JP6138366B2 - アリルジスルフィド含有付加開裂オリゴマー - Google Patents
アリルジスルフィド含有付加開裂オリゴマー Download PDFInfo
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- JP6138366B2 JP6138366B2 JP2016524090A JP2016524090A JP6138366B2 JP 6138366 B2 JP6138366 B2 JP 6138366B2 JP 2016524090 A JP2016524090 A JP 2016524090A JP 2016524090 A JP2016524090 A JP 2016524090A JP 6138366 B2 JP6138366 B2 JP 6138366B2
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- acrylate
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C08F230/085—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon the monomer being a polymerisable silane, e.g. (meth)acryloyloxy trialkoxy silanes or vinyl trialkoxysilanes
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Description
本開示は、低応力重合性組成物において使用するための、新規の付加開裂オリゴマーを提供する。フリーラジカル重合は、典型的には、モノマーがポリマーに変換されるため、体積の減少を伴う。体積が収縮することにより、硬化された組成物において応力が発生するが、それによって、微小な亀裂が生じたり変形が起こったりする。硬化された組成物と基材との間の界面に伝達された応力は、接着不良の原因となる場合があり、かつ硬化された組成物の耐久性に影響する場合がある。
付加開裂架橋オリゴマーは、歯科修復材、薄膜、ハードコート、コンポジット、接着剤、及び応力低減の対象となるその他の用途において利用される、新規の応力低減架橋オリゴマーを提供する。更に、架橋の付加開裂プロセスによって、更に官能化され得る新規ポリマーを提供する連鎖移動事象が生じる。
[式中、
RAは、(ヘテロ)ヒドロカルビル基であり、
RBは、それぞれ独立に、(ヘテロ)ヒドロカルビル基であり、
RCは、それぞれ独立に、(ヘテロ)ヒドロカルビル基であり、
下付き文字xは、1より大きく、好ましくは2〜20であり、最も好ましくは2〜10であり、
FG1、FG2、及びFG3はそれぞれ独立に、上記R基を接続する官能基であり、
Zは、エチレン性不飽和重合性基を含む。]
「(メタ)アクリロイル」は、アクリロイル基及びメタクリロイル基、すなわち、エステル及びアミドの両方を含み、
「硬化性」又は「重合性」とは、組成物が、フリーラジカル重合化、化学的架橋、放射線架橋等によって、固体の、実質的に流動しない材料に転換され得ることを意味する。
「アルキル」は、直鎖状、分枝状、及び環状のアルキル基を含み、非置換及び置換アルキル基の両方を含む。別段の指示がない限り、アルキル基は、典型的には、1〜20個の炭素原子を含有する。本明細書において使用される場合、「アルキル」の例としては、メチル、エチル、n−プロピル、n−ブチル、n−ペンチル、イソブチル、t−ブチル、イソプロピル、n−オクチル、n−ヘプチル、エチルヘキシル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル、アダマンチル、及びノルボルニル等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。他にことわらない限り、アルキル基は、一価又は多価のもの、すなわち、一価アルキル又は多価アルキレンであり得る。
「ヘテロアルキル」は、直鎖状、分枝状、及び環状のアルキル基を含み、1つ又は2つ以上のヘテロ原子が独立して、S、O、及びNから選択され、非置換アルキル基と置換アルキル基の両方を含む。他にことわらない限り、ヘテロアルキル基は、典型的には、1〜20個の炭素原子を含有する。「ヘテロアルキル」は、下記の「1つ又は2つ以上のS、N、O、P、又はSi原子を含有するヒドロカルビル」の部分集合である。本明細書で使用される場合、「ヘテロアルキル」の例としては、メトキシ、エトキシ、プロポキシ、3,6−ジオキサヘプチル、3−(トリメチルシリル)−プロピル、4−ジメチルアミノブチル等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。他にことわらない限り、ヘテロアルキル基は、一価又は多価のもの、すなわち、一価ヘテロアルキル又は多価ヘテロアルキレンであり得る。
