JP6127264B2 - Heat exchange element and heat exchange type ventilation equipment using it - Google Patents

Description

   The present invention is used in a cold district or the like, and a heat exchange element for exchanging heat between an exhaust flow for exhausting indoor air to the outside and a supply air flow for supplying outdoor air to the interior, and heat using the heat exchange element The present invention relates to a replaceable ventilation device.

   This type of heat exchange type ventilator is adjacent in the flow path in the heat exchanger in which a warm exhaust flow from the room flows when the outdoor temperature becomes low, for example, −10 ° C. or lower in winter. Condensation / freezing and clogging occur due to the cold supply air flowing from the outside through the air flow path, but in conventional heat exchange ventilators, this clogging due to condensation and icing is caused by shutdown. The structure which prevents was taken (for example, refer patent document 1).

   Hereinafter, the heat exchange type ventilation apparatus shown in Patent Document 1 will be described with reference to FIG.

   The heat exchanger unit 101 exchanges heat between indoor air and outdoor air. As shown in FIG. 5, the heat exchanger unit 101 exhausts heat from the heat exchanger 102, indoor air to the outside, and supplies the exhaust air passage 103 that passes through the heat exchanger 102 and the outdoor air to the room. An air supply path 104 that passes through the heat exchanger 102, an exhaust fan 105 that is incorporated in the exhaust path 103, an air supply fan 106 that is incorporated in the air supply path 104, and a temperature sensor 107 that detects the outside air temperature of the outdoor air. And a control unit that controls the operation of the exhaust fan 105 and the supply fan 106 according to the outside air temperature detected by the temperature sensor 107.

   And the control part of the heat exchanger unit 101 performs two freezing suppression controls according to outside air temperature, in order to suppress that the heat exchanger 102 freezes, when outside temperature falls below -10 degreeC. These two freeze suppression controls are a first freeze suppression control and a second freeze suppression control.

   The first freezing suppression control is a control for suppressing freezing of the heat exchanger 102 when the outside air temperature falls below −10 ° C., and the exhaust fan 105 is always operated and the operation of the air supply fan 106 is performed for 60 minutes. Repeat the operation to pause for the first 15 minutes.

   The second freezing suppression control is a control that suppresses freezing of the heat exchanger 102 more strongly than the first freezing suppression control when the outside air temperature falls below −15 ° C., and the exhaust fan 105 and the supply fan 106 are controlled. Perform intermittent operation. In the second freezing suppression control, the exhaust fan 105 and the air supply fan 106 are paused for 60 minutes and then restarted for 5 minutes.

JP 2003-148780 A

   In such a conventional heat exchange type ventilator, when the outdoor temperature becomes low in winter, the warm exhaust flow is cooled to the adjacent low-temperature air supply air in the exhaust path inside the heat exchange element, causing condensation and icing. However, in response to the problem that the exhaust path is clogged, the operation is stopped for a predetermined time.

   For this reason, for example, if only the air supply is stopped, the room becomes negative pressure and the air outside the room flows in through the gaps between the buildings, causing cold drafts and condensation in the indoor space, stopping both supply and exhaust When it did, it had the subject that it became difficult to ensure the indoor ventilation required.

   Accordingly, the present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and prevents clogging of the exhaust path and secures the necessary indoor ventilation volume under conditions where condensation and icing occur inside the heat exchange element, such as in a cold district. It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat exchange element capable of extending the continuous operation time and a heat exchange type ventilator using the heat exchange element.

In order to achieve this object, the present invention includes a plurality of heat transfer plates each having a plurality of heat transfer plates provided with a plurality of air path ribs provided at substantially equal intervals in parallel with the interval holding means. Exhaust air passages and supply air passages are alternately formed one layer at a time, and an exhaust flow flowing through the exhaust air passage and a supply air flow flowing through the supply air passage are both ends of the exhaust air passage and the supply air passage A heat exchange element that intersects at right angles or obliquely and is opposed to the central portion between the two end portions, and closes the air path closest to the inlet side of the exhaust flow in the supply air path in the central portion. and characterized in the that in, thereby is to achieve the intended purpose.

   According to the present invention, a plurality of heat transfer means provided with a gap holding means for holding a gap are stacked to alternately constitute the exhaust air passage and the supply air passage one layer at a time, and the exhaust flow flowing through the exhaust air passage And the air supply air flowing through the supply air passage are orthogonal to or obliquely crossed at both ends of the exhaust air passage and the supply air passage, and are opposed to each other at a central portion between both ends, In the air supply air passage in the central portion, the air passage closest to the inlet side of the exhaust air flow is closed, so that the exhaust air flow and the air supply air flow are heated in the counterflow portion in the central portion of the exhaust air passage. The effect that frost formation in the exhaust air passage can be suppressed without replacement is obtained.

