JP6124251B2 - Vegetable or fruit cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating vegetables or fruits that reduces the amount of potassium contained in harvested fruits.

  It is known that when the function of the kidney is lowered, potassium in the body cannot be discharged sufficiently, and arrhythmia and heart failure may be caused by potassium accumulated in the body. For this reason, the amount of potassium intake per day is limited for patients with kidney disease and patients undergoing artificial dialysis, and the number of patients whose potassium intake is thus restricted (hereinafter referred to as potassium intake restricted patients). Has been increasing in recent years with changes in dietary habits.

  By the way, since a certain amount of potassium is usually contained in vegetables or fruits that produce fruits for harvesting during the reproductive growth period after the vegetative growth period, the above-mentioned potassium intake restricted patients In many cases, eating such vegetables or fruits itself is prohibited, and when potassium intake restriction patients eat this kind of vegetables or fruits, it is common to remove potassium by boiling, etc. If such a process is performed, the flavor and freshness of vegetables or fruits will be greatly impaired.

  On the other hand, potassium is one of the essential elements in vegetables and fruits and one of the elements indispensable for growth, so simply removing potassium from the nutrients used in this growth process Is lacking and cannot produce high quality vegetables or fruits.

  From the above matters, it is eagerly desired to make it possible to provide high quality vegetables or fruits with a low potassium content, and to enrich the diet of patients with restricted potassium intake.

  And as one of the cultivation methods of such vegetables or fruits, with respect to the potassium content of nutrients given before flowering (specifically, the potassium concentration of the culture solution), the potassium content of nutrients given after flowering ( Specifically, a method for cultivating vegetables or fruits that lowers the potassium content of harvested fruits while reducing the quality of the culture solution (potassium concentration of the culture solution) and suppressing deterioration in quality is known (particularly Patent Document 1). reference.).

JP 2011-135797 A

  However, in the method for cultivating vegetables or fruits described in the above literature, the amount of potassium absorbed by the vegetables or fruits increases or decreases due to daily environmental changes such as rainy weather or sunny weather. Even if it is set lower than the potassium content in the previous nutrient, the amount of potassium contained in the harvested fruit may not be as low as expected.

  The present invention relates to a vegetable or fruit cultivation method for reducing the amount of potassium contained in harvested fruits, and is capable of stably reducing the potassium content of fruits without reducing the quality. It is an object to provide a cultivation method for the plant.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, first, in the cultivation method of vegetables or fruits that give nutrients containing potassium in the cultivation of vegetables or fruits that produce fruits for harvesting in the reproductive growth period after the vegetative growth period, It is characterized by providing a potassium deficiency period during the reproductive growth period, which is a period for supplying only nutrients not containing potassium.

  Second, the potassium deficiency period is a period from flowering to harvesting during the reproductive growth period.

Third, the amount of potassium absorbed by the vegetable or fruit during a predetermined period during the vegetative growth period is measured by a cultivation test in which the amount of potassium absorbed by the vegetable or fruit when cultivated in a standard culture solution is measured in advance. previously determined as potassium absorption and the amount of potassium to be included in the nutrient to be given to the vegetables or fruits during the predetermined time period, it is characterized in that a 50 to 125% of the potassium uptake.

  Fourth, the amount of potassium contained in the nutrients given to the vegetables or fruits during the predetermined period is 50 to 75% of the potassium absorption.

  Fifth, the vegetables or fruits are melons or strawberries.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it becomes possible to reduce the potassium content of a fruit stably, suppressing the influence by environmental changes, such as a weather, and preventing a quality fall.

(A) is a photograph showing a state in which melon is cultivated by hydroponics, and (B) is a photograph showing a state in which melon is cultivated by pearlite plowing. It is a table | surface of the mass of each component contained in a 1000L standard culture solution. It is a graph of the amount of potassium absorption measured for every predetermined period. It is the graph which showed the potassium content of each process section about each of a stem, a leaf, and a root. It is a photograph which shows the state of the melon grown by reducing potassium concentration after flowering. It is the graph which showed the potassium content of the fruit harvested in each processing section. It is a table | surface which shows the quality and potassium content of the fruit of each melon harvested in the 1st-6th process area. It is the photograph which arranged the fruit of the melon harvested in the 1st-6th processing section from the left side to the right side in this order, (A) is a photograph of the appearance of each melon, (B) It is a photograph of the section of each melon.

