JP6123204B2 - Seaweed culture substrate - Google Patents
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- JP6123204B2 JP6123204B2 JP2012211937A JP2012211937A JP6123204B2 JP 6123204 B2 JP6123204 B2 JP 6123204B2 JP 2012211937 A JP2012211937 A JP 2012211937A JP 2012211937 A JP2012211937 A JP 2012211937A JP 6123204 B2 JP6123204 B2 JP 6123204B2
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Description
本発明は、布帛を用いた海藻を養殖させるための基材に関する。
The present invention relates to a substrate for culturing seaweed using a fabric.
従来、海苔などの海藻の養殖では、ロープ、網等線状の基材に海藻の胞子などを付着させたり、ブロック、石等の基材の上に胞子を付着させ、海藻を育成する方法が行われている。（特許文献１、２）
ロープ、網等の線状基材では、胞子などの付着密度が低く、収穫量がなかなか上がらないという課題がある。また、ブロック、石などの基材に胞子を付着させる方法は、養殖場で胞子を付着させ、海藻の幼体が生育すると、天然海域に移動させるのが通常であり、基材は質量や体積が大きいことから、搬出、作業に多大な工数が必要になるという課題があった。
Conventionally, in the cultivation of seaweed such as seaweed, there are methods for growing seaweed by attaching spores of seaweed to a linear substrate such as a rope or net, or attaching spores on a substrate such as a block or stone. Has been done. (
In a linear base material such as a rope or a net, there is a problem that the adhesion density of spores is low and the yield is not easily increased. In addition, the method of attaching spores to a base material such as block or stone is usually carried out by attaching spores on a farm and when the seaweed juvenile grows, it is moved to the natural sea area, and the base material has a mass and volume. Due to its large size, there was a problem that a large number of man-hours were required for carrying out and work.
本発明は、海藻の胞子の付着性がよく、海中での展開性に優れた海藻養殖基材を提供することを課題とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a seaweed culturing base material that has good adhesion to spores of seaweed and has excellent expandability in the sea.
本発明は、上記の課題を解決するために、次のような手段を採用する。
（１）目空き大きさ１ｍｍ以下の目空きを有する布帛からなり、布帛に、長さ７００ｍｍ以下の切れ込みが、１０〜２００ｍｍの間隔で複数あることを特徴とする海藻養殖基材。
（２）布帛のＪＩＳ Ｌ １９０７ ７．３．１沈降法による吸水性が、６０秒以下であることを特徴とする前記海藻養殖基材。
（３）布帛が織物、編物から選ばれたものである前記いずれかの海藻養殖基材。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means.
(1) A seaweed culture substrate comprising a fabric having an open space of 1 mm or less, and having a plurality of cuts having a length of 700 mm or less at intervals of 10 to 200 mm.
(2) The seaweed culture substrate according to the invention, wherein the fabric has a water absorption by JIS L 1907 7.3.1 sedimentation method of 60 seconds or less.
(3) The seaweed culture substrate according to any one of the above, wherein the fabric is selected from woven fabric and knitted fabric.
本発明の布帛からなる基材を用いることで、海中での展開性が高く、胞子の付着性が高い海藻養殖基材が提供される By using the base material made of the fabric of the present invention, a seaweed culture base material having high expandability in the sea and high adherence of spores is provided.
＜形状に関する説明＞
本発明に用いる海藻養殖基材は、目空き大きさ１ｍｍ以下の目空きを有する布帛であって、長さ７００ｍｍ以下の切れ込みが１０〜２００ｍｍの間隔で複数にあることを特徴とする。
<Description of shape>
The seaweed culture substrate used in the present invention is a fabric having an open space with a open space size of 1 mm or less, and has a plurality of cuts with a length of 700 mm or less at intervals of 10 to 200 mm.
本発明の基材は面形状のものが好ましい。面形状を定義するのであれば、少なくとも、海藻の胞子が付着する面を有しているものといえる。基材の形状は、三角形、四角形、五角形、六角形やそれ以上の多角形等特に限定されないが、養殖するための設置の効率性から、四角形、さらに長方形が好ましい。海藻を養殖する部分の大きさは特に限定されないが、例えば５００ｍｍ角、８００ｍｍ角、１０００ｍｍ角、１２００ｍｍ角、１５００ｍｍ角や、５００×１０００ｍｍ、１０００×１２００ｍｍ、１０００×２０００ｍｍなど正方形や長方形であることが好ましい。大きさは、養殖するための作業性から、一辺が２０００ｍｍ以下の四角形状が好ましい。 The substrate of the present invention preferably has a surface shape. If the surface shape is defined, it can be said that it has at least a surface to which seaweed spores adhere. The shape of the base material is not particularly limited, such as a triangle, a quadrangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, or a polygon more than that, but a quadrangle and a rectangle are preferable in terms of installation efficiency for aquaculture. The size of the part where the seaweed is cultivated is not particularly limited, but for example, it may be a square or rectangle such as 500 mm square, 800 mm square, 1000 mm square, 1200 mm square, 1500 mm square, 500 × 1000 mm, 1000 × 1200 mm, 1000 × 2000 mm. preferable. The size is preferably a square shape with one side of 2000 mm or less in view of workability for aquaculture.