   That is, in the airflow path closest to the inlet side of the supply airflow that is most likely to form frost in the exhaust airflow path, heat is not exchanged in the counterflow portion in the center, so that the exhaust flow does not lower the temperature of this counterflow portion. Can pass through.

   By eliminating the temperature drop in the counter flow part, even if there is a temperature drop in the cross flow part that exchanges heat with the supply airflow, the total temperature drop at the outlet of the exhaust flow can be suppressed. Since frost formation can be suppressed and the outside air temperature at which frost formation starts can be lowered, it is possible to obtain an effect that it is possible to lengthen the continuous operation time in which the necessary indoor ventilation amount can be secured as a result.

The conceptual diagram which shows the structure of the house in which the heat exchange type | mold ventilation apparatus of Embodiment 1 of this invention was installed Conceptual diagram showing the configuration of the heat exchange type ventilation equipment A perspective view showing a configuration of the heat exchange element (A) Plan view of the exhaust unit constituting the exhaust air passage when the heat exchange element is disassembled, (b) Plan view of the air supply unit constituting the air supply air path when the heat exchange element is disassembled (A) The conceptual diagram which shows the normal state of the structure of the heat exchange type | mold ventilation apparatus of Embodiment 2 of this invention, (b) The air path closure of the structure of the heat exchange type | mold ventilation apparatus of Embodiment 2 of this invention Conceptual diagram showing the state of time (A) Plan view of the air supply unit that constitutes the air supply air path when the heat exchange element is disassembled, and (b) The air supply unit that constitutes the air supply air path when the heat exchange element is disassembled Top view when the airway is closed Conceptual diagram showing the configuration of a conventional heat exchange ventilation device

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a two-story house in which a heat exchange type ventilation device is installed. As shown in FIG. 1, the house 1 is composed of a non-residential space that exhausts air only, such as a bathroom, a washroom, a toilet, and a residential space that supplies and exhausts air, such as a living room and a bedroom.

   Exhaust air and air supply in each room are connected by a duct and connected to a heat exchange type ventilator 2. The heat exchange type ventilator 2 exchanges heat between the exhaust air flow to the outside and the air supply air flow from the outside. The element 3 (described in FIG. 2) is incorporated.

   FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a configuration of the heat exchange type ventilation device 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the heat exchange type ventilator 2 includes an exhaust air flow path 4 a for the exhaust flow 4, an air supply air flow path 5 a for the air flow 5, an exhaust air blowing means 6 for blowing the exhaust flow 4, and the air flow 5. And a heat exchange element 3 for exchanging heat between the exhaust flow 4 and the supply air flow 5.

   In the air flow path of the exhaust flow 4 (solid line arrow in the figure) and the supply airflow 5 (broken line arrow in the figure), the air flow from the inside air port 8 for introducing the inside air (RA) to the exhaust port 9 for exhausting (EA) to the outside is provided. Exhaust air passage 4a, an air supply passage 5a from the outside air port 10 for introducing outside air (OA) to the air supply port 11 for blowing air supply (SA) into the room, and an exhaust air port from the inside air port 8 to the exhaust air passage 4a Exhaust air blowing means 6 for generating an exhaust flow 4 directed to 9, an air supply air blowing means 7 for generating a supply air flow 5 from the outside air port 10 to the air supply port 11 in the air supply air passage 5a, and an air supply air passage 4a. A heat exchange element 3 that exchanges heat between the exhaust air flow 4 that flows through the exhaust air passage 4a and the air supply air flow 5 that flows through the air supply air passage 5a is provided at a position where the air air passage 5a intersects.

   Here, the configuration of the heat exchange element 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. In the following, the exhaust air passage 4a in the heat exchange element 3 is the exhaust air passage 14, the air supply air passage 5a is the air supply air passage 15, the inlet of the exhaust flow 4 of the heat exchange element 3 is the inner air outlet 8a, and the outlet is exhausted. The inlet 9a and the inlet of the supply airflow 5 will be described as the outside inlet 10a, and the outlet will be described as the inlet 11a.

   FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the heat exchange element 3, and FIG. 4 (a) is a view of heat transfer in which the ribs constituting the exhaust air passage when the heat exchange element 3 is disassembled and the heat transfer plate 16 are combined. FIG. 4B is a plan view of the exhaust unit 12 serving as a means, and FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating a heat supply means serving as a heat transfer means in which ribs constituting the air supply air passage when the heat exchange element 3 is disassembled and the heat transfer plate 16 are combined. 4 is a plan view of the air unit 13, and the heat exchange element 3 shown in FIG. 3 has a configuration in which a plurality of exhaust units 12 and air supply units 13 shown in FIG. 4 are alternately stacked.