The inventor of the present application relates to the direction of cultivating vegetables or fruits that produce fruits for harvesting in the reproductive growth period after the vegetative growth period, the point that potassium is stored in the leaves, stems and roots during the vegetative growth period, Paying attention to the point that potassium stored in the stem and root moves to the fruit, by using these, the effect of environmental changes such as weather is suppressed and quality deterioration is prevented, and the potassium content of the fruit is stabilized. It is found that it is possible to reduce the temperature to a lower level, and this is utilized.

  The plant as a target in the present embodiment has a vegetative growth period in which a vegetative organ such as a leaf and a stem is differentiated and formed and a reproductive growth stage in which a reproductive organ is differentiated and formed during the growth process. The flowering period includes a flowering period that includes buds, a flowering period that includes before and after flowering, and a fruiting period that produces fruits after the flowering period, and a fruiting period after the fruiting period. Vegetables and fruits that are classified as harvesting periods that are enlarged or ripe enough to be harvestable. By the way, some vegetables and fruits move to the vegetative growth period after germination, and some move to the vegetative growth stage after the child stocks separated from the parent strain are planted as seedlings.

  Furthermore, melon and straw are specifically assumed as the above-mentioned vegetables or fruits, and the vegetables or fruits are grown by hydroponics using a culture solution containing various essential parts. In hydroponics, it is particularly desirable to use hydroponics or pearlite plowing.

  FIG. 1 (A) is a photograph showing a state in which melon is cultivated by hydroponics, and (B) is a photograph showing a state in which melon is cultivated by pearlite plowing. Here, hydroponics is a cultivation method in which a vegetable or fruit root is immersed in a culture solution for cultivation. On the other hand, pearlite cultivation is a cultivation method in which pearlite in which roots of vegetables or fruits are buried is impregnated with a culture solution, or the pearlite is immersed in the culture solution for cultivation. Incidentally, as this culture solution, a solution obtained by appropriately adjusting a standard culture solution is used.

  FIG. 2 is a list of the mass of each component contained in a 1000 L standard culture solution. As shown in the figure, in a 1000 L standard culture solution, 950 g of calcium nitrate, 810 g of potassium nitrate, 500 g of magnesium sulfate, 155 g of monobasic ammonium phosphate, 3 g of boric acid, 0.22 g Zinc sulfate, 2 g manganese sulfate, 0.05 g copper sulfate, 0.02 g sodium molybdate, and 25 g chelated iron.

  In this standard culture solution, in order to change the concentration (content rate) and amount (content) of potassium, the content rate and content of potassium nitrate may be changed. For example, when it is desired to set the potassium concentration of the culture solution to 1/4 of the potassium concentration of the standard culture solution, the content of potassium contained in 1000 L of the culture solution may be set to 1/4 of the standard culture solution. Further, the same applies to the content. For example, when the potassium content of the culture solution is ½ of the potassium content of the standard culture solution, the content of potassium contained in 1000 L of the culture solution is What is necessary is just to make it 1/2 of standard culture solution.

  In this embodiment, a potassium deficiency period, which is a period for supplying a culture solution (nutrient) that does not contain potassium, is provided during the reproductive growth period, and growth is performed using a culture solution containing potassium during the other growth periods. Specifically, since this potassium deficiency period is from the time of flowering to the harvesting period, especially during the reproductive growth period, the period from the reproductive growth period to before flowering grows using a culture solution containing potassium. Potassium growth period.

  The amount of potassium in the culture solution during this potassium growth period is a quantitative control method based on the amount of potassium absorbed by the vegetables or fruits during that period, or the potassium concentration in the culture solution is kept constant or substantially constant. Use one of the concentration management methods.

