器を水に浮いた状態で設置することが好ましい。 When applied to water as a medium, pine tree seedlings placed in a water-permeable container can be installed in an environment with water contaminated with radioactive cesium, and the radioactive cesium in water can be absorbed by pine trees. In particular, when water is low in transparency and deep in water, it is preferable to install a water-permeable container in a state of floating in water.
この発明の放射性セシウムに汚染された媒体の浄化方法によれば、マツバイに放射性セシウムを吸収させ、媒体を簡単かつ効果的に除染することができる。マツバイの栽培は容易であり、日本全域で栽培できるほか、国外でも広範囲で栽培可能である。 According to the method for purifying a medium contaminated with radioactive cesium according to the present invention, Matsubai can absorb radioactive cesium, and the medium can be easily and effectively decontaminated. Pine bait is easy to cultivate and can be cultivated throughout Japan as well as abroad.
この発明を実施するための形態について説明する。この発明の浄化方法は、放射性セシウムに汚染された媒体でマツバイを栽培し、媒体中の放射性セシウムをマツバイに吸収させるものである。 The form for implementing this invention is demonstrated. According to the purification method of the present invention, pine bai is cultivated in a medium contaminated with radioactive cesium, and the radioactive cesium in the medium is absorbed by pine bai.
媒体としては、土壌の外、水も含まれる。ここで、水田のように土壌に上に水のある場合や河川・湖沼などの環境中の水に適用できるだけでなく、貯水池や下水、汚染水を溜めた水槽などでも適用できる。 The medium includes water as well as soil. Here, it can be applied not only to water on the soil like a paddy field, but also to water in the environment such as rivers and lakes, and can also be applied to a reservoir, sewage, and a tank containing contaminated water.
マツバイ(Eleocharis acicularis)はカヤツリグサ科ハリイ属(Cyperaceae Eleocharis)の植物であり日本全域に広く自生している。東日本に多く自生している変種のチシママツバイも含まれる。その地域の自生種を使用してもよいが、大きく成長しやすい西日本の株を植え付けてもよい。 Pine bay (Eleocharis acicularis) is a plant of the genus Cyperaceae Eleocharis, and is widely grown throughout Japan. Variety of Chishimamatsubai which is naturally grown in eastern Japan is also included. You can use native species from the area, but you can also plant West Japan strains that are easy to grow.
このマツバイは放射性セシウムで汚染された環境でも生育し、しかも放射性セシウムを多量に吸収・蓄積することを見出した。 It was found that this pine tree grows in an environment contaminated with radioactive cesium and absorbs and accumulates a large amount of radioactive cesium.
福島県郡山市にある福島県農業総合センター内の水田に自生するマツバイの調査結果について説明する。水田土壌の放射能は３８００Ｂｑ／ｋｇであった。平成２３年８月１１日に採取し、８ｇのサンプルを８月２２日に測定した。測定方法は、（財）九州環境管理協会によるゲルマニウム半導体検出器によるγ線測定に基く測定である。この測定方法によるそのときの検出下限値はセシウム１３４とセシウム１３７についてそれぞれ８０Ｂｑ／ｋｇである。 Explain the results of a survey of pine trees growing in paddy fields in the Fukushima Agricultural Research Center in Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture. The radioactivity of the paddy field soil was 3800 Bq / kg. It was collected on August 11, 2011, and an 8 g sample was measured on August 22. The measurement method is a measurement based on a gamma ray measurement by a germanium semiconductor detector by the Kyushu Environmental Management Association. The lower limit of detection at that time by this measuring method is 80 Bq / kg for cesium 134 and cesium 137, respectively.
測定結果は、セシウム１３４が２５２０Ｂｑ／ｋｇ、セシウム１３７が３０９０Ｂｑ／ｋｇであり、その合計が５６１０Ｂｑ／ｋｇである。これはヒマワリについて報告された５２Ｂｑ／ｋｇを大きく上回る値である。さらに、土壌の濃度をも上回っており、濃縮効果があることがわかる。ここで、この測定は乾燥させていない植物体について行われている。乾燥させることによって重量は１０分の１以下となり、放射性廃棄物の総量を大きく減少させることができる。 The measurement results are 2520 Bq / kg for cesium 134, 3090 Bq / kg for cesium 137, and the total is 5610 Bq / kg. This is well above the 52 Bq / kg reported for sunflower. Furthermore, the concentration of the soil is higher than that of the soil. Here, this measurement is carried out on plants that have not been dried. By drying, the weight becomes 1/10 or less, and the total amount of radioactive waste can be greatly reduced.