   As shown in FIG. 4, the outer shape of the exhaust unit 12 and the air supply unit 13 is substantially hexagonal.

   As shown in FIG. 4 (a), spacing ribs 12a and 12b are provided on the outer periphery of the exhaust unit 12 other than the opposing sides that form the inside air port 8a and the exhaust port 9a, as space holding means for holding the space. ing.

   The exhaust unit 12 includes six air passage ribs 12c that divide the air passage.

   Similarly, as shown in FIG. 4B, on the outer periphery of the air supply unit 13 other than the opposing sides forming the outside air port 10a and the air supply port 11a, the interval rib 13a as an interval holding means for holding an interval is provided. , 13b are provided.

   The air supply unit 13 includes six air passage ribs 13c that divide the air passage.

   By alternately stacking the exhaust units 12 and the air supply units 13 as described above, the heat exchange element 3 is configured by alternately arranging the exhaust air passages 14 and the air supply air passages 15 one by one. The number of layers is determined by the size and air volume of the heat exchange type ventilation device 2 on which the heat exchange element 3 is mounted.

   Further, as shown in FIG. 4A, the exhaust air passage 14 is divided into seven exhaust air passages 14a to 14g by six air passage ribs 12c.

   Similarly, as shown in FIG. 4B, the air supply air passage 15 is divided into seven air supply air passages 15a to 15g by six air passage ribs 13c.

   The heat transfer plate 16 has a role of exchanging heat between the exhaust flow 4 and the supply air flow 5. When only the temperature is exchanged, a metal plate such as aluminum or a resin plate is used for the heat transfer plate 16, and the temperature and When the humidity is exchanged, a moisture permeable film such as paper or resin is used for the heat transfer plate 16 and may be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

   The spacing ribs 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b are made of resin or metal. In particular, when the heat transfer plate 16 is a moisture permeable film, the spacing ribs 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b are preferably formed by integral molding by inserting the heat transfer plate 16 into a mold and insert injection molding with resin.

   As shown in FIG. 4, the exhaust air flow 4 flowing through the exhaust air passage 14 and the air supply air flow 5 flowing through the air supply air passage 15 are both ends of the exhaust air passage 14 and the air supply air passage 15 (B portion in FIG. 4 and In part D: omitted hereinafter, the heat exchange elements are orthogonal or oblique and face each other at the central part (part C in FIG. 4: omitted hereinafter) between both ends.

   In addition, both ends in this specification indicate the range of the B part and the D part in FIG. 4, and the central part indicates the C part in FIG. The central exhaust air passage 14 and the air supply air passage 15 have a waveform in parallel, and the waveforms are formed in opposite directions for each layer.

   The heat exchange element 3 according to the first embodiment is configured as shown in FIG. 4A except for a portion constituting the exhaust air passage 14g of the air passage rib 12c and a portion constituting the supply air passage 15g of the air passage rib 13c. The plan view of the unit 12 and the plan view of the air supply unit 13 of FIG. 4B are in a line-symmetric relationship with respect to the AA line.

   The operation and effect of the heat exchange type ventilation device 2 and the heat exchange element 3 configured as described above will be described below.

   When the ventilation operation is started in the heat exchange type ventilation device 2 installed in the house as shown in FIG. 1, the exhaust flow 4 introduces the inside air (RA) from the inside air port 8 by the operation of the exhaust air blowing means 6, When passing through the exhaust air passage 4a and passing through the exhaust air passage 14 of the heat exchange element 3, the heat exchange with the supply air flow 5 passing through the air supply air passage 15 of the heat exchange element 3 is performed and then discharged to the outside from the exhaust port 9. The

   On the other hand, the supply air flow 5 is heated when the supply air blowing means 7 operates to introduce outside air (OA) from the outside air port 10, pass through the supply air passage 5 a, and pass through the supply air passage 15 of the heat exchange element 3. After exchanging heat with the exhaust flow 4 passing through the exhaust air passage 14 of the exchange element 3, the air is supplied into the room from the air supply port 11.

   At this time, when the outdoor temperature becomes a low temperature such as −10 ° C. or less in winter, the air is passed from the outdoor to the adjacent supply air passage 15 in the heat exchange element 3 through which the warm exhaust flow 4 flows from the room. As the cool air supply flows, the vicinity of the exhaust port 9a of the exhaust air passage 14 is clogged with condensation and icing.