  The quantitative management method will be described in detail. The potassium growth period is divided (in this example, divided equally), and the amount of potassium absorbed by the vegetables or fruits in the predetermined period is divided into potassium absorption for each predetermined period. The amount of potassium measured as an amount and included in the nutrients given to the vegetables or fruits during the predetermined period is determined as a ratio (application ratio) to the amount of potassium absorbed by the vegetables or fruits during the predetermined period. The application rate is predetermined in the range of 50% (half of the measured potassium absorption) to 125% (1.25 times the measured potassium absorption). The application rate is preferably 50 to 75%, and more preferably 50%.

  FIG. 3 is a graph of potassium absorption measured for each predetermined period. In the specific example of the quantitative management method shown in the figure, the predetermined period was set to 1 week, and the amount of potassium absorbed per strain of melon was measured every week for a total of 4 weeks. The culture solution used at this time is the above-described standard culture solution, and the amount of potassium absorbed during hydroponics in which the root part of melon is immersed in this culture solution is measured. By the way, the culture solution that has become old every predetermined period is replaced with a new standard culture solution.

  The measurement results are as shown in the figure. The amount of potassium absorbed per strain in the first week was 1.12 g, the amount of potassium absorbed per strain in the second week was 2.32 g, and the third week The amount of potassium absorbed per strain was 3.51 g, and the amount of potassium absorbed per strain in the fourth week was 3.49 g.

  For this reason, the amount of potassium given to this melon is 50 to 125% of the potassium absorption amount of 1.12 g in the first cycle, and 50 to 125% of the potassium absorption amount of 2.32 g in the second cycle. In the third round, it is 50 to 125% of the above-mentioned potassium absorption amount 3.51 g, and in the fourth round, it is 50 to 125% of the above-mentioned potassium absorption amount 3.49 g.

  According to the method for cultivating vegetables or fruits configured as described above, an appropriate amount of potassium is stored in the stem, leaves, and roots by appropriate management before flowering, while the stems, leaves after flowering. Fruits are grown by potassium stored in the roots. As a result, high quality and low potassium fruits can be harvested, and after flowering, potassium is not absorbed from the outside, so that it is possible to efficiently prevent unintended potassium accumulation in the fruits.

  In addition, according to the quantitative management method described above, it is possible to more accurately obtain the amount of potassium to be given to vegetables or fruits from the amount of potassium absorbed, so that it is easier to harvest high-quality fruits with low potassium. become.

[Verification test]
A verification test was conducted to confirm whether or not potassium contained in the stems, leaves and roots of vegetables or fruits was transferred to the fruits.

  Specifically, melon is used as vegetables or fruits, and the treatment sections are divided into five. In each treatment section, the above-mentioned hydroponics are performed using a standard culture solution before flowering. On the other hand, after flowering, the first treatment zone is a “1/1 treatment zone” in which the standard culture solution is used as it is, and the second treatment zone is ½ potassium of the standard culture solution. “1/2 treatment zone” in which hydroponic cultivation is performed using a culture solution (1/2 culture solution) having a concentration, and the third treatment zone is a culture solution having a potassium concentration of 1/4 of the standard culture solution. (1/4 culture solution) is used as a “1/4 treatment zone” for hydroponics, and the fourth treatment zone is a culture solution (1/8 culture) with a potassium concentration of 1/8 of the standard culture solution. In the fifth treatment zone, a culture solution (1/16 culture solution) having a potassium concentration of 1/16 of the standard culture solution is used. “1/16 treatment zone” where hydroponics is conducted, and in each treatment zone, the content of potassium contained in the stem, leaves and roots after harvesting the fruit is measured. Photographs were taken of melon grown by lowering flowering after the potassium concentration as described above.

  In each treatment section, the concentration is controlled so that the potassium concentration in the culture solution is maintained at the predetermined value described above. For example, in a 1/2 culture solution, the concentration is controlled so that the potassium concentration of the culture solution becomes 1/2 of the potassium concentration of the standard culture solution. In the 1/4 culture solution, the potassium concentration of the culture solution is the same as that of the standard culture solution. The concentration is controlled so that it becomes 1/4 of the potassium concentration. In the 1/8 culture solution, the concentration is controlled so that the potassium concentration of the culture solution becomes 1/8 of the potassium concentration of the standard culture solution. Then, the concentration is controlled so that the potassium concentration of the culture solution becomes 1/16 of the potassium concentration of the standard culture solution.

