JP6109769B2 - 燃料電池の膜電極接合体からの貴金属の回収法 - Google Patents
燃料電池の膜電極接合体からの貴金属の回収法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 45
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 halide ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 55
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloroplatinum Chemical compound Cl[Pt](Cl)(Cl)Cl FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- QFJIELFEXWAVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-H tetrachloroplatinum(2+) dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl QFJIELFEXWAVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WDBLPLYLXIOHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl].O.[Pt] Chemical compound [Cl].O.[Pt] WDBLPLYLXIOHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011978 dissolution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Description
本発明は、上記した課題を解決するためになされたものであって、燃料電池のMEAから、副次的な有害物質を発生させることなく、貴金属を有効かつ効率的に回収することが可能な、貴金属の回収方法を提供することを目的とする。
本発明の貴金属の回収方法の他の一態様は、燃料電池の膜電極接合体からの貴金属の回収方法であって、前記膜電極接合体を溶解液に浸漬した状態で、前記膜電極接合体に酸化電位を加える酸化工程と、前記膜電極接合体に還元電位を加える還元工程とを備え、前記酸化工程又は前記還元工程においてそれぞれ、前記膜電極接合体の対極として他の膜電極接合体を用い、前記還元電位を加える時間(a)と前記酸化電位を加える時間(b)との比a/bが0.1〜1.0となるように前記酸化工程と前記還元工程を交互に繰り返し行うことを特徴とする。
白金(貴金属)と塩化物イオン(ハロゲン化物イオン)は、下記式(1)のように反応し、テトラクロロ白金錯イオンを生成する。この反応は可逆反応であり、MEA4に酸化電位を加えると、式(1)に示す反応平衡が、白金がテトラクロロ白金錯イオンとして溶解液Lに溶解する方向、すなわち左から右の方向に移動する。さらに、式(1)の反応で生成したテトラクロロ白金錯イオンと塩化物イオンは、下記式(2)のように反応し、ヘキサクロロ白金錯イオンを生成する。この反応は可逆反応であり、MEA4に酸化電位を加えると、式(2)に示す反応平衡が、ヘキサクロロ白金錯イオンを生成する方向、すなわち左から右の方向へ移動する。このように、MEA4に酸化電位を加えることで、白金錯イオン形成が促進され、白金の溶解が促進される。
Claims (7)
- 燃料電池の膜電極接合体からの貴金属の回収方法であって、
前記膜電極接合体を溶解液に浸漬した状態で、
前記膜電極接合体に酸化電位を加える酸化工程と、
前記膜電極接合体に還元電位を加える還元工程とを備え、
前記還元電位を加える時間(a)と前記酸化電位を加える時間(b)との比a/bが0.1〜1.0となるように前記酸化工程と前記還元工程を交互に繰り返し行い、
前記還元工程を、最初に行うことを特徴とする貴金属の回収方法。 - 燃料電池の膜電極接合体からの貴金属の回収方法であって、
前記膜電極接合体を溶解液に浸漬した状態で、
前記膜電極接合体に酸化電位を加える酸化工程と、
前記膜電極接合体に還元電位を加える還元工程とを備え、
前記酸化工程又は前記還元工程においてそれぞれ、前記膜電極接合体の対極として他の膜電極接合体を用い、
前記還元電位を加える時間(a)と前記酸化電位を加える時間(b)との比a/bが0.1〜1.0となるように前記酸化工程と前記還元工程を交互に繰り返し行うことを特徴とする貴金属の回収方法。 - 前記酸化電位は、標準水素電極電位0V vs.SHEに対して貴となる電位であり、前記還元電位は、前記酸化電位に対して卑となる電位であること特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の貴金属の回収方法。
- 前記溶解液は、ハロゲン化物イオンを含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項記載の貴金属の回収方法。
- 前記溶解液のpHは、6以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項記載の貴金属の回収方法。
- 前記酸化工程又は前記還元工程においてそれぞれ、前記膜電極接合体の対極として他の膜電極接合体を用いることを特徴とする請求項1、3乃至5のいずれか1項記載の貴金属の回収方法。
- 前記酸化工程及び前記還元工程において、前記膜電極接合体の対極として、前記溶解液に不溶かつ導電性の材料を用いることを特徴とする請求項1、3乃至5のいずれか1項記載の貴金属の回収方法。
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