また、本発明の海藻養殖基材は、基材を海中に固定するための固定部分があることが好ましい。基材の海中への固定方法としては、基材のタテ又はヨコの両端部を筒状に縫製し、そこに棒状の固定資材を通して、その棒状の固定資材と海上に設置した浮きや海中に設置した重しとを固定する方法や、基材の四隅に孔を明け、そこに浮きや重しとを固定する方法が上げられる。基材の四隅に孔を開ける方法は、基材が大きくなれば、必要に応じて、四隅の間に孔を開け、そこからも基材を固定する。 Moreover, it is preferable that the seaweed culture base material of this invention has the fixing | fixed part for fixing a base material in the sea. To fix the base material in the sea, sew both ends of the base material or the side of the base material into a cylindrical shape, pass the stick-shaped fixing material there, and install the stick-shaped fixing material and the float placed on the sea or in the sea. A method of fixing the weight and a method of fixing holes and weights in the four corners of the base material can be raised. In the method of making holes in the four corners of the base material, if the base material becomes large, if necessary, holes are made between the four corners, and the base material is also fixed from there.
固定部分の大きさは、基材を海底に固定するための十分な大きさがあれば良い。例えば、棒状の固定資材を海中に通す方法であれば、布帛のタテ又はヨコ方向に１０ｃｍの幅で縫製すれば十分である。すなわち、基材における固定部分の必要量は、折り返すため、倍の２０ｃｍとなる。また、基材の四隅に固定する方法であれば、布帛の四隅にそれぞれ１０ｃｍ角程度の大きさがあることが好ましい。 The size of the fixing portion only needs to be large enough to fix the base material to the seabed. For example, in the case of a method of passing a rod-shaped fixing material into the sea, it is sufficient to sew the fabric with a width of 10 cm in the vertical or horizontal direction of the fabric. That is, the necessary amount of the fixing portion in the base material is 20 cm, which is twice as long as it is folded. Moreover, if it is the method of fixing to the four corners of a base material, it is preferable that each of the four corners of the fabric has a size of about 10 cm square.
基材の厚みは、０．１〜１０ｍｍが好ましい。より好ましくは、０．３〜５ｍｍ、さらに好ましくは、０．５〜３ｍｍである。厚みが小さすぎると、海藻を養殖するために必要な強度が得にくくなるとともに、海中での展開性が悪くなる。厚みが大きすぎると、波が基材を押し上げ、海上に浮かせてしまう傾向がある。 As for the thickness of a base material, 0.1-10 mm is preferable. More preferably, it is 0.3-5 mm, More preferably, it is 0.5-3 mm. If the thickness is too small, it will be difficult to obtain the strength required to cultivate seaweed, and the developability in the sea will deteriorate. If the thickness is too large, the waves tend to push up the substrate and float on the sea.
また、目空きとは、布帛に空いた胞子が付着するための孔になる部分である。目空きがあることで、目空きが無いものと比較して、より胞子が一定間隔で均一に付着しやすくなるとともに、目空きを通じて海水が抜けることで、海中での展開性が良くなる。目空きとは、織物又は編物の糸と糸が構成する空隙のことである。目空きの大きさは、目空きの内部に接する想像上の円（内接円）の直径である。目空きの大きさは、１ｍｍ以下が好ましい。さらに好ましくは、０．５ｍｍ以下、さらに好ましくは０．１ｍｍ以下である。１ｍｍ以上の目空きだけでは、海藻の胞子が、ほとんど孔をすり抜けてしまうため、好ましくない。一方、海水の抜けやすさから０．０１ｍｍ以上がいい。 Moreover, a void is a part used as the hole for the vacant spore to adhere to a fabric. The presence of the voids makes it easier for the spores to adhere more uniformly at regular intervals than the one without voids, and the seawater escapes through the voids, thereby improving the expandability in the sea. A void is a void formed by yarns of woven or knitted fabric. The size of the void is the diameter of an imaginary circle (inscribed circle) that touches the interior of the void. The size of the open space is preferably 1 mm or less. More preferably, it is 0.5 mm or less, More preferably, it is 0.1 mm or less. If only 1 mm or more is open, seaweed spores almost pass through the holes, which is not preferable. On the other hand, 0.01 mm or more is preferable from the ease of seawater removal.
本発明の海藻養殖基材は、海水での展開性を良くするため切れ込みを複数有する。養殖基材が、海中に沈み込む際、切れ込みから海水が抜けることにより、海中での展開性が向上する。海中においても、切れ込みの間から海水が抜けていくので、海水の流れにより、基材が流されたり、反転することが少なくなる。切り込みの間隔は、１０ｍｍ〜２００ｍｍが好ましく。より好ましくは、３０〜１５０ｍｍ。より好ましくは、５０〜１２０ｍｍである。 The seaweed culture substrate of the present invention has a plurality of cuts in order to improve developability in seawater. When the aquaculture substrate sinks into the sea, the seawater escapes from the cut, thereby improving the expandability in the sea. Even in the sea, seawater escapes from the notch, so that the base material is less likely to be swept away or inverted by the flow of seawater. The notch interval is preferably 10 mm to 200 mm. More preferably, it is 30-150 mm. More preferably, it is 50-120 mm.
切れ込の間隔が、小さい、布帛の切れ込みが乱れやすくなり、胞子が脱離しやすくなる。一方、切れ込み幅が大きいと、海水中での展開性が悪くなる傾向がある。 When the notch interval is small, the notch of the fabric is likely to be disturbed, and spores are easily detached. On the other hand, when the cut width is large, the developability in seawater tends to deteriorate.
切れ込みの長さは、７００ｍｍ以下が好ましい。より好ましくは、６００ｍｍ以下、さらに好ましくは５００ｍｍ以下である。切れ込み長さが、大きすぎると切れ込みの間の布帛が海水中で乱れやすくなり、胞子の付着性が落ちる傾向にある。切れ込みの長さは、５０ｍｍ以上が好ましい。 The length of the cut is preferably 700 mm or less. More preferably, it is 600 mm or less, More preferably, it is 500 mm or less. If the cut length is too large, the fabric between the cuts tends to be disturbed in seawater, and the adherence of spores tends to decrease. The length of the cut is preferably 50 mm or more.