   Here, the means for suppressing the clogging and frost formation in the exhaust air passage 14, which is a feature of the present application, will be described again with reference to FIG.

   When the outdoor temperature becomes a low temperature such as −10 ° C. or lower in winter, the temperature of the exhaust stream 4 flowing through the exhaust air passage 14g closest to the outside air port 10a becomes the lowest. That is, frosting starts from the vicinity of the exhaust port 9a of the exhaust air passage 14g.

   In order to increase the temperature of the exhaust flow 4 flowing through the exhaust air passage 14g, as shown in FIG. 4B, the air supply air passage 15g is closed (shaded portion in the figure). For reference, a portion constituting a general normal supply air passage 15g of the air passage rib 13c is indicated by a broken line.

   With the above configuration, the supply air flow path 15g is a closed space, so the supply air flow 5 does not flow through the supply air flow path 15g. That is, the exhaust flow 4 flowing through the exhaust air passage 14g does not exchange heat with the supply air flow 5 because the supply air flow 5 does not flow through the central portion facing the supply air flow 5 and theoretically high in heat exchange efficiency. As a result, the temperature drop of the exhaust stream 4 is suppressed.

   As a result of analyzing the heat exchange element 3 of the first embodiment by thermal fluid analysis, it was confirmed that the minimum temperature of the exhaust flow 4 flowing through the exhaust air passage 14g was increased by about 3K as compared with the conventional heat exchange element. This result corresponds to the fact that the outside air temperature at which frost formation occurs is reduced by about 3K.

   In the present embodiment, the case where the heat transfer means is a hexagon has been described. However, the both ends are orthogonal or oblique, and are opposed to each other at the center between the both ends. But it has the same effect as above.

   As described above, since the supply air passage 15g closest to the inside air port 8a of the exhaust flow 4 is closed in the central supply air passage 15, the exhaust air flow in the counterflow portion in the center of the exhaust air passage 14g. 4 and the supply airflow 5 do not exchange heat, and an effect that frost formation in the exhaust air passage 14g can be suppressed can be obtained.

   That is, the exhaust flow 4 passes through the counterflow portion without lowering the temperature by not performing heat exchange in the counterflow portion in the central portion closest to the outside air port 10a that is most likely to form frost in the exhaust air passage 14. Can do.

   By eliminating the temperature drop in the counter flow part, even if there is a temperature drop in the cross flow part that exchanges heat with the supply air flow 5, the total temperature drop from the inside air port 8a to the exhaust port 9a of the exhaust stream 4 is suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress frost formation in the exhaust air passage and to reduce the outside air temperature at which frost formation occurs. As a result, it is possible to lengthen the continuous operation time that can secure the necessary ventilation amount in the room. An effect can be obtained.

(Embodiment 2)
The heat exchange type ventilator 17 of the second embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the heat exchange type ventilator 2 of the first embodiment, and is the same as the heat exchange type ventilator 2 of the first embodiment unless otherwise specified. The same names and symbols shall be used for the components.

   Hereinafter, the difference between the heat exchange type ventilator 17 of the second embodiment and the heat exchange type ventilator 2 of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of the heat exchange type ventilation device 17, and FIG. 6 is a plan view of the air supply unit 13 constituting the air supply air passage when the heat exchange element 18 of the second embodiment is disassembled.

   The exhaust unit 12 of the heat exchange element 18 has the same shape as the exhaust unit 12 of the heat exchange element 3 of the first embodiment. However, unlike the air supply unit 13 of the heat exchange element 3 of the first embodiment, the air supply unit 13 of the heat exchange element 18 has a shape that is line symmetrical with the exhaust unit 12.

   The heat exchange type ventilator 17 includes a damper 19 as a wind path closing means, and also includes a wind speed sensor 20 and a microcomputer 21 (not shown) as frost determination means.

   The damper 19 is installed on the outside air port 10 side of the heat exchange element 18 and is normally held in a state where the air passage of the heat exchange element 18 is not closed as shown in FIG.

   At this time, in the air supply unit 13 of the heat exchange element 18, the air supply airflow 5 flows through all of the air supply air passages 15a to 15g as shown in FIG. For this reason, the entire area of the heat transfer plate 16 excluding the portion of the air passage ribs 13c can be used for heat exchange, and high heat exchange efficiency can be realized.