「アリール」は、5〜18個の環原子を含有する芳香族基であり、飽和、不飽和、又は芳香族であり得る縮合環を場合により含有することができる。アリール基の例としては、フェニル、ナフチル、ビフェニル、フェナンスリル、及びアントラシルが挙げられる。ヘテロアリールは、窒素、酸素、又は硫黄等の1〜3個のヘテロ原子を含有するアリールであり、縮合環を含有することができる。ヘテロアリール基のいくつかの例は、ピリジル、フラニル、ピロリル、チエニル、チアゾリル、オキサゾリル、イミダゾリル、インドリル、ベンゾフラニル、及びベンゾチアゾリルである。他にことわらない限り、アリール基及びヘテロアリール基は、一価又は多価のもの、すなわち一価アリール又は多価アリーレンであり得る。
「(ヘテロ)ヒドロカルビル」は、ヒドロカルビルアルキル及びアリール基、並びにヘテロヒドロカルビルヘテロアルキル及びヘテロアリール基を含み、後者は、エーテル基、チア基、又はアミノ基のような、1つ又はそれより多くのカテナリー(鎖状)ヘテロ原子を含む。ヘテロヒドロカルビルは、エステル、アミド、尿素、ウレタン、及びカーボネート官能基を含む1つ又はそれより多くのカテナリー(鎖状)官能基を、場合により含有し得る。他にことわらない限り、非ポリマー(ヘテロ)ヒドロカルビル基は、典型的には、1〜60個の炭素原子を含有する。本明細書において使用される場合、ヘテロヒドロカルビルのいくつかの例としては、上記の「アルキル」、「ヘテロアルキル」、「アリール」、及び「ヘテロアリール」について記載されたものに加えて、メトキシ、エトキシ、プロポキシ、4−ジフェニルアミノブチル、2−(2’−フェノキシエトキシ)エチル、3,6−ジオキサヘプチル、3,6−ジオキサヘキシル−6−フェニル、が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
本開示は、下記の一般式の付加開裂オリゴマーを提供する:
[式中、
RAは、(ヘテロ)ヒドロカルビル基であり、
RBは、それぞれ独立に、(ヘテロ)ヒドロカルビル基であり、
RCは、それぞれ独立に、(ヘテロ)ヒドロカルビル基であり、
FG1、FG2、及びFG3はそれぞれ独立に、上記R基を接続する官能基であり、
下付き文字aは、1より大きく、好ましくは2〜20であり、最も好ましくは2〜10であり、
Zは、エチレン性不飽和重合性基を含む。]
式Iの付加開裂オリゴマーは、下記式a)、b)、及びc)の化合物間の反応により調製され得る:
[式中、RAは(ヘテロ)ヒドロカルビル基であり、Y1は、求核性又は求電子性の官能基である。]
b)Y2−RB−Y2、 B
[式中、RBはそれぞれ独立に、(ヘテロ)ヒドロカルビル基であり、Y2は、Y1基と共反応性の求核性又は求電子性官能基である。]
c)Z−RC−Y3、 C
[式中、RCはそれぞれ独立に(ヘテロ)ヒドロカルビル基であり、Y3は、Y2基と共反応性の、求核性又は求電子性官能基である。]
[式中、
RAは、(ヘテロ)ヒドロカルビル基であり、
RBは、それぞれ独立に、(ヘテロ)ヒドロカルビル基であり、
FG1は、図中のRA基とRB基とを接続する官能基であり、
下付き文字aは、1より大きく、好ましくは2〜20であり、最も好ましくは2〜10であり、かつY2は、求核性又は求電子性官能基である。]
の1の不飽和化合物と反応する。
[式中、
Y3は、化合物Bの官能基Y2と共反応性の官能基であり、R4は水素、C1〜C4のアルキル基であり、RCは、エチレン性不飽和基を反応性官能基Y3に結合する二価の(ヘテロ)ヒドロカルビル連結基であり、X1は、−O−又は−NR4−である。]
本開示は、式Iの付加開裂オリゴマーと、(メタ)アクリレートホモポリマー及びコポリマーを生成するための、アクリレートエステル、アミド、及び酸を含む(メタ)アクリロイルモノマーなどの少なくとも1つの重合性モノマーとを含む重合性組成物を更に提供する。一般に、式Iの付加開裂剤は、モノマーの合計を100重量部としたとき、好ましくは0.1〜20重量部、より好ましくは0.1〜10重量部、最も好ましくは0.1〜5重量部の量で用いられる。
i.最大で100重量部、好ましくは85〜99.5重量部の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル;
ii.0〜15重量部、好ましくは0.5〜15重量部の酸官能性エチレン性不飽和モノマー;