切れ込みは、布帛の大きさに対し、長さ７００ｍｍ以下になるよう、また均等の幅に入れると良い。切れ込みと切れ込みを切れ込みの方向に並べる場合、その長手方向の間隔は、切れ込みの幅と同様、１０〜２００ｍｍが好ましい。布帛の強度を向上させるため、より好ましくは、３０〜１５０ｍｍ、より好ましくは、５０〜１２０ｍｍである。 The cuts are preferably made to have a uniform width so that the length is 700 mm or less with respect to the size of the fabric. When arranging the cuts and the cuts in the direction of the cuts, the interval in the longitudinal direction is preferably 10 to 200 mm, as is the width of the cuts. In order to improve the strength of the fabric, the thickness is more preferably 30 to 150 mm, and more preferably 50 to 120 mm.
切れ込みの少なくとも一方の端部は布帛の面の中で終わり、結果として、切れ込みによって生じた布帛小片が切れ込みのないところを介してつながることになる。切れ込みはもう一方の端部でも、布帛の面の中で終わっている状態、すなわち、布帛の面の中に切れ込みがある状態が好ましい。この形態であると切れ込み間の布帛の乱れが少なくなり、胞子の付着性が良好となる。また切れ込みの方向は特に限定されない。 At least one end of the cut ends in the face of the fabric, with the result that the pieces of fabric produced by the cut are connected through the uncut portion. It is preferable that the notch is also terminated at the other end in the surface of the fabric, that is, a state in which there is a notch in the surface of the fabric. If it is this form, the disorder | damage | failure of the cloth between notches will decrease and the adhesiveness of a spore will become favorable. The direction of the cut is not particularly limited.
また、本発明の海藻養殖基材の切れ込みの具体例について述べる。 Moreover, the specific example of the notch | incision of the seaweed culture base material of this invention is described.
図１では、タテ１４００ｍｍ、ヨコ１０００ｍｍの養殖基材である。切れ込みの間隔を１５ｍｍとして、図１のように等間隔に６５本切れ込みをいれる。基材の中央には切れ込みがない部分、すなわち布帛が連続する部分を５０ｍｍの幅として設け、切れ込みの長さを４７５ｍｍとし、タテ方向に切れ込みを２列並べた形状が上げられる。 In FIG. 1, it is a culture | cultivation base material of length 1400mm and width 1000mm. Assuming that the notch interval is 15 mm, 65 notches are made at equal intervals as shown in FIG. A portion having no cut at the center of the base material, that is, a portion where the fabric is continuous is provided as a width of 50 mm, the length of the cut is 475 mm, and the shape in which two rows of cuts are arranged in the vertical direction is raised.
また、図２は、図１と同じ大きさのタテ１４００ｍｍ、ヨコ１０００ｍｍの養殖基材である。切れ込みの間隔を５０ｍｍとして、図２のように等間隔に１９本切れ込みを入れ、切れ込み長さを４７５ｍｍとし、タテ方向に切れ込みを２列並べた形状が上げられる。
さらに、図３のように切れ込み間隔を１２０ｍｍとするものがある。図３のように９本切れ、切れ込み長さを４７５ｍｍとし、タテ方向に切れ込みを２列並べた形状が上げられる。
FIG. 2 shows a culture substrate having the same size as FIG. 1 and having a length of 1400 mm and a width of 1000 mm. As shown in FIG. 2, the notch interval is set to 50 mm, 19 incisions are made at equal intervals, the notch length is set to 475 mm, and two rows of notches are arranged in the vertical direction.
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, there is one in which the notch interval is 120 mm. As shown in FIG. 3, the shape is such that nine pieces are cut, the cut length is 475 mm, and two rows of cuts are arranged in the vertical direction.
ここで切れ込みとは、布帛が切れた状態にあればよく、作成時に布帛を切断する必要はない。すなわち海藻養殖基材の切れ込みの作成方法としては、布帛を基材の大きさに切断した後、型抜き機などで物理的に切れ込みを作成する方法や、編立時に糸抜き組織として、予め切れ込みを作成する方法、熱により、繊維を溶融させて切断する方法があげられる。また複数の小さい布同士の一部を縫い合わせてもよい。 Here, the notch is sufficient if the fabric is in a cut state, and it is not necessary to cut the fabric at the time of creation. That is, as a method for creating a cut of the seaweed culture substrate, after cutting the fabric into the size of the substrate, a method of physically creating a cut with a die cutting machine or the like, And a method of melting and cutting the fiber by heat. Moreover, you may sew together some small cloths.
また、本発明の海藻養殖基材に使用される布帛は、ＪＩＳ Ｌ １９０７ ７．３．１沈降法による吸水性が、６０秒以下であることが好ましい。沈降法による吸水性の値が大きいと、海水に沈めて作業しようとする際、なかなか沈まず、展開性や作業性が著しく劣ることとなる。海藻養殖基材に吸水性を付与する方法としては、繊維に親水性の油剤を付与する方法や、布帛にした後に吸水性樹脂を付与する方法が上げられる。 Moreover, it is preferable that the fabric used for the seaweed culture base material of the present invention has a water absorption of 60 seconds or less according to JIS L 1907 7.3.1 sedimentation method. When the water absorption value by the sedimentation method is large, when trying to work by submerging in seawater, it does not sink easily, and developability and workability are remarkably inferior. Examples of a method for imparting water absorption to the seaweed culture substrate include a method for imparting a hydrophilic oil agent to the fiber, and a method for imparting a water absorbent resin to a fabric.