この発明の第１の実施例について説明する。実施場所は前述の福島県農業総合センター内の水田である。愛媛県松山市に自生しているマツバイを採取し、それを水田の土壌に直に植え付けた。平成２３年８月１１日に植え付け、一定期間の育成後、９月９日にサンプルを採取した。植え付け前のマツバイおよび育成後のマツバイについてそれぞれ放射性セシウム濃度について測定した。測定方法は、前述の（財）九州環境管理協会によるゲルマニウム半導体検出器によるγ線測定での測定である。 A first embodiment of the present invention will be described. The place of implementation is the paddy field in the Fukushima Agricultural Research Center. We collected pine pine grown in Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture, and planted it directly on the paddy soil. Planted on August 11, 2011, and after a certain period of growth, a sample was collected on September 9. The concentration of radioactive cesium was measured for pine trees before planting and pine trees after cultivation. The measurement method is a measurement by γ-ray measurement with a germanium semiconductor detector by the Kyushu Environmental Management Association.
まず、植え付け前のマツバイの放射性セシウム濃度について測定したところ、セシウム１３４とセシウム１３７のいずれも検出されなかった。 First, when measuring about the radioactive cesium density | concentration of the pineapple before planting, neither cesium 134 nor cesium 137 was detected.
一方、育成後のマツバイでは、セシウム１３４が４３６Ｂｑ／ｋｇ、セシウム１３７が６３５Ｂｑ／ｋｇであり、その合計が１０７１Ｂｑ／ｋｇである。わずかな栽培期間であるが、ヒマワリについて報告された５２Ｂｑ／ｋｇを大きく上回る値である。この松山市のマツバイは福島県郡山市の自生種に比べて大きく成長するので、除染能力が向上する。 On the other hand, in the grown pine trees, cesium 134 is 436 Bq / kg, cesium 137 is 635 Bq / kg, and the total is 1071 Bq / kg. Although it is a short cultivation period, it is a value far exceeding the 52 Bq / kg reported for sunflower. This Matsuyama city's pine bay grows larger than the native species in Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture, so the decontamination ability is improved.
この発明の第２の実施例について説明する。実施された場所と時期は第１の実施例と同じである。この例では、マツバイを透水性の容器に入れ、この容器を水中に設置した。容器は、縦横それぞれ約３０ｃｍ、高さ約１０ｃｍの箱状のプラスチックのコンテナであり、側面および底面は網目状になっており、水の出入りが自由になっている。 A second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The place and time of implementation are the same as in the first embodiment. In this example, the pine cone was placed in a water permeable container and the container was placed in water. The container is a box-shaped plastic container of about 30 cm in length and width, and about 10 cm in height, and the side and bottom are mesh-like, allowing water to enter and exit freely.
この実施例で採取されたマツバイでは、セシウム１３４が１０５Ｂｑ／ｋｇ、セシウム１３７が１１９Ｂｑ／ｋｇであり、その合計が２２４Ｂｑ／ｋｇである。やはり、ヒマワリの報告例を上回っている。 In the pine trees collected in this example, cesium 134 is 105 Bq / kg, cesium 137 is 119 Bq / kg, and the total is 224 Bq / kg. After all, it exceeds the sunflower report example.
植え付けは、コンテナ容器を水田の中に置いていくだけで行われるので、短時間で終了する。マツバイの採取も容器を回収することにより、短時間で実施できる。したがって、作業に伴う被爆量が小さくなり、放射線量が多い環境でも安全に実施できる。 Planting is done by simply placing the container in the paddy field, so it can be completed in a short time. The collection of pine bai can be carried out in a short time by collecting the container. Therefore, the exposure dose associated with the work is reduced, and it can be safely performed even in an environment with a large radiation dose.
この実施例のコンテナ容器によるマツバイの植え付け・栽培は水の多い環境においても適用できる。マツバイは水中のセシウムも効果的に吸収することができる。容器内に入れられることにより、マツバイは水に流されなくなる。 The planting / cultivation of pine bai with the container container of this embodiment can be applied even in a watery environment. Matsubai can also effectively absorb cesium in water. By being placed in the container, the pineapple is not washed away into the water.
水田のように水深が浅く水が比較的透明な環境では、容器を底に着くように設置することができる。一方、水深が深く水が濁っている場合は、マツバイが沈んでしまうと光が届かず、十分に光合成ができなくなる。そこで、空のペットボトルなど浮きとして容器に取り付け、水に浮いた状態で設置することが好ましい。 In an environment where the water depth is shallow and water is relatively transparent, such as paddy fields, the container can be installed to reach the bottom. On the other hand, when the water depth is deep and the water is cloudy, when the pine trees sink, the light does not reach and photosynthesis cannot be performed sufficiently. Therefore, it is preferable that the empty plastic bottle is attached to the container as a float and installed in a state of floating in water.
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