iii.0〜15重量部の非酸官能性エチレン性不飽和極性モノマー;
iv.0〜5重量部のビニルモノマー;
v.i〜ivに対して、0〜100重量部の多官能性(メタ)アクリレート;
vi.0〜5重量部の重合性光開始剤を含むが、
ただし上の量は、モノマーの合計を100重量部とした場合である。
一部の実施形態においては、架橋性組成物は、充填剤を含んでもよい。一部の実施形態においては、重合性組成物の全重量に対して、充填剤の合計量は最大で90重量%、好ましくは最大で50重量%、より好ましくは最大で30重量%である。充填剤は、当該技術分野において既知の多様な材料のうちの1つ又はそれ以上から選択されてよく、有機充填剤及び無機充填剤が挙げられる。無機充填剤粒子としては、シリカ、サブミクロンのシリカ、ジルコニア、サブミクロンのジルコニア、及び米国特許第4,503,169号(Randklev)に記載される種類の非ガラス質マイクロ粒子が挙げられる。
0.1〜10重量%の、式Iの付加開裂オリゴマー;
20〜80重量%の多官能性(メタ)アクリレートモノマー及び/又は多官能性(メタ)アクリレートオリゴマー;
0〜25重量%の範囲の(メタ)アクリレート希釈剤、(0〜25重量%);
並びに20〜75重量%のシリカを含み得る。重量は、官能化しているか否かに関わらず、シリカ自体に照らして変動する。
「歯科用物品」は、歯牙構造又は歯科インプラントに接着され得る(例えば、結合され得る)物品を指す。歯科用物品としては、例えば、クラウン、ブリッジ、ベニア、インレー、オンレー、充填材、歯列矯正用装具及び装置が挙げられる。
[式中R7は、直鎖状、分枝状、又は環状のアルキレン、アリーレン、又はアルカリーレンを含み、更に場合によりヘテロ原子(例えば、酸素、窒素、又は硫黄)を含む(ヘテロ)ヒドロカルビル基であり、R4は、水素又はC1〜C4のアルキルであり、R8は、ウレタン、エステル、チオエステル、エーテル、又はチオエーテル、及びそのような部分を組み合わせたものから選択される少なくとも1つの部分を含む、アルキレン、アリーレン、又はアルカリーレン連結基を含むヘテロヒドロカルビル基であり、かつ、R9基の少なくとも1つは
典型的には、少なくとも5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、又は9重量%の多官能性エチレン性不飽和イソシアヌレート樹脂を含む。充填された歯科用硬化性(すなわち、重合性)組成物のイソシアヌレート樹脂の全量は、典型的には、20重量%、又は19重量%、又は18重量%、又は17重量%、又は16重量%、又は15重量%以下である。
[式中、それぞれのX1は、独立して、−O−又は−NR4−であり(式中、R4は、H又はC1〜C4アルキルである)、
D及びEは、それぞれ独立して、有機基を表し、R12は、−C(O)C(CH3)=CH2、かつ/又はp=0を表し、R12はH、−C(O)CH=CH2、又は−C(O)C(CH3)=CH2,を表し、ただし少なくとも1つのR12は(メタ)アクリレートであり;それぞれのmは、1〜5であり;p及びqは独立して、0又は1である。]この材料は、ビスフェノールAの誘導体であるが、イソシアヌレート及び/又はトリシクロデカンモノマーなどの他の低体積収縮モノマーが用いられるとき、歯科用組成物は、ビスフェノールA由来の(メタ)アクリレートモノマーを含まない。このような樹脂は、国際特許公開第2008/082881号(Abuelyamanら)に記載されている。
[式中、R14は、飽和若しくは不飽和脂肪族、又は1個〜10個の炭素原子を有する脂環式炭化水素ラジカルであり、1つ又はそれ以上の酸素及び/又は硫黄原子で中断させられ得るものであり、かつ1つ又はそれ以上のエステル、カルボニル、アミド及び/又はウレタン基を含有することができるものであり、あるいは6個〜18個の炭素原子を有する芳香族又はヘテロ芳香族炭化水素ラジカルであり、その炭化水素ラジカルは置換又は非置換であることが可能であり;R15は、R14に対して与えられる意味合いのうちの1つを有するか、又は存在せず;R16は、R14に対して与えられる意味合いのうちの1つを有するか、又は存在せず;R17は、−(CHR19)n−、−W−CO−NH−(CHR19)n−、−Y−CO−NH−R18−、−(CHR19)n、−SR18−、−CO−O−R18−、と等しいか、又は存在しないかであり、ここでnは1〜4と等しく、R19は、水素、C1〜C10のアルキル、又はC6〜C10のアリールであり、R18は、R14に対して与えられる意味合いのうちの1つを有し、かつWは、O又はS原子、若しくは存在せず;なお、R18及びR19は置換又は非置換であることが可能であり;R20は、加水分解性の基であり;d、e、f、及びxは、それぞれ互いに独立して、1、2、又は3であり;かつ、d+xの合計は、2〜4である。]