繊維に親水性の油剤を付与する場合、ポリエーテルエステル系、ポリエーテル活性剤、ポリエチレンワックスなどの混合物油剤などが好ましく用いられる。付着量は、布帛を構成する繊維に対し、０．１質量％以上、好ましくは、０．５質量％以上、さらに好ましくは、１質量％以上である。 When a hydrophilic oil agent is added to the fiber, a mixture oil agent such as a polyether ester, a polyether activator, or a polyethylene wax is preferably used. The adhesion amount is 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and more preferably 1% by mass or more with respect to the fibers constituting the fabric.
また、布帛に吸水性樹脂を付与するものとしては、ポリエステル系樹脂、アクリル酸系樹脂、ポリアミド系樹脂などを用いることができる。付着量は、付着量は、布帛を構成する繊維に対し、０．１質量％以上、好ましくは、０．５質量％以上、さらに好ましくは、１質量％以上である。 Moreover, as what gives a water absorbing resin to a fabric, a polyester-type resin, an acrylic acid-type resin, a polyamide-type resin etc. can be used. The adhesion amount is 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and more preferably 1% by mass or more with respect to the fibers constituting the fabric.
続いて、本発明の海藻養殖基材を構成する布帛について述べる。 Then, the fabric which comprises the seaweed culture base material of this invention is described.
本発明に用いる使用繊維は、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリアミド、ビニロン、ポリ乳酸、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどの合成繊維が好ましい。特に海水への沈降性の観点から、比重が１以上である、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリアミド、ビニロン、ポリ乳酸が好ましい。さらに海水中での寸法安定性の観点から、比重が１．３であるポリエチレンテレフタレートやポリ乳酸などのポリエステル系繊維が好ましく用いられる。繊維形態は、マルチフィラメント、モノフィラメント、紡績糸など特に限定されないが、マルチフィラメントが布帛は、モノフィラメントや紡績糸と比較して、単糸繊度が細いため、織編物としたときの目空きが小さいこと、さらに柔軟性を奏するため特に好ましく用いられる。 The fibers used in the present invention are preferably synthetic fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, vinylon, polylactic acid, polyethylene, and polypropylene. In particular, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, vinylon, and polylactic acid having a specific gravity of 1 or more are preferable from the viewpoint of sedimentation into seawater. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of dimensional stability in seawater, polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate and polylactic acid having a specific gravity of 1.3 are preferably used. The fiber form is not particularly limited, such as multifilament, monofilament, and spun yarn, but the multifilament fabric has a smaller single fiber fineness than monofilament and spun yarn, so that the space when woven or knitted is small. Further, it is particularly preferably used because of its flexibility.
用いる繊維の総繊度としては、５０〜２００ｄｔｅｘ、さらに好ましくは、総繊度５０〜９０ｄｔｅｘが、目空きの緻密さと柔軟性を奏するため好ましい。さらに、仮撚加工などのけん縮加工を施してもよい。 The total fineness of the fibers used is preferably 50 to 200 dtex, and more preferably 50 to 90 dtex because the fineness of the voids and flexibility are exhibited. Further, crimping such as false twisting may be performed.
また、本発明に用いる海藻養殖基材の好ましい態様としては、織物や編物が好ましい。中でも、海中で布帛が傷ついたときのほつれにくさの観点から、経編物が好ましく用いられる。 Moreover, as a preferable aspect of the seaweed culture base material used for this invention, a textile fabric and a knitted fabric are preferable. Among these, a warp knitted fabric is preferably used from the viewpoint of fraying resistance when the fabric is damaged in the sea.
織物としては、平織物のメッシュ構造、編物としては、トリコットやダブルラッセル生地を用い、鹿の子や亀甲柄などの目空き組織が好ましい。 As the woven fabric, a plain woven mesh structure is used, and as the knitted fabric, a tricot or double raschel fabric is used, and an open tissue such as a Kanoko pattern or a turtle shell pattern is preferable.
例えば、トリコット編物では、フロント糸に１−０／１−２、２−３／２−１、バック糸として、２−３／２−１、１−０／１−２のチュール組織。３枚筬では、フロント糸に１−０／０−１、ミドル糸に２−３／２−１、１−０／１−２、バック糸に１−０／１−２、２−３／２−１などの組織。 For example, in a tricot knitted fabric, a tulle structure of 1-0 / 1-2, 2-3 / 2-1 on the front yarn and 2-3 / 2-1, 1-0 / 1-2 on the back yarn. In the case of 3 sheets, 1-0 / 0-1 for the front yarn, 2-3 / 2-1, 1-0 / 1-2 for the middle yarn, 1-0 / 1-2, 2-3 / for the back yarn Organizations such as 2-1.
また、ダブルラッセル生地は、フロント側のＬ１、Ｌ２とバック側のＬ４、Ｌ５にメッシュ組織、ミドルのＬ３には、厚みを持たせるための、立体構造組織をとる。
例えば、
Ｌ１：２−３−３−３／２−１−１−１／２−３−３−３／２−１−１−１／１−０−０−０／１−２−２−２／１−０−０−０／１−２−２−２／／
Ｌ２：１−０−０−０／１−２−２−２／１−０−０−０／１−２−２−２／２−３−３−３／２−１−１−１／２−３−３−３／２−１−１−１／／
Ｌ３：０−１−０−１／１−０−１−０／／
Ｌ４：０−０−０−１／１−１−１−０／／
Ｌ５：０−０−４−４／４−４−０−０／／の目空き組織が用いられる。
Further, the double raschel fabric has a mesh structure for the front side L1 and L2 and the back side L4 and L5, and the middle L3 has a three-dimensional structure for giving a thickness.