  FIG. 4 is a graph showing the potassium content of each treatment group for each of stems, leaves and roots. As shown in the figure, the lower the potassium concentration of the culture solution used after flowering, the lower the content of potassium contained in the stem, leaves and roots after harvesting.

  FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the state of melon grown with a reduced potassium concentration after flowering. As shown in the figure, the leaf color changed from green due to lack of potassium, but the fruit was greatly enlarged and high quality, and it was confirmed that the fruit quality was hardly affected. .

  According to the results shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, since any treatment group is hydroponically cultivated with a standard culture solution before flowering, a sufficient amount of potassium is obtained at the time of flowering, such as stems, leaves and roots. However, at the time of harvest, the potassium content in stems, leaves and roots is greatly reduced. On the other hand, the fruits are big at harvest. The above fact is considered to be a result of potassium stored in stems, leaves and roots moving to fruits and used for growing the fruits.

[Comparative test 1]
The comparative experiment which compares the vegetable or fruit cultivated by the cultivation method to which this invention was applied and the vegetable or fruit cultivated by the conventional vegetable or fruit cultivation method was conducted.

  Specifically, melon is used as vegetables or fruits, and the treatment sections are divided into four. In each treatment section, the above-described hydroponics is performed using a standard culture solution before flowering. On the other hand, after flowering, the first treatment zone is a “1/1 treatment zone” in which the standard culture solution is used as it is, and the second treatment zone is 1/8 potassium of the standard culture solution. “1/8 treatment zone” in which hydroponics is performed using a culture solution (1/8 culture solution) having a concentration, and the third treatment zone is a culture solution having a potassium concentration of 1/16 of the standard culture solution. (1/16 treatment zone) in which hydroponic cultivation is performed using (1/16 culture solution), and the fourth treatment zone is water using a culture solution (0 culture solution) having a potassium content of 0. It was set as “0 treatment area” for cultivation. That is, the cultivation method in this 0 treatment section applies the present invention.

  FIG. 6 is a graph showing the potassium content of fruits harvested in each treatment section. As shown in the figure, after flowering, the treatment group using a culture solution having a lower potassium concentration resulted in a smaller amount of potassium contained in the harvested melon.

[Comparison Test 2]
The comparative experiment which compares the vegetable or fruit cultivated by the cultivation method to which this invention was applied and the vegetable or fruit cultivated by the conventional vegetable or fruit cultivation method was conducted.

  Using melon as a vegetable or fruit, divide the treatment area into six.

  In the first treatment zone (hereinafter, “hydroponic concentration management treatment zone”), cultivation is carried out by hydroponics shown in FIG. 1 (A), and every week from the vegetative growth stage to the reproductive growth stage. Replace all the standard culture solutions and conduct the concentration control method to keep giving the standard culture solution.

  In the second treatment section (hereinafter referred to as “perlite cultivation concentration management treatment section”), cultivation is performed by pearlite cultivation shown in FIG. 1 (B), and every week from the vegetative growth stage to the reproductive growth stage. Replace all the standard culture solutions and conduct the concentration control method to keep giving the standard culture solution.

  In the third treatment area (hereinafter referred to as “perlite cultivation management treatment area 50%”), cultivation is performed by the pearlite cultivation shown in FIG. 1 (B), and before flowering, the third week during the vegetative growth period. And in the 4th week, the quantitative control method based on the measurement result of FIG. 3 is performed, and the culture solution with the application rate set to 50% is given every week. Incidentally, in the first week and the second week, a standard culture solution is given every week. On the other hand, after flowering, a culture solution in which potassium (specifically, potassium nitrate) is completely omitted from the standard culture solution is given every week.

  In the fourth treatment zone (hereinafter referred to as “75% perlite cultivation management treatment zone”), cultivation is performed by the pearlite cultivation shown in FIG. 1 (B), and before flowering, the third week during the vegetative growth period. And in the 4th week, the quantitative control method based on the measurement result of FIG. 3 is performed, and a culture solution with the application rate set to 75% is given every week. Incidentally, in the first week and the second week, a standard culture solution is given every week. On the other hand, after flowering, a culture solution in which potassium (specifically, potassium nitrate) is completely omitted from the standard culture solution is given every week.