a)少なくとも2つの重合性エチレン性不飽和基を含む歯科用硬化性樹脂を15〜30重量%;
b)無機充填剤、好ましくは、表面改質充填剤を70〜85重量%;
c)付加開裂オリゴマーを、上のアイテムa)及びb)の合計重量を100部とした場合に0.1〜10重量部含み、前記硬化性組成物が、開始剤と、2%未満の安定化剤、顔料等を更に含む汎用修復コンポジットである。
a)少なくとも2つの重合性エチレン性不飽和基を含む硬化性歯科用樹脂を25〜50重量%;
b)無機充填剤、好ましくは、表面改質充填剤を30〜75重量%;
c)付加開裂オリゴマーを、上のアイテムa)及びb)の合計重量を100部とした場合に0.1〜10重量部含み、硬化性組成物が、開始剤と、2%未満の、応開始剤、安定化剤、顔料等とを更に含む汎用修復コンポジットである。
a)イタコン酸のようなアクリル酸を含む、部分的に(メタ)アクリレート化されたポリ(メタ)アクリル酸を10〜25重量%;
b)ヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリレートを5〜20重量%;
c)フルオロアルミノシリケート(FAS)酸反応性ガラスを30〜60重量%;
d)好ましくは表面処理された非酸反応性充填剤を0〜20重量%;
e)水を10〜20重量%;及び
f)付加開裂オリゴマーを、a)及びb)の合計重量を100部とした場合、0.1〜10重量%含み、
g)前記硬化性組成物が、開始剤と、2重量%未満の安定化剤、顔料等を更に含む、修復用(流動)コンポジットである。
a)モノ(メタ)アクリレートモノマーを30〜80重量%;
b)ポリ官能性(メタ)アクリレートモノマーを1〜10重量%;
c)酸官能性基(リン酸、ホスホン酸、カルボン酸、スルホン酸を含むもの)を有するモノマーを5〜60重量%;
d)ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸メタアクリレートモノマーを0〜10重量%、好ましくは1〜10重量%;
e)付加開裂オリゴマーを、a)〜d)の総重量を100部とした場合、0.1〜10重量%;
f)開始剤;
g)無機充填剤、好ましくは表面改質したものを、a)〜d)の総重量を100部とした場合、0〜30重量%;
h)溶媒を、a)〜d)の総重量を100部とした場合、0〜25重量%;
i)水を、a)〜d)の総重量を100部とした場合、0〜25重量%;及び
2%未満の安定剤、色素等を含む、歯科用接着剤である。
ブロムフェノールブルーを、Sigma Aldrich社(米国ミズーリ州、St.Louis)から入手した。
ビスGMA(2,2−ビス[4−(2−ヒドロキシ−3−メタクリロイルオキシ−プロポキシ)フェニル]プロパン)、「CPQ」(カンファキノン)、「DPIPF6」(ジフェニルヨードニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート)、「EDMAB」(エチル4−N,N−ジメチルアミノベンゾエート)、及びYbF3(イッテルビウム(III)フルオリド)を、Sigma Aldrich社(米国ミズーリ州、St.Louis)から入手した。
核磁気共鳴スペクトル(プロトン−1H NMR;炭素−13C NMR;リン−31P NMR)を、NMRスペクトロメーター(Bruker社(マサチューセッツ州、Billerica)製UltraShield(商標)Plus 400MHz NMRスペクトロメーター)を用いて分析し、記録した。
アリルジスルフィド含有オリゴマーの調製に用いられる2−メチレンプロパン−1,3−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチルスルフィド)材料を、米国特許出願公開第2012/0295228 A1号(Abuelyamanら;特に段落[0113]を参照)に記載のようにして調製した。
電磁式攪拌機、冷却器、及び加熱マントルを装着した、容量100mLの丸底フラスコに、イソホロンジイソシアネート(2.22g、40.0ミリモル)、2−メチレンプロパン−1,3−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチルスルフィド)(1.04g、20.0ミリモル、上の予備実施例1のようにして調整したもの)、メチルエチルケトン(9.78g)、及びジブチルスズジラウレート(1滴のジブチルスズジラウレートが5滴のメチルエチルケトンに含有されている溶液を1滴、約3mg、0.005ミリモルのジブチルスズジラウレート)を入れた。溶液を、4時間にわたり還流させながら加熱してから、アリコートを取り出して、次のようにしてイソシアネート当量を測定した:
混合生成物のサンプル0.82gを、メチルエチルケトン5mLに溶かし、ジブチルアミンがモル濃度6.88でメチルエチルケトンに溶解している溶液10mLを、ホールピペットを用いて加え、得られた溶液を室温で20分間にわたり撹拌した。ここで、メタノール10mLとブロムフェノールブルー指示薬溶液(ブロムフェノールブルー50mgを水50mLに溶かして調整したもの)を5滴加え、2.81mLのモル濃度1.0の塩酸水溶液で、黄色になるまで溶液を滴定した。この滴定値は、イソシアネート当量327に相当する。このイソシアネート末端物質の理論上のヒドロキシル当量は、326である。
5.96gの反応混合液(1.49gの固形分に相当、すなわち4.56ミリグラム当量のNCO基が、予備実施例2のイソシアネート末端オリゴマーに混ざっている)に対して、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタアクリレート(HEMA)を加え、得られた溶液を4時間にわたり、還流しながら加熱した。次に反応混合液を室温まで冷やし、減圧下で溶媒を取り除き、白色の発泡体としてメタアクリレート末端オリゴマー(「予備3」)を得た(その構造は、NMR分析により確認された)。
Claims (9)
- RA、RB、及びRCが、それぞれ独立に、2〜10個の炭素原子のアルキレンである、請求項1に記載の付加開裂オリゴマーからなる付加開裂剤。
- Z−RC−が、H2C=CH−CH2−O−C3H6−、H2C=CH−CH2−C6H12−、H2C=CH−シクロ−C6H10−、H2C=CH−フェニル−、H2C=C(CH3)C(O)−O−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2−、H2C=C(CH3)C(O)−O−CH2−CH(O−(O)C(CH3)=CH2)−CH2−、H2C=C(CH3)C(O)−O−CH(CH2OPh)−CH2−、H2C=C(CH3)C(O)−O−CH2CH2−N(H)−C(O)−O−CH(CH2OPh)−CH2−、H2C=C(CH3)C(O)−O−CH2−CH(O−(O)C−N(H)−CH2CH2−O−(O)C(CH3)C=CH2)−CH2−、H2C=C(H)C(O)−O−(CH2)4−O−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2−、H2C=C(CH3)C(O)−O−CH2−CH(O−(O)C−N(H)−CH2CH2−O−(O)C(CH3)C=CH2)−CH2−、CH3−(CH2)7−CH(O−(O)C−N(H)−CH2CH2−O−(O)C(CH3)C=CH2)−CH2−、H2C=C(H)C(O)−O−(CH2)4−O−CH2−CH(−O−(O)C(H)=CH2)−CH2−及びH2C=C(H)C(O)−O−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2−、H2C=C(H)C(O)−O−(CH2)4−O−CH2−CH(−O−(O)C(H)=CH2)−CH2−並びにCH3−(CH2)7−CH(O−(O)C−N(H)−CH2CH2−O−(O)C(CH3)C=CH2)−CH2−から選択される、請求項1に記載の付加開裂オリゴマーからなる付加開裂剤。
- 請求項1に記載の付加開裂オリゴマー又は請求項2若しくは3に記載の付加開裂剤と、少なくとも1つのフリーラジカル重合性モノマーと、開始剤と、を含む重合性組成物。
- a)85〜100重量部の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、
b)0〜15重量部の酸官能性エチレン性不飽和モノマー、
c)0〜10重量部の非酸官能性エチレン性不飽和極性モノマー、
d)0〜5重量部のビニルモノマー、及び、
e)a)〜d)のモノマーの合計100重量部を基準として、0〜100重量部の多官能性(メタ)アクリレート、及び、
f)100重量部のa)〜e)を基準として、0.1〜20重量部の付加開裂オリゴマー、及び、
g)開始剤、
を含む、請求項5に記載の重合性組成物。 - 0.01〜100重量部の多官能性(メタ)アクリレートを更に含む、請求項6に記載の重合性組成物。
- 強靭化剤を更に含む、請求項5〜7のいずれか一項に記載の重合性組成物。
- 請求項5〜8のいずれか一項に記載の重合性組成物の層を基材上に備える物品。
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