For example,
L1: 2-3-3-3 / 2-1-1-1 / 2-3-3 / 2-1-1-1 / 1-1-0-0-0 / 1-2-2-2 / 1-0-0-0 / 1-2-2-2 //
L2: 1-0-0-0 / 1-2-2-2 / 1-0-0-0 / 1-2-2 / 2-3-3-3-2-1-1-1 / 2-3-3-3 / 2-1-1-1 //
L3: 0-1-0-1 / 1-1-0-1-0 //
L4: 0-0-0-1 / 1-1-1-0 //
L5: 0-0-4-4 / 4-4-0-0 // empty tissue is used.
これらの経編地では、切れ込み幅の部分のみ糸を編み合わせないよう組織を変化させることで、予め均等に切れ込みが入った切れ込み編地を作成することも出来る。 In these warp knitted fabrics, by changing the structure so that the yarn is not knitted only in the portion of the cut width, it is also possible to create a cut knitted fabric in which cuts are uniformly cut in advance.
本発明の海藻養殖基材は、布帛に胞子を付着させ、海中に沈めて使用する。胞子の付着の継続性が高く、効率的な養殖を行うことができる。 The seaweed culture substrate of the present invention is used by attaching spores to a fabric and submerging them in the sea. The spore adherence is high and efficient aquaculture can be performed.
以下、本発明の実施例により、さらに詳細に説明する。なお、本発明中の各評価は、次の方法で求めた。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. In addition, each evaluation in this invention was calculated | required with the following method.
［測定方法］
（１）引張強力
ＪＩＳ Ｌ １０９６（８．１４．１）（２０１０） Ａ法に基づいて測定した。サンプルを幅５０ｍｍ、長さ３００ｍｍの大きさでタテ方向、ヨコ方向へ５枚を採取し、試験片を初荷重の下で適切な性能をもつ引張試験機でつかみ，つかみ間隔 ２００ｍｍ、引張速度２００ｍｍにて切断時の最大荷重の平均値を測定した。
予め、切れ込みの入った布帛２は、切れ込みのない部分（２００＋２００ｍｍ＝４００ｍｍ）の部分を使用して測定した。
[Measuring method]
(1) Tensile strength JIS L 1096 (8.14.1) (2010) It measured based on A method. Samples were taken in a vertical and horizontal direction with a width of 50 mm and a length of 300 mm, and the test pieces were gripped with a tensile tester with appropriate performance under the initial load, with a grip interval of 200 mm and a tensile speed of 200 mm. The average value of the maximum load at the time of cutting was measured.
The fabric 2 with the cut was measured in advance using the portion without the cut (200 + 200 mm = 400 mm).
（２）目付
ＪＩＳ Ｌ １０９６（８．４．２）（２０１０）に規定された方法により、布帛の単位面積当たりの質量を求めた。
(2) Mass per unit area of the fabric was determined by the method specified in JIS L 1096 (8.4.2) (2010).
（３）目空き
光学顕微鏡（キーエンス製 ＶＸ−２０００）を用い、布帛表面を５０倍に拡大し、目空き孔を１０点任意に選び、ソフトによる３点間内接円直径の測定を行った。なお目空きの値は測定を異なる場所１０点で行い、その平均値で示してある。
(3) Open space Using an optical microscope (Keyence VX-2000), the fabric surface was magnified 50 times, 10 open holes were arbitrarily selected, and the inscribed circle diameter between 3 points was measured by software. . In addition, the value of a vacancy is shown by the average value which measured at 10 different places.
ダブルラッセルなどの２枚生地については、孔の狭い方を測定した。 For two-layer fabric such as double raschel, the narrower one was measured.
（４）親水性
ＪＩＳ Ｌ １９０７ ７．３．１沈降法に準じて測定した。４００ｍｍ×４００ｍｍの試験片を３枚採取し、続いて、布帛のタテ方向に、長さ３００ｍｍ、幅、１００ｍｍにて３本切れ込みを入れ、次に、試験片の測定面を下向きにして、水を入れた水槽中に浮かべた後、試験片が湿潤して水中に沈降し始めるまでの時間をストップウォッチで１秒単位まで測定した。６０秒以上経過しても沈降しない場合は、沈降しないものと判定した。ただし，試験片３枚のうち１枚が沈降しない場合は，更に１枚の試験片を追加採取し，同様の試験を行った。
(4) Hydrophilicity Measured according to JIS L 1907 7.3.1 sedimentation method. Three test pieces of 400 mm × 400 mm were collected, and subsequently, three slits were made in the length direction of the fabric with a length of 300 mm, a width of 100 mm, and then the test surface of the test piece faced downward, After the sample was floated in the water tank containing, the time until the test piece became wet and began to settle in water was measured with a stopwatch to the nearest 1 second. When it did not settle even if 60 seconds or more passed, it was determined that it did not settle. However, when one of the three test pieces did not settle, another test piece was additionally sampled and subjected to the same test.
（５）厚さ
得られた布帛をＪＩＳ Ｌ １０９６（８．４）（２０１０）に基づいて測定した。試料の異なる５か所について厚さ測定器を用い、１０秒間及び０．７ｋＰａの下で厚さ（mm）を測り，その平均値を算出した。
(5) Thickness The obtained fabric was measured based on JIS L 1096 (8.4) (2010). The thickness (mm) was measured for 10 seconds and under 0.7 kPa using a thickness measuring device at five different points of the sample, and the average value was calculated.