   The wind speed sensor 20 is installed in the exhaust air blowing path 4a, detects the wind speed of the exhaust flow 4, and the microcomputer 21 receives the measured value. When the wind speed of the exhaust stream 4 detected by the wind speed sensor 20 becomes slower than normal, the microcomputer 21 determines that “there is frosting”, assuming that the air volume of the exhaust stream 4 has decreased. . Thus, when the wind speed sensor 20 detects a wind speed, it can be judged comparatively correctly whether frosting actually occurred.

   In addition, there is also a method of using a temperature sensor 22 (not shown) and the microcomputer 21 as frost formation determination means. In that case, when the temperature sensor 22 is provided in the air supply air passage 5a close to the outside air port 10 and the temperature of the air supply air flow 5 close to the outside air is measured and the temperature of the temperature sensor becomes a certain value, for example, −10 ° C. or less. The microcomputer 21 that receives the measurement value determines that “there is frost formation”. It can be predicted to some extent whether or not frosting occurs while the cost is suppressed by the temperature sensor 22 measuring the temperature of the supply airflow 5 close to the outside air.

   When the microcomputer 21 determines that “there is frost formation”, the microcomputer 21 gives an instruction to the damper 19, and the damper 19 is connected to the heat exchange element 18 as shown in FIGS. 5 (b) and 6 (b). In the supply air passage 15, the inlet of the supply air passage 15 g closest to the inlet side of the exhaust flow 4 is kept closed. By closing the inlet of the air supply air passage 15g, the air supply air flow 5 does not flow into the air supply air passage 15g, and the exhaust air flow 4 and the air supply air flow 5 do not exchange heat in the counterflow portion at the center of the exhaust air air passage 14g. The effect that frost formation in the exhaust air passage 14g can be suppressed can be obtained.

   As described above, the heat exchange type ventilator 17 according to the second embodiment can suppress frost formation in the exhaust air passage 14g by closing the inlet of the supply air passage 15g during frost formation. The entire area of the hot plate 16 can be used for heat exchange, and high heat exchange efficiency can be realized. By increasing the heat exchange efficiency during normal times, the air conditioning load due to ventilation of the house 1 can be reduced.

   The counterflow type heat exchange element according to the present invention and the heat exchange type ventilator using the same can suppress a total temperature decrease at the outlet of the exhaust flow, and therefore can suppress frost formation in the exhaust air passage. Since the outside air temperature at which frosting starts can be lowered, the continuous operation time that can secure the necessary ventilation volume in the room can be extended as a result, so the heat exchange element and the heat exchange type ventilation using it in a cold region Useful as equipment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 House 2 Heat exchange type ventilator 3 Heat exchange element 4 Exhaust flow 4a Exhaust air supply path 5 Supply air flow 5a Supply air ventilation path 6 Exhaust air supply means 7 Supply air supply means 8, 8a Inside air port 9, 9a Exhaust port 10, 10a Outside air Port 11, 11a Air supply port 12 Exhaust unit 13 Air supply unit 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b Spacing rib 12c, 13c Air passage rib 14, 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g Exhaust air passage 15, 15a , 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e, 15f, 15g Air supply air passage 16 Heat transfer plate 17 Heat exchange type ventilation equipment 18 Heat exchange element 19 Damper 20 Wind speed sensor 21 Microcomputer 22 Temperature sensor

Claims (3)

An exhaust air passage and a supply air passage are alternately formed by stacking a gap holding means for holding a gap and a plurality of heat transfer means provided with a plurality of air passage ribs provided substantially at equal intervals in parallel. The exhaust air flow that circulates through the exhaust air passage and the supply air flow that circulates through the air supply air passage intersect at right angles or obliquely at both ends of the exhaust air passage and the air supply air passage, and the center between the both ends. a heat exchange element opposed to each other in part, the heat exchange element characterized in that the closed space closest air passage to the inlet side of the exhaust stream in the sheet air path of the central portion.  A heat exchange type ventilator using the heat exchange element according to claim 1.  An exhaust air passage and a supply air passage are alternately formed by stacking a gap holding means for holding a gap and a plurality of heat transfer means provided with a plurality of air passage ribs provided substantially at equal intervals in parallel. The exhaust air flow that circulates through the exhaust air passage and the supply air flow that circulates through the air supply air passage intersect at right angles or obliquely at both ends of the exhaust air passage and the air supply air passage, and the center between the both ends. A heat exchange element facing each other, an air passage closing means for closing an air passage closest to the inlet side of the exhaust flow in the supply air passage in the central portion, and an attachment for determining whether or not frost is formed An air passage that is provided with frost judging means, and in which the air passage closing means is closest to the inlet side of the exhaust air flow in the air supply air passage in the central part when the frost judging means judges that there is frost formation Heat exchange type ventilation equipment that keeps the space closed.

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