  In the fifth treatment zone (hereinafter referred to as “perlite cultivation management treatment zone 100%”), cultivation is performed by the pearlite cultivation shown in FIG. 1 (B), and before flowering, the third week during the vegetative growth period. And in the 4th week, the quantitative control method based on the measurement result of FIG. 3 is performed, and a culture solution with the application rate set to 100% is given every week. Incidentally, in the first week and the second week, a standard culture solution is given every week. On the other hand, after flowering, a culture solution in which potassium (specifically, potassium nitrate) is completely omitted from the standard culture solution is given every week.

  In the sixth treatment zone (hereinafter referred to as “perlite cultivated management treatment zone 125%”), cultivation is performed by pearlite cultivation shown in FIG. 1 (B), and before flowering, the third week during the vegetative growth period. And in the 4th week, the quantitative control method based on the measurement result of FIG. 3 is performed, and a culture solution with the application rate set to 125% is given every week. Incidentally, in the first week and the second week, a standard culture solution is given every week. On the other hand, after flowering, a culture solution in which potassium (specifically, potassium nitrate) is completely omitted from the standard culture solution is given every week.

  FIG. 7 is a table showing the fruit quality and potassium content of each melon harvested in the first to sixth treatment zones, and FIG. 8 shows the melon harvested in the first to sixth treatment zones. Are photographs in which the fruits are arranged in this order from the left side to the right side, wherein (A) is a photograph of the appearance of each melon, and (B) is a photograph of a cross section of each melon.

  As shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the melon harvested in the hydroponic concentration management treatment area is the largest, but the melon harvested in the pearlite cultivation concentration management treatment area is harvested in 50% of the pearlite cultivation management treatment area. Melons harvested in 75% of pearlite cultivated management area, melon harvested in 100% of pearlite cultivated management area and melon harvested in 125% of pearlite cultivated management area, There is almost no difference in terms of sugar and acidity, and no significant difference in appearance or cross section is observed.

  In addition, melon harvested in 50% of the pearlite cultivated management area, melon harvested in 75% of the pearlite cultivated management area, and 100% of the pearlite cultivated management area. The melon harvested in 125% of melon and pearlite cultivated control areas has a potassium content compared to the melon harvested in hydroponic control areas and the melon harvested in pearlite control areas. The results are much less and clearly show the superiority of the present invention.

  The reason why good results can be obtained by pearlite cultivation as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is that the culture solution is always in contact with the root part in hydroponics, but in hydroponic cultivation by pearlite cultivation. In addition to the culture solution (liquid phase), the solid phase (mainly pearlite as a medium) and the gas phase (mainly air) are in contact with the root portion, and it is considered that the absorption of potassium is suppressed.

  In addition, as a comparative example, an experiment was conducted using only melon as a vegetable or fruit. However, like melon, koji etc. can reduce the potassium content of koji fruit by controlling potassium in the culture solution. (See Patent Document 1 above), it is naturally expected that the same result as that of the melon will be obtained for this bag, and the present invention can be applied.

Claims (4)

Period of giving only nutrients that do not contain potassium in the method of cultivating vegetables or fruits that give nutrients containing potassium when cultivating vegetables or fruits that produce fruits for harvesting in the reproductive growth period after the vegetative growth period Potassium absorbed by the vegetable or fruit when cultivated in a standard culture solution for the amount of potassium absorbed by the vegetable or fruit during a predetermined period other than the potassium deficient period. The amount is determined in advance by a cultivation test and is determined in advance as the amount of potassium absorbed, and the amount of potassium contained in the nutrients given to the vegetables or fruits during the predetermined period is 50 to 125% of the amount of potassium absorbed. How to grow vegetables or fruits.   The method for cultivating vegetables or fruits according to claim 1, wherein the potassium deficiency period is a period from flowering to harvesting during the reproductive growth period. The cultivation method of the vegetable or fruit of Claim 1 or 2 which makes the amount of potassium included in the nutrient given to this vegetable or fruit in the said predetermined period 50 to 75% of the said potassium absorption amount. The method for cultivating vegetables or fruits according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the vegetables or fruits are melons or strawberries.