（６）水中展開性
水槽中に食塩を３．５重量％溶かした人工海水に、作成した基材を浸漬し、基材を海中に沈める形態に広げ、沈降させ水中での展開状態を評価した。布帛が端の折れ曲がりや、丸まりなどなく均一に沈降するものを◎、布帛が沈降するが、布帛の端や切れ込み部分がやや乱れているものを○、布帛が沈降しない又は、布帛の端や切れ込み部分が乱れたり、お互いに重なり、水槽底面を覆うことが出来ないにものを×と評価した。
(6) Underwater expandability The prepared base material is immersed in artificial seawater in which 3.5% by weight of salt is dissolved in a water tank, and the base material is spread into a form that sinks in the sea. . If the fabric is uniformly settled without bending or curling at the end, ◎, the fabric is sedimented, but the fabric edge or cut portion is slightly disturbed, ○, the fabric does not settle, or the fabric edge or cut Parts that were disturbed or overlapped each other and could not cover the bottom of the aquarium were evaluated as x.
（７）胞子付着性
水槽中に海藻養殖基材を沈め、海苔胞子を水槽上より１００万個／ｍ２の密度にて均一に振りかけ、一週間後の付着状態を確認した。切れ込みの間の布帛部分を１０箇所選択し、ルーペにて中心部５ｍｍ×５ｍｍ角の範囲を観察し、胞子の付着有無を確認した。胞子が少なくとも５個以上付着している観察点が、８点以上認められるものを◎、５〜７点付着が認められるものを○、それ以下を×と判定した。
＜参考例１＞
２８ゲージのトリコット編機を用い、８４Ｔ３６Ｆのポリエチレンテレフタレート仮撚糸を、Ｌ１：１−０／０−１（フルセット）、Ｌ２：２−３／２−１、１−０／１−２（１ｉｎ、１ｏｕｔ）、Ｌ３：１−０／１−２、２−３／２−１（１ｉｎ、１ｏｕｔ）の組織で、機上コース８０コースにて編成した。得られた布帛をセッターで１２０℃×２分セットを施し、８４コース、４０ウエールに仕上げた。
(7) Spore adhesion The seaweed culture substrate was submerged in the water tank, and the laver spores were sprinkled uniformly at a density of 1 million pieces / m 2 from the water tank, and the adhesion state after one week was confirmed. Ten cloth portions between the cuts were selected, and a range of 5 mm × 5 mm square at the center was observed with a magnifying glass to confirm the presence or absence of spore adhesion. The observation points where at least 5 or more spores were attached were judged as ◎ when 8 points or more were observed, ○ when 5 to 7 points were observed, and x below that.
<Reference Example 1>
Using a 28-gauge tricot knitting machine, 84T36F polyethylene terephthalate false twisted yarns were converted to L1: 1-0 / 0-1 (full set), L2: 2-3 / 2-1, 1-0 / 1-2 (1in 1out), L3: 1-0 / 1-2, 2-3 / 2-1 (1 in, 1 out), and knitted in 80 onboard courses. The obtained fabric was set at 120 ° C. for 2 minutes with a setter to finish 84 courses and 40 wales.
仕上げた生地の評価結果を表１に示す。布帛１は、引張強力タテ３３．０Ｎ／ｃｍ、ヨコ２９．５Ｎ／ｃｍ、目付９０ｇ／ｍ２、厚み０．５ｍｍ、目空き０．３ｍｍ、吸水性１０秒であった。
＜参考例２＞
２２ＧＧのダブルラッセル生地を用い、Ｌ１、Ｌ２、Ｌ４、Ｌ５に８４Ｔ３６Ｆのポリエチレンテレフタレート加工糸を用い、Ｌ３に３３Ｔ−１のポリエチレンテレフタレート分繊糸を用い、Ｌ１：２−３−３−３／２−１−１−１／２−３−３−３／２−１−１−１／１−０−０−０／１−２−２−２／１−０−０−０／１−２−２−２／／
Ｌ２：１−０−０−０／１−２−２−２／１−０−０−０／１−２−２−２／２−３−３−３／２−１−１−１／２−３−３−３／２−１−１−１／／
Ｌ３：０−１−０−１／１−０−１−０／／
Ｌ４：０−０−０−１／１−１−１−０／／
Ｌ５：０−０−４−４／４−４−０−０／／
の組織にて、予め、図１〜３のように切れ込み間隔が１５〜１２０ｍｍ、タテ方向に切れ込み無し長さ２００ｍｍ、切れ込み長さが４７５ｍｍ、切れ込みなし長さ５０ｍｍ、切れ込み長さ４７５ｍｍ、切れ込み無し長さ２００ｍｍの繰り返し編成とし、幅１００ｃｍ、機上コース４０コース／インチで編成し布帛２を得た。得られた布帛２評価結果を表１に示す。得られた布帛２は、引張強力タテ５６．５Ｎ／ｃｍ、ヨコ６８．６Ｎ／ｃｍ、目付２５０ｇ／ｍ２、厚み１．９ｍｍ、目空き間隔０．３ｍｍ、吸水性５秒であった。
＜参考例３＞
ポリエチレンテレフタレート短繊維３．３ｄｔｅｘ、繊維長５１ｍｍをオープナーにて通した後、耕地の方法にて、カードマシンおよびニードルパンチマシンに投入し、針本数３００本／ｃｍ２にてニードルパンチ不織布（布帛３）を得た。得られた布帛３の評価結果を表１に示す。布帛３は、引張強力タテ４９．８Ｎ／ｃｍ、ヨコ４０．１Ｎ／ｃｍ、目付２０５ｇ／ｍ２、厚み１．０ｍｍ、目空き間隔なし、吸水性６０秒以上であった。
＜参考例４＞
目空きの大きさを１．５ｍｍ以上となるよう２８ゲージのトリコット編機を用い、８４Ｔ３６Ｆのポリエチレンテレフタレート仮撚糸を、Ｌ１：１−０／０−１（フルセット）、Ｌ２：１−０／２−３／４−５／３−２（糸通し○×××）、Ｌ３：４−５／３−２／１−０／２−３（糸通し×××○）組織で、機上コース８０コースにて編成した。得られた布帛をセッターで１２０℃×２分セットを施し、８４コース、４０ウエールに仕上げた。
得られた布帛４の評価結果を表１に示す。布帛４は、引張強力タテ２５．０Ｎ／ｃｍ、ヨコ２０．５Ｎ／ｃｍ、目付８０ｇ／ｍ２、厚み０．５ｍｍ、目空き１．５ｍｍ、沈降性１０秒であった。
The evaluation results of the finished fabric are shown in Table 1. The
<Reference Example 2>
Using 22GG double raschel fabric, 84T36F polyethylene terephthalate processed yarn is used for L1, L2, L4, and L5, 33T-1 polyethylene terephthalate splitting yarn is used for L3, and L1: 2-3-3-3 / 2 -1-1-1 / 2-3-3 / 2-1-1-1 / 1-0-0-0-0 / 1-2-2-2 / 1-0-0-0-0 / 1-2 -2-2 //
L2: 1-0-0-0 / 1-2-2-2 / 1-0-0-0 / 1-2-2 / 2-3-3-3-2-1-1-1 / 2-3-3-3 / 2-1-1-1 //
L3: 0-1-0-1 / 1-1-0-1-0 //
L4: 0-0-0-1 / 1-1-1-0 //
L5: 0-0-4-4 / 4-4-0-0 //
In advance, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the notch interval is 15 to 120 mm, the length is 200 mm without cut in the vertical direction, the notch length is 475 mm, the no-cut length is 50 mm, the notch length is 475 mm, and the no-cut length is A fabric 2 was obtained by repeating knitting with a thickness of 200 mm, knitting with a width of 100 cm and an on-machine course of 40 courses / inch. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the obtained fabric 2. The obtained fabric 2 had a tensile strength of 56.5 N / cm, a width of 68.6 N / cm, a basis weight of 250 g / m 2 , a thickness of 1.9 mm, a gap interval of 0.3 mm, and a water absorption of 5 seconds.
<Reference Example 3>
After passing 3.3 dtex polyethylene terephthalate short fiber and 51 mm fiber length with an opener, it was put into a card machine and a needle punch machine by the method of arable land, and needle punched non-woven fabric (fabric 3) with 300 needles / cm 2 Got. The evaluation results of the resulting
<Reference Example 4>
Using a 28-gauge tricot knitting machine so that the size of the open space is 1.5 mm or more, 84T36F polyethylene terephthalate false twisted yarn is L1: 1-0 / 0-1 (full set), L2: 1-0 / 2-3 / 4-5 / 3-2 (threading XXX), L3: 4-5 / 3-2 / 1-0 / 2-3 (threading XXX), on-machine The course was organized in 80 courses. The obtained fabric was set at 120 ° C. for 2 minutes with a setter to finish 84 courses and 40 wales.
The evaluation results of the obtained fabric 4 are shown in Table 1. The fabric 4 had a tensile strength of 25.0 N / cm, a width of 20.5 N / cm, a basis weight of 80 g / m 2 , a thickness of 0.5 mm, a space of 1.5 mm, and a sedimentation property of 10 seconds.
［実施例１］
布帛１を用い、仕上げた生地を図１に示すように、まず長さ１４００ｍｍにカットし、型抜き機にて、図１のように、切れ込みの間隔１５ｍｍで６５本、切れ込み長さが４７５ｍｍにて中央５０ｍｍ切れ込みを入れない部分を作り、さらに長さ４７５ｍｍの切れ込みを型抜き機で実施した。長手方向の両端２００ｍｍは折り返し、袋状に縫い合わせることで、基材１を得た。得られた基材の評価結果を表２に示す。得られた基材７は、水中展開性○、胞子付着性○という結果であり、海藻養殖基材として適していた。
[Example 1]
As shown in FIG. 1, the finished fabric is first cut into a length of 1400 mm using a
［実施例２］
実施例１で得られたトリコット生地の切れ込み間隔が５０ｍｍになるようにカットする以外は、実施例１と同じ工程で図２の形状の基材２を作成した。得られた基材の評価結果を表２に示す。基材２は、水中展開性◎、胞子付着性◎という結果であり、海藻養殖基材として適していた。
[Example 2]
A base material 2 having the shape shown in FIG. 2 was prepared in the same process as in Example 1 except that the tricot fabric obtained in Example 1 was cut so that the cut interval was 50 mm. The evaluation results of the obtained base material are shown in Table 2. The base material 2 was the result of underwater spreadability ◎ and spore adhesion ◎, and was suitable as a seaweed culture base material.
［実施例３］
実施例１で得られたトリコット生地の切れ込み間隔が１２０ｍｍになるようにカットする以外は、実施例１と同じ工程で図３の形状の基材３を作成した。得られた基材の評価結果を表２に示す。基材３は、水中展開性：◎、胞子付着性：◎という結果であり、海藻養殖基材として適していた。
[Example 3]
A
［実施例４］
切れ込み間隔１５ｍｍの布帛２を用い、図１に示すよう、切れ込み無し２００ｍｍ部分を折り返して、袋状に縫い合わせることで、基材４を得た。得られた基材４の評価結果を表２に示す。基材４は、水中展開性◎、胞子付着性○という結果であり海藻養殖基材として適していた。
[Example 4]
The base material 4 was obtained by using the fabric 2 having a notch interval of 15 mm, folding back the 200 mm portion having no notch, and stitching it into a bag shape as shown in FIG. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained substrate 4. The base material 4 was suitable for use as a seaweed culture base material because of the results of underwater spreadability ◎ and spore adhesion ○.
［実施例５］
切れ込み間隔５０ｍｍの布帛２を用い、実施例４と同じ工程にて図２のように基材５を得た。得られた基材の評価結果を表２に示す。得られた基材５は、水中展開性◎、胞子付着性○という結果であり海藻養殖基材として適していた。
[Example 5]
A substrate 5 was obtained as shown in FIG. 2 in the same process as in Example 4 using the fabric 2 having a cut interval of 50 mm. The evaluation results of the obtained base material are shown in Table 2. The obtained base material 5 was a result of underwater spreadability 養 and spore adhesion ○ and was suitable as a seaweed culture base material.
［実施例６］
切れ込み間隔１２０ｍｍの布帛２を用い、実施例４と同じ工程にて図３のように基材６を得た。得られた基材の評価結果を表２に示す。得られた基材６は、水中展開性◎、胞子付着性○という結果であり海藻養殖基材として適していた。
[Example 6]
Using the fabric 2 having a notch interval of 120 mm, the substrate 6 was obtained as shown in FIG. The evaluation results of the obtained base material are shown in Table 2. The obtained substrate 6 was suitable for use as a seaweed culture substrate because of the results of underwater spreadability ◎ and spore adhesion ○.
［比較例１］
基材７として養殖用に用いられている、水中ロープ（太さ１０ｍｍ）を用いて、胞子付着性を確認した。基材の評価結果を表２に示す。線状であるため水中展開性は評価できず、胞子付着性×という評価結果であり、上で説明した実施例が優れていた。
[Comparative Example 1]
Spore adhesion was confirmed using an underwater rope (
［比較例２］
布帛３を用いた基材８の評価結果を表２に示す。基材８は、沈降性が悪く、水面に浮かんでしまう状態であり、水中展開性、胞子付着性の評価が出来なかった。
[Comparative Example 2]
The evaluation results of the base material 8 using the
［比較例３］
実施例１で作成した布帛の切れ込み幅を５ｍｍにするほかは、実施例１と同じ工程で基材９を得た。
基材の評価結果を表２に示す。基材の評価結果を表１に示す。基材９は、沈降後、切れ込みの乱れがひどく、水中展開性×、胞子付着性が×であった。
[Comparative Example 3]
A substrate 9 was obtained in the same process as in Example 1 except that the cut width of the fabric produced in Example 1 was changed to 5 mm.
The evaluation results of the substrate are shown in Table 2. The evaluation results of the substrate are shown in Table 1. After the sedimentation, the base material 9 was severely broken, and the underwater developability x and the spore adhesion were x.
［比較例４］
実施例１で作成した布帛の切れ込みをなしとするほかは、実施例１と同じ工程で基材１０を得た。基材の評価結果を表２に示す。基材１０は、水中展開では、均一に展開せず×であり胞子付着性も×であった。
[Comparative Example 4]
A
［比較例５］
実施例１で作成した布帛の切れ込み長さを９５０ｍｍにするほかは、実施例１と同じ工程で基材１１を得た。基材の評価結果を表２に示す。基材１１は、切れ込みがみだれやすく水中展開性×、胞子付着性×であった。
[Comparative Example 5]
A substrate 11 was obtained in the same process as in Example 1 except that the cut length of the fabric produced in Example 1 was changed to 950 mm. The evaluation results of the substrate are shown in Table 2. The base material 11 was easy to squeeze out, and was underwater developability x and spore adhesion x.
［比較例６］
布帛４を用いる他は、実施例１と同じ工程で基材１２を作成した。基材の評価結果を表２に示す。基材１１は、水が通りやすく、水中展開性◎であったが、胞子が抜けてしまい、胞子付着性は×であった。
[Comparative Example 6]
A substrate 12 was prepared in the same process as in Example 1 except that the fabric 4 was used. The evaluation results of the substrate are shown in Table 2. Although the base material 11 was easy to pass water and was expandable in water, the spores were removed and the adherence of spores was x.
Claims (3)
布帛に、長さ７００ｍｍ以下の切れ込みが、１０〜２００ｍｍの間隔で複数あることを特徴とする海藻養殖基材。 It consists of a fabric having an open space with a open space length of 0.5 mm or less ,
A seaweed culture substrate, wherein the cloth has a plurality of slits having a length of 700 mm or less at intervals of 10 to 200 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2012211937A JP6123204B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2012-09-26 | Seaweed culture substrate |
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| JP2012211937A JP6123204B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2012-09-26 | Seaweed culture substrate |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS5243672Y2 (en) * | 1972-06-08 | 1977-10-04 | ||
| JPS576129Y2 (en) * | 1979-04-02 | 1982-02-04 | ||
| JPS60104070U (en) * | 1983-12-21 | 1985-07-16 | 小室 徳太郎 | Net fabric for creating seaweed beds |
| JPH0471448U (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1992-06-24 | ||
| ITBO20050488A1 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2007-01-23 | Carlo Gianluca De | MARINE FANEROGAME SYSTEM TO REDUCE THE COSMETIC EROSION, THE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION AND INCREASE ITTIC POPULATION |
| NO328666B1 (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-04-19 | Seaweed Energy Solutions As | Carriers for growing macroalgae at sea and an arrangement for the release of such carriers |
| US8689482B2 (en) * | 2011-02-07 | 2014-04-08 | College Of William And Mary | Apparatus and method for producing and harvesting